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<!-- Mirrored from mullinslab.microbiol.washington.edu/publications/1272-Prevalence-Magnitude-and-Correlates-of-HIV-1-Genital-Shedding-in-Women-on-Antiretroviral-Therapy by HTTrack Website Copier/3.x [XR&CO'2014], Mon, 21 Jul 2025 18:05:25 GMT -->
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<title>Prevalence, Magnitude, and Correlates of HIV-1 Genital Shedding in Women on Antiretroviral Therapy. | Mullins Molecular Retrovirology Lab</title>
<imgsrc="../static/_img/2c/47ca/CFAR-logo-rev-10-22-18_4aa6fe47bc_500x157.jpg" width="500" height="157" srcset="/static/_img/2c/47ca/CFAR-logo-rev-10-22-18_4aa6fe47bc_500x157.jpg 1x, /static/_img/2c/47ca/CFAR-logo-rev-10-22-18_4aa6fe47bc_1000x314.jpg 2x" alt="University of Washington/Fred Hutch Center for AIDS Research">
<p>King CC, Ellington SR, Davis NL, Coombs RW, Pyra M, Hong T, Mugo N, Patel RC, Lingappa JR, Baeten JM, Kourtis AP, Partners in Prevention HSV/HIV Transmission Study and Partners PrEP Study Teams (2017). <spanclass="title">Prevalence, Magnitude, and Correlates of HIV-1 Genital Shedding in Women on Antiretroviral Therapy.</span><citeclass="journalName">The Journal of infectious diseases</cite>, <spanclass="journalIssue">216(12)</span>, 1534-1540. (<ahref="http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29240922">pubmed</a>) (<ahref="https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jix550">doi</a>)</p>
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<h1>Abstract</h1>
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<p>Genital human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) RNA shedding can continue despite HIV being undetectable in blood, and can be associated with transmission.</p>
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<!-- Mirrored from mullinslab.microbiol.washington.edu/publications/1272-Prevalence-Magnitude-and-Correlates-of-HIV-1-Genital-Shedding-in-Women-on-Antiretroviral-Therapy by HTTrack Website Copier/3.x [XR&CO'2014], Mon, 21 Jul 2025 18:05:25 GMT -->
<imgsrc="../static/_img/2c/47ca/CFAR-logo-rev-10-22-18_4aa6fe47bc_500x157.jpg" width="500" height="157" srcset="/static/_img/2c/47ca/CFAR-logo-rev-10-22-18_4aa6fe47bc_500x157.jpg 1x, /static/_img/2c/47ca/CFAR-logo-rev-10-22-18_4aa6fe47bc_1000x314.jpg 2x" alt="University of Washington/Fred Hutch Center for AIDS Research">
<p>Nickle DC, Shriner D, Mittler JE, Frenkel LM, Mullins JI (2003). <spanclass="title">Importance and detection of virus reservoirs and compartments of HIV infection.</span><citeclass="journalName">Current opinion in microbiology</cite>, <spanclass="journalIssue">6(4)</span>, 410-6. (<ahref="http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12941414">pubmed</a>)</p>
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<p>Current therapies for treating HIV-1 infection are capable of suppressing virus load in blood to undetectable levels, and result in marked clinical improvement. Despite this suppression, HIV-1 infection persists and virus load quickly rebounds when therapy is interrupted. The origin of the rebounding virus is unknown, but is thought to result from continuing viral replication in anatomic or cellular compartments, and the release of virus from latent infection in reservoirs.</p>
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<!-- Mirrored from mullinslab.microbiol.washington.edu/publications/1285-Importance-and-detection-of-virus-reservoirs-and-compartments-of-HIV-infection by HTTrack Website Copier/3.x [XR&CO'2014], Mon, 21 Jul 2025 18:08:03 GMT -->
<imgsrc="../static/_img/2c/47ca/CFAR-logo-rev-10-22-18_4aa6fe47bc_500x157.jpg" width="500" height="157" srcset="/static/_img/2c/47ca/CFAR-logo-rev-10-22-18_4aa6fe47bc_500x157.jpg 1x, /static/_img/2c/47ca/CFAR-logo-rev-10-22-18_4aa6fe47bc_1000x314.jpg 2x" alt="University of Washington/Fred Hutch Center for AIDS Research">
<p>Seaton KE, Huang Y, Karuna S, Heptinstall JR, Brackett C, Chiong K, Zhang L, Yates NL, Sampson M, Rudnicki E, Juraska M, deCamp AC, Edlefsen PT, Mullins JI, Williamson C, Rossenkhan R, Giorgi EE, Kenny A, Angier H, Randhawa A, Weiner JA, Rojas M, Sarzotti-Kelsoe M, Zhang L, Sawant S, Ackerman ME, McDermott AB, Mascola JR, Hural J, McElrath MJ, Andrew P, Hidalgo JA, Clark J, Laher F, Orrell C, Frank I, Gonzales P, Edupuganti S, Mgodi N, Corey L, Morris L, Montefiori D, Cohen MS, Gilbert PB, Tomaras GD (2023)<spanclass="title">Pharmacokinetic serum concentrations of VRC01 correlate with prevention of HIV-1 acquisition</span><citeclass="journalName">EBioMedicine</cite> 2023 Jul:93:104590(<ahref="http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/37300931">pubmed</a>) (<ahref="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104590">doi</a>)</p>
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<p><strong>Background</strong>: The phase 2b proof-of-concept Antibody Mediated Prevention (AMP) trials showed that VRC01, an anti-HIV-1 broadly neutralising antibody (bnAb), prevented acquisition of HIV-1 sensitive to VRC01. To inform future study design and dosing regimen selection of candidate bnAbs, we investigated the association of VRC01 serum concentration with HIV-1 acquisition using AMP trial data.</p><p><strong>Methods</strong>: The case-control sample included 107 VRC01 recipients who acquired HIV-1 and 82 VRC01 recipients who remained without HIV-1 during the study. We measured VRC01 serum concentrations with a qualified pharmacokinetic (PK) Binding Antibody Multiplex Assay. We employed nonlinear mixed effects PK modelling to estimate daily-grid VRC01 concentrations. Cox regression models were used to assess the association of VRC01 concentration at exposure and baseline body weight, with the hazard of HIV-1 acquisition and prevention efficacy as a function of VRC01 concentration. We also compared fixed dosing vs. body weight-based dosing via simulations.</p><p><strong>Findings</strong>: Estimated VRC01 concentrations in VRC01 recipients without HIV-1 were higher than those in VRC01 recipients who acquired HIV-1. Body weight was inversely associated with HIV-1 acquisition among both placebo and VRC01 recipients but did not modify the prevention efficacy of VRC01. VRC01 concentration was inversely correlated with HIV-1 acquisition, and positively correlated with prevention efficacy of VRC01. Simulation studies suggest that fixed dosing may be comparable to weight-based dosing in overall predicted prevention efficacy.</p><p><strong>Interpretation</strong>: These findings suggest that bnAb serum concentration may be a useful marker for dosing regimen selection, and operationally efficient fixed dosing regimens could be considered for future trials of HIV-1 bnAbs.</p><p><strong>Funding</strong>: Was provided by the National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) (UM1 AI068614, to the HIV Vaccine Trials Network [HVTN]; UM1 AI068635, to the HVTN Statistical Data and Management Center [SDMC], Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center [FHCC]; 2R37 054165 to the FHCC; UM1 AI068618, to HVTN Laboratory Center, FHCC; UM1 AI068619, to the HPTN Leadership and Operations Center; UM1 AI068613, to the HIV Prevention Trials Network [HPTN] Laboratory Center; UM1 AI068617, to the HPTN SDMC; and P30 AI027757, to the Center for AIDS Research, Duke University (AI P30 AI064518) and University of Washington (P30 AI027757) Centers for AIDS Research; R37AI054165 from NIAID to the FHCC; and OPP1032144 CA-VIMC Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.</p>
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<!-- Mirrored from mullinslab.microbiol.washington.edu/publications/1291-Pharmacokinetic-serum-concentrations-of-VRC01-correlate-with-prevention-of-HIV-1-acquisition by HTTrack Website Copier/3.x [XR&CO'2014], Mon, 21 Jul 2025 18:05:25 GMT -->
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