diff --git a/.github/workflows/build-push.yml b/.github/workflows/build-push.yml
index 667ef1e34..d4e8175f5 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/build-push.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/build-push.yml
@@ -407,6 +407,15 @@ jobs:
           runner: ubuntu-latest
           PLATFORM: linux/amd64
           target: builder_concretization_default
+        - BUILD_IMAGE: eic_
+          BUILD_TYPE: default
+          BUILDER_IMAGE: cuda_devel
+          RUNTIME_IMAGE: cuda_devel
+          ENV: tf
+          arch: amd64
+          runner: ubuntu-latest
+          PLATFORM: linux/amd64
+          target: builder_concretization_default
       fail-fast: false
     steps:
       - name: Free Disk Space (Ubuntu)
diff --git a/containers/debian/Dockerfile b/containers/debian/Dockerfile
index 4546e083d..7a2bdbade 100644
--- a/containers/debian/Dockerfile
+++ b/containers/debian/Dockerfile
@@ -239,6 +239,7 @@ target=${target[${TARGETPLATFORM}]}
 spack config --scope site add "packages:all:require:[target=${target}]"
 spack config --scope site add "packages:all:target:[${target}]"
 spack config blame packages
+mkdir -p $HOME/.spack/  # workaround for Spack not creating config directory automatically in some versions (see https://github.com/spack/spack/issues/51564)
 spack config --scope user add "config:suppress_gpg_warnings:true"
 spack config --scope user add "config:build_jobs:${jobs}"
 spack config --scope user add "config:db_lock_timeout:${jobs}00"
diff --git a/containers/eic/Dockerfile b/containers/eic/Dockerfile
index 5be9e16af..bc8c4f554 100644
--- a/containers/eic/Dockerfile
+++ b/containers/eic/Dockerfile
@@ -46,6 +46,14 @@ ARG ENV=xl
 ENV SPACK_ENV=/opt/spack-environment/${ENV}
 ARG SPACK_FLAGS="--backtrace"
 ARG SPACK_INSTALL_FLAGS="--no-check-signature --show-log-on-error --yes-to-all"
+# The SPACK_DUPLICATE_ALLOWLIST specifies packages that are allowed to have duplicate concretizations.
+# This is necessary for certain packages (e.g., epic, llvm, py-setuptools, py-urllib3, py-dask) due to
+# their complex dependency trees or compatibility requirements. The new additions (py-dask-awkward,
+# py-dask-histogram, py-distributed, py-requests) are included because they may be required in multiple
+# versions or configurations by different packages in the environment, and allowing duplicates prevents
+# build failures or conflicts during concretization. This list should be reviewed periodically to ensure
+# only necessary packages are included.
+ARG SPACK_DUPLICATE_ALLOWLIST="epic|llvm|py-setuptools|py-urllib3|py-dask|py-dask-awkward|py-dask-histogram|py-distributed|py-requests"
 ENV SPACK_COLOR="always"
 ENV GIT_TERMINAL_PROMPT=0
 
@@ -57,7 +65,7 @@ spack external find --not-buildable --scope env:${SPACK_ENV} --path /usr/local/c
 spack external find --scope env:${SPACK_ENV} llvm
 spack concretize --force
 spack --color=never find --long --no-groups --show-concretized --format "{name}" \
-| uniq -D -f2 | grep -v -w -e "\(epic\|llvm\|py-setuptools\|py-urllib3\)" \
+| uniq -D -f2 | grep -Evw "(${SPACK_DUPLICATE_ALLOWLIST})" \
 | tee /tmp/duplicates.txt
 if [ -s /tmp/duplicates.txt ] ; then
   echo "Duplicate packages found"
@@ -194,7 +202,7 @@ if [ -n "${JUGGLER_SHA}" ] ; then
 fi
 spack concretize --force
 spack --color=never find --long --no-groups --show-concretized --format "{name}" \
-| uniq -D -f2 | grep -v -w -e "\(epic\|llvm\|py-setuptools\|py-urllib3\)" \
+| uniq -D -f2 | grep -Evw "(${SPACK_DUPLICATE_ALLOWLIST})" \
 | tee /tmp/duplicates.txt
 if [ -s /tmp/duplicates.txt ] ; then
   echo "Duplicate packages found"
diff --git a/spack-environment/ci/spack.yaml b/spack-environment/ci/spack.yaml
index 586aff5ff..38349bcaf 100644
--- a/spack-environment/ci/spack.yaml
+++ b/spack-environment/ci/spack.yaml
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ spack:
   include:
   - ../concretizer.yaml
   - ../packages.yaml
+  - ../packages_root_without_opengl.yaml
   - ../view.yaml
   specs:
   - acts
@@ -9,7 +10,7 @@ spack:
   - afterburner
   - cmake
   - covfie
-  - dd4hep -ddeve
+  - dd4hep
   - edm4hep
   - eigen
   - fastjet
@@ -67,7 +68,7 @@ spack:
   - py-toml
   - py-uproot
   - py-vector
-  - root -opengl -webgui
+  - root
   - snakemake
   - spdlog
   - xrootd
diff --git a/spack-environment/packages.yaml b/spack-environment/packages.yaml
index 91be0c278..b4d7fe769 100644
--- a/spack-environment/packages.yaml
+++ b/spack-environment/packages.yaml
@@ -265,7 +265,6 @@ packages:
     - +python
   llvm:
     require:
-    - ~gold
     - any_of: [~ipo, '@:']
   madx:
     require:
@@ -349,7 +348,10 @@ packages:
   pyrobird:
     require:
     - '@0.1.23:'
-    - +batch +xrootd
+    - +xrootd
+    - spec: ~batch
+      when: '@:0.2.6'
+      message: "through at least 0.2.6, +batch requires py-pyppeteer which requires py-urllib3@1"
   pythia8:
     require:
     - '@8.315'
@@ -378,6 +380,9 @@ packages:
   py-epic-capybara:
     require:
     - '@git.ef2a8790312b9b697655b28a07b353e601bfa3b8'
+  py-flatbuffers:
+    require:
+    - '@25.9.23:'
   py-hatchling:
     require:
     - '@1.27:'
diff --git a/spack-environment/packages_root_with_opengl.yaml b/spack-environment/packages_root_with_opengl.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..ced3cc10f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spack-environment/packages_root_with_opengl.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  root:
+    require:
+    - +opengl +webgui
diff --git a/spack-environment/packages_root_without_opengl.yaml b/spack-environment/packages_root_without_opengl.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..e57a100c9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/spack-environment/packages_root_without_opengl.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+packages:
+  root:
+    require:
+    - ~opengl ~webgui
diff --git a/spack-environment/xl/spack.yaml b/spack-environment/xl/spack.yaml
index 28ea008b5..a4bf66d97 100644
--- a/spack-environment/xl/spack.yaml
+++ b/spack-environment/xl/spack.yaml
@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@ spack:
   include:
   - ../concretizer.yaml
   - ../packages.yaml
+  - ../packages_root_with_opengl.yaml
   - ../view.yaml
   concretizer:
     unify: when_possible # multiple epic versions
@@ -23,7 +24,7 @@ spack:
   - cppcoro
   - dawn
   - dawncut
-  - dd4hep +ddeve
+  - dd4hep
   - east
   - edm4hep
   - eic-smear
@@ -117,7 +118,7 @@ spack:
   - py-wurlitzer
   - py-yapf
   - rivet
-  - root +opengl +webgui +x
+  - root
   - sherpa
   - simsipm
   - slurm sysconfdir=/etc/slurm
diff --git a/spack-packages.sh b/spack-packages.sh
index 14449e5bf..7fb8328d3 100644
--- a/spack-packages.sh
+++ b/spack-packages.sh
@@ -71,6 +71,7 @@ be6546b82b43d82edba804f1e362a709809ba537
 f5742718da7bd1d078ddc8423011a82ef2e3c759
 56e5282f7ef78180895b5d99db57d2a166b6d0e1
 922b2f6011dbf01aebb332a1ebf949b105c74247
+2ba80e697faf80613b038615b2345b7a777cc438
 ---
 ## Optional hash table with comma-separated file list
 ## For these commits, the cherry-pick will be restricted to the listed files only.
@@ -147,4 +148,5 @@ read -r -d '' SPACKPACKAGES_CHERRYPICKS_FILES <<- \
 ## be6546b82b43d82edba804f1e362a709809ba537: gaudi: allow newer fmt for v39
 ## f5742718da7bd1d078ddc8423011a82ef2e3c759: gaudi: workaround test-dependency bug with a when
 ## 56e5282f7ef78180895b5d99db57d2a166b6d0e1: celeritas: new versions 0.6.1, 0.6.2
-## 922b2f6011dbf01aebb332a1ebf949b105c74247: celeritas: add v0.6.3
\ No newline at end of file
+## 922b2f6011dbf01aebb332a1ebf949b105c74247: celeritas: add v0.6.3
+## 2ba80e697faf80613b038615b2345b7a777cc438: py-flatbuffers: add v25.9.23
diff --git a/spack.sh b/spack.sh
index 45e5a83f1..5aedca8e5 100644
--- a/spack.sh
+++ b/spack.sh
@@ -3,7 +3,7 @@ SPACK_ORGREPO="spack/spack"
 
 ## Spack github version, e.g. v0.18.1 or commit hash
 ## note: nightly builds will use e.g. releases/v1.0
-SPACK_VERSION="v1.0.2"
+SPACK_VERSION="v1.1.0"
 
 ## Space-separated list of spack cherry-picks
 read -r -d '' SPACK_CHERRYPICKS <<- \