diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/HIR/HIR.ts b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/HIR/HIR.ts
index 991ac9e72d16c..64d51cf72376b 100644
--- a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/HIR/HIR.ts
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/HIR/HIR.ts
@@ -1434,6 +1434,46 @@ export const ValueKindSchema = z.enum([
   ValueKind.Context,
 ]);
 
+export type AliasingEffect =
+  /**
+   * Freezes the operand if not already frozen
+   */
+  | {kind: 'Freeze'; place: Place}
+  /**
+   * Known mutation of a value, which may effect that value or values that it contains.
+   * This is rare!
+   */
+  | {kind: 'MutateTransitive'; place: Place}
+  /**
+   * Known mutation of a specific value, targeting only that specific value but not
+   * values that it contains.
+   *
+   * Example: `array.push(item)` mutates the array but does not mutate items stored in the array.
+   */
+  | {kind: 'MutateLocal'; place: Place}
+  /**
+   * Possible mutation of a specific value
+   */
+  | {kind: 'ConditionallyMutate'; place: Place}
+  /**
+   * Direct aliasing of one identifier by another identifier
+   * Examples: `x = y` (from y -> to x) or phis (from operand -> to phi)
+   */
+  | {kind: 'Alias'; from: Place; to: Place}
+  /**
+   * Direct aliasing of an identifier (or a sub-path), or storing a value/sub-path
+   * into a part of another object.
+   *
+   * One of from.path and/or to.path must be non-null (else this is equivalent to Alias)
+   */
+  | {
+      kind: 'Capture';
+      from: {place: Place; path: '*' | null};
+      to: {place: Place; path: '*' | null};
+    }
+  // Known mutation of a global
+  | {kind: 'MutateGlobal'; place: Place};
+
 // The effect with which a value is modified.
 export enum Effect {
   // Default value: not allowed after lifetime inference
diff --git a/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Inference/InferMutationAliasingEffects.ts b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Inference/InferMutationAliasingEffects.ts
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..449b69c3cde88
--- /dev/null
+++ b/compiler/packages/babel-plugin-react-compiler/src/Inference/InferMutationAliasingEffects.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,248 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+import {CompilerError} from '..';
+import {
+  AliasingEffect,
+  HIRFunction,
+  Instruction,
+  isArrayType,
+  isMapType,
+  isSetType,
+  Place,
+} from '../HIR';
+import {
+  eachInstructionValueLValue,
+  eachInstructionValueOperand,
+} from '../HIR/visitors';
+import {Result} from '../Utils/Result';
+
+export function inferMutationAliasingEffects(
+  fn: HIRFunction,
+): Result<Array<AliasingEffect>, CompilerError> {}
+
+function computeEffectsForInstruction(
+  instr: Instruction,
+): Array<AliasingEffect> {
+  const {lvalue, value} = instr;
+  const effects: Array<AliasingEffect> = [];
+  switch (value.kind) {
+    case 'ArrayExpression': {
+      // All elements are captured into part of the output value
+      for (const element of value.elements) {
+        let operand: Place;
+        if (element.kind === 'Identifier') {
+          operand = element;
+        } else if (element.kind === 'Spread') {
+          operand = element.place;
+        } else {
+          continue;
+        }
+        effects.push({
+          kind: 'Capture',
+          from: {place: operand, path: null},
+          to: {place: lvalue, path: '*'},
+        });
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'ObjectExpression': {
+      for (const property of value.properties) {
+        const operand =
+          property.kind === 'ObjectProperty' ? property.place : property.place;
+        effects.push({
+          kind: 'Capture',
+          from: {place: operand, path: null},
+          to: {place: lvalue, path: '*'},
+        });
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'Await': {
+      // Potentially mutates the receiver (awaiting it changes its state and can run side effects)
+      effects.push({kind: 'ConditionallyMutate', place: value.value});
+      /**
+       * Data from the promise may be returned into the result, but await does not directly return
+       * the promise itself
+       */
+      effects.push({
+        kind: 'Capture',
+        from: {place: value.value, path: '*'},
+        to: {place: lvalue, path: null},
+      });
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'MethodCall':
+    case 'NewExpression':
+    case 'CallExpression': {
+      // TODO
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'PropertyDelete':
+    case 'ComputedDelete': {
+      // Mutates the object by removing the property, no aliasing
+      effects.push({kind: 'MutateLocal', place: value.object});
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'PropertyLoad':
+    case 'ComputedLoad': {
+      effects.push({
+        kind: 'Capture',
+        from: {place: value.object, path: '*'},
+        to: {place: lvalue, path: null},
+      });
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'PropertyStore':
+    case 'ComputedStore': {
+      effects.push({kind: 'MutateLocal', place: value.object});
+      effects.push({
+        kind: 'Capture',
+        from: {place: value.value, path: null},
+        to: {place: value.object, path: '*'},
+      });
+      effects.push({kind: 'Alias', from: value.value, to: lvalue});
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'PostfixUpdate':
+    case 'PrefixUpdate': {
+      effects.push({kind: 'MutateLocal', place: value.value});
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'ObjectMethod':
+    case 'FunctionExpression': {
+      // TODO: effects.push(...value.loweredFunc.func.aliasEffects)
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'GetIterator': {
+      if (
+        isArrayType(value.collection.identifier) ||
+        isMapType(value.collection.identifier) ||
+        isSetType(value.collection.identifier)
+      ) {
+        /*
+         * Builtin collections are known to return a fresh iterator on each call,
+         * so the iterator does not alias the collection
+         */
+        effects.push({
+          kind: 'Capture',
+          from: {place: value.collection, path: '*'},
+          to: {place: lvalue, path: '*'},
+        });
+      } else {
+        /*
+         * Otherwise, the object may return itself as the iterator, so we have to
+         * assume that the result directly aliases the collection. Further, the
+         * method to get the iterator could potentially mutate the collection
+         */
+        effects.push({kind: 'Alias', from: value.collection, to: lvalue});
+        effects.push({kind: 'ConditionallyMutate', place: value.collection});
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'IteratorNext': {
+      /*
+       * Technically advancing an iterator will always mutate it (for any reasonable implementation)
+       * But because we create an alias from the collection to the iterator if we don't know the type,
+       * then it's possible the iterator is aliased to a frozen value and we wouldn't want to error.
+       * so we mark this as conditional mutation to allow iterating frozen values.
+       */
+      effects.push({kind: 'ConditionallyMutate', place: value.iterator});
+      // Extracts part of the original collection into the result
+      effects.push({
+        kind: 'Capture',
+        from: {place: value.iterator, path: '*'},
+        to: {place: lvalue, path: null},
+      });
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'NextPropertyOf': {
+      // TODO
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'JsxExpression':
+    case 'JsxFragment': {
+      for (const operand of eachInstructionValueOperand(value)) {
+        effects.push({kind: 'Freeze', place: operand});
+        effects.push({
+          kind: 'Capture',
+          from: {place: operand, path: null},
+          to: {place: lvalue, path: '*'},
+        });
+      }
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'DeclareContext':
+    case 'DeclareLocal': {
+      // no effects
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'Destructure': {
+      for (const patternLValue of eachInstructionValueLValue(value)) {
+        effects.push({
+          kind: 'Capture',
+          from: {place: value.value, path: '*'},
+          to: {place: patternLValue, path: null},
+        });
+      }
+      effects.push({kind: 'Alias', from: value.value, to: lvalue});
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'LoadContext': {
+      effects.push({
+        kind: 'Capture',
+        from: {place: value.place, path: '*'},
+        to: {place: lvalue, path: null},
+      });
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'LoadLocal': {
+      effects.push({kind: 'Alias', from: value.place, to: lvalue});
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'StoreContext': {
+      effects.push({kind: 'MutateLocal', place: value.lvalue.place});
+      effects.push({
+        kind: 'Capture',
+        from: {place: value.value, path: null},
+        to: {place: value.lvalue.place, path: '*'},
+      });
+      effects.push({kind: 'Alias', from: value.value, to: lvalue});
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'StoreGlobal': {
+      effects.push({kind: 'MutateGlobal', place: value.value});
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'StoreLocal': {
+      effects.push({kind: 'Alias', from: value.value, to: value.lvalue.place});
+      effects.push({kind: 'Alias', from: value.value, to: lvalue});
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'TypeCastExpression': {
+      effects.push({kind: 'Alias', from: value.value, to: lvalue});
+      break;
+    }
+    case 'BinaryExpression':
+    case 'Debugger':
+    case 'FinishMemoize':
+    case 'JSXText':
+    case 'LoadGlobal':
+    case 'MetaProperty':
+    case 'Primitive':
+    case 'RegExpLiteral':
+    case 'StartMemoize':
+    case 'TaggedTemplateExpression':
+    case 'TemplateLiteral':
+    case 'UnaryExpression':
+    case 'UnsupportedNode': {
+      // no effects
+      break;
+    }
+  }
+  return effects;
+}