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<!DOCTYPE HTML>
<html>
<head>
<title>SSL-VC</title>
<style>
.image-container {
display: flex;
justify-content: center;
}
.image-container img {
max-width: 80%; /* 可以根据需要调整图片的最大宽度 */
margin-right: 10px; /* 设置图片之间的间隔 */
}
.image-caption {
font-size: 20px; /* 设置字号 */
font-weight: normal;
}
</style>
<style>
audio{
width: 175px; /* 设置播放器宽度为 300px */
}
</style>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, user-scalable=no" />
<link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/css/main.css" />
<noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="assets/css/noscript.css" /></noscript>
</head>
<body class="is-preload">
<!-- Header -->
<header id="header" class="alt">
<h1 style="font-size: 50px;">Voice Conversion based on Self-Supervised Features and Multi-Constraint Disentanglement Strategy</h1>
<p style="font-size: 35px;">Yuhang Xue<sup>1</sup>, Ning Chen<sup>1,*</sup>, Yixin Luo<sup>1</sup>, Hongqing Zhu<sup>1</sup>, Zhiying Zhu<sup>1</sup>, Jie ZHU<sup>2</sup></p>
<p style=" font-size: 25px;"><sup>1</sup>East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China</p>
<p style=" font-size: 25px;"><sup>2</sup>Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China</p>
<p style="font-size: 25px;">*Corresponding author</p>
</header>
<!-- Main -->
<div id="main">
<!-- Introduction -->
<section id="abstract" class="main">
<div class="spotlight">
<div class="content">
<header class="major">
<h2>Abstract</h2>
</header>
<p style="text-align: justify; font-weight: normal">Enhancing model generalization and achieving sufficient disentanglement among different speech representations are the current focus of voice conversion (VC) research.
To address these challenges, the proposed model adopts self-supervised features and designs a multi-constraint disentanglement strategy. First, self-supervised features extracted by specific layers of the pre-trained
speech processing model, WavLM, are employed as input for the speaker encoder and the content encoder to improve the model's generalization and simplify their architectures. Second, a multi-constraint disentanglement
strategy is proposed to remove redundant information in pre-trained features. Specifically, the Siamese content loss is adopted to mitigate the speaker information leakage issue in content encoding, and the margin
speaker loss based on AM-Softmax is introduced to alleviate the problem of overlap and fuzzy boundaries among different speakers. The pitch loss and the mel-spectrogram reconstruction loss are adopted to ensure the
quality of the converted speech. Furthermore, the generalization strategy employed during the training stage makes the generated speech more realistic. Experimental results on the VCTK corpus demonstrate that the proposed
model achieves excellent performance in objective and subjective evaluations under both seen and unseen scenarios.</p>
</div>
</div>
</section>
<section id="proposed model" class="main">
<div class="spotlight">
<div class="content">
<header class="major">
<h2>Proposed Model</h2>
<div class="image-container">
<img src="images/proposed_model_revise.jpg" alt="Image1" style="margin-top: 25px"/></img>
</div>
<div class="image-container"><p class="image-caption">Fig.1: The overall architecture of the proposed model.</p>
</div>
</section>
<!-- Second Section -->
<section id="converted samples" class="main">
<header class="major">
<h2 >Converted samples</h2>
</header>
<p style="font-size: 30px; font-weight: bold">Seen to Seen Conversion</p>
<p style="font-size: 25px;">*Note: The demo of Main-VC can be found on <a href="https://main-vc24ijcnn.github.io/" target="_blank"> its page [Table.1 Traditional Voice Conversion (seen speakers)]</a>.</p>
<table>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Type</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Text</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Source</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Target</center>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><center>M-F</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><center>People look, but no one ever finds it.</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/source/p255_010.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio></center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/target/p288_019.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio></center>
</tr>
</table>
<table style="margin-top:-47px;">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Again-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>BetaVAE-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Fragment-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>S2VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Limi-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Proposed</center>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/seen/AGAIN-VC/p255_010_to_p288_019.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/seen/BetaVAE/p255_010_to_p288_019.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/seen/Fragment-VC/p255_010_to_p288_019.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/seen/S2VC/p255_010_to_p288_019.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/seen/Limi-VC/p255_010_to_p288_019.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/seen/Proposed/p255_010_to_p288_019.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="margin-bottom:120px;"></div>
<table>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Type</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Text</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Source</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Target</center>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><center>F-M</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><center>Others have tried to explain the phenomenon physically.</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/source/p249_017.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio></center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/target/p281_009.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio></center>
</tr>
</table>
<table style="margin-top:-47px;">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Again-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>BetaVAE-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Fragment-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>S2VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Limi-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Proposed</center>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/seen/AGAIN-VC/p249_017_to_p281_009.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/seen/BetaVAE/p249_017_to_p281_009.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/seen/Fragment-VC/p249_017_to_p281_009.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/seen/S2VC/p249_017_to_p281_009.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/seen/Limi-VC/p249_017_to_p281_009.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/seen/Proposed/p249_017_to_p281_009.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="margin-bottom:120px;"></div>
<table>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Type</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Text</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Source</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Target</center>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><center>M-M</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><center>We also need a small plastic snake and a big toy frog for the kids.</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/source/p258_004.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio></center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/target/p272_015.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio></center>
</tr>
</table>
<table style="margin-top:-47px;">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Again-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>BetaVAE-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Fragment-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>S2VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Limi-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Proposed</center>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/seen/AGAIN-VC/p258_004_to_p272_015.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/seen/BetaVAE/p258_004_to_p272_015.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/seen/Fragment-VC/p258_004_to_p272_015.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/seen/S2VC/p258_004_to_p272_015.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/seen/Limi-VC/p258_004_to_p272_015.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/seen/Proposed/p258_004_to_p272_015.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="margin-bottom:120px;"></div>
<table>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Type</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Text</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Source</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Target</center>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><center>F-F</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><center>Some have accepted it as a miracle without any physical explanation.</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/source/p310_013.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio></center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/target/p280_004.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio></center>
</tr>
</table>
<table style="margin-top:-47px;">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Again-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>BetaVAE-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Fragment-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>S2VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Limi-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Proposed</center>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/seen/AGAIN-VC/p310_013_to_p280_004.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/seen/BetaVAE/p310_013_to_p280_004.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/seen/Fragment-VC/p310_013_to_p280_004.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/seen/S2VC/p310_013_to_p280_004.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/seen/Limi-VC/p310_013_to_p280_004.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/seen/Proposed/p310_013_to_p280_004.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="margin-bottom:150px;"></div>
<p style="font-size: 30px; font-weight: bold">Unseen to Unseen Conversion</p>
<p style="font-size: 25px;">*Note: The demo of Main-VC can be found on <a href="https://main-vc24ijcnn.github.io/" target="_blank"> its page [Table.2 One-shot Voice Conversion (unseen speakers)]</a>.</p>
<table>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Type</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Text</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Source</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Target</center>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><center>M-F</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><center>She can scoop these things into three red bags, and we will go meet her Wednesday at the train station.</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/source/p241_005.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio></center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/target/p234_044.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio></center>
</tr>
</table>
<table style="margin-top:-47px;">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Again-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>BetaVAE-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Fragment-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>S2VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Limi-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Proposed</center>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/unseen/AGAIN-VC/p241_005_to_p234_044.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/unseen/BetaVAE/p241_005_to_p234_044.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/unseen/Fragment-VC/p241_005_to_p234_044.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/unseen/S2VC/p241_005_to_p234_044.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/unseen/Limi-VC/p241_005_to_p234_044.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/unseen/Proposed/p241_005_to_p234_044.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="margin-bottom:120px;"></div>
<table>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Type</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Text</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Source</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Target</center>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><center>F-M</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><center>So if we can take anything from tonight, it will be fantastic.</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/source/p228_026.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio></center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/target/p245_020.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio></center>
</tr>
</table>
<table style="margin-top:-47px;">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Again-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>BetaVAE-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Fragment-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>S2VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Limi-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Proposed</center>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/unseen/AGAIN-VC/p228_026_to_p245_020.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/unseen/BetaVAE/p228_026_to_p245_020.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/unseen/Fragment-VC/p228_026_to_p245_020.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/unseen/S2VC/p228_026_to_p245_020.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/unseen/Limi-VC/p228_026_to_p245_020.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/unseen/Proposed/p228_026_to_p245_020.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="margin-bottom:120px;"></div>
<table>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Type</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Text</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Source</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Target</center>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><center>M-M</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><center>People look, but no one ever finds it. </center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/source/p226_010.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio></center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/target/p232_008.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio></center>
</tr>
</table>
<table style="margin-top:-47px;">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Again-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>BetaVAE-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Fragment-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>S2VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Limi-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Proposed</center>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/unseen/AGAIN-VC/p226_010_to_p232_008.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/unseen/BetaVAE/p226_010_to_p232_008.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/unseen/Fragment-VC/p226_010_to_p232_008.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/unseen/S2VC/p226_010_to_p232_008.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/unseen/Limi-VC/p226_010_to_p232_008.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/unseen/Proposed/p226_010_to_p232_008.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
</tr>
</table>
<div style="margin-bottom:120px;"></div>
<table>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Type</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Text</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Source</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Target</center>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><center>F-F</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle;"><center>When a man looks for something beyond his reach, his friends say he is looking for the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow.</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/source/p225_011.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio></center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/target/p228_006.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio></center>
</tr>
</table>
<table style="margin-top:-47px;">
<tr>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Again-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>BetaVAE-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Fragment-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>S2VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Limi-VC</center>
<td style="vertical-align: middle; font-weight: bold"><center>Proposed</center>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/unseen/AGAIN-VC/p225_011_to_p228_006.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/unseen/BetaVAE/p225_011_to_p228_006.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/unseen/Fragment-VC/p225_011_to_p228_006.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/unseen/S2VC/p225_011_to_p228_006.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/unseen/Limi-VC/p225_011_to_p228_006.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
<td><audio controls="controls" source src="demo/unseen/Proposed/p225_011_to_p228_006.wav" type="audio/wav"></audio>
</tr>
</table>
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