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newquestions/bayescoins/ExampleQuestion.tex

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P( C_{R} \vert 10H ) p( 10H )
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\text{,}
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\end{align*}
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but since this contains the probability we are trying to solve, so this line of thinking will lead to circular reasoning and is not helpful.
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but this is not helpful, as it contains the probability we are trying to determine and will lead to circular reasoning.
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You can expand denominator in
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\eqref{eq:1000coins:bayesexplain}
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using the law of total probability and considering all the possible ways you can see ten heads.
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using the law of total probability to consider all the possible ways you can see ten heads.
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Since you only have two types of coins---either a fair coin or a rigged one---there are only two ways ten heads can happen:
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\begin{align*}
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P( 10H ) =
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\end{align*}
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by applying the law of conditional probability to each of the terms.
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Combining the nominator and the denominator yields \eqref{eq:1000coins:bayeslaw1}.
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You could also opt for a visual explanation of Bayes' Law, such as the one in question \textcolor{red} {TODO: ref question}.
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This question uses Bayes' law as a starting to point to test your handle on important probability concepts and your ability to grapple with notation on-the-spot.
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It is easy to confuse the basic concepts or to forget some useful rules, which is another reason for doing proper interview preparation, no matter how smart you think you are.
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My interviewer used this Bayes' law question to test my handle on probability concepts.
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It is easy to confuse these basic concepts, which is another reason for doing proper interview preparation.
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Some interviewers ask this question and demand an ``intuitive'' solution that doesn't rely on algebraic manipulation.
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In this case, you could opt for a visual explanation of Bayes' Law, like that of answer \ref{a:bayeslawdisease}.
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If that's not what your interviewer wants, use the following argument.
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You know the probability of choosing the rigged coin is $1/1000$.
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You also know the probability of getting ten heads from a fair coin is $1/2^{10} = 1/1024$.
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These two events are about equally likely, meaning the probability that we have the double headed coin is about a half.
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If you only had nine heads in a row, the fair coin would give a probability of $1/512 = 2/1024$.
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That means the outcome of nine heads is about twice as likely with the fair coin as the probability of selecting the rigged coin.
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So the odds of ${fair}{:}{rigged}$ are $2{:}1$, leading you to assign a probability of about $1/3$ to the rigged coin being selected.
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%TODO: could link this up to section on gambling mathematics
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