feat(pubsub-avro): add a pubsub avro example (#292)

pubsub-avro/CMakeLists.txt

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+# ~~~
+# Copyright 2023 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+# ~~~
+
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.20)
+
+# Define the project name and where to report bugs.
+set(PACKAGE_BUGREPORT
+    "https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/cpp-samples/issues")
+project(pubsub-avro CXX)
+
+find_package(google_cloud_cpp_pubsub CONFIG REQUIRED)
+find_package(unofficial-avro-cpp CONFIG REQUIRED)
+
+# Generate the avro C++ files using the avro compiler.
+find_program(AVROGENCPP NAMES avrogencpp)
+macro (run_avro_compiler file namespace)
+    add_custom_command(
+        OUTPUT ${file}.h
+        COMMAND
+            ${AVROGENCPP} ARGS --input
+            "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${file}.avro" --output ${file}.h
+            --namespace ${namespace}
+        DEPENDS ${AVROGENCPP} "${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/${file}.avro"
+        COMMENT "Executing Avro compiler")
+    set_source_files_properties(${file}.h PROPERTIES GENERATED TRUE)
+endmacro (run_avro_compiler)
+
+run_avro_compiler(schema1 v1)
+run_avro_compiler(schema2 v2)
+
+add_executable(quickstart quickstart.cc schema1.h schema2.h)
+target_compile_features(quickstart PRIVATE cxx_std_14)
+target_include_directories(quickstart PRIVATE SYSTEM
+                                              "${CMAKE_CURRENT_BINARY_DIR}")
+target_link_libraries(quickstart PRIVATE google-cloud-cpp::pubsub
+                                         unofficial::avro-cpp::avrocpp)

pubsub-avro/README.md

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+# Subscribe to avro records
+
+## Overview
+
+The quickstart shows how to subscribe to receive avro messages that could be for
+different schema revisions. This example uses the [Avro C++] library and
+[C++ Cloud Pub/Sub] library to use the [Cloud Pub/Sub] service. The setup
+involves:
+
+1. Creating an initial schema (Schema 1)
+1. Creating a topic with Schema 1
+1. Creating a subscription to the topic
+1. Publishing a message to the topic with Schema 1
+1. Commiting a revision schema (Schema 2)
+1. Publishing a message to the topic with Schema 2
+1. Recieve both messages using a subscriber
+
+## Prerequisites
+
+### 1. Create a project in the Google Cloud Platform Console
+
+If you haven't already created a project, create one now.
+
+Projects enable you to manage all Google Cloud Platform resources for your app,
+including deployment, access control, billing, and services.
+
+1. Open the [Cloud Platform Console](https://console.cloud.google.com/).
+1. In the drop-down menu at the top, select Create a project.
+1. Give your project a name.
+1. Make a note of the project ID, which might be different from the project
+   name. The project ID is used in commands and in configurations.
+
+### 2. Enable billing for your project
+
+If you haven't already enabled billing for your project,
+[enable billing now](https://console.cloud.google.com/project/_/settings).
+Enabling billing allows the application to consume billable resources such as
+Pub/Sub API calls.
+
+See
+[Cloud Platform Console Help](https://support.google.com/cloud/answer/6288653)
+for more information about billing settings.
+
+### 3. Enable APIs for your project
+
+[Click here](https://console.cloud.google.com/flows/enableapi?apiid=speech&showconfirmation=true)
+to visit Cloud Platform Console and enable the Pub/Sub and Trace API via the UI.
+
+Or use the CLI:
+
+```
+gcloud services enable pubsub.googleapis.com
+```
+
+## Build using CMake and Vcpkg
+
+To build and run the sample, [setup a C++ development environment].
+
+### 1. Install vcpkg
+
+This project uses [`vcpkg`](https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg) for dependency
+management. Clone the vcpkg repository to your preferred location. In these
+instructions we use`$HOME`:
+
+```shell
+git clone -C $HOME https://github.com/microsoft/vcpkg.git
+cd $HOME/vcpkg
+./vcpkg install google-cloud-cpp
+```
+
+### 2. Download or clone this repo
+
+```shell
+git clone https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/cpp-samples
+```
+
+### 3. Compile these examples
+
+Use the `vcpkg` toolchain file to download and compile dependencies. This file
+would be in the directory you cloned `vcpkg` into, `$HOME/vcpkg` if you are
+following the instructions to the letter. Note that building all the
+dependencies can take up to an hour, depending on the performance of your
+workstation. These dependencies are cached, so a second build should be
+substantially faster.
+
+```sh
+cd cpp-samples/pubsub-open-telemetry
+cmake -S . -B .build -DCMAKE_TOOLCHAIN_FILE=$HOME/vcpkg/scripts/buildsystems/vcpkg.cmake -G Ninja
+cmake --build .build
+```
+
+## Setup the Pub/Sub messages
+
+Export the following environment variables to run the setup scripts:
+
+```shell
+export GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT=[PROJECT ID] # Use your project ID here
+export GOOGLE_CLOUD_TOPIC=avro-topic
+export GOOGLE_CLOUD_SUBSCRIPTION=avro-sub
+export GOOGLE_CLOUD_SCHEMA_NAME=state
+export GOOGLE_CLOUD_SCHEMA_FILE1=schema1.avro
+export GOOGLE_CLOUD_SCHEMA_FILE2=schema2.avro
+```
+
+```shell
+./setup.sh
+```
+
+## Run the example
+
+This will resolve the schemas when recieving the message and return data in the
+format of schema2, even if it was sent in the format of schema1.
+
+```sh
+.build/quickstart ${GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT} avro-sub schema2.avro
+```
+
+If you want to send more message to test, you can use the following commands to
+send a message in schema1
+
+```sh
+gcloud pubsub topics publish ${GOOGLE_CLOUD_TOPIC} \
+  --project ${GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT} \
+  --message '{"name": "New York", "post_abbr": "NY"}'
+```
+
+Or in schema2
+
+```sh
+gcloud pubsub topics publish ${GOOGLE_CLOUD_TOPIC} \
+  --project ${GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT} \
+  --message '{"name": "New York", "post_abbr": "NY", "population": 10000}'
+```
+
+## Cleanup
+
+To delete the created resources (topic, subscription, schema), run:
+
+```shell
+./cleanup.sh
+```
+
+## Platform Specific Notes
+
+### macOS
+
+gRPC [requires][grpc-roots-pem-bug] an environment variable to configure the
+trust store for SSL certificates, you can download and configure this using:
+
+```bash
+curl -Lo roots.pem https://pki.google.com/roots.pem
+export GRPC_DEFAULT_SSL_ROOTS_FILE_PATH="$PWD/roots.pem"
+```
+
+### Windows
+
+gRPC [requires][grpc-roots-pem-bug] an environment variable to configure the
+trust store for SSL certificates, you can download and configure this using:
+
+```console
+@powershell -NoProfile -ExecutionPolicy unrestricted -Command ^
+    (new-object System.Net.WebClient).Downloadfile( ^
+        'https://pki.google.com/roots.pem', 'roots.pem')
+set GRPC_DEFAULT_SSL_ROOTS_FILE_PATH=%cd%\roots.pem
+```
+
+[avro c++]: https://avro.apache.org/docs/1.11.1/api/cpp/html/
+[c++ cloud pub/sub]: https://cloud.google.com/cpp/docs/reference/pubsub/latest
+[cloud pub/sub]: https://cloud.google.com/pubsub/docs
+[grpc-roots-pem-bug]: https://github.com/grpc/grpc/issues/16571
+[setup a c++ development environment]: cloud.google.com/cpp/docs/setup

pubsub-avro/cleanup.sh

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+#!/bin/bash
+#
+# Copyright 2023 Google LLC
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+# Delete the topic, subscription, and schema.
+gcloud pubsub topics delete ${GOOGLE_CLOUD_TOPIC} "--project=${GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT}"
+gcloud pubsub subscriptions delete ${GOOGLE_CLOUD_SUBSCRIPTION} "--project=${GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT}"
+gcloud pubsub schemas delete ${GOOGLE_CLOUD_SCHEMA_NAME} "--project=${GOOGLE_CLOUD_PROJECT}"

pubsub-avro/quickstart.cc

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+// Copyright 2023 Google LLC
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+// https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "avro/Compiler.hh"
+#include "avro/DataFile.hh"
+#include "avro/Decoder.hh"
+#include "avro/Stream.hh"
+#include "avro/ValidSchema.hh"
+#include "google/cloud/pubsub/message.h"
+#include "google/cloud/pubsub/schema_client.h"
+#include "google/cloud/pubsub/subscriber.h"
+#include "google/cloud/pubsub/subscription.h"
+#include "schema1.h"
+#include "schema2.h"
+#include <fstream>
+#include <iostream>
+#include <sstream>
+#include <string>
+
+int main(int argc, char* argv[]) try {
+  if (argc != 4) {
+    std::cerr << "Usage: " << argv[0]
+              << " <project-id> <subscription-id> <avro-file>\n";
+    return 1;
+  }
+
+  std::string const project_id = argv[1];
+  std::string const subscription_id = argv[2];
+  std::string const avro_file = argv[3];
+
+  auto constexpr kWaitTimeout = std::chrono::seconds(30);
+
+  // Create a namespace alias to make the code easier to read.
+  namespace pubsub = ::google::cloud::pubsub;
+
+  //! [START pubsub_subscribe_avro_records_with_revisions]
+  auto subscriber = pubsub::Subscriber(pubsub::MakeSubscriberConnection(
+      pubsub::Subscription(project_id, subscription_id)));
+
+  // Create a schema client.
+  auto schema_client =
+      pubsub::SchemaServiceClient(pubsub::MakeSchemaServiceConnection());
+
+  // Read the reader schema. This is the schema you want the messages to be
+  // evaluated using.
+  std::ifstream ifs(avro_file);
+  avro::ValidSchema reader_schema;
+  avro::compileJsonSchema(ifs, reader_schema);
+
+  std::unordered_map<std::string, avro::ValidSchema> revisions_to_schemas;
+  auto session = subscriber.Subscribe(
+      [&](pubsub::Message const& message, pubsub::AckHandler h) {
+        // Get the reader schema revision for the message.
+        auto schema_name = message.attributes()["googclient_schemaname"];
+        auto schema_revision_id =
+            message.attributes()["googclient_schemarevisionid"];
+        // If we haven't received a message with this schema, look it up.
+        if (revisions_to_schemas.find(schema_revision_id) ==
+            revisions_to_schemas.end()) {
+          auto schema_path = schema_name + "@" + schema_revision_id;
+          // Use the schema client to get the path.
+          auto schema = schema_client.GetSchema(schema_path);
+          if (!schema) {
+            std::cout << "Schema not found:" << schema_path << "\n";
+            return;
+          }
+          avro::ValidSchema writer_schema;
+          std::stringstream in;
+          in << schema.value().definition();
+          avro::compileJsonSchema(in, writer_schema);
+          revisions_to_schemas[schema_revision_id] = writer_schema;
+        }
+        auto writer_schema = revisions_to_schemas[schema_revision_id];
+
+        auto encoding = message.attributes()["googclient_schemaencoding"];
+        if (encoding == "JSON") {
+          std::stringstream in;
+          in << message.data();
+          auto avro_in = avro::istreamInputStream(in);
+          avro::DecoderPtr decoder = avro::resolvingDecoder(
+              writer_schema, reader_schema, avro::jsonDecoder(writer_schema));
+          decoder->init(*avro_in);
+
+          v2::State state;
+          avro::decode(*decoder, state);
+          std::cout << "Name: " << state.name << "\n";
+          std::cout << "Postal Abbreviation: " << state.post_abbr << "\n";
+          std::cout << "Population: " << state.population << "\n";
+        } else {
+          std::cout << "Unable to decode. Received message using encoding"
+                    << encoding << "\n";
+        }
+        std::move(h).ack();
+      });
+  // [END pubsub_subscribe_avro_records_with_revisions]
+
+  std::cout << "Waiting for messages on " + subscription_id + "...\n";
+
+  // Blocks until the timeout is reached.
+  auto result = session.wait_for(kWaitTimeout);
+  if (result == std::future_status::timeout) {
+    std::cout << "timeout reached, ending session\n";
+    session.cancel();
+  }
+
+  return 0;
+} catch (google::cloud::Status const& status) {
+  std::cerr << "google::cloud::Status thrown: " << status << "\n";
+  return 1;
+} catch (const std::exception& error) {
+  std::cout << error.what() << std::endl;
+}

pubsub-avro/schema1.avro

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+{
+  "type": "record",
+  "name": "State",
+  "namespace": "utilities",
+  "doc": "A list of states in the United States of America.",
+  "fields": [
+    {
+      "name": "name",
+      "type": "string",
+      "doc": "The common name of the state."
+    },
+    {
+      "name": "post_abbr",
+      "type": "string",
+      "doc": "The postal code abbreviation of the state."
+    }
+  ]
+}