diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index cef75c0..b7cbaf2 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -4,6 +4,7 @@
 
 ### Fixed
 - **Provider over-return 数量保护**：修复部分上游 API 在请求 `num=1` 时返回多个图片 URL，导致插件连续发送 2 张图片的问题。下载层现在会按本轮缺口裁剪候选 URL，只下载并交付用户请求数量的图片；正常补齐、下载重试、缓存落盘和 sender 发送策略不变。新增回归测试覆盖「请求 1 张但 provider 返回 2 个 URL」场景。
+- **NapCat 发送确认超时去重**：修复 OneBot/NapCat `send_group_msg` 返回 retcode `1200` 且 wording 为 NTQQ `sendMsg` 超时时被误判为可重试失败的问题。此类结果现在仅在 OneBot-like 平台且匹配已知 NTQQ `sendMsg` 超时标记时视为 pending delivery，不再继续触发普通发送、stream 或 HTML fallback，避免平台实际已送达但确认丢失时把同一张图片重复发送；非 OneBot 平台和不相关的 retcode `1200` 超时仍按普通失败处理。
 
 ## [2.1.1] - 2026-06-15
 
diff --git a/src/infrastructure/sending/send_strategies.py b/src/infrastructure/sending/send_strategies.py
index 2152c33..0868a4b 100644
--- a/src/infrastructure/sending/send_strategies.py
+++ b/src/infrastructure/sending/send_strategies.py
@@ -24,6 +24,14 @@
 
 logger = get_logger()
 
+_UNKNOWN_PLATFORM_NAME = "unknown"
+_ONEBOT_UNCERTAIN_DELIVERY_RETCODE = "1200"
+_ONEBOT_SENDMSG_TIMEOUT_MARKERS = (
+    "Timeout",
+    "NodeIKernelMsgService/sendMsg",
+    "NodeIKernelMsgListener/onMsgInfoListUpdate",
+)
+
 
 def extract_message_ids(response: Any) -> tuple[str, ...]:
     """Extract OneBot message ids from common adapter response shapes."""
@@ -65,6 +73,14 @@ def _get_bot_client(event: AstrMessageEvent) -> Any | None:
     return getattr(event, "bot", None) or getattr(event, "_bot", None)
 
 
+def _platform_name(event: AstrMessageEvent) -> str:
+    """统一提取平台名，避免不同发送策略对缺省值处理不一致。"""
+    return (
+        str(getattr(getattr(event, "platform", None), "name", "") or "")
+        or _UNKNOWN_PLATFORM_NAME
+    )
+
+
 def _onebot_target(event: AstrMessageEvent) -> tuple[str, int] | None:
     group_id = event.get_group_id()
     if group_id:
@@ -139,6 +155,23 @@ async def _component_to_onebot_message(comp: Any) -> dict[str, Any]:
     return comp.toDict()
 
 
+def _is_onebot_uncertain_delivery_error(exc: Exception) -> bool:
+    """识别 OneBot/NapCat 已提交但确认超时的发送错误。"""
+    retcode = getattr(exc, "retcode", None)
+    text = " ".join(
+        str(value)
+        for value in (
+            getattr(exc, "message", ""),
+            getattr(exc, "wording", ""),
+            str(exc),
+        )
+        if value
+    )
+    return str(retcode) == _ONEBOT_UNCERTAIN_DELIVERY_RETCODE and all(
+        marker in text for marker in _ONEBOT_SENDMSG_TIMEOUT_MARKERS
+    )
+
+
 class SendStrategy(ABC):
     """Abstract base class for send strategies."""
 
@@ -217,7 +250,7 @@ async def send_with_status(
         try:
             send_result = await self._send_message(event, chain, auto_revoke)
 
-            platform_name = getattr(event.platform, "name", "unknown")
+            platform_name = _platform_name(event)
 
             # AstrBot/OneBot 适配器偶尔会在平台侧已接收消息时返回 None。
             # 这里不把不确定返回当作失败，避免图片仍在延迟送达时误触发回退策略。
@@ -246,18 +279,34 @@ async def send_with_status(
             )
             return SendAttemptResult.success(message_ids)
         except TimeoutError as exc:
+            platform_name = _platform_name(event)
             # 发送接口超时后无法判断平台侧是否已经接收消息，重发 fallback 可能造成重复图片。
             logger.warning(
                 "[send] direct send confirmation timed out, treating as pending delivery: platform=%s, chain=%d, error=%s",
-                getattr(event.platform, "name", "unknown"),
+                platform_name,
                 len(chain),
                 exc,
             )
             return SendAttemptResult.pending_delivery("send confirmation timed out")
         except Exception as exc:
+            platform_name = _platform_name(event)
+            if is_onebot_like_platform(
+                platform_name
+            ) and _is_onebot_uncertain_delivery_error(exc):
+                # NapCat/NTQQ 可能已经发送成功但没有等到本地确认；
+                # 此时进入 stream/HTML fallback 会把同一张图再发一遍。
+                logger.warning(
+                    "[send] direct send returned uncertain OneBot timeout, treating as pending delivery: platform=%s, chain=%d, error=%s",
+                    platform_name,
+                    len(chain),
+                    exc,
+                )
+                return SendAttemptResult.pending_delivery(
+                    "onebot send confirmation timed out"
+                )
             logger.exception(
                 "[send] direct send failed: platform=%s, chain=%d, error=%s",
-                getattr(event.platform, "name", "unknown"),
+                platform_name,
                 len(chain),
                 exc,
             )
@@ -279,7 +328,7 @@ async def _send_message(
     def _requires_onebot_passthrough(
         self, event: AstrMessageEvent, chain: list[Any], auto_revoke: bool
     ) -> bool:
-        platform_name = getattr(getattr(event, "platform", None), "name", "") or ""
+        platform_name = _platform_name(event)
         if not is_onebot_like_platform(platform_name):
             return False
         if auto_revoke and any(
@@ -420,7 +469,7 @@ async def _send_nodes_direct_with_status(
     ) -> SendAttemptResult:
         """Send forward nodes and expose whether fallback is safe."""
         try:
-            platform_name = getattr(getattr(event, "platform", None), "name", "")
+            platform_name = _platform_name(event)
             if auto_revoke and is_onebot_like_platform(platform_name):
                 attempted, raw_result = await self._send_nodes_raw(event, nodes)
                 if attempted:
@@ -455,14 +504,28 @@ async def _send_nodes_direct_with_status(
             logger.info("[forward] send completed: nodes=%d", len(nodes))
             return SendAttemptResult.success(extract_message_ids(send_result))
         except TimeoutError as exc:
+            platform_name = _platform_name(event)
             # 合并转发也可能在平台侧已接收后只丢失本地确认，立刻 fallback 会造成重复消息。
             logger.warning(
-                "[forward] send confirmation timed out, treating as pending delivery: nodes=%d, error=%s",
+                "[forward] send confirmation timed out, treating as pending delivery: platform=%s, nodes=%d, error=%s",
+                platform_name,
                 len(nodes),
                 exc,
             )
             return SendAttemptResult.pending_delivery("forward confirmation timed out")
         except Exception as exc:
+            platform_name = _platform_name(event)
+            if is_onebot_like_platform(
+                platform_name
+            ) and _is_onebot_uncertain_delivery_error(exc):
+                logger.warning(
+                    "[forward] send returned uncertain OneBot timeout, treating as pending delivery: nodes=%d, error=%s",
+                    len(nodes),
+                    exc,
+                )
+                return SendAttemptResult.pending_delivery(
+                    "forward onebot confirmation timed out"
+                )
             logger.exception(
                 "[forward] send failed: nodes=%d, error=%s",
                 len(nodes),
diff --git a/tests/infrastructure/test_image_sender.py b/tests/infrastructure/test_image_sender.py
index cbeb849..208e978 100644
--- a/tests/infrastructure/test_image_sender.py
+++ b/tests/infrastructure/test_image_sender.py
@@ -53,6 +53,21 @@ def without_delivery_notices(config_dict: dict[str, Any]) -> dict[str, Any]:
     return updated
 
 
+class OneBotActionTimeout(Exception):
+    retcode = 1200
+    message = (
+        "Timeout: NTEvent serviceAndMethod:NodeIKernelMsgService/sendMsg "
+        "ListenerName:NodeIKernelMsgListener/onMsgInfoListUpdate EventRet:\n{}\n"
+    )
+    wording = message
+
+
+class GenericRetcodeTimeout(Exception):
+    retcode = 1200
+    message = "Timeout while waiting for an unrelated operation"
+    wording = message
+
+
 @pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
 def reset_singletons() -> None:
     """Keep config/context singletons isolated."""
@@ -190,6 +205,134 @@ async def test_send_images_treats_napcat_none_ack_as_pending(
     mock_event.bot.call_action.assert_not_called()
 
 
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_send_images_treats_onebot_action_timeout_as_pending(
+    tmp_path: Path, mock_event, sample_config_dict
+) -> None:
+    """NapCat raw action 超时确认不触发 stream fallback，避免同图重复发送。"""
+    image_path = tmp_path / "shared" / "image.jpg"
+    image_path.parent.mkdir()
+    image_path.write_bytes(b"image-data")
+
+    context = MagicMock()
+    context.send_message = AsyncMock()
+    set_plugin_context(context)
+
+    mock_event.platform.name = "aiocqhttp"
+    mock_event.get_group_id.return_value = "123456"
+    mock_event.get_sender_id.return_value = "654321"
+    mock_event.bot = MagicMock()
+    mock_event.bot.send_group_msg = AsyncMock(side_effect=OneBotActionTimeout())
+    mock_event.bot.call_action = AsyncMock()
+
+    config_dict = with_napcat_transport(
+        without_delivery_notices(sample_config_dict),
+        local_file_mode="always",
+        local_file_allowed_roots=[str(tmp_path / "shared")],
+        stream_mode="fallback",
+    )
+    config = SetuPluginConfig(**config_dict)
+    payload = ImagePayload(
+        urls=("https://example.com/image.jpg",),
+        raw_bytes=(),
+        file_paths=(image_path,),
+        items=(image_path,),
+        r18=False,
+        tags=(),
+    )
+
+    results = [
+        item async for item in ImageSender(config).send_images(payload, mock_event)
+    ]
+
+    assert results == [{"send_success": True, "image_count": 1, "send_pending": True}]
+    mock_event.bot.send_group_msg.assert_awaited_once()
+    mock_event.bot.call_action.assert_not_called()
+    context.send_message.assert_not_called()
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_direct_send_strategy_keeps_action_timeout_failure_on_non_onebot(
+    mock_event,
+) -> None:
+    """非 OneBot 平台不把 NapCat/NTQQ timeout 归类为待确认投递。"""
+    context = MagicMock()
+    context.send_message = AsyncMock(side_effect=OneBotActionTimeout())
+    strategy = DirectSendStrategy(context)
+
+    mock_event.platform.name = "telegram"
+
+    result = await strategy.send_with_status(
+        mock_event,
+        [Comp.Image.fromBytes(b"image-data")],
+    )
+
+    assert result.accepted is False
+    assert result.pending is False
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_forward_send_strategy_keeps_action_timeout_failure_on_non_onebot(
+    mock_event,
+) -> None:
+    """合并转发同样只在 OneBot-like 平台识别 NapCat/NTQQ 待确认投递。"""
+    context = MagicMock()
+    context.send_message = AsyncMock(side_effect=OneBotActionTimeout())
+    strategy = ForwardSendStrategy(context)
+
+    mock_event.platform.name = "telegram"
+    mock_event.get_self_id.return_value = "10000"
+
+    result = await strategy.send_with_status(
+        mock_event,
+        [Comp.Image.fromBytes(b"image-data")],
+    )
+
+    assert result.accepted is False
+    assert result.pending is False
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_forward_send_strategy_treats_onebot_action_timeout_as_pending(
+    mock_event,
+) -> None:
+    """OneBot-like 合并转发遇到 NapCat/NTQQ 确认超时时不触发后续 fallback。"""
+    context = MagicMock()
+    context.send_message = AsyncMock(side_effect=OneBotActionTimeout())
+    strategy = ForwardSendStrategy(context)
+
+    mock_event.platform.name = "aiocqhttp"
+    mock_event.get_self_id.return_value = "10000"
+
+    result = await strategy.send_with_status(
+        mock_event,
+        [Comp.Image.fromBytes(b"image-data")],
+    )
+
+    assert result.accepted is True
+    assert result.pending is True
+
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio
+async def test_direct_send_strategy_rejects_unrelated_onebot_retcode_timeout(
+    mock_event,
+) -> None:
+    """OneBot retcode 1200 也必须匹配已知 sendMsg 超时模式才视为待投递。"""
+    context = MagicMock()
+    context.send_message = AsyncMock(side_effect=GenericRetcodeTimeout())
+    strategy = DirectSendStrategy(context)
+
+    mock_event.platform.name = "aiocqhttp"
+
+    result = await strategy.send_with_status(
+        mock_event,
+        [Comp.Image.fromBytes(b"image-data")],
+    )
+
+    assert result.accepted is False
+    assert result.pending is False
+
+
 @pytest.mark.asyncio
 async def test_send_images_reports_partial_batch_failure(
     tmp_path: Path, mock_event, sample_config_dict