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  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    dcraw
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../dd-wrt/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    dd-wrt
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../dd/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    dd
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../ddrescue/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    ddrescue
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../deb/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    deb
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../debian/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    debian
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../defaults/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    defaults
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../devops/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    devops
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../dhcp/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    DHCP
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../dhcpd.conf/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    dhcpd.conf
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../diagrams/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    diagrams
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../dig/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    dig
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../dmidecode/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    dmidecode
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../dns/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    DNS
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../docker/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    docker
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../document-query/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    document query tools
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../drone/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Drone
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../dsrc/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    dsrc
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../dtrace/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    dtrace
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../du/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    du
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../duplicity/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    duplicity
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../e-bike/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    E-bike
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../education/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    education
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../elasticsearch/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Elasticsearch
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../eleduino/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Eleduino
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../etcd/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    etcd
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../ethtool/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    ethtool
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../exiftool/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    exiftool
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../fediverse/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    fediverse
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../fedramp/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Fedramp
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../ffmpeg/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    ffmpeg
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../figlet/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    figlet
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../finance/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Finance
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../find/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    find
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../findmnt/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    findmnt
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../fio/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    fio
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../flask/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    flask
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../flipper-zero/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Flipper Zero
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../fluent-bit/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    fluent-bit
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../fluentd/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    fluentd
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../fortune/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    fortune
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../fuser/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    fuser
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../gaming/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    gaming
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../genicam/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    GenICam
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../geodata/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    geodata
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../gige-vision/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    GigE Vision
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../git/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Git
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../github/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Github
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../gitlab/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Gitlab
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../gitolite/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    gitolite
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../glsl/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    glsl
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../gnu-screen/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    GNU Screen
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../golang/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    golang
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../google-cloud/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Google Cloud
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../google-earth/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Google Earth
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../google-sheets/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Google Sheets
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../google/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Google
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../graphicsmagick/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    GraphicsMagick
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../graphql/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    GraphQL
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../grep/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    grep
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../grub/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    GNU GRUB
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../hadoop/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Hadoop
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../handbrake/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Handbrake
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../hashids/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Hashids
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../helm/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    helm
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../home-assistant/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Home Assistant
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../hp/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    HP
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../htmx/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    htmx
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../htop/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    htop
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../httpstat/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    httpstat
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../iTunes/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    iTunes
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../image-formats/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Graphical Image Formats
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../imagemagick/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    ImageMagick
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../img2xterm/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    img2xterm
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../inotify/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    inotify
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../internet/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    The Internet
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../interview/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Interviews
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../iotop/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    iotop
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../ip/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    ip
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../iperf/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    iperf
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../ipmi/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    IPMI
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../iptables/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    iptables
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../irc/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    irc
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../irssi/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    irssi
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../jargon/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    jargon
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../javascript/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    JavaScript
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../jdupes/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    jdupes
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../jmespath/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    jmespath
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../join/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    join
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../jot/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    jot
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../jpeginfo/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    jpeginfo
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../jq/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    jq
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../json/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    JSON
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../jsonnet/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    jsonnet
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../jsonpath/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    JSONPath
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../juniper/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Juniper
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../jupyter/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Jupyter
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../jwt/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    jwt
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../kaniko/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    kaniko
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../keel/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    keel
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../keybase/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    keybase
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../kubernetes/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    kubernetes
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../launchd/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    launchd
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../ldap/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    ldap
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../lego/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    LEGO
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../lektor/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Lektor
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../linksys/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    linksys
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../linux-performance-monitoring/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Linux Performance Monitoring
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../linux/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    linux
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../logstash/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    logstash
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../lsblk/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    lsblk
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../lshw/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    lshw
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../lsof/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    lsof
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../lua/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    LUA
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../lvm/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    lvm
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../lxc/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    LXC
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../machine-learning/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Machine Learning
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../macos/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    macOS
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../make/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    GNU make
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../marlin/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Marlin
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../math/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    math
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../mdraid/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    mdraid
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../mechanical-keyboards/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Keyboards
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../metallb/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    MetalLB
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../microbit/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    micro:bit
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../microcontrollers/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    microcontrollers
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../micropython/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    MicroPython
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../minikube/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    minikube
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../misc/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Miscellaneous
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../mkdocs/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    MkDocs
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../molecule/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Molecule
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../mongodb/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    MongoDB
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../mqtt/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    mqtt
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../mutt/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    mutt
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../myrepos/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    myrepos
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../mysql/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    MySQL
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../namei/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    namei
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../ncftp/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    ncftp
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../neopixel/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Adafruit Neopixel
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../netgear/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    NETGEAR
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../nethogs/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    nethogs
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../networking/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    networking
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../networksetup/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    networksetup
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../nfc/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    NFC
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../nfs/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    nfs
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../ngrok/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    ngrok
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../nintendo-3ds/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Nintendo 3DS
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../nintendo-amiibo/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Nintendo Amiibo
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../nintendo-nes/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Nintendo Entertainment System
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../nintendo-switch/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Nintendo Switch
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../nintendo-wii/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Nintendo Wii
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../nintendo-wiiu/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Nintendo Wii U
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../ntop/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    ntop
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../ntp/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    NTP
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../nvidia/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    nvidia
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../onboarding/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Onboarding
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../opa/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Open Policy Agent
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../openvpn/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    openvpn
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../orbstack/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    orbstack
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../osquery/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    osquery
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../outline/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    outline
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../pac/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    pac
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../pandoc/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    pandoc
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../panopticlick/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    panopticlick
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../passwords/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    passwords
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../perl/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    perl
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../pgp/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    pgp
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../philips-hue/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Philips Hue
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../photography/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    photography
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../php/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    php
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../plex/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    plex
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../postgres/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    PostgreSQL
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../powershell/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    powershell
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../powertop/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    powertop
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../procurve/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    procurve
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../prometheus/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Prometheus
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../protobuf/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    protobuf
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../ps/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    ps
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../ps_mem/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    ps_mem
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../psp/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    psp
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../pssh/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    pssh
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../ptp/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    ptp
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../puppet/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Puppet
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../pv/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    pv
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../pxe/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    pxe
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../pytest/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    pytest
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../python/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    python
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../q/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    q
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../raspberry-pi/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    raspberry-pi
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../redis/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    redis
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../retropie/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    retropie
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../rhel/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    rhel
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../robotics/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    robotics
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../roku/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Roku
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../rook/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    rook
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../ros/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    ros
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../rpm/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    rpm
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../rrd/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    rrd
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../rst/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    reStructuredText
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../rsync/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    rsync
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../rust/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Rust
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../saltstack/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    saltstack
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../samba/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Samba
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../samsung/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Samsung
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../science/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Science
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../screenshot/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Screenshots
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../sdr/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    sdr
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../security/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Security
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../sed/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    sed
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../selinux/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    selinux
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../semver/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    semver
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../sensu/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    sensu
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../serverless/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    serverless
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../sgdisk/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    sgdisk
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../shairport-sync/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    shairport-sync
  </span>
  

      </a>
    </li>
  

    <li class="md-nav__item">
      <a href="../shred/" class="md-nav__link">
        
  
  <span class="md-ellipsis">
    Shred
  </span>
  

      </a>
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<h1 id="dcfldd">dcfldd</h1>
<p><code>dcfldd</code> is an advanced version of <code>dd</code> which is more useful than <code>pv</code> in some situations.</p>
<p>One simple advantage <code>dcfldd</code> has over <code>dd</code> is a progress counter displayed by default, although even with <code>dd</code> you can see progress by pressing <code>ctrl-t</code>. However, if all you need is a progress display, <code>pv</code> is really your best bet.</p>
<p>Another useful advantage dcfldd has is the ability to specify hex and ascii patterns, as well as the output of a command as the source. You may also specify multiple outputs.</p>
<h2 id="examples">Examples</h2>
<h3 id="wipe-a-hard-disk">Wipe a hard disk</h3>
<p>This wipes hard disk /dev/rdisk9 with binary <code>01010101</code> pattern.</p>
<pre><code>dcfldd pattern=AAAA of=/dev/rdisk9
</code></pre>
<h3 id="resume-wiping-a-hard-disk">Resume wiping a hard disk</h3>
<p>You can use <code>seek</code> to skip past the first N blocks on the destination disk. If you have to resume multiple times, perhaps the best option is to use bash's arithmetic expansion to add up the number of blocks written.</p>
<pre><code>$ dcfldd pattern=AAAA of=/dev/rdisk3
3328 blocks (104Mb) written.^C
3466+0 records in
3465+0 records out
$ dcfldd pattern=AAAA of=/dev/rdisk3 seek=3328
2936064 blocks (91752Mb) written.^C
2936132+0 records in
2936131+0 records out
$ dcfldd pattern=AAAA of=/dev/rdisk3 seek=$((3328+2936064))
</code></pre>
<h3 id="view-progress-with-pv">View progress with pv</h3>
<p><code>pv</code> is useful for seeing the transfer rate of the pipe, which can help diagnose continued success or lack thereof with failing hard disks.</p>
<pre><code>root# dcfldd pattern=AAAA | pv | dcfldd of=/dev/rdisk3 seek=$((4192000+504000+10240000+2936064))
512 blocks (16Mb) written.22.1MiB 0:00:07 [21.7MiB/s] [   &lt;=&gt;
1280 blocks (40Mb) written.43.5MiB 0:00:08 [21.5MiB/s] [    &lt;=&gt;
2304 blocks (72Mb) written.79.4MiB 0:00:09 [35.9MiB/s] [      &lt;=&gt;
3584 blocks (112Mb) written. 114MiB 0:00:10 [35.2MiB/s] [       &lt;=&gt;
</code></pre>
<h2 id="see-also">See Also</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="../dd/">dd</a></li>
<li><a href="../ddrescue/">ddrescue</a></li>
<li><a href="../pv/">pv</a></li>
</ul>


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