diff --git a/src/System.Windows.Forms.Primitives/src/System/Windows/Forms/Internals/ScaleHelper.cs b/src/System.Windows.Forms.Primitives/src/System/Windows/Forms/Internals/ScaleHelper.cs
index 788671cfc6b..764a35ca3a1 100644
--- a/src/System.Windows.Forms.Primitives/src/System/Windows/Forms/Internals/ScaleHelper.cs
+++ b/src/System.Windows.Forms.Primitives/src/System/Windows/Forms/Internals/ScaleHelper.cs
@@ -424,12 +424,12 @@ internal static HighDpiMode GetThreadHighDpiMode()
     /// <summary>
     ///  Get X, Y metrics at DPI, IF icon is not already that size, create and return a new one.
     /// </summary>
-    internal static Icon ScaleSmallIconToDpi(Icon icon, int dpi)
+    internal static Icon ScaleSmallIconToDpi(Icon icon, int dpi, bool alwaysCreateNew = false)
     {
         int width = PInvoke.GetCurrentSystemMetrics(SYSTEM_METRICS_INDEX.SM_CXSMICON, (uint)dpi);
         int height = PInvoke.GetCurrentSystemMetrics(SYSTEM_METRICS_INDEX.SM_CYSMICON, (uint)dpi);
 
-        return (icon.Width == width && icon.Height == height) ? icon : new(icon, width, height);
+        return (icon.Width == width && icon.Height == height && !alwaysCreateNew) ? icon : new(icon, width, height);
     }
 
     /// <summary>
diff --git a/src/System.Windows.Forms/System/Windows/Forms/Form.cs b/src/System.Windows.Forms/System/Windows/Forms/Form.cs
index a977b9de151..c3900d09c6b 100644
--- a/src/System.Windows.Forms/System/Windows/Forms/Form.cs
+++ b/src/System.Windows.Forms/System/Windows/Forms/Form.cs
@@ -6453,11 +6453,14 @@ private unsafe void UpdateWindowIcon(bool redrawFrame, int dpi = 0)
 
             if (icon is not null)
             {
-                Icon? oldSmallIcon = _smallIcon;
-
                 try
                 {
-                    _smallIcon = ScaleHelper.ScaleSmallIconToDpi(icon, dpi);
+                    // As we dispose the _smallIcon in multiple places, we'd need to track when we've
+                    // actually created a scaled icon to know when we should free it selectively (so we
+                    // don't free user provided Icons. For now, just always create a new scaled icon.
+                    _smallIcon?.Dispose();
+                    _smallIcon = null;
+                    _smallIcon = ScaleHelper.ScaleSmallIconToDpi(icon, dpi, alwaysCreateNew: true);
                 }
                 catch
                 {
@@ -6466,10 +6469,6 @@ private unsafe void UpdateWindowIcon(bool redrawFrame, int dpi = 0)
                 if (_smallIcon is not null)
                 {
                     PInvokeCore.SendMessage(this, PInvokeCore.WM_SETICON, (WPARAM)PInvoke.ICON_SMALL, (LPARAM)_smallIcon.Handle);
-                    if (oldSmallIcon is not null && oldSmallIcon.Handle != _smallIcon.Handle)
-                    {
-                        oldSmallIcon.Dispose();
-                    }
                 }
 
                 PInvokeCore.SendMessage(this, PInvokeCore.WM_SETICON, (WPARAM)PInvoke.ICON_BIG, (LPARAM)icon.Handle);
diff --git a/src/test/unit/System.Windows.Forms/System/Windows/Forms/FormTests.cs b/src/test/unit/System.Windows.Forms/System/Windows/Forms/FormTests.cs
index 365b9bc3370..26574491052 100644
--- a/src/test/unit/System.Windows.Forms/System/Windows/Forms/FormTests.cs
+++ b/src/test/unit/System.Windows.Forms/System/Windows/Forms/FormTests.cs
@@ -2748,6 +2748,21 @@ public void Form_DoesNot_PreventShutDown()
         Assert.True((BOOL)message.ResultInternal);
     }
 
+    [WinFormsFact]
+    public void Form_DoesNot_DisposeUserIcon()
+    {
+        // https://github.com/dotnet/winforms/issues/13963
+        using Form form = new();
+        int dpi = form.DeviceDpi;
+        using Icon icon = new(typeof(Form), "wfc");
+        int smallDpi = PInvoke.GetCurrentSystemMetrics(SYSTEM_METRICS_INDEX.SM_CXSMICON, (uint)dpi);
+        using Icon smallIcon = new(icon, new Size(smallDpi, smallDpi));
+        form.Icon = smallIcon;
+        form.Show();
+        form.Close();
+        smallIcon.Handle.Should().NotBe(0);
+    }
+
     public partial class ParentedForm : Form
     {
         private ParentingForm _parentForm;