attack_track_fx.py

#!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
Track FX: Cross-Protocol Bridge Attacks (395-400)

Attacks on bridges between Web4 and external protocols/systems.
These exploit the translation layer where Web4's trust semantics
meet external systems with different trust models.

Key Insight: Protocol bridges are attack magnets because:
- Trust model translation is inherently lossy
- Timing differences create race conditions
- Authentication mechanisms differ across protocols
- State synchronization is complex
- Error handling may expose attack surfaces

Web4 must interoperate with:
- Traditional blockchain systems (Ethereum, ACT)
- Legacy identity systems (OAuth, SAML)
- AI/ML platforms (SAGE, Claude, etc.)
- MCP servers and tool ecosystems
- Enterprise systems (LDAP, AD)

Author: Autonomous Research Session
Date: 2026-02-12
Track: FX (Attack vectors 395-400)
"""

from dataclasses import dataclass, field
from enum import Enum
from typing import Dict, List, Optional, Set, Tuple, Any
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
from collections import defaultdict
import random
import hashlib


class ProtocolType(Enum):
    """Types of external protocols."""
    WEB4_NATIVE = "web4"
    ETHEREUM = "ethereum"
    ACT_CHAIN = "act"
    OAUTH2 = "oauth2"
    SAML = "saml"
    MCP = "mcp"
    SAGE = "sage"
    LEGACY_REST = "rest"


class TranslationResult(Enum):
    """Result of trust translation."""
    SUCCESS = "success"
    PARTIAL = "partial"
    FAILED = "failed"


@dataclass
class ProtocolCredential:
    """Credential from an external protocol."""
    protocol: ProtocolType
    credential_id: str
    claims: Dict[str, Any]
    issued_at: datetime
    expires_at: datetime
    trust_level: float
    verified: bool = True


@dataclass
class BridgeMapping:
    """Mapping between protocols."""
    source_protocol: ProtocolType
    target_protocol: ProtocolType
    source_id: str
    target_id: str
    mapping_type: str
    trust_translation: float
    created_at: datetime
    last_verified: datetime


@dataclass
class BridgeTransaction:
    """A cross-protocol transaction."""
    tx_id: str
    source_protocol: ProtocolType
    target_protocol: ProtocolType
    source_credential: ProtocolCredential
    operation: str
    payload: Dict[str, Any]
    timestamp: datetime
    status: str = "pending"
    result: Optional[Dict] = None


class ProtocolBridgeSimulator:
    """Simulates a Web4 protocol bridge."""

    def __init__(self):
        self.mappings: Dict[str, BridgeMapping] = {}
        self.transactions: List[BridgeTransaction] = []
        self.credentials: Dict[str, ProtocolCredential] = {}

        self.trust_translation_factors = {
            (ProtocolType.ETHEREUM, ProtocolType.WEB4_NATIVE): 0.8,
            (ProtocolType.ACT_CHAIN, ProtocolType.WEB4_NATIVE): 0.95,
            (ProtocolType.OAUTH2, ProtocolType.WEB4_NATIVE): 0.6,
            (ProtocolType.SAML, ProtocolType.WEB4_NATIVE): 0.65,
            (ProtocolType.MCP, ProtocolType.WEB4_NATIVE): 0.75,
            (ProtocolType.SAGE, ProtocolType.WEB4_NATIVE): 0.9,
        }

        self.max_trust_boost = 1.0
        self._init_baseline()

    def _init_baseline(self):
        for i in range(20):
            cred_id = f"cred_{i}"
            protocol = random.choice(list(ProtocolType))
            self.credentials[cred_id] = ProtocolCredential(
                protocol=protocol,
                credential_id=cred_id,
                claims={"user_id": f"user_{i}"},
                issued_at=datetime.now() - timedelta(days=random.randint(1, 100)),
                expires_at=datetime.now() + timedelta(days=random.randint(30, 365)),
                trust_level=random.uniform(0.3, 0.9)
            )

    def translate_trust(self, credential: ProtocolCredential,
                       target_protocol: ProtocolType) -> Tuple[float, TranslationResult]:
        key = (credential.protocol, target_protocol)
        factor = self.trust_translation_factors.get(key, 0.5)
        translated_trust = min(credential.trust_level * factor, self.max_trust_boost)

        if factor >= 0.8:
            result = TranslationResult.SUCCESS
        elif factor >= 0.5:
            result = TranslationResult.PARTIAL
        else:
            result = TranslationResult.FAILED

        return translated_trust, result

    def process_transaction(self, tx: BridgeTransaction) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        if tx.source_credential.expires_at < datetime.now():
            tx.status = "failed"
            return {"success": False, "error": "expired_credential"}

        translated_trust, result = self.translate_trust(
            tx.source_credential, tx.target_protocol
        )

        if result == TranslationResult.FAILED:
            tx.status = "failed"
            return {"success": False, "error": "trust_translation_failed"}

        tx.status = "completed"
        tx.result = {"translated_trust": translated_trust}
        self.transactions.append(tx)
        return {"success": True, "result": tx.result}


# Attack 395: Trust Inflation via Protocol Laundering
@dataclass
class TrustInflationAttack:
    original_trust: float = 0.0
    final_trust: float = 0.0
    laundering_path: List[ProtocolType] = field(default_factory=list)

    def execute(self, bridge: ProtocolBridgeSimulator) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        attacker_cred = ProtocolCredential(
            protocol=ProtocolType.OAUTH2,
            credential_id="attacker_oauth",
            claims={"user_id": "attacker"},
            issued_at=datetime.now(),
            expires_at=datetime.now() + timedelta(days=30),
            trust_level=0.4
        )
        self.original_trust = attacker_cred.trust_level
        direct_trust, _ = bridge.translate_trust(attacker_cred, ProtocolType.WEB4_NATIVE)

        # Launder through SAGE (higher trust factor)
        sage_cred = ProtocolCredential(
            protocol=ProtocolType.SAGE,
            credential_id="fake_sage",
            claims={"user_id": "attacker", "source_protocol": "oauth2"},
            issued_at=datetime.now(),
            expires_at=datetime.now() + timedelta(days=30),
            trust_level=0.7
        )
        laundered_trust, _ = bridge.translate_trust(sage_cred, ProtocolType.WEB4_NATIVE)
        self.final_trust = laundered_trust

        return {
            "attack_type": "trust_inflation",
            "original_trust": self.original_trust,
            "direct_translation": direct_trust,
            "laundered_trust": self.final_trust,
            "trust_gain": self.final_trust - direct_trust,
            "success": (self.final_trust - direct_trust) > 0.1
        }


class TrustInflationDefense:
    def __init__(self, bridge: ProtocolBridgeSimulator):
        self.bridge = bridge
        self.credential_history: Dict[str, List[ProtocolType]] = defaultdict(list)

    def detect(self, credential: ProtocolCredential) -> Tuple[bool, List[str]]:
        alerts = []
        detected = False

        if "source_protocol" in credential.claims:
            alerts.append("Credential claims prior protocol - potential laundering")
            detected = True

        age = datetime.now() - credential.issued_at
        if credential.protocol == ProtocolType.SAGE and age < timedelta(hours=1) and credential.trust_level > 0.6:
            alerts.append("New SAGE credential with high trust")
            detected = True

        return detected, alerts


# Attack 396: Race Condition in Async Bridge
@dataclass
class BridgeRaceConditionAttack:
    transactions_created: int = 0
    race_window_exploited: bool = False

    def execute(self, bridge: ProtocolBridgeSimulator) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        attacker_cred = ProtocolCredential(
            protocol=ProtocolType.WEB4_NATIVE,
            credential_id="attacker_web4",
            claims={"user_id": "attacker", "balance": 100},
            issued_at=datetime.now(),
            expires_at=datetime.now() + timedelta(days=30),
            trust_level=0.7
        )

        successful_txs = 0
        for i in range(5):
            self.transactions_created += 1
            if i < 2 or random.random() < 0.3:
                successful_txs += 1
                if i >= 2:
                    self.race_window_exploited = True

        return {
            "attack_type": "race_condition",
            "transactions_attempted": self.transactions_created,
            "transactions_succeeded": successful_txs,
            "race_exploited": self.race_window_exploited,
            "success": successful_txs > 2
        }


class BridgeRaceDefense:
    def __init__(self, bridge: ProtocolBridgeSimulator):
        self.bridge = bridge
        self.pending_transactions: Dict[str, List[BridgeTransaction]] = defaultdict(list)

    def detect(self, transactions: List[BridgeTransaction]) -> Tuple[bool, List[str]]:
        alerts = []
        detected = False

        by_source: Dict[str, List[BridgeTransaction]] = defaultdict(list)
        for tx in transactions:
            by_source[tx.source_credential.credential_id].append(tx)

        for source_id, txs in by_source.items():
            if len(txs) > 3:
                alerts.append(f"Burst transactions from {source_id}: {len(txs)}")
                detected = True

        return detected, alerts


# Attack 397: Credential Replay Across Protocols
@dataclass
class CredentialReplayAttack:
    replayed_credentials: int = 0
    successful_replays: int = 0

    def execute(self, bridge: ProtocolBridgeSimulator) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        legitimate_cred = ProtocolCredential(
            protocol=ProtocolType.ETHEREUM,
            credential_id="eth_valid_123",
            claims={"address": "0x1234567890abcdef"},
            issued_at=datetime.now() - timedelta(hours=1),
            expires_at=datetime.now() + timedelta(hours=23),
            trust_level=0.8
        )

        for target in [ProtocolType.WEB4_NATIVE, ProtocolType.ACT_CHAIN]:
            self.replayed_credentials += 1
            tx = BridgeTransaction(
                tx_id=f"replay_{target.value}",
                source_protocol=ProtocolType.ETHEREUM,
                target_protocol=target,
                source_credential=legitimate_cred,
                operation="authenticate",
                payload={"nonce": "old_nonce_12345"},
                timestamp=datetime.now()
            )
            result = bridge.process_transaction(tx)
            if result["success"]:
                self.successful_replays += 1

        return {
            "attack_type": "credential_replay",
            "replays_attempted": self.replayed_credentials,
            "replays_successful": self.successful_replays,
            "success": self.successful_replays > 0
        }


class CredentialReplayDefense:
    def __init__(self, bridge: ProtocolBridgeSimulator):
        self.bridge = bridge
        self.nonce_registry: Dict[str, datetime] = {}

    def detect(self, credential: ProtocolCredential, nonce: str) -> Tuple[bool, List[str]]:
        alerts = []
        detected = False

        if nonce in self.nonce_registry:
            alerts.append(f"Nonce replay detected: {nonce}")
            detected = True

        self.nonce_registry[nonce] = datetime.now()
        return detected, alerts


# Attack 398: Error Message Information Leak
@dataclass
class ErrorLeakAttack:
    errors_collected: List[Dict] = field(default_factory=list)
    information_extracted: Dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)

    def execute(self, bridge: ProtocolBridgeSimulator) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        test_cases = [
            ProtocolCredential(
                protocol=ProtocolType.ETHEREUM,
                credential_id="expired_test",
                claims={},
                issued_at=datetime.now(),
                expires_at=datetime.now() - timedelta(days=1),
                trust_level=0.5
            ),
            ProtocolCredential(
                protocol=ProtocolType.MCP,
                credential_id="overflow_test",
                claims={},
                issued_at=datetime.now(),
                expires_at=datetime.now() + timedelta(days=1),
                trust_level=1.5
            ),
        ]

        for cred in test_cases:
            tx = BridgeTransaction(
                tx_id=f"error_test_{len(self.errors_collected)}",
                source_protocol=cred.protocol,
                target_protocol=ProtocolType.WEB4_NATIVE,
                source_credential=cred,
                operation="probe",
                payload={},
                timestamp=datetime.now()
            )
            result = bridge.process_transaction(tx)
            if not result["success"]:
                self.errors_collected.append({"error": result.get("error")})
                if "expired" in str(result):
                    self.information_extracted["timestamp_validation"] = True

        return {
            "attack_type": "error_leak",
            "errors_collected": len(self.errors_collected),
            "information_extracted": self.information_extracted,
            "success": len(self.information_extracted) > 0
        }


class ErrorLeakDefense:
    def __init__(self, bridge: ProtocolBridgeSimulator):
        self.bridge = bridge
        self.error_patterns: Dict[str, int] = defaultdict(int)

    def detect(self, credential_id: str, error_type: str) -> Tuple[bool, List[str]]:
        alerts = []
        detected = False

        self.error_patterns[f"{credential_id}:{error_type}"] += 1
        total_errors = sum(c for k, c in self.error_patterns.items() if k.startswith(credential_id))

        if total_errors > 5:
            alerts.append(f"Systematic error probing from {credential_id}")
            detected = True

        return detected, alerts


# Attack 399: Bridge State Desync
@dataclass
class BridgeDesyncAttack:
    desync_created: bool = False
    state_divergence: Dict[str, Any] = field(default_factory=dict)

    def execute(self, bridge: ProtocolBridgeSimulator) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        target_received = random.random() > 0.5

        if not target_received:
            self.desync_created = True
            self.state_divergence = {
                "web4_state": "asset_locked",
                "act_chain_state": "no_record",
                "discrepancy": "asset locked on Web4 but not recorded on ACT Chain"
            }

        return {
            "attack_type": "bridge_desync",
            "desync_created": self.desync_created,
            "state_divergence": self.state_divergence,
            "success": self.desync_created
        }


class BridgeDesyncDefense:
    def __init__(self, bridge: ProtocolBridgeSimulator):
        self.bridge = bridge
        self.pending_confirmations: Dict[str, BridgeTransaction] = {}
        self.confirmation_timeout = timedelta(minutes=5)

    def detect(self, tx: BridgeTransaction) -> Tuple[bool, List[str]]:
        alerts = []
        detected = False

        if tx.tx_id in self.pending_confirmations:
            pending_time = datetime.now() - self.pending_confirmations[tx.tx_id].timestamp
            if pending_time > self.confirmation_timeout:
                alerts.append(f"Transaction {tx.tx_id} pending too long")
                detected = True

        return detected, alerts


# Attack 400: Protocol Downgrade Attack
@dataclass
class ProtocolDowngradeAttack:
    downgrade_achieved: bool = False
    original_protocol: Optional[ProtocolType] = None
    downgraded_protocol: Optional[ProtocolType] = None

    def execute(self, bridge: ProtocolBridgeSimulator) -> Dict[str, Any]:
        self.original_protocol = ProtocolType.ACT_CHAIN

        if random.random() < 0.3:
            self.downgrade_achieved = True
            self.downgraded_protocol = ProtocolType.OAUTH2

        return {
            "attack_type": "protocol_downgrade",
            "original_protocol": self.original_protocol.value,
            "downgrade_achieved": self.downgrade_achieved,
            "downgraded_to": self.downgraded_protocol.value if self.downgraded_protocol else None,
            "success": self.downgrade_achieved
        }


class ProtocolDowngradeDefense:
    def __init__(self, bridge: ProtocolBridgeSimulator):
        self.bridge = bridge
        self.min_protocol_versions = {ProtocolType.ACT_CHAIN: "1.5"}
        self.blocked_legacy_modes = {"legacy", "compatibility", "fallback"}

    def detect(self, tx: BridgeTransaction) -> Tuple[bool, List[str]]:
        alerts = []
        detected = False

        for key, value in tx.payload.items():
            if any(legacy in str(value).lower() for legacy in self.blocked_legacy_modes):
                alerts.append(f"Legacy mode requested: {value}")
                detected = True

        version = tx.source_credential.claims.get("version", "")
        if version and version < self.min_protocol_versions.get(tx.source_protocol, "0"):
            alerts.append(f"Protocol version too old: {version}")
            detected = True

        return detected, alerts


def run_track_fx_simulations() -> Dict[str, Any]:
    results = {}

    print("=" * 70)
    print("TRACK FX: Cross-Protocol Bridge Attacks (395-400)")
    print("=" * 70)

    # Attack 395
    print("\n[Attack 395] Trust Inflation via Protocol Laundering...")
    bridge = ProtocolBridgeSimulator()
    attack = TrustInflationAttack()
    result = attack.execute(bridge)
    defense = TrustInflationDefense(bridge)
    fake_cred = ProtocolCredential(
        protocol=ProtocolType.SAGE,
        credential_id="test_sage",
        claims={"source_protocol": "oauth2"},
        issued_at=datetime.now(),
        expires_at=datetime.now() + timedelta(days=1),
        trust_level=0.7
    )
    detected, alerts = defense.detect(fake_cred)
    results["395_trust_inflation"] = {"attack_result": result, "detected": detected, "alerts": alerts}
    print(f"  Success: {result['success']}, Detected: {detected}")

    # Attack 396
    print("\n[Attack 396] Race Condition in Async Bridge...")
    bridge = ProtocolBridgeSimulator()
    attack = BridgeRaceConditionAttack()
    result = attack.execute(bridge)
    defense = BridgeRaceDefense(bridge)
    txs = [BridgeTransaction(
        tx_id=f"test_{i}", source_protocol=ProtocolType.WEB4_NATIVE, target_protocol=ProtocolType.ETHEREUM,
        source_credential=ProtocolCredential(
            protocol=ProtocolType.WEB4_NATIVE, credential_id="test", claims={},
            issued_at=datetime.now(), expires_at=datetime.now() + timedelta(days=1), trust_level=0.5
        ), operation="test", payload={}, timestamp=datetime.now()
    ) for i in range(5)]
    detected, alerts = defense.detect(txs)
    results["396_race_condition"] = {"attack_result": result, "detected": detected, "alerts": alerts}
    print(f"  Success: {result['success']}, Detected: {detected}")

    # Attack 397
    print("\n[Attack 397] Credential Replay Across Protocols...")
    bridge = ProtocolBridgeSimulator()
    attack = CredentialReplayAttack()
    result = attack.execute(bridge)
    defense = CredentialReplayDefense(bridge)
    test_cred = ProtocolCredential(
        protocol=ProtocolType.ETHEREUM, credential_id="test_eth", claims={},
        issued_at=datetime.now(), expires_at=datetime.now() + timedelta(days=1), trust_level=0.7
    )
    defense.detect(test_cred, "test_nonce")
    detected, alerts = defense.detect(test_cred, "test_nonce")
    results["397_credential_replay"] = {"attack_result": result, "detected": detected, "alerts": alerts}
    print(f"  Success: {result['success']}, Detected: {detected}")

    # Attack 398
    print("\n[Attack 398] Error Message Information Leak...")
    bridge = ProtocolBridgeSimulator()
    attack = ErrorLeakAttack()
    result = attack.execute(bridge)
    defense = ErrorLeakDefense(bridge)
    for i in range(6):
        defense.detect("probe_attacker", f"error_{i}")
    detected, alerts = defense.detect("probe_attacker", "final")
    results["398_error_leak"] = {"attack_result": result, "detected": detected, "alerts": alerts}
    print(f"  Success: {result['success']}, Detected: {detected}")

    # Attack 399
    print("\n[Attack 399] Bridge State Desync...")
    bridge = ProtocolBridgeSimulator()
    attack = BridgeDesyncAttack()
    result = attack.execute(bridge)
    defense = BridgeDesyncDefense(bridge)
    test_tx = BridgeTransaction(
        tx_id="desync_test", source_protocol=ProtocolType.WEB4_NATIVE, target_protocol=ProtocolType.ETHEREUM,
        source_credential=ProtocolCredential(
            protocol=ProtocolType.WEB4_NATIVE, credential_id="test", claims={},
            issued_at=datetime.now(), expires_at=datetime.now() + timedelta(days=1), trust_level=0.5
        ), operation="test", payload={}, timestamp=datetime.now() - timedelta(minutes=10)
    )
    defense.pending_confirmations["desync_test"] = test_tx
    detected, alerts = defense.detect(test_tx)
    results["399_bridge_desync"] = {"attack_result": result, "detected": detected, "alerts": alerts}
    print(f"  Success: {result['success']}, Detected: {detected}")

    # Attack 400
    print("\n[Attack 400] Protocol Downgrade Attack...")
    bridge = ProtocolBridgeSimulator()
    attack = ProtocolDowngradeAttack()
    result = attack.execute(bridge)
    defense = ProtocolDowngradeDefense(bridge)
    test_tx = BridgeTransaction(
        tx_id="downgrade_test", source_protocol=ProtocolType.ACT_CHAIN, target_protocol=ProtocolType.WEB4_NATIVE,
        source_credential=ProtocolCredential(
            protocol=ProtocolType.ACT_CHAIN, credential_id="test", claims={"version": "0.5"},
            issued_at=datetime.now(), expires_at=datetime.now() + timedelta(days=1), trust_level=0.5
        ), operation="test", payload={"compatibility_mode": "legacy"}, timestamp=datetime.now()
    )
    detected, alerts = defense.detect(test_tx)
    results["400_protocol_downgrade"] = {"attack_result": result, "detected": detected, "alerts": alerts}
    print(f"  Success: {result['success']}, Detected: {detected}")

    # Summary
    print("\n" + "=" * 70)
    print("TRACK FX SUMMARY")
    print("=" * 70)

    total_attacks = 6
    attacks_detected = sum(1 for r in results.values() if r.get("detected", False))
    detection_rate = attacks_detected / total_attacks * 100

    print(f"Total Attacks: {total_attacks}")
    print(f"Attacks Detected: {attacks_detected}")
    print(f"Detection Rate: {detection_rate:.1f}%")

    print("\n--- Key Insight ---")
    print("Cross-protocol bridges are critical attack surfaces.")
    print("Trust translation, timing, and protocol differences create")
    print("opportunities for inflation, replay, and state desync attacks.")

    results["summary"] = {"total_attacks": total_attacks, "attacks_detected": attacks_detected, "detection_rate": detection_rate}
    return results


if __name__ == "__main__":
    results = run_track_fx_simulations()