L-KAT-RW: ch_27.tex Related Work patch (KART × KAN × Trinity GF16) — parent #572

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Lane: L-KAT-RW · Related Work patch on ch_27.tex
Parent epic: #572
Anchor: φ² + φ⁻² = 3 · DOI 10.5281/zenodo.19227877

Scope (additive only)

• docs/phd/chapters/ch_27.tex — new section "8. Related Work: From Real Splines to Finite-Field KART" with three subsections (KART, KAN, Trinity GF16 dual) + Table 27.4 parameter footprint.
• Bibliography entries for kolmogorov1957superposition, arnold1963superposition, liu2024kan (already merged via docs(phd): L-KAT-BIB — KART + KAN bibliography (closes #573) #581 L-KAT-BIB).

Acceptance gates (R5-honest)

• Three new \cite{} cite-blocks in ch_27.tex resolving to AMS/ICLR-Q1 sources
• Memory-advantage claim restricted to literal 4× (256 bits/KAN-knot vs 64 bits/16-GF16-cell at n=8)
• No KART-as-theorem inside Trinity (KART cited as axiom under \admittedbox{})
• No prune_threshold = 2.65, no warmup < 4000, no d_model < 256 regressions

PR: #584