[SPARK-50744][SQL] Add a test case for view/CTE name resolution precedence

### What changes were proposed in this pull request?

Add an important test case for CTE resolution:

```
CREATE VIEW v1 AS SELECT 1;
CREATE VIEW v2 AS SELECT * FROM v1;

– The result is 1.
– The `v2` body will be inlined in the main query tree during the analysis, but upper `v1`
– CTE definition won't take precedence over the lower `v1` view.
WITH v1 AS (
  SELECT 2
)
SELECT * FROM v2;
```

This is an exception to the usual "CTE name takes precedence over the table/view name".

### Why are the changes needed?

To harden Spark testing.

### Does this PR introduce _any_ user-facing change?

No.

### How was this patch tested?

New test case.

### Was this patch authored or co-authored using generative AI tooling?

No.

Closes #49378 from vladimirg-db/vladimirg-db/add-cte-vs-view-test-case.

Authored-by: Vladimir Golubev <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: Wenchen Fan <[email protected]>

Author: vladimirg-db

sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/analyzer-results/cte.sql.out

@@ -17,6 +17,19 @@ CreateViewCommand `t2`, select * from values 0, 1 as t(id), false, false, LocalT
          +- LocalRelation [id#x]
 
 
+-- !query
+create temporary view t3 as select * from t
+-- !query analysis
+CreateViewCommand `t3`, select * from t, false, false, LocalTempView, UNSUPPORTED, true
+   +- Project [id#x]
+      +- SubqueryAlias t
+         +- View (`t`, [id#x])
+            +- Project [cast(id#x as int) AS id#x]
+               +- Project [id#x]
+                  +- SubqueryAlias t
+                     +- LocalRelation [id#x]
+
+
 -- !query
 WITH s AS (SELECT 1 FROM s) SELECT * FROM s
 -- !query analysis
@@ -76,6 +89,27 @@ WithCTE
       +- CTERelationRef xxxx, true, [1#x], false, false
 
 
+-- !query
+WITH t AS (SELECT 1) SELECT * FROM t3
+-- !query analysis
+WithCTE
+:- CTERelationDef xxxx, false
+:  +- SubqueryAlias t
+:     +- Project [1 AS 1#x]
+:        +- OneRowRelation
++- Project [id#x]
+   +- SubqueryAlias t3
+      +- View (`t3`, [id#x])
+         +- Project [cast(id#x as int) AS id#x]
+            +- Project [id#x]
+               +- SubqueryAlias t
+                  +- View (`t`, [id#x])
+                     +- Project [cast(id#x as int) AS id#x]
+                        +- Project [id#x]
+                           +- SubqueryAlias t
+                              +- LocalRelation [id#x]
+
+
 -- !query
 WITH s1 AS (SELECT 1 FROM s2), s2 AS (SELECT 1 FROM s1) SELECT * FROM s1, s2
 -- !query analysis
@@ -778,3 +812,9 @@ DropTempViewCommand t
 DROP VIEW IF EXISTS t2
 -- !query analysis
 DropTempViewCommand t2
+
+
+-- !query
+DROP VIEW IF EXISTS t3
+-- !query analysis
+DropTempViewCommand t3

sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/inputs/cte.sql

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 create temporary view t as select * from values 0, 1, 2 as t(id);
 create temporary view t2 as select * from values 0, 1 as t(id);
+create temporary view t3 as select * from t;
 
 -- WITH clause should not fall into infinite loop by referencing self
 WITH s AS (SELECT 1 FROM s) SELECT * FROM s;
@@ -10,6 +11,9 @@ SELECT * FROM r;
 -- WITH clause should reference the base table
 WITH t AS (SELECT 1 FROM t) SELECT * FROM t;
 
+-- Table `t` referenced by a view should take precedence over the top CTE `t`
+WITH t AS (SELECT 1) SELECT * FROM t3;
+
 -- WITH clause should not allow cross reference
 WITH s1 AS (SELECT 1 FROM s2), s2 AS (SELECT 1 FROM s1) SELECT * FROM s1, s2;
 
@@ -175,3 +179,4 @@ with cte as (select * from cte) select * from cte;
 -- Clean up
 DROP VIEW IF EXISTS t;
 DROP VIEW IF EXISTS t2;
+DROP VIEW IF EXISTS t3;

sql/core/src/test/resources/sql-tests/results/cte.sql.out

@@ -15,6 +15,14 @@ struct<>
 
 
 
+-- !query
+create temporary view t3 as select * from t
+-- !query schema
+struct<>
+-- !query output
+
+
+
 -- !query
 WITH s AS (SELECT 1 FROM s) SELECT * FROM s
 -- !query schema
@@ -70,6 +78,16 @@ struct<1:int>
 1
 
 
+-- !query
+WITH t AS (SELECT 1) SELECT * FROM t3
+-- !query schema
+struct<id:int>
+-- !query output
+0
+1
+2
+
+
 -- !query
 WITH s1 AS (SELECT 1 FROM s2), s2 AS (SELECT 1 FROM s1) SELECT * FROM s1, s2
 -- !query schema
@@ -580,3 +598,11 @@ DROP VIEW IF EXISTS t2
 struct<>
 -- !query output
 
+
+
+-- !query
+DROP VIEW IF EXISTS t3
+-- !query schema
+struct<>
+-- !query output
+