diff --git a/.nvmrc b/.nvmrc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2bd5a0a9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.nvmrc
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+22
diff --git a/package.json b/package.json
index cee90287..65d928b8 100644
--- a/package.json
+++ b/package.json
@@ -7,6 +7,9 @@
     "freshell": "dist/server/cli/index.js"
   },
   "main": "dist/electron/electron/entry.js",
+  "engines": {
+    "node": ">=22.5.0"
+  },
   "scripts": {
     "predev": "cross-env PORT=3002 tsx scripts/precheck.ts",
     "preserve": "tsx scripts/precheck.ts",
diff --git a/server/coding-cli/providers/codex.ts b/server/coding-cli/providers/codex.ts
index 2d6c1f3d..6ff001a5 100644
--- a/server/coding-cli/providers/codex.ts
+++ b/server/coding-cli/providers/codex.ts
@@ -328,7 +328,11 @@ export function parseCodexSessionContent(content: string): ParsedSessionMeta {
         if (ideRequest) {
           title = extractTitleFromMessage(ideRequest, 200)
         } else if (!isSystemContext(text)) {
-          title = extractTitleFromMessage(text, 200)
+          // Strip image markup tags so titles show the actual user request
+          const cleaned = text.replace(/<\/?image[^>]*>/g, '').trim()
+          if (cleaned) {
+            title = extractTitleFromMessage(cleaned, 200)
+          }
         }
       }
     }
diff --git a/server/coding-cli/providers/opencode.ts b/server/coding-cli/providers/opencode.ts
index 99873c2e..51aabfe1 100644
--- a/server/coding-cli/providers/opencode.ts
+++ b/server/coding-cli/providers/opencode.ts
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ export class OpencodeProvider implements CodingCliProvider {
     try {
       sqlite = await import('node:sqlite')
     } catch {
-      logger.debug({ provider: this.name }, 'node:sqlite unavailable (requires Node 22.5+); skipping OpenCode sessions')
+      logger.warn({ provider: this.name, nodeVersion: process.version }, 'node:sqlite unavailable — OpenCode sessions will not appear. Upgrade to Node 22.5+ to enable.')
       return []
     }
 
diff --git a/server/coding-cli/session-indexer.ts b/server/coding-cli/session-indexer.ts
index 66e96cfc..00a5a727 100644
--- a/server/coding-cli/session-indexer.ts
+++ b/server/coding-cli/session-indexer.ts
@@ -940,14 +940,28 @@ export class CodingCliSessionIndexer {
     enabledSet: Set<string>,
     seenCacheKeys: Set<string>,
   ): Promise<void> {
-    // Collect all file-based entries for enrichment.
+    // Collect all file-based entries for enrichment. Files the lightweight scan couldn't
+    // parse (e.g. Codex with 14KB first lines) use file mtime as the recency estimate.
+    const statCache = new Map<string, number>()
     const candidates: Array<{ provider: CodingCliProvider; filePath: string; cacheKey: string; lastActivityAt: number; isSubagent: boolean }> = []
     for (const [provider, files] of filesByProvider) {
       if (!enabledSet.has(provider.name)) continue
       for (const filePath of files) {
         const cacheKey = normalizeFilePath(filePath)
         const cached = this.fileCache.get(cacheKey)
-        const lastActivityAt = cached?.baseSession?.lastActivityAt ?? 0
+        let lastActivityAt = cached?.baseSession?.lastActivityAt ?? cached?.mtimeMs ?? 0
+        if (lastActivityAt === 0) {
+          // No cache entry — file wasn't parseable from 4KB. Use mtime for sorting.
+          try {
+            let mtime = statCache.get(cacheKey)
+            if (mtime === undefined) {
+              const stat = await fsp.stat(filePath)
+              mtime = stat.mtimeMs || stat.mtime.getTime()
+              statCache.set(cacheKey, mtime)
+            }
+            lastActivityAt = mtime
+          } catch { /* file may have been deleted */ }
+        }
         const isSubagent = cached?.baseSession?.isSubagent ?? isSubagentSession(filePath)
         candidates.push({ provider, filePath, cacheKey, lastActivityAt, isSubagent })
       }
diff --git a/server/coding-cli/utils.ts b/server/coding-cli/utils.ts
index 20716544..5d16d32f 100644
--- a/server/coding-cli/utils.ts
+++ b/server/coding-cli/utils.ts
@@ -308,8 +308,9 @@ async function resolveCommonDirFromGitFile(gitdir: string): Promise<string> {
 export function isSystemContext(text: string): boolean {
   const trimmed = text.trim()
   if (!trimmed) return false
-  // XML-wrapped system context: <system_context>, <environment_context>, <INSTRUCTIONS>, etc.
-  if (/^<[a-zA-Z_][\w_-]*[>\s]/.test(trimmed)) return true
+  // XML-wrapped system context injected by coding CLIs. Uses an allowlist of known system
+  // context tag names to avoid false-positives on user content like <image>, <file>, <analysis>.
+  if (/^<(environment_context|system_context|system|context|INSTRUCTIONS|user_instructions|permissions|collaboration_mode|skills_instructions)[>\s]/i.test(trimmed)) return true
   // Instruction file headers: "# AGENTS.md instructions for...", "# System", "# Instructions"
   if (/^#\s*(AGENTS|Instructions?|System)/i.test(trimmed)) return true
   // Bracketed agent mode instructions: [SUGGESTION MODE: ...], [REVIEW MODE: ...]