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diff --git a/Jakob/Exercise 1/Exercise1.Rmd b/Jakob/Exercise 1/Exercise1.Rmd
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+---
+title: "Exercise 1 - Reproducible Programming"
+author: "Jakob Nolte"
+date: "Sep 18, 2022"
+output: html_notebook
+---
+
+```{r}
+set.seed(123)
+```
+
+# 1. Perform a simulation that does the following:
+
+## a. Sample 100 samples from a standard normal distribution.
+
+```{r}
+library(plyr)
+samples <- rlply(100, rnorm(1000, 0, 1))
+```
+
+## b. For each of these samples, calculate the following statistics for the mean:
+
+- absolute bias,
+- standard error,
+- lower bound of the 95% confidence interval,
+- and upper bound of the 95% confidence interval
+
+```{r}
+sim.stats <- function(x){
+ mean <- mean(x)
+ se <- 1/sqrt(length(x))
+ df <- length(x) - 1
+ tscore <- qt(.975, df) * se
+ return(c(mean, mean - 0, se, mean - tscore, mean + tscore))
+}
+format <- c("Mean" = 0, "Bias" = 0, "Std.Err" = 0, "Lower" = 0, "Upper" = 0)
+```
+
+```{r}
+library(dplyr)
+results <- samples %>%
+ vapply(., sim.stats, format) %>%
+ t() %>%
+ as.data.frame() %>%
+ mutate(Included = Lower < 0 & 0 < Upper)
+```
+
+95 out of 100 samples include the true population value.
+
+```{r}
+colMeans(results)
+```
+
+## c. Create a plot that demonstrates the simulation results.
+
+```{r}
+library(ggplot2)
+limits <- aes(ymax = results$Upper, ymin = results$Lower)
+ggplot(results, aes(x=1:nrow(results), y=Mean, colour=Included)) +
+ geom_hline(aes(yintercept=0), color="black") +
+ geom_pointrange(limits) +
+ xlab("Simulated Samples") +
+ ylab("Means and 95% Confidence Intervals")
+```
+
+## d. Present a table containing all simulated samples for which the resulting confidence interval does not contain the population value.
+
+```{r}
+library(kableExtra)
+table <- results[!results$Included, ]
+kable(table[,1:5], "html") %>%
+ kable_styling(full_width = FALSE)
+```
+
diff --git a/Jakob/Exercise 1/Exercise1.nb.html b/Jakob/Exercise 1/Exercise1.nb.html
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diff --git a/Jakob/Exercise 2/Exercise2.Rmd b/Jakob/Exercise 2/Exercise2.Rmd
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/Jakob/Exercise 2/Exercise2.Rmd
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+---
+title: "Exercise 2 - Reproducible Programming"
+author: "Jakob Nolte"
+date: "Sep 28, 2022"
+output: html_notebook
+---
+
+The given document simulates the analysis from a randomized control trial. Specifically, it fits a linear model explaining the trial's outcome as a function of its treatment and the patient's baseline score.
+
+```{r simulation}
+set.seed(123) # set the seed for comparison
+n <- 500 # total sample size
+treatment <- rbinom(n,1,0.3) # simulate treatment variable
+baseline <- rnorm(n,30,5) # simulate confounding variable
+outcome <- 25 + 3.8*treatment + 1.2*baseline + rnorm(n,0,5) # compute outcome as function of predictors and random noise
+data <- data.frame(outcome, treatment, baseline) # store variables in a data frame
+```
+
+```{r}
+summary(lm(outcome ~ treatment + confounder, data=data)) # compute the treatment's effect
+```
+
+```{r}
+plot(x=data$baseline, y=data$outcome, col=(data$treatment+1),
+ xlab="baseline", ylab="outcome") # plot the treatment's effect
+```
+
+```{r}
+sessionInfo() # display session info
+```
+
diff --git a/Jakob/Exercise 2/Exercise2.nb.html b/Jakob/Exercise 2/Exercise2.nb.html
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+
The given document simulates the analysis from a randomized control trial. Specifically, it fits a linear model explaining the trial’s outcome as a function of its treatment and the patient’s baseline score.
+
+
+
+
set.seed(123) # set the seed for comparison
+n <- 500 # total sample size
+treatment <- rbinom(n,1,0.3) # simulate treatment variable
+baseline <- rnorm(n,30,5) # simulate confounding variable
+outcome <- 25 + 3.8*treatment + 1.2*baseline + rnorm(n,0,5) # compute outcome as function of predictors and random noise
+data <- data.frame(outcome, treatment, baseline) # store variables in a data frame
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
summary(lm(outcome ~ treatment + confounder, data=data)) # compute the treatment's effect
+
+
+
+Call:
+lm(formula = outcome ~ treatment + confounder, data = data)
+
+Residuals:
+ Min 1Q Median 3Q Max
+-12.9112 -3.4668 -0.0717 2.9963 15.7807
+
+Coefficients:
+ Estimate Std. Error t value Pr(>|t|)
+(Intercept) 25.40593 1.38820 18.301 < 2e-16 ***
+treatment 3.90675 0.50365 7.757 4.98e-14 ***
+confounder 1.18925 0.04532 26.241 < 2e-16 ***
+---
+Signif. codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘.’ 0.1 ‘ ’ 1
+
+Residual standard error: 5.088 on 497 degrees of freedom
+Multiple R-squared: 0.6036, Adjusted R-squared: 0.602
+F-statistic: 378.3 on 2 and 497 DF, p-value: < 2.2e-16
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
plot(x=data$baseline, y=data$outcome, col=(data$treatment+1),
+ xlab="baseline", ylab="outcome") # plot the treatment's effect
+
+
+

+
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+
+
+
+
+
sessionInfo() # display session info
+
+
+
R version 4.1.2 (2021-11-01)
+Platform: x86_64-apple-darwin17.0 (64-bit)
+Running under: macOS Catalina 10.15.7
+
+Matrix products: default
+BLAS: /System/Library/Frameworks/Accelerate.framework/Versions/A/Frameworks/vecLib.framework/Versions/A/libBLAS.dylib
+LAPACK: /Library/Frameworks/R.framework/Versions/4.1/Resources/lib/libRlapack.dylib
+
+locale:
+[1] de_DE.UTF-8/de_DE.UTF-8/de_DE.UTF-8/C/de_DE.UTF-8/de_DE.UTF-8
+
+attached base packages:
+[1] stats graphics grDevices utils datasets methods base
+
+loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
+ [1] digest_0.6.29 R6_2.5.1 jsonlite_1.7.3 magrittr_2.0.2 evaluate_0.14 stringi_1.7.6 rlang_1.0.1 cli_3.1.1 jquerylib_0.1.4
+[10] bslib_0.3.1 rmarkdown_2.11 tools_4.1.2 stringr_1.4.0 xfun_0.29 yaml_2.2.2 fastmap_1.1.0 compiler_4.1.2 htmltools_0.5.2
+[19] knitr_1.37 sass_0.4.0
+
+
+
+
+
+
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diff --git a/Jakob/Exercise 3/.DS_Store b/Jakob/Exercise 3/.DS_Store
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diff --git a/Jakob/Exercise 3/beamer_markup2022.pdf b/Jakob/Exercise 3/beamer_markup2022.pdf
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diff --git a/Jakob/Exercise 3/markup2022.tex b/Jakob/Exercise 3/markup2022.tex
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@@ -0,0 +1,141 @@
+\documentclass[9pt]{beamer}
+\usetheme{Rochester}
+\usecolortheme{wolverine}
+
+\usepackage[nodisplayskipstretch]{setspace}
+\usepackage{amsmath}
+\usepackage{hyperref}
+
+\hypersetup{
+ colorlinks=true,
+}
+
+% title page
+\setbeamerfont{title}{size=\large}
+\title{Example document to recreate with beamer in \LaTeX}
+\author{Jakob Nolte}
+\date{FALL 2022 \\
+Markup Languages and Reproducible Programming in Statistics}
+
+\begin{document}
+
+\frame{\titlepage}
+
+% table of contents
+\section*{Outline}
+{
+\setbeamerfont{frametitle}{size=\large}
+\setbeamertemplate{sections/subsections in toc}[default]
+\begin{frame}
+ \frametitle{Outline}
+ \hypersetup{linkcolor=black}
+ \tableofcontents %
+\end{frame}
+}
+
+% slide 1
+\section{Working with equations}
+{
+\setbeamerfont{frametitle}{size=\large}
+\setstretch{0.5}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Working with equations}
+
+We define a set of equations as \\
+\begin{equation}
+ a = b + c^2,
+\end{equation}
+\begin{equation}
+ a - c^2 = b,
+\end{equation}
+\begin{equation}
+ \text{left side} = \text{right side},
+\end{equation}
+\begin{equation}
+ \text{left side + something} \geq \text{right side},
+\end{equation}
+for all something $>$ 0.
+
+\end{frame}
+}
+
+% slide 2
+\subsection{Aligning the same equations}
+{
+\setbeamerfont{frametitle}{size=\large}
+\setstretch{0.5}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Aligning the same equations}
+
+Aligning the equations by the equal sign gives a much better view into the placements of the separate equation components. \\
+\begin{align}
+ a &= b + c^2, \\
+ a - c^2 &= b, \\
+ \text{left side} &= \text{right side}, \\
+ \text{left side + something} &\geq \text{right side},
+\end{align}
+for all something $>$ 0.
+
+\end{frame}
+}
+
+% slide 3
+\subsection{Omit equation numbering}
+{
+\setbeamerfont{frametitle}{size=\large}
+\setstretch{0.5}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Omit equation numbering}
+
+Alternatively, the equation numbering can be omitted. \\
+\begin{align}
+ a &= b + c^2, \notag\\
+ a - c^2 &= b, \notag\\
+ \text{left side} &= \text{right side}, \notag\\
+ \text{left side + something} &\geq \text{right side}, \notag
+\end{align}
+for all something $>$ 0.
+
+\end{frame}
+}
+
+% slide 4
+\subsection{Ugly alignment}
+{
+\setbeamerfont{frametitle}{size=\large}
+\setstretch{0.5}
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Ugly alignment}
+
+Some components do not look well, when aligned. Especially equations with different heights and spacing. For example, \\
+\begin{align}
+ E &= mc^2, \\
+ m &= \frac{E}{c^2}, \\
+ c &= \sqrt{\frac{E}{c^2}}.
+\end{align}
+Take that into account.
+
+\end{frame}
+}
+
+% discussion
+\section{Discussion}
+{
+\setbeamerfont{frametitle}{size=\large}
+\setstretch{0.5}
+\setbeamertemplate{itemize items}[triangle]
+\begin{frame}
+\frametitle{Discussion}
+
+This is where you’d normally give your audience a recap of your talk, where you could discuss e.g. the following:
+\begin{itemize}
+ \item Your main findings
+ \item The consequences of your main findings
+ \item Things to do
+ \item Any other business not currently investigated, but related to your talk
+\end{itemize}
+
+\end{frame}
+}
+
+\end{document}
diff --git a/Jakob/Exercise 5/.DS_Store b/Jakob/Exercise 5/.DS_Store
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diff --git a/Jakob/Exercise 5/UU_logo.png b/Jakob/Exercise 5/UU_logo.png
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diff --git a/Jakob/Exercise 5/exercise5.Rmd b/Jakob/Exercise 5/exercise5.Rmd
new file mode 100644
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+++ b/Jakob/Exercise 5/exercise5.Rmd
@@ -0,0 +1,131 @@
+---
+title: "Has Hollywood Become more Sexist?"
+subtitle: "Investigating the Gender Bias in Movie Production Budgets"
+author: "Jakob Nolte"
+date: "January 10, 2023"
+output:
+ ioslides_presentation:
+ logo: UU_logo.png
+ widescreen: default
+ citation_package: natbib
+bibliography: exercise5.bib
+---
+
+```{r attach required libraries, include=FALSE}
+library(dplyr)
+library(tidyverse)
+library(ggplot2)
+```
+
+```{r data preparation 1, include=FALSE}
+setwd("/Users/noltinho/Desktop/Jakob/Uni/Master/2. Semester/Bayesian Statistics/Assignment")
+movie.data <- read.csv("movies.csv", na.strings=c("","NA"))
+actor.data <- read.csv("oscar.csv", na.strings=c("","NA"))
+```
+
+```{r data preparation 2, include=FALSE}
+movie.data <- movie.data %>%
+ rename(title = name,
+ main_actor = star) %>%
+ na.exclude() %>%
+ mutate(budget_log = log(budget),
+ budget_log_mc = budget_log - mean(budget_log),
+ gross_log = log(gross),
+ year_1980 = (year - 1980)/10,
+ genre_action = ifelse(genre == "Action",1,0)) %>%
+ dplyr::select(title, genre, genre_action, year, year_1980, score, votes, main_actor, budget, budget_log, budget_log_mc, gross, gross_log)
+```
+
+```{r data preparation 3, include=FALSE}
+actor.data <- actor.data %>%
+ mutate(gender_main_chr = if_else(str_detect(actor.data$category, "ACTOR"),0,1)) %>%
+ rename(main_actor = name) %>%
+ dplyr::select(main_actor, gender_main_chr) %>%
+ distinct(main_actor, .keep_all = TRUE)
+```
+
+```{r data preparation 4, include=FALSE}
+data <- merge(movie.data, actor.data, by="main_actor")
+data <- data %>%
+ mutate(decade = case_when(
+ year >= 1980 & year < 1990 ~ 1,
+ year >= 1990 & year < 2000 ~ 2,
+ year >= 2000 & year < 2010 ~ 3,
+ year >= 2010 & year <= 2020 ~ 4)) %>%
+ group_by(decade) %>%
+ mutate(decade_prop = sum(gender_main_chr)/length(gender_main_chr))
+```
+
+## What the Research says {.smaller}
+
+- @erighaRaceGenderHollywood2015 finds that despite overall trends towards diversification, blockbuster movies have seen a decrease in female protagonists.
+
+- @lindnerMillionDollarMaybe2015 assess that the trend has worsened since the early 2000s.
+
+
+## Investigating the Trend over Time using the IMdB Database {.smaller}
+
+```{r, echo=FALSE, message=FALSE, warning=FALSE}
+#install.packages("DT")
+library(DT)
+datatable(data[c(1:3,5,9)], options = list(pageLength = 5))
+```
+
+
+## Modeling the Trend over Time {.smaller}
+
+$$
+\begin{aligned}
+ln(Budget_i) &= \beta_0 + \beta_1Time + \beta_2Gender_i + e_i \\
+Budget_i &= e^{\beta_0 + \beta_1Time + \beta_2Gender_i + e_i}
+\end{aligned}
+$$
+
+## Modeling the Trend over Time using R {.smaller}
+
+```{r, message=FALSE}
+# the code fits a regression line per group
+reg <- lm(budget_log ~ year_1980 * gender_main_chr, data=data)
+```
+
+
+## Female Actors are indeed increasingly discriminated against {.smaller}
+
+```{r, echo=FALSE}
+summary(reg)
+```
+
+
+## Displaying the Trend visually {.smaller}
+
+```{r, message=FALSE, echo=FALSE, fig.cap="Figure 1: Increase in Movie Production Budgets over Time by Gender (interactive view)"}
+#install.packages("plotly")
+library(plotly)
+movie_plot <- ggplot(data, aes(x = year, y = budget_log, color = factor(gender_main_chr))) +
+ geom_point() +
+ geom_smooth(method = "lm", fill = NA) +
+ labs(x="Year of Release",
+ y="Production Budget (log)") +
+ scale_colour_discrete(name="Main Characters\nGender",
+ breaks=c(0,1),
+ labels=c("Male","Female"))
+ggplotly(movie_plot)
+```
+
+
+## Interpreting the Results
+
+
+```{r, message=FALSE, echo=FALSE, fig.width=4, fig.height=3}
+movie_plot + theme(legend.position="bottom")
+```
+
+
+- The data supports previous research findings.
+- Over time, the gap in movie production budgets between genders has worsened.
+
+
+
+## References
+
+
diff --git a/Jakob/Exercise 5/exercise5.bib b/Jakob/Exercise 5/exercise5.bib
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..78ee792
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Jakob/Exercise 5/exercise5.bib
@@ -0,0 +1,5511 @@
+@misc{873998340Pdf,
+ title = {873998340.Pdf},
+ howpublished = {https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/161516/1/873998340.pdf},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/CGTPTFVG/873998340.pdf}
+}
+
+@incollection{acemogluChapter21Democracy2015,
+ title = {Chapter 21 - {{Democracy}}, {{Redistribution}}, and {{Inequality}}},
+ booktitle = {Handbook of {{Income Distribution}}},
+ author = {Acemoglu, Daron and Naidu, Suresh and Restrepo, Pascual and Robinson, James A.},
+ editor = {Atkinson, Anthony B. and Bourguignon, Fran{\c c}ois},
+ year = {2015},
+ month = jan,
+ series = {Handbook of {{Income Distribution}}},
+ volume = {2},
+ pages = {1885--1966},
+ publisher = {{Elsevier}},
+ doi = {10.1016/B978-0-444-59429-7.00022-4},
+ abstract = {In this paper we revisit the relationship between democracy, redistribution, and inequality. We first explain the theoretical reasons why democracy is expected to increase redistribution and reduce inequality, and why this expectation may fail to be realized when democracy is captured by the richer segments of the population; when it caters to the preferences of the middle class; or when it opens up disequalizing opportunities to segments of the population previously excluded from such activities, thus exacerbating inequality among a large part of the population. We then survey the existing empirical literature, which is both voluminous and full of contradictory results. We provide new and systematic reduced-form evidence on the dynamic impact of democracy on various outcomes. Our findings indicate that there is a significant and robust effect of democracy on tax revenues as a fraction of GDP, but no robust impact on inequality. We also find that democracy is associated with an increase in secondary schooling and a more rapid structural transformation. Finally, we provide some evidence suggesting that inequality tends to increase after democratization when the economy has already undergone significant structural transformation, when land inequality is high, and when the gap between the middle class and the poor is small. All of these are broadly consistent with a view that is different from the traditional median voter model of democratic redistribution: democracy does not lead to a uniform decline in post-tax inequality, but can result in changes in fiscal redistribution and economic structure that have ambiguous effects on inequality.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Democracy,Education,Inequality,O10,P16,Political development,Redistribution,Structural transformation},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/DZ38QFAQ/Acemoglu et al. - 2015 - Chapter 21 - Democracy, Redistribution, and Inequa.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/GSWL3QLE/B9780444594297000224.html}
+}
+
+@article{afsharHandcraftedDeepLearningBasedCancer2019,
+ title = {From {{Handcrafted}} to {{Deep-Learning-Based Cancer Radiomics}}: {{Challenges}} and {{Opportunities}}},
+ shorttitle = {From {{Handcrafted}} to {{Deep-Learning-Based Cancer Radiomics}}},
+ author = {Afshar, Parnian and Mohammadi, Arash and Plataniotis, Konstantinos N. and Oikonomou, Anastasia and Benali, Habib},
+ year = {2019},
+ month = jul,
+ journal = {IEEE Signal Processing Magazine},
+ volume = {36},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {132--160},
+ issn = {1558-0792},
+ doi = {10.1109/MSP.2019.2900993},
+ abstract = {Recent advancements in signal processing (SP) and machine learning, coupled with electronic medical record keeping in hospitals and the availability of extensive sets of medical images through internal/external communication systems, have resulted in a recent surge of interest in radiomics. Radiomics, an emerging and relatively new research field, refers to extracting semiquantitative and/or quantitative features from medical images with the goal of developing predictive and/or prognostic models. In the near future, it is expected to be a critical component for integrating image-derived information used for personalized treatment. The conventional radiomics workflow is typically based on extracting predesigned features (also referred to as handcrafted or engineered features) from a segmented region of interest (ROI). Nevertheless, recent advancements in deep learning have inspired trends toward deep-learning-based radiomics (DLRs) (also referred to as discovery radiomics). In addition to the advantages of these two approaches, there are also hybrid solutions that exploit the potential of multiple data sources. Considering the variety of approaches to radiomics, further improvements require a comprehensive and integrated sketch, which is the goal of this article. This article provides a unique interdisciplinary perspective on radiomics by discussing state-of-the-art SP solutions in the context of radiomics.},
+ keywords = {Cancer,Deep learning,Feature extraction,Machine learning,Medical diagnostic imaging,Predictive models,Tumors},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/D7IN5RU3/Afshar et al. - 2019 - From Handcrafted to Deep-Learning-Based Cancer Rad.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{ahnDeepLearningHepatocellular2021,
+ title = {Deep Learning in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: {{Current}} Status and Future Perspectives},
+ shorttitle = {Deep Learning in Hepatocellular Carcinoma},
+ author = {Ahn, Joseph C and Qureshi, Touseef Ahmad and Singal, Amit G and Li, Debiao and Yang, Ju-Dong},
+ year = {2021},
+ month = dec,
+ journal = {World Journal of Hepatology},
+ volume = {13},
+ number = {12},
+ pages = {2039--2051},
+ issn = {1948-5182},
+ doi = {10.4254/wjh.v13.i12.2039},
+ abstract = {Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the leading causes of cancer incidence and death. Despite decades of research and development of new treatment options, the overall outcomes of patients with HCC continue to remain poor. There are areas of unmet need in risk prediction, early diagnosis, accurate prognostication, and individualized treatments for patients with HCC. Recent years have seen an explosive growth in the application of artificial intelligence (AI) technology in medical research, with the field of HCC being no exception. Among the various AI-based machine learning algorithms, deep learning algorithms are considered state-of-the-art techniques for handling and processing complex multimodal data ranging from routine clinical variables to high-resolution medical images. This article will provide a comprehensive review of the recently published studies that have applied deep learning for risk prediction, diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment planning for patients with HCC.},
+ pmcid = {PMC8727204},
+ pmid = {35070007},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/TGH2J2IE/Ahn et al. - 2021 - Deep learning in hepatocellular carcinoma Current.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{ahnDeepLearningHepatocellular2021a,
+ title = {Deep Learning in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: {{Current}} Status and Future Perspectives},
+ shorttitle = {Deep Learning in Hepatocellular Carcinoma},
+ author = {Ahn, Joseph C. and Qureshi, Touseef Ahmad and Singal, Amit G. and Li, Debiao and Yang, Ju-Dong},
+ year = {2021},
+ month = dec,
+ journal = {World Journal of Hepatology},
+ volume = {13},
+ number = {12},
+ pages = {2039--2051},
+ publisher = {{Baishideng Publishing Group Inc.}},
+ doi = {10.4254/wjh.v13.i12.2039},
+ abstract = {Deep learning in hepatocellular carcinoma: Current status and future perspectives},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/JG39U8LX/Ahn et al. - 2021 - Deep learning in hepatocellular carcinoma Current.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/436DR54T/2039.html}
+}
+
+@article{alesinaFairnessRedistribution2005,
+ title = {Fairness and {{Redistribution}}},
+ author = {Alesina, Alberto and Angeletos, George-Marios},
+ year = {2005},
+ month = sep,
+ journal = {American Economic Review},
+ volume = {95},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {960--980},
+ issn = {0002-8282},
+ doi = {10.1257/0002828054825655},
+ abstract = {Different beliefs about the fairness of social competition and what determines income inequality influence the redistributive policy chosen in a society. But the composition of income in equilibrium depends on tax policies. We show how the interaction between social beliefs and welfare policies may lead to multiple equilibria or multiple steady states. If a society believes that individual effort determines income, and that all have a right to enjoy the fruits of their effort, it will choose low redistribution and low taxes. In equilibrium, effort will be high and the role of luck will be limited, in which case market outcomes will be relatively fair and social beliefs will be self-fulfilled. If, instead, a society believes that luck, birth, connections, and/or corruption determine wealth, it will levy high taxes, thus distorting allocations and making these beliefs self-sustained as well. These insights may help explain the cross-country variation in perceptions about income inequality and choices of redistributive policies.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Environmental Taxes and Subsidies,Personal Income; Wealth; and Their Distributions; Fiscal Policy; Taxation and Subsidies: Externalities,Redistributive Effects},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/KTJDARXU/articles.html}
+}
+
+@book{alesinaFightingPovertyUS2004,
+ title = {Fighting {{Poverty}} in the {{US}} and {{Europe}}: {{A World}} of {{Difference}}},
+ shorttitle = {Fighting {{Poverty}} in the {{US}} and {{Europe}}},
+ author = {Alesina, Alberto and Glaeser, Edward and Glaeser, Edward Ludwig},
+ year = {2004},
+ publisher = {{OUP Oxford}},
+ abstract = {As events highlight deep divisions in attitudes between America and Europe, this is a very timely study of different approaches to the problems of domestic inequality and poverty. Based on careful and systematic analysis of national data, the authors describe just how much the two continents differ in their level of State engagement in the redistribution of income. Discussing various possible economic explanations for the difference, they cover different levels of pre-tax income, openness, and social mobility; they survey politico-historical differences such as the varying physical size of nations, their electoral and legal systems, and the character of their political parties, as well as their experiences of war; and they examine sociological explanations, which include different attitudes to the poor and notions of social responsibility. Most importantly, they address attitudes to race, calculating that attitudes to race explain half the observed difference in levels of public redistribution of income. This important and provocative analysis will captivate academic and serious lay readers in economics and welfare systems.},
+ googlebooks = {E7QUDAAAQBAJ},
+ isbn = {978-0-19-928610-2},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Business \& Economics / Economics / Comparative,Political Science / Comparative Politics,Political Science / Public Policy / Economic Policy,Political Science / Public Policy / Social Services \& Welfare,Social Science / Human Services,Social Science / Poverty \& Homelessness}
+}
+
+@techreport{alesinaWhyDoesnUS2001,
+ type = {Working {{Paper}}},
+ title = {Why {{Doesn}}'t the {{US Have}} a {{European-Style Welfare System}}?},
+ author = {Alesina, Alberto and Glaeser, Edward and Sacerdote, Bruce},
+ year = {2001},
+ month = oct,
+ number = {8524},
+ institution = {{National Bureau of Economic Research}},
+ doi = {10.3386/w8524},
+ abstract = {European countries are much more generous to the poor relative to the US level of generosity. Economic models suggest that redistribution is a function of the variance and skewness of the pre-tax income distribution, the volatility of income (perhaps because of trade shocks), the social costs of taxation and the expected income mobility of the median voter. None of these factors appear to explain the differences between the US and Europe. Instead, the differences appear to be the result of racial heterogeneity in the US and American political institutions. Racial animosity in the US makes redistribution to the poor, who are disproportionately black, unappealing to many voters. American political institutions limited the growth of a socialist party, and more generally limited the political power of the poor.},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/R5U88VMS/Alesina et al. - 2001 - Why Doesn't the US Have a European-Style Welfare S.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{alexanderIntroductionMappingIssues2006,
+ title = {Introduction: {{Mapping}} the Issues},
+ shorttitle = {Introduction},
+ author = {Alexander, Claire},
+ year = {2006},
+ month = may,
+ journal = {Ethnic and Racial Studies},
+ volume = {29},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {397--410},
+ issn = {0141-9870, 1466-4356},
+ doi = {10.1080/01419870600597792},
+ abstract = {While the field of ethnic and racial studies has increased dramatically in recent years, issues of methodology have to date remained relatively unexplored. Despite a long tradition of ethnographic research on racialized and ethnic minorities in North America and Europe, comparatively little has been written on what it means to research and write race ethnographically. This Introduction maps the key issues and controversies surrounding ethnography and race in Britain, the United States and mainland Europe, and traces the different anthropological and sociological/urban perspectives on the ethnographic method in relation to race and ethnicity.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/TYMC6YTH/Alexander - 2006 - Introduction Mapping the issues.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{andersonImplicationsInstitutionalDesign2001,
+ title = {The Implications of Institutional Design for Macroeconomic Performance - {{Reassessing}} the Claims of Consensus Democracy},
+ author = {Anderson, L.},
+ year = {2001},
+ month = may,
+ journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
+ volume = {34},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {429--452},
+ publisher = {{Sage Publications Inc}},
+ address = {{Thousand Oaks}},
+ issn = {0010-4140},
+ doi = {10.1177/0010414001034004004},
+ abstract = {The choice between a proportional representation (PR) or plurality-based electoral system is commonly assumed to involve a trade-off. The former is assumed to provide fairer representation but at a cost in terms of stability and effectiveness. Recent work by Lijphart and others suggests that not only are PR-based (consensus) systems more democratic than plurality-based (majoritarian) systems but they are also more effective in terms of macroeconomic performance. This article offers a critical reexamination of these claims. The author provides empirical evidence that the superior performance of consensus democracy on two important macroeconomic indicators-inflation and unemployment-is driven largely by corporatism and central bank independence. After controlling for these, the results indicate that the core elements of consensus democracy are associated with higher rates of both inflation and unemployment. Whereas corporatism and independent central banks are claimed as elements of a broader concept of consensus democracy, the author argues that neither can be comfortably accommodated within the consensus framework depicted by Lijphart.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {18 industrialized democracies,bargaining structure,central-bank independence,constitutional structures,corporatist structures,impact,inflation,oecd countries,party government,unemployment},
+ annotation = {WOS:000169142000004}
+}
+
+@article{ArendtHeideggerTradition,
+ title = {Arendt, {{Heidegger}}, and the {{Tradition}}},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/4D4HJIDW/Arendt, Heidegger, and the Tradition.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{arielyGlobalizationImmigrationNational2012,
+ title = {Globalization, Immigration and National Identity: {{How}} the Level of Globalization Affects the Relations between Nationalism, Constructive Patriotism and Attitudes toward Immigrants?},
+ shorttitle = {Globalization, Immigration and National Identity},
+ author = {Ariely, Gal},
+ year = {2012},
+ month = jul,
+ journal = {Group Processes \& Intergroup Relations},
+ volume = {15},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {539--557},
+ publisher = {{SAGE Publications Ltd}},
+ issn = {1368-4302},
+ doi = {10.1177/1368430211430518},
+ abstract = {Arguing that globalization is an important factor in shaping intergroup relations, this paper examines its impact on xenophobic attitudes towards immigrants and on the relationship between nationalism, constructive patriotism, and xenophobia. While multilevel analysis of data from the International Social Survey Program (ISSP) National Identity II (2003) across 31 countries indicates no direct effect of globalization on xenophobia, the relationship between nationalism, constructive patriotism, and xenophobia does appear to be affected. The negative relationship between constructive patriotism and xenophobia is obtained in countries with higher levels of globalization, and the positive relationship between nationalism and xenophobia is also stronger in such countries. A comparison of globalization and economic explanations for xenophobia indicates the unique effect of globalization. The common economic explanations of xenophobia are discussed in light of these findings.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/BD6DQ8UC/Ariely - 2012 - Globalization, immigration and national identity .pdf}
+}
+
+@article{arteseViolenciaPoliticaProtesta2012,
+ title = {Violencia Pol\'itica y Protesta Social En La {{Argentina}} de Fin de Siglo, {{Un}} Estudio Aplicado a Los Cortes de Ruta},
+ author = {Artese, Mat{\'i}as},
+ year = {2012},
+ month = may,
+ journal = {Espiral},
+ volume = {19},
+ number = {54},
+ pages = {171--193},
+ issn = {16650565},
+ abstract = {En el presente art\'iculo pretendemos analizar las caracter\'isticas principales de las manifestaciones y reclamos que abarcaron el ciclo de protestas durante la segunda mitad de la d\'ecada de 1990 en Argentina, y las circunstancias en las que se aplic\'o la violencia estatal como modo de resoluci\'on del conflicto. Puntualmente nos referiremos a los cortes de ruta, una de las principales metodolog\'ias utilizadas en los reclamos por objetivos econ\'omico-sociales. Por \'ultimo, como propuesta de explicaci\'on a la implementaci\'on discriminada de la violencia institucional en estos hechos, nos referiremos a algunos rasgos del proceso de criminalizaci\'on de la protesta, el cual se extiende a trav\'es de otros ciclos de protesta posteriores al que aqu\'i analizamos. (Spanish)},
+ keywords = {1983-2002,20TH century,Argentina,cortes de ruta,criminalización de la protesta,Demonstrations (Collective behavior) -- Argentina,discurso,HISTORY,Political violence,Political violence -- Argentina,Violence -- Argentina,Violence -- Social aspects,violencia institucional},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/4CDTU7BS/Artese - 2012 - Violencia política y protesta social en la Argenti.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{aslamLiverTumorDetectionUsing2021,
+ title = {Liver-{{Tumor Detection Using CNN ResUNet}}},
+ author = {Aslam, Muhammad and Younas, Muhammad and Sarwar, Muhammad and Shah, Muhammad and Khan, Atif and Uddin, M. and Ahmad, Shafiq and Firdausi, Muhammad and Zaindin, Mazen},
+ year = {2021},
+ journal = {Computers, Materials \& Continua},
+ volume = {67},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {1899--1914},
+ publisher = {{Tech Science Press}},
+ issn = {1546-2218},
+ doi = {10.32604/cmc.2021.015151},
+ abstract = {Liver tumor is the fifth most occurring type of tumor in men and the ninth most occurring type of tumor in women according to recent reports of Global cancer statistics 2018. There are several imaging tests like Computed Tomography (CT), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI), and ultrasound that can diagnose the liver tumor after taking the sample from the tissue of the liver. These tests are costly and time-consuming. This paper proposed that image processing through deep learning Convolutional Neural Network (CNNs) ResUNet model that can be helpful for the early diagnose of tumor instead of conventional methods. The existing studies have mainly used the two Cascaded CNNs for liver segmentation and evaluation of Region Of Interest (ROI). This study uses ResUNet, an updated version of U-Net and ResNet Models that utilize the service of Residential blocks. We apply over method on the 3D-IRCADb01 dataset that is based on CT slices of liver tumor affected patients. The results showed the True Value Accuracy around 99\% and F1 score performance around 95\%. This method will be helpful for early and accurate diagnose of the Liver tumor to save the lives of many patients in the field of Biotechnology.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/KET2N26T/Aslam et al. - 2021 - Liver-Tumor Detection Using CNN ResUNet.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/AQ8DT998/html.html}
+}
+
+@article{atkinsonPromisePitfallsUse2001,
+ title = {Promise and {{Pitfalls}} in the {{Use}} of "{{Secondary}}" {{Data-Sets}}: {{Income Inequality}} in {{OECD Countries As}} a {{Case Study}}},
+ shorttitle = {Promise and {{Pitfalls}} in the {{Use}} of "{{Secondary}}" {{Data-Sets}}},
+ author = {Atkinson, Anthony B. and Brandolini, Andrea},
+ year = {2001},
+ month = sep,
+ journal = {Journal of Economic Literature},
+ volume = {39},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {771--799},
+ issn = {0022-0515},
+ doi = {10.1257/jel.39.3.771},
+ abstract = {This paper examines the role of secondary data-sets in empirical economic research, taking the field of income distribution as a case study. We illustrate problems faced by users of "secondary" statistics, showing how both cross-country comparisons and time-series analysis can depend sensitively on the choice of data. After describing the genealogy of secondary data-sets on income inequality, we consider the main methodological issues and discuss their implications for comparisons of income inequality across OECD countries and over time. The lessons to be drawn for the construction and use of secondary data-sets are summarized at the end of the paper.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {and Their Distributions,Personal Income,Wealth},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/7RI34TH5/articles.html}
+}
+
+@article{atkinsonTopIncomesLong2011,
+ title = {Top {{Incomes}} in the {{Long Run}} of {{History}}},
+ author = {Atkinson, Anthony B. and Piketty, Thomas and Saez, Emmanuel},
+ year = {2011},
+ month = mar,
+ journal = {Journal of Economic Literature},
+ volume = {49},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {3--71},
+ publisher = {{Amer Economic Assoc}},
+ address = {{Nashville}},
+ issn = {0022-0515},
+ doi = {10.1257/jel.49.1.3},
+ abstract = {A recent literature has constructed top income shares time series over the long run for more than twenty countries using income tax statistics. Top incomes represent a small share of the population but a very significant share of total income and total taxes paid. Hence, aggregate economic growth per capita and Gini inequality indexes are sensitive to excluding or including top incomes. We discuss the estimation methods and issues that arise when constructing top income share series, including income definition and comparability over time and across countries, tax avoidance, and tax evasion. We provide a summary of the key empirical findings. Most countries experience a dramatic drop in top income shares in the first part of the twentieth century in general due to shocks to top capital incomes during the wars and depression shocks. Top income shares do not recover in the immediate postwar decades. However, over the last thirty years, top income shares have increased substantially in English speaking countries and in India and China but not in continental European countries or Japan. This increase is due in part to an unprecedented surge in top wage incomes. As a result, wage income comprises a larger fraction of top incomes than in the past. Finally, we discuss the theoretical and empirical models that have been proposed to account for the facts and the main questions that remain open. (JEL D31, D63, H26, N30)},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {compensation,earnings,economics,evolution,france,inequality,marginal tax rates,shares,united-states,wealth concentration},
+ annotation = {WOS:000288646800001},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/3U75PI8J/Atkinson et al. - 2011 - Top Incomes in the Long Run of History.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{austen-smithRedistributingIncomeProportional2000,
+ title = {Redistributing {{Income}} under {{Proportional Representation}}},
+ author = {Austen-Smith, David},
+ year = {2000},
+ journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
+ volume = {108},
+ number = {6},
+ pages = {1235--1269},
+ issn = {0022-3808},
+ doi = {10.1086/317680},
+ abstract = {Although majoritarian decision rules are the norm in legislatures, relatively few democracies use simple majority rule at the electoral stage, adopting instead some form of multiparty proportional representation. Moreover, aggregate data suggest that average income tax rates are higher, and distributions of posttax income flatter, in countries with proportional representation than in those with majority rule. While there are other differences between these countries, this paper explores how variations in the political system per se influence equilibrium redistributive tax rates and income distributions. A three-party proportional representation model is developed in which taxes are determined through legislative bargaining among successful electoral parties, and the economic decision for individuals is occupational choice. Political-economic equilibria for this model and for a two-party, winner-take-all, majoritarian system are derived and compared.}
+}
+
+@article{avanzoMachineDeepLearning2020,
+ title = {Machine and Deep Learning Methods for Radiomics},
+ author = {Avanzo, Michele and Wei, Lise and Stancanello, Joseph and Valli{\`e}res, Martin and Rao, Arvind and Morin, Olivier and Mattonen, Sarah A. and El Naqa, Issam},
+ year = {2020},
+ month = jun,
+ journal = {Medical Physics},
+ volume = {47},
+ number = {5},
+ pages = {e185-e202},
+ issn = {2473-4209},
+ doi = {10.1002/mp.13678},
+ abstract = {Radiomics is an emerging area in quantitative image analysis that aims to relate large-scale extracted imaging information to clinical and biological endpoints. The development of quantitative imaging methods along with machine learning has enabled the opportunity to move data science research towards translation for more personalized cancer treatments. Accumulating evidence has indeed demonstrated that noninvasive advanced imaging analytics, that is, radiomics, can reveal key components of tumor phenotype for multiple three-dimensional lesions at multiple time points over and beyond the course of treatment. These developments in the use of CT, PET, US, and MR imaging could augment patient stratification and prognostication buttressing emerging targeted therapeutic approaches. In recent years, deep learning architectures have demonstrated their tremendous potential for image segmentation, reconstruction, recognition, and classification. Many powerful open-source and commercial platforms are currently available to embark in new research areas of radiomics. Quantitative imaging research, however, is complex and key statistical principles should be followed to realize its full potential. The field of radiomics, in particular, requires a renewed focus on optimal study design/reporting practices and standardization of image acquisition, feature calculation, and rigorous statistical analysis for the field to move forward. In this article, the role of machine and deep learning as a major computational vehicle for advanced model building of radiomics-based signatures or classifiers, and diverse clinical applications, working principles, research opportunities, and available computational platforms for radiomics will be reviewed with examples drawn primarily from oncology. We also address issues related to common applications in medical physics, such as standardization, feature extraction, model building, and validation.},
+ langid = {english},
+ pmcid = {PMC8965689},
+ pmid = {32418336},
+ keywords = {deep learning,Deep Learning,Humans,Image Processing; Computer-Assisted,machine learning,Neoplasms,quantitative image analysis,radiomics},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/3NNZTKE9/Avanzo et al. - 2020 - Machine and deep learning methods for radiomics.pdf}
+}
+
+@book{baltagiEconometricAnalysisPanel2005,
+ title = {Econometric {{Analysis}} of {{Panel Data}}},
+ author = {Baltagi, Badi H.},
+ year = {2005},
+ month = sep,
+ publisher = {{Wiley}},
+ abstract = {This new edition of this established textbook reflects the rapid developments in the field covering the vast research that has been conducted on panel data since its initial publication. The book is packed with the most recent empirical examples from panel data literature, for example, a simultaneous equation on Crime will be added to chapter 7, which will be illustrated with STATA. Data sets will be provided as well as the programs to implement the estimation and testing procedures described in the book on the web site. Additional exercises will be added to each chapter and their solutions will be provided on the web site.The text has also been fully updated with new material on dynamic panel data models and recent results on non-linear panel models and in particular work on limited dependent variables panel data models.},
+ googlebooks = {yTVSqmufge8C},
+ isbn = {978-0-470-01690-9},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Business \& Economics / Econometrics,Business \& Economics / Economics / General}
+}
+
+@book{banksMadeBeSeen2012,
+ title = {Made to {{Be Seen}}: {{Perspectives}} on the {{History}} of {{Visual Anthropology}}},
+ shorttitle = {Made to {{Be Seen}}},
+ author = {Banks, Marcus and Ruby, Jay},
+ year = {2012},
+ month = aug,
+ publisher = {{University of Chicago Press}},
+ abstract = {Made to be Seen brings together leading scholars of visual anthropology to examine the historical development of this multifaceted and growing field. Expanding the definition of visual anthropology beyond more limited notions, the contributors to Made to be Seen reflect on the role of the visual in all areas of life. Different essays critically examine a range of topics: art, dress and body adornment, photography, the built environment, digital forms of visual anthropology, indigenous media, the body as a cultural phenomenon, the relationship between experimental and ethnographic film, and more. The first attempt to present a comprehensive overview of the many aspects of an anthropological approach to the study of visual and pictorial culture, Made to be Seen will be the standard reference on the subject for years to come. Students and scholars in anthropology, sociology, visual studies, and cultural studies will greatly benefit from this pioneering look at the way the visual is inextricably threaded through most, if not all, areas of human activity.},
+ googlebooks = {HzJ0L9QTM58C},
+ isbn = {978-0-226-03663-2},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Performing Arts / Film / History \& Criticism,Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural \& Social,Social Science / General}
+}
+
+@article{bargerMarloweCrowneAffairShort2002,
+ title = {The {{Marlowe-Crowne Affair}}: {{Short Forms}}, {{Psychometric Structure}}, and {{Social Desirability}}},
+ shorttitle = {The {{Marlowe-Crowne Affair}}},
+ author = {Barger, Steven D.},
+ year = {2002},
+ month = oct,
+ journal = {Journal of Personality Assessment},
+ volume = {79},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {286--305},
+ issn = {0022-3891, 1532-7752},
+ doi = {10.1207/S15327752JPA7902_11},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/43X52CFD/Barger - 2002 - The Marlowe-Crowne Affair Short Forms, Psychometr.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{bargstedCoalitionTargetedDuvergerianVoting2009,
+ title = {Coalition-{{Targeted Duvergerian Voting}}: {{How Expectations Affect Voter Choice}} under {{Proportional Representation}}},
+ shorttitle = {Coalition-{{Targeted Duvergerian Voting}}},
+ author = {Bargsted, Matias A. and Kedar, Orit},
+ year = {2009},
+ journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
+ volume = {53},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {307--323},
+ publisher = {{[Midwest Political Science Association, Wiley]}},
+ issn = {0092-5853},
+ abstract = {Inspired by analyses of majoritarian systems, students of consensual polities have analyzed strategic voting due to barriers to party success, namely, district magnitude and threshold. Given the prevalence of coalition governments in proportional systems, we analyze a type of strategic voting seldom studied: how expected coalition composition affects voter choice. We identify Duvergerian behavior by voters targeted at the coalition formation stage. We contend that when voters perceive their preferred party as unlikely to participate in the coalition, they often desert it and instead support the lesser of evils among those they perceive as viable coalition partners. We demonstrate our argument using data on coalition expectations from the 2006 Israeli elections. We find an appreciable albeit differential effect of coalition expectations on voter choice. Importantly, results hold controlling for ideological and coalition preferences. Lastly, we explore a broad cross-national comparison, showing that there is less, not more, proximity voting where coalitions are prevalent.},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/VTBSBUDN/Bargsted und Kedar - 2009 - Coalition-Targeted Duvergerian Voting How Expecta.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{bateWhateverHappenedOrganizational1997,
+ title = {Whatever {{Happened}} to {{Organizational Anthropology}}? {{A Review}} of the {{Field}} of {{Organizational Ethnography}} and {{Anthropological Studies}}},
+ shorttitle = {Whatever {{Happened}} to {{Organizational Anthropology}}?},
+ author = {Bate, S. P.},
+ year = {1997},
+ month = sep,
+ journal = {Human Relations},
+ volume = {50},
+ number = {9},
+ pages = {1147--1175},
+ publisher = {{SAGE Publications Ltd}},
+ issn = {0018-7267},
+ doi = {10.1177/001872679705000905},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/JJHPYTBN/Bate - 1997 - Whatever Happened to Organizational Anthropology .pdf}
+}
+
+@article{bawnComparativeTheoryElectoral2003,
+ title = {A {{Comparative Theory}} of {{Electoral Incentives}}: {{Representing}} the {{Unorganized Under PR}}, {{Plurality}} and {{Mixed-Member Electoral Systems}}},
+ shorttitle = {A {{Comparative Theory}} of {{Electoral Incentives}}},
+ author = {Bawn, Kathleen and Thies, Michael F.},
+ year = {2003},
+ month = jan,
+ journal = {Journal of Theoretical Politics},
+ volume = {15},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {5--32},
+ publisher = {{SAGE Publications Ltd}},
+ issn = {0951-6298},
+ doi = {10.1177/0951692803151001},
+ abstract = {We expand Denzau and Munger's 1986 model of `How Unorganized Interests Get Represented' to address cross-national differences in electoral systems. We look at how individual legislators allocate their efforts to serving unorganized constituents versus organized groups. Our model shows how the optimal allocation of effort is affected by differences in nominating processes and electoral rules. Our findings include the following: (1) Closed-list proportional representation (PR) makes legislators generally more responsive to interest groups and less responsive to unorganized voters than single-member districts (SMD). (2) This difference becomes smaller as the personal component of the SMD vote diminishes. (3) Legislators elected via lists in a mixed system may be even less responsive to the unorganized than legislators in a pure list system.},
+ langid = {english}
+}
+
+@article{beckerSelektivesAntwortverhaltenBei2004,
+ title = {{Selektives Antwortverhalten bei Fragen zum delinquenten Handeln: eine empirische Studie \"uber die Wirksamkeit der 'sealed envelope technique' bei selbst berichteter Delinquenz mit Daten des ALLBUS 2000.}},
+ shorttitle = {{Selektives Antwortverhalten bei Fragen zum delinquenten Handeln}},
+ author = {Becker, Rolf and G{\"u}nther, Ralph},
+ year = {2004},
+ journal = {ZUMA Nachrichten},
+ volume = {28},
+ number = {54},
+ pages = {39--59},
+ abstract = {'Im ALLBUS 2000 wurde die 'sealed envelope technique' (SET) eingesetzt, um zuverl\"assige wie g\"ultige Antworten zum delinquenten Handeln zu erhalten. Im vorliegenden Beitrag gehen wir der Frage nach, warum trotz zugesicherter Anonymit\"at einige der Befragten das Selbstausf\"ullen des vertraulichen Fragebogens zum eigenen delinquenten Verhalten verweigern. In theoretischer Hinsicht wird aus Sicht eines werterwartungstheoretischen Erkl\"arungsansatzes angenommen, dass Personen bei Interviews an sozialer Anerkennung und Vermeiden von Missbilligung durch den Interviewer interessiert sind und diejenige Antwortreaktion ausw\"ahlen, um diese Ziele zu optimieren. Wenn f\"ur Befragte die Fragen zum eigenen delinquenten Handeln irrelevant sind oder die SET unverst\"andlich geblieben ist, dann verweigern sie eher die Antworten als Personen, die sowohl die Fragen und die SET verstanden als auch entsprechende Antworten auf Fragen zur eigenen Delinquenz haben. Zum anderen wird davon ausgegangen, dass Interview- und Interviewereffekte auch bei zugesicherter Anonymit\"at zur Antwortverweigerung f\"uhren k\"onnen. Mit Daten des ALLBUS k\"onnen diese Annahmen weitgehend best\"atigt werden. Schlie\ss lich wird gezeigt, dass dieses selektive Antwortverhalten zu verzerrten Sch\"atzergebnissen bei Modellen zu Determinanten des beabsichtigten delinquenten Handelns wie Steuerhinterziehung oder 'Schwarzfahren' f\"uhren kann. Bei heiklen und unangenehmen Fragen zum delinquenten Handeln w\"are die postalische Befragung ein effizienter Ausweg, um dieses methodische Problem zu l\"osen. F\"ur die endg\"ultige Kl\"arung dieser Sachverhalte ben\"otigen wir mehr Informationen \"uber die Mechanismen und Prozesse, die zur Verweigerung von Antworten f\"uhren.' (Autorenreferat)'In the German General Survey 2000 (ALLBUS) the so-called sealed envelope technique was used to collect information about the individuals' self-reported delinquency. The article looks in particular at why respondents refuse to fill out this confidential questionnaire in spite of the guaranteed anonymity. From a theoretical perspective of subjective expected utility, it could be assumed that respondents are interested in maximizing benefits and avoiding social costs in the interview situation. Therefore, they respond to questions in a manner to realise their interests in the optimal way. At the same time, individual respondent characteristics related to their understanding of the questions or the sealed envelope technique, as well as interviewer characteristics and aspects of the interview situation could lead to refusals on sensitive questions. The ALLBUS 2000 data confirm these hypotheses. The selectivity of self-reported delinquency on things such as faredodging and tax evasion also resulted in biased model estimators of determinants of anticipated future delinquency. Mail surveys could be one way to improve data quality in self-reported acts of delinquency. Before firm conclusions can be drawn, however, more empirical data is needed on the processes and mechanisms behind respondents refusing to answer questions about delinquency.' (author's abstract)|},
+ langid = {ngerman},
+ keywords = {Anonymität,anonymity,Antwortverhalten,delinquency,Delinquenz,Forschungsreaktivität,interview,Interview,mail survey,postalische Befragung,reactivity effect,response behavior,selection,Selektion,statistical analysis,statistical method,statistische Analyse,statistische Methode}
+}
+
+@article{beckWhatNotTimeSeries1995,
+ title = {What to {{Do}} (and {{Not}} to {{Do}}) with {{Time-Series Cross-Section Data}}},
+ author = {Beck, N. and Katz, Jn},
+ year = {1995},
+ month = sep,
+ journal = {American Political Science Review},
+ volume = {89},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {634--647},
+ issn = {0003-0554},
+ doi = {10.2307/2082979},
+ abstract = {We examine some issues in the estimation of time-series cross-section models, calling into question the conclusions of many published studies, particularly in the field of comparative political economy. We show that the generalized least squares approach of Parks produces standard errors that lead to extreme overconfidence, often underestimating variability by 50\% or more. We also provide an alternative estimator of the standard errors that is correct when the error structures show complications found in this type of model. Monte Carlo analysis shows that these ''panel-corrected standard errors'' perform well. The utility of our approach is demonstrated via a reanalysis of one ''social democratic corporatist'' model.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {democracies,government partisanship,labor organization,macroeconomic performance,politics,regression,system},
+ annotation = {WOS:A1995RQ37600007}
+}
+
+@article{benoitDistrictMagnitudeElectoral2001,
+ title = {District Magnitude, Electoral Formula, and the Number of Parties},
+ author = {Benoit, Kenneth},
+ year = {2001},
+ journal = {European Journal of Political Research},
+ volume = {39},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {203--224},
+ issn = {1475-6765},
+ doi = {10.1111/1475-6765.00575},
+ abstract = {Abstract. Duverger's propositions concerning the psychological and mechanical consequences of electoral rules have previously been examined mainly through the lens of district magnitude, comparing the properties of single\textendash member district plurality elections with those of multimember proportional representation elections. The empirical consequences of multimember plurality (MMP) rules, on the other hand, have received scant attention. Theory suggests that the effect of district magnitude on the number and concentration of parties will differ with regard to whether the allocation rules are plurality\textendash based or proportional. I test this theory by drawing on a uniquely large\textendash sample dataset where district magnitude and electoral formula vary but the basic universe of political parties is held constant, applying regression analysis to data from several thousand Hungarian local bodies elected in 1994 consisting of municipal councils, county councils, and mayors. The results indicate that omitting the variable of electoral formula has the potential to cause significant bias in estimates of Duvergerian consequences of district magnitude. In addition, the analysis of multi\textendash member plurality elections from the local election dataset reveals counter\textendash intuitively that candidate and party entry may increase with district magnitude under MMP, suggesting important directions for future investigation of MMP rules.},
+ langid = {english},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://ejpr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/1475-6765.00575},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/ASJCJRCV/1475-6765.html}
+}
+
+@article{beretvasReliabilityGeneralizationStudy2002,
+ title = {A Reliability Generalization Study of the {{Marlowe-Crowne}} Social Desirability Scale},
+ author = {Beretvas, S. N. and Meyers, J. I. and Leite, W. L.},
+ year = {2002},
+ month = aug,
+ journal = {Educational and Psychological Measurement},
+ volume = {62},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {570--589},
+ publisher = {{Sage Publications Inc}},
+ address = {{Thousand Oaks}},
+ issn = {0013-1644},
+ doi = {10.1177/0013164402062004003},
+ abstract = {A reliability generalization (RG) study was conducted for the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MCSDS). The MCSDS is the most commonly used tool designed to assess social desirability bias (SDB), Several short forms, consisting of items from the original 33-itern version. are in use by researchers investigating the potential for SDB in responses to other scales. These forms have been used to Measure a wide array of populations. Using a mixed-effects model analysis. the predicted score reliability for male adolescents was .53 and the reliability for men's responses was lower than that for Women's. Suggestions are made concerning the necessity tor further psychometric evaluations of the MCSDS.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {behavior,college-students,internal consistency,marital satisfaction scale,personality,response bias,self,sex,short forms,validation},
+ annotation = {WOS:000176935500002}
+}
+
+@article{bergRedistributionInequalityGrowth2018,
+ title = {Redistribution, Inequality, and Growth: New Evidence},
+ shorttitle = {Redistribution, Inequality, and Growth},
+ author = {Berg, Andrew and Ostry, Jonathan D. and Tsangarides, Charalambos G. and Yakhshilikov, Yorbol},
+ year = {2018},
+ month = sep,
+ journal = {Journal of Economic Growth},
+ volume = {23},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {259--305},
+ issn = {1573-7020},
+ doi = {10.1007/s10887-017-9150-2},
+ abstract = {We investigate the relationship between inequality, redistribution, and growth using a recently-compiled dataset that distinguishes clearly between market (pre-tax and transfer) and net (post tax and transfer) inequality, and allows us to calculate redistributive transfers for a large number of advanced and developing countries. Across a variety of estimation methods, data samples, and robustness checks, we find: (1) lower net inequality is robustly correlated with faster and more durable growth, controlling for the level of redistribution; (2) redistribution appears benign in terms of its impact on growth, except when it is extensive; and (3) inequality seems to affect growth through human capital accumulation and fertility channels.},
+ langid = {english}
+}
+
+@article{berinskyCanWeTalk2004,
+ title = {Can {{We Talk}}? {{Self-Presentation}} and the {{Survey Response}}},
+ shorttitle = {Can {{We Talk}}?},
+ author = {Berinsky, Adam J.},
+ year = {2004},
+ journal = {Political Psychology},
+ volume = {25},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {643--659},
+ issn = {1467-9221},
+ doi = {10.1111/j.1467-9221.2004.00391.x},
+ abstract = {This paper explores how the personality characteristics of individuals affect the answers they give to questions on controversial political topics. In April and May 2000, a random-digit-dial survey of 518 Americans was conducted in the continental United States. This survey included question batteries measuring two psychological concepts related to self-presentation. Respondents were also asked about their opinion on a number of sensitive topics, such as feelings toward blacks and homosexuals and their opinions about spending on popular programs, including schools and the environment. Their responses to these questions varied as a function of their self-presentation personality characteristics. The results presented here suggest that self-presentation measures such as those assessed here can improve our understanding of how the social dynamics of the survey interview affect responses to sensitive questions.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {methodology,public opinion,self-monitoring,survey research},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1467-9221.2004.00391.x},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/72XIUMNT/Berinsky - 2004 - Can We Talk Self-Presentation and the Survey Resp.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{berinskyTwoFacesPublic1999,
+ title = {The {{Two Faces}} of {{Public Opinion}}},
+ author = {Berinsky, Adam J.},
+ year = {1999},
+ journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
+ volume = {43},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {1209--1230},
+ publisher = {{[Midwest Political Science Association, Wiley]}},
+ issn = {0092-5853},
+ doi = {10.2307/2991824},
+ abstract = {Public opinion polls appear to be a more inclusive form of representation than traditional forms of political participation. However, under certain circumstances, aggregate public opinion may be a poor reflection of collective public sentiment. I argue that it may be difficult to gauge true aggregate public sentiment on certain socially sensitive issues. My analysis of NES data from 1992 reveals that public opinion polls overstate support for government efforts to integrate schools. Specifically, selection bias models reveal that some individuals who harbor anti-integrationist sentiments are likely to hide their socially unacceptable opinions behind a "don't know" response. As an independent confirmation of the selection bias correction technique, I find that the same methods which predict that opinion polls understate opposition to school integration also predict the results of the 1989 New York City mayoral election more accurately than the marginals of pre-election tracking polls.},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/6LYZSTJV/Berinsky - 1999 - The Two Faces of Public Opinion.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{bernauerMindGapProportional2015,
+ title = {Mind the Gap: {{Do}} Proportional Electoral Systems Foster a More Equal Representation of Women and Men, Poor and Rich?},
+ shorttitle = {Mind the Gap},
+ author = {Bernauer, Julian and Giger, Nathalie and Rosset, Jan},
+ year = {2015},
+ month = jan,
+ journal = {International Political Science Review},
+ volume = {36},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {78--98},
+ issn = {0192-5121},
+ doi = {10.1177/0192512113498830},
+ abstract = {Female gender and low income are two markers for groups that have been historically disadvantaged within most societies. The study explores two research questions related to their political representation: (1) Are parties biased towards the ideological preferences of male and rich citizens?'; and (2) Does the proportionality of the electoral system moderate the degree of under-representation of women and poor citizens in the party system?' A multilevel analysis of survey data from 24 parliamentary democracies indicates that there is some bias against those with low income and, at a much smaller rate, women. This has systemic consequences for the quality of representation, as the preferences of the complementary groups differ. The proportionality of the electoral system influences the degree of under-representation: specifically, larger district magnitudes help in closing the considerable gap between rich and poor.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {congruence,cross-national analysis,Gender inequality,gender-gap,ideological congruence,Income inequality,inequality,institutions,legislatures,multilevel regression,policy-makers,political representation,proportional representation,responsiveness,voting-behavior},
+ annotation = {WOS:000347421500005}
+}
+
+@article{bernsteinOverreportingVotingWhy2001,
+ title = {Overreporting {{Voting}}: {{Why It Happens}} and {{Why It Matters}}},
+ shorttitle = {Overreporting {{Voting}}},
+ author = {Bernstein, Robert and Chadha, Anita and Montjoy, Robert},
+ year = {2001},
+ month = mar,
+ journal = {Public Opinion Quarterly},
+ volume = {65},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {22--44},
+ publisher = {{Oxford Academic}},
+ issn = {0033-362X},
+ doi = {10.1086/320036},
+ abstract = {Abstract. The key to understanding why people overreport is that those who are under the most pressure to vote are the ones most likely to misrepresent their b},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/AAYHK5CU/Bernstein et al. - 2001 - Overreporting Voting Why It Happens and Why It Ma.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{besleyPoliticalInstitutionsPolicy2003,
+ title = {Political {{Institutions}} and {{Policy Choices}}: {{Evidence}} from the {{United States}}},
+ shorttitle = {Political {{Institutions}} and {{Policy Choices}}},
+ author = {Besley, Timothy and Case, Anne},
+ year = {2003},
+ month = mar,
+ journal = {Journal of Economic Literature},
+ volume = {41},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {7--73},
+ issn = {0022-0515},
+ doi = {10.1257/002205103321544693},
+ abstract = {A rich array of institutional diversity makes the United States an excellent place to study the relationship between political institutions and public policy outcomes. This essay has three main aims. It reviews empirical evidence on the relationship between institutional rules, political representation and policy outcomes; it aims to place the literature into a broader context of theoretical and empirical work in political economy. Second, it develops a parallel empirical analysis that updates studies in the literature and reexamines some of the claims, in a setting unified in terms of policy outcomes and period under study. Third, it develops new directions for research, presenting some novel exploratory results.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Cycles,Political Processes: Rent-seeking; Lobbying; Elections; Legislatures; and Voting Behavior; Macroeconomic Policy; Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance; and General Outlook: General; Business Fluctuations},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/BDCXGUXI/Besley und Case - 2003 - Political Institutions and Policy Choices Evidenc.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/TUKACW7G/articles.html}
+}
+
+@book{birleArgentinienHeutePolitik2010,
+ title = {{Argentinien heute / Politik, Wirtschaft, Kultur}},
+ author = {Birle, Peter {$\lnot$}[Hrsg ]{$\lnot$};},
+ year = {2010},
+ series = {{Bibliotheca Ibero-Americana ; Bd. 136}},
+ volume = {136},
+ publisher = {{Vervuert}},
+ address = {{Frankfurt am Main}},
+ isbn = {978-3-86527-594-3},
+ langid = {german},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/66BKK7IA/0001087391.html}
+}
+
+@article{blaisDoesProportionalRepresentation2006,
+ title = {Does {{Proportional Representation Foster Closer Congruence Between Citizens}} and {{Policy Makers}}?},
+ author = {Blais, Andr{\'e} and Bodet, Marc Andr{\'e}},
+ year = {2006},
+ month = dec,
+ journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
+ volume = {39},
+ number = {10},
+ pages = {1243--1262},
+ issn = {0010-4140},
+ doi = {10.1177/0010414005284374},
+ abstract = {This article assesses the claim that proportional representation (PR) fosters a closer correspondence between the views of citizens and the positions of the government. The study uses the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems data set and compares respondents' self-placements on a Left-Right scale with placements of cabinet parties' locations in 31 election studies. The authors argue that PR has two contradictory consequences. On one hand, PR leads to more parties and more choice for voters; but these parties are less centrist, and this increases the overall distance between voters and parties. On the other hand, PR increases the likelihood of coalition governments; this pulls the government toward the center of the policy spectrum and reduces the distance between the government and voters. These two contradictory effects of PR wash out, and the net overall impact of PR on congruence is nil. The data support the authors' interpretation.},
+ langid = {english}
+}
+
+@article{borhaniRadiomicsHepatocellularCarcinoma2021,
+ title = {Radiomics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Promising Roles in Patient Selection, Prediction, and Assessment of Treatment Response},
+ shorttitle = {Radiomics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma},
+ author = {Borhani, Amir A. and Catania, Roberta and Velichko, Yuri S. and Hectors, Stefanie and Taouli, Bachir and Lewis, Sara},
+ year = {2021},
+ month = aug,
+ journal = {Abdominal Radiology},
+ volume = {46},
+ number = {8},
+ pages = {3674--3685},
+ issn = {2366-0058},
+ doi = {10.1007/s00261-021-03085-w},
+ abstract = {Radiomics refers to the process of conversion of conventional medical images into quantifiable data (``features'') which can be further mined to reveal complex patterns and relationships between the voxels in the image. These high throughput features can potentially reflect the histology of biologic tissues at macroscopic and microscopic levels. Several studies have investigated radiomics of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) before and after treatment. HCC is a heterogeneous disease with diverse phenotypical and genotypical landscape. Due to this inherent heterogeneity, HCC lesions can manifest variable aggressiveness with different response to treatment options, including the newer targeted therapies. Hence, radiomics can be used as a potential tool to enable patient selection for therapies and to predict response to treatments and outcome. Additionally, radiomics may serve as a tool for earlier and more efficient assessment of response to treatment. Radiomics, radiogenomics, and radio-immunoprofiling and their potential roles in management of patients with HCC will be discussed and critically reviewed in this article.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Hepatocellular carcinoma,Oncology,Radiogenomics,Radiomics},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/M2DKJPU5/Borhani et al. - 2021 - Radiomics of hepatocellular carcinoma promising r.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{borrecaPoliticalDramaturgyDramaturg1993,
+ title = {Political {{Dramaturgy}}: {{A Dramaturg}}'s ({{Re}}){{View}}},
+ shorttitle = {Political {{Dramaturgy}}},
+ author = {Borreca, Art},
+ year = {1993},
+ journal = {TDR (1988-)},
+ volume = {37},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {56--79},
+ issn = {1054-2043},
+ doi = {10.2307/1146249}
+}
+
+@article{borrenSenseWorldHannah2013,
+ title = {`{{A Sense}} of the {{World}}': {{Hannah Arendt}}'s {{Hermeneutic Phenomenology}} of {{Common Sense}}},
+ shorttitle = {`{{A Sense}} of the {{World}}'},
+ author = {Borren, Marieke},
+ year = {2013},
+ month = may,
+ journal = {International Journal of Philosophical Studies},
+ volume = {21},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {225--255},
+ issn = {09672559},
+ doi = {10.1080/09672559.2012.743156},
+ abstract = {One of the most hotly debated issues in present-day Arendt scholarship concerns the status of common sense orsensus communisin Arendt's theory of judgment. Is her notion of common sensea prioriora posteriori, i.e. empirical? What is at stake in this debate seems to be no less than the promise of a reconciliation of a commitment to the situatedness of judgment with the universalistic aspiration to transcend mere partiality and subjectivism. My intervention in this debate focuses on a neglected aspect of Arendt's thought, her hermeneutic-phenomenological method. The fact Arendt analyzes common sense in a hermeneutic-phenomenological fashion, implies that the very question whether it is ana priorifaculty or refers to a particular community is not pertinent. Instead, she shows that common sense is co-original with the common world. Common sense both presupposes a common world and fits human beings into it.},
+ keywords = {Arendt,ARENDT; Hannah; 1906-1975,COMMON sense,hermeneutic phenomenology,human conditions,judgment,JUDGMENTS (Law),RECONCILIATION (Law),sensus communis,SUBJECTIVITY},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/SBNWMSIJ/Borren - 2013 - ‘A Sense of the World’ Hannah Arendt’s Hermeneuti.pdf}
+}
+
+@book{boyceFalklandsWar2005,
+ title = {{$\lnot$}{{The}}{$\lnot$} {{Falklands}} War /},
+ author = {Boyce, David George;},
+ year = {2005},
+ series = {Twentieth Century Wars},
+ publisher = {{Palgrave Macmillan}},
+ address = {{Basingstoke [u.a.]}},
+ isbn = {978-0-333-75396-5 978-0-333-75395-8},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/BGTMKTPU/0011903187.html}
+}
+
+@article{bradleyDistributionRedistributionPostindustrial2003,
+ title = {Distribution and {{Redistribution}} in {{Postindustrial Democracies}}},
+ author = {Bradley, David and Huber, Evelyne and Moller, Stephanie and Nielsen, Fran{\c c}ois and Stephens, John D.},
+ year = {2003},
+ journal = {World Politics},
+ volume = {55},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {193--228},
+ issn = {0043-8871},
+ abstract = {[This article analyzes the processes of distribution and redistribution in postindustrial democracies. The authors combine a pooled time-series data base on welfare state effort and its determinants assembled by Huber, Ragin, and Stephens (1997) with data on income distribution assembled in the Luxembourg Income Survey (LIS) archive. In the case of the LIS data, the authors recalculate the microdata in order to remove the distorting influence of pensioners on pretax, pretransfer income distribution. They examine the determinants of two dependent variables: pretax, pretransfer income inequality and the proportional reduction in inequality from pre- to post-tax and transfer inequality. They test hypotheses derived from power resources theory against alternatives derived from the literature on the development of the welfare state and the determinants of income inequality. The results offer strong support for power resources theory, particularly in the case of reduction in inequality. Union density, unemployment, and percentage of female-headed households were the main determinants of pre-tax and transfer inequality (\$\{\textbackslash rm R\}\^\{2\}\$ = .64), while leftist government, directly and indirectly through its influence on the size of the welfare state, was found to be by far the strongest determinant of distribution (\$\{\textbackslash rm R\}\^\{2\}\$ = .81).]}
+}
+
+@article{breunigFiscalAusterityTradeoff2012,
+ title = {Fiscal Austerity and the Trade-off between Public Investment and Social Spending},
+ author = {Breunig, Christian and Busemeyer, Marius R.},
+ year = {2012},
+ journal = {Journal of European Public Policy},
+ volume = {19},
+ number = {6},
+ pages = {921--938},
+ publisher = {{Routledge Journals, Taylor \& Francis Ltd}},
+ address = {{Abingdon}},
+ issn = {1350-1763},
+ doi = {10.1080/13501763.2011.614158},
+ abstract = {This article makes two claims: first, it argues that the impact of fiscal austerity varies across different types of public spending. In particular, we show that discretionary spending (public investment) is hit harder by fiscal austerity than entitlement spending (public spending on pensions and unemployment) because of different institutional and political constraints. Second, we find that electoral institutions affect how governments solve this trade-off. Discretionary spending is cut back more severely in countries with an electoral system based on proportional representation than in a majoritarian system. Our empirical analysis relies on a methodological approach (composite data analysis) that takes into account interdependencies between budgetary categories. Using data for 21 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries from 1979 to 2003, we find strong evidence for the varying impact of fiscal stress on the budget shares of discretionary and entitlement spending as well as strong interactive effect between fiscal austerity and electoral institutions.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Budgeting,comparative political economy,electoral system,fiscal austerity,public investments,welfare state policies},
+ annotation = {WOS:000304673800008},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/8RWDC3YE/Breunig und Busemeyer - 2012 - Fiscal austerity and the trade-off between public .pdf}
+}
+
+@article{breuschLagrangeMultiplierTest1980,
+ title = {The {{Lagrange Multiplier Test}} and Its {{Applications}} to {{Model Specification}} in {{Econometrics}}},
+ author = {Breusch, T. S. and Pagan, A. R.},
+ year = {1980},
+ journal = {The Review of Economic Studies},
+ volume = {47},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {239--253},
+ issn = {0034-6527},
+ doi = {10.2307/2297111}
+}
+
+@article{brownActingPresidentialActing2005,
+ title = {Acting {{Presidential}} , {{Acting Presidential}}: {{The Dramaturgy}} of {{Bush Versus Kerry}} , {{The Dramaturgy}} of {{Bush Versus Kerry}}},
+ shorttitle = {Acting {{Presidential}} , {{Acting Presidential}}},
+ author = {Brown, Robert E.},
+ year = {2005},
+ month = sep,
+ journal = {American Behavioral Scientist},
+ volume = {49},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {78--91},
+ issn = {0002-7642},
+ doi = {10.1177/0002764205279397},
+ abstract = {Dramaturgy, an interactionist perspective, was developed by Erving Goffman, a sociologist working in the theoretical tradition of seminal social theorists including Durkheim and Parsons. This article's thesis is that although the typical application of dramaturgy has been to interpersonal contexts, dramaturgy's symbolic orientation and its rich terminological vocabulary make it particularly well suited for the analysis of political communication, widely perceived as a theatrical and symbolic domain. This metatheoretical article attempts to extend dramaturgy to politics, notwithstanding the apparently little interest in politics displayed by Goffman himself. The article's political focus is the U.S. presidential campaign of 2004, which opposed George Bush and John Kerry. The contest is examined in the dramaturgic terms of performance, expressive control, disidentification, region management, and stigmatization., Dramaturgy, an interactionist perspective, was developed by Erving Goffman, a sociologist working in the theoretical tradition of seminal social theorists including Durkheim and Parsons. This article's thesis is that although the typical application of dramaturgy has been to interpersonal contexts, dramaturgy's symbolic orientation and its rich terminological vocabulary make it particularly well suited for the analysis of political communication, widely perceived as a theatrical and symbolic domain. This metatheoretical article attempts to extend dramaturgy to politics, notwithstanding the apparently little interest in politics displayed by Goffman himself. The article's political focus is the U.S. presidential campaign of 2004, which opposed George Bush and John Kerry. The contest is examined in the dramaturgic terms of performance, expressive control, disidentification, region management, and stigmatization.},
+ langid = {english}
+}
+
+@article{brownAmWhoAm2008,
+ title = {``{{I Am Who I Am}}'': {{Black Masculinity}} and the {{Interpretation}} of {{Individualism}} in the {{Film}} {{{\emph{Barbershop}}}}},
+ shorttitle = {``{{I Am Who I Am}}''},
+ author = {Brown, Timothy J.},
+ year = {2008},
+ month = oct,
+ journal = {Qualitative Research Reports in Communication},
+ volume = {9},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {46--61},
+ issn = {1745-9435, 1745-9443},
+ doi = {10.1080/17459430802400357},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/DJ7GELCR/Brown - 2008 - “I Am Who I Am” Black Masculinity and the Interpr.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{brownSocioculturalKnowledgeVisual2011,
+ title = {Sociocultural Knowledge and Visual Re(-)Presentations of {{Black}} Masculinity and Community: Reading {{{\emph{The Wire}}}} for Critical Multicultural Teacher Education},
+ shorttitle = {Sociocultural Knowledge and Visual Re(-)Presentations of {{Black}} Masculinity and Community},
+ author = {Brown, Keffrelyn D. and Kraehe, Amelia},
+ year = {2011},
+ month = jan,
+ journal = {Race Ethnicity and Education},
+ volume = {14},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {73--89},
+ issn = {1361-3324, 1470-109X},
+ doi = {10.1080/13613324.2011.531981},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/A8I6E4AR/Brown und Kraehe - 2011 - Sociocultural knowledge and visual re(‐)presentati.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{brunnerMedianVoterDecisive2010,
+ title = {Is the Median Voter Decisive? {{Evidence}} from Referenda Voting Patterns},
+ shorttitle = {Is the Median Voter Decisive?},
+ author = {Brunner, Eric J. and Ross, Stephen L.},
+ year = {2010},
+ month = dec,
+ journal = {Journal of Public Economics},
+ volume = {94},
+ number = {11-12},
+ pages = {898--910},
+ issn = {0047-2727},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.jpubeco.2010.09.009},
+ abstract = {This paper examines whether the voter with the median income is decisive in local spending decisions. Previous tests have relied on cross-sectional data while we make use of a pair of California referenda to estimate a first difference specification. The referenda proposed to lower the required vote share for passing local educational bonding initiatives from 67 to 50\% and 67 to 55\%, respectively. We find that voters rationally consider future public service decisions when deciding how to vote on voting rules. However, the empirical evidence strongly suggests that an income percentile below the median is decisive for majority voting rules, especially in communities that have a large share of high-income voters with attributes that suggest low demand for public services. Based on a model that explicitly recognizes that each community contains voters with both high and low demand for public school spending, we also find that an increase in the share of low demand voters is associated with a lower decisive voter income percentile for the high demand group. This two type model implies that our low demand types (individuals over age 45 with no children) have demands that are 45\% lower than other voters. Collectively, these findings are consistent with high-income voters with weak preferences for public educational services voting with the poor against increases in public spending on education. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Education spending,equilibrium,expenditures,goods,jurisdictions,local public-services,Median voter hypothesis,model,preferences,private demands,redistribution,Referenda,tiebout bias},
+ annotation = {WOS:000285173600009}
+}
+
+@article{caporhrosikBrainImageSegmentation2019,
+ title = {Brain {{Image Segmentation Based}} on {{Firefly Algorithm Combined}} with {{K-means Clustering}}},
+ author = {Capor Hrosik, Romana and Tuba, Eva and Dolicanin, Edin and Jovanovic, Raka and Tuba, Milan},
+ year = {2019},
+ month = jul,
+ journal = {Studies in Informatics and Control},
+ volume = {28},
+ number = {2},
+ issn = {12201766, 1841429X},
+ doi = {10.24846/v28i2y201905},
+ abstract = {During the past few decades digital images have become an important part of numerous scientific fields. Digital images used in medicine enabled tremendous progress in the diagnostics, treatment determination process as well as in monitoring patient recovery. Detection of brain tumors represents one of the active research fields and an algorithm for brain image segmentation was developed with an aim to emphasize four different primary brain tumors: glioma, metastatic adenocarcinoma, metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma and sarcoma from PET, MRI and SPECT images. The proposed image segmentation method is based on the firefly algorithm whose solutions are improved by the k-means clustering algorithm when Otsu's criterion was used as the fitness function. The proposed combined algorithm was tested on commonly used images from Harvard Whole Brain Atlas and the results were compared to other method from literature. The method proposed in this paper achieved better segmentation considering standard segmentation quality metrics such as normalized root square mean error, peak signal to noise and structural similarity index metric.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/PQIYEY3Y/Capor Hrosik et al. - 2019 - Brain Image Segmentation Based on Firefly Algorith.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{careyDistrictMagnitudeRepresentation2013,
+ title = {District Magnitude and Representation of the Majority's Preferences: A Comment and Reinterpretation},
+ shorttitle = {District Magnitude and Representation of the Majority's Preferences},
+ author = {Carey, John M. and Hix, Simon},
+ year = {2013},
+ month = jan,
+ journal = {Public Choice},
+ volume = {154},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {139--148},
+ issn = {1573-7101},
+ doi = {10.1007/s11127-012-0023-0},
+ abstract = {Drawing on new data that combine recorded votes from the Swiss National Assembly with canton-level referendum results on identical legislative proposals, Portmann et~al. (Public Choice 151:585\textendash 610, 2012) develop an innovative strategy to identify the effect of district magnitude on the relationship between representatives and their constituents. We replicate PSE's central result and also estimate a related model that allows for the possibility of non-monotonicity in the relationship between district magnitude and representatives' deviance from referendum median voters. Our results indicate that representatives elected in low-magnitude multi-member districts deviate from canton-level majorities less than either MPs from single-member districts or those from high-magnitude multi-member districts.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/7SXSQKKK/Carey und Hix - 2013 - District magnitude and representation of the major.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{careyElectoralSweetSpot2011,
+ title = {The {{Electoral Sweet Spot}}: {{Low-Magnitude Proportional Electoral Systems}}: {{ELECTORAL SWEET SPOT}}},
+ shorttitle = {The {{Electoral Sweet Spot}}},
+ author = {Carey, John M and Hix, Simon},
+ year = {2011},
+ month = apr,
+ journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
+ volume = {55},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {383--397},
+ issn = {00925853},
+ doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00495.x},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/653K378R/Carey und Hix - 2011 - The Electoral Sweet Spot Low-Magnitude Proportion.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{careyElectoralSweetSpot2011a,
+ title = {The {{Electoral Sweet Spot}}: {{Low-Magnitude Proportional Electoral Systems}}},
+ shorttitle = {The {{Electoral Sweet Spot}}},
+ author = {Carey, John M. and Hix, Simon},
+ year = {2011},
+ journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
+ volume = {55},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {383--397},
+ issn = {1540-5907},
+ doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00495.x},
+ abstract = {Can electoral rules be designed to achieve political ideals such as accurate representation of voter preferences and accountable governments? The academic literature commonly divides electoral systems into two types, majoritarian and proportional, and implies a straightforward trade-off by which having more of an ideal that a majoritarian system provides means giving up an equal measure of what proportional representation (PR) delivers. We posit that these trade-offs are better characterized as nonlinear and that one can gain most of the advantages attributed to PR, while sacrificing less of those attributed to majoritarian elections, by maintaining district magnitudes in the low to moderate range. We test this intuition against data from 609 elections in 81 countries between 1945 and 2006. Electoral systems that use low-magnitude multimember districts produce disproportionality indices almost on par with those of pure PR systems while limiting party system fragmentation and producing simpler government coalitions.},
+ langid = {english},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00495.x},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/WAI3UJ9F/Carey und Hix - 2011 - The Electoral Sweet Spot Low-Magnitude Proportion.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/S8ZXSWAP/j.1540-5907.2010.00495.html}
+}
+
+@article{careyIncentivesCultivatePersonal1995,
+ title = {Incentives to Cultivate a Personal Vote: {{A}} Rank Ordering of Electoral Formulas},
+ shorttitle = {Incentives to Cultivate a Personal Vote},
+ author = {Carey, John M and Shugart, Matthew Soberg},
+ year = {1995},
+ month = dec,
+ journal = {Electoral Studies},
+ volume = {14},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {417--439},
+ issn = {0261-3794},
+ doi = {10.1016/0261-3794(94)00035-2},
+ abstract = {Seat allocation formulas affect candidates' incentives to campaign on a personal rather than party reputation. Variables that enhance personal vote-seeking include: (1) lack of party leadership control over access to and rank on ballots, (2) degree to which candidates are elected on individual votes independent of co-partisans, and (3) whether voters cast a single intra-party vote instead of multiple votes or a party-level vote. District magnitude has the unusual feature that, as it increases, the value of a personal reputation rises if the electoral formula itself fosters personal vote-seeking, but falls if the electoral formula fosters party reputation-seeking.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/C766SHD3/0261379494000352.html}
+}
+
+@article{castaterUnionizationPartisanEffect2015,
+ title = {Unionization and the Partisan Effect on Income Inequality},
+ author = {Castater, Eric Graig},
+ year = {2015},
+ month = apr,
+ journal = {Business and Politics},
+ volume = {17},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {1--40},
+ doi = {10.1515/bap-2014-0026},
+ abstract = {Does partisanship matter for income inequality? The empirical evidence is notably mixed. I argue that these inconsistent findings are partly the result of scholars not (properly) modeling the relationship between unionization and the partisan composition of government. If we accept that union members favor greater government intervention to reduce economic inequalities than non-union members, politicians desire to hold elected office and be popular but also to implement particular public policies, and left party politicians share union members' policy preferences to a greater extent than center and right party politicians, then partisan differences should be greatest at moderate levels of unionization, a condition that allows all politicians to pursue their policy preferences while maintaining electoral viability. The empirical analysis examines 16 wealthy democracies between 1970 and 2010. The results of error-correction models confirm the theoretical expectation and hold regardless of whether there is a majoritarian or proportional representation electoral system.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {domestic politics,globalization,institutions,labor,latin-america,policy,redistribution,representation,resources,welfare-state},
+ annotation = {WOS:000409510300001}
+}
+
+@book{castlesAgeMigrationInternational1998,
+ title = {The {{Age}} of {{Migration}}: {{International Population Movements}} in the {{Modern World}}},
+ shorttitle = {The {{Age}} of {{Migration}}},
+ author = {Castles, Stephen},
+ year = {1998},
+ month = aug,
+ publisher = {{Macmillan International Higher Education}},
+ abstract = {At the dawn of the twenty-first century, international migration has become a major factor in economic and political change. Millions of people move as workers, settlers or refugees, affecting all regions of the world. The new cultural diversity is challenging national borders and identity. The Age of Migration analyses population movements and their consequences on a global level. The second edition has been completely revised and updated with substantially increased coverage of new migrations in Africa, Latin America and Asia.},
+ googlebooks = {2k1dDwAAQBAJ},
+ isbn = {978-1-349-26846-7},
+ langid = {english}
+}
+
+@misc{CatalogoColectivoREBIUN,
+ title = {Cat\'alogo {{Colectivo}} - {{REBIUN}} \guillemotright{} {{Baratz}} \guillemotright{} {{Democracy}} in {{Latin America}} [ {{Recurso}} Electr\'onico ] (Re)Constructing Political Society},
+ howpublished = {http://catalogo.rebiun.org/rebiun/record/Rebiun06284364},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/DJ5PBSK3/Rebiun06284364.html}
+}
+
+@misc{CatalogoColectivoREBIUNa,
+ title = {Cat\'alogo {{Colectivo}} - {{REBIUN}} \guillemotright{} {{Baratz}} \guillemotright{} {{A}} Treinta A\~nos Del Conflicto de Las {{Malvinas-Falkland}}},
+ howpublished = {http://catalogo.rebiun.org/rebiun/record/Rebiun04179849},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/7PXMZ7FT/Rebiun04179849.html}
+}
+
+@article{ceobanuComparativeAnalysesPublic2010,
+ title = {Comparative {{Analyses}} of {{Public Attitudes Toward Immigrants}} and {{Immigration Using Multinational Survey Data}}: {{A Review}} of {{Theories}} and {{Research}}},
+ shorttitle = {Comparative {{Analyses}} of {{Public Attitudes Toward Immigrants}} and {{Immigration Using Multinational Survey Data}}},
+ author = {Ceobanu, Alin M. and Escandell, Xavier},
+ year = {2010},
+ journal = {Annual Review of Sociology},
+ volume = {36},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {309--328},
+ doi = {10.1146/annurev.soc.012809.102651},
+ abstract = {This article critically reviews the intersectional locus of public opinion scholarship and immigration studies that make use of data from multinational survey projects. Specifically, it emphasizes current cross-national research seeking to understand the causes, manifestations, and implications of attitudes toward immigrants and immigration in economically advanced countries of the world. Despite rapid expansion, the field suffers from several methodological challenges and theoretical constraints. A succinct exposure of trends and patterns is followed by presentations of influential theoretical perspectives and established individual- and contextual-level determinants. The review suggests that strengthening the conceptual apparatus and enlarging the analytical focus are priorities. It concludes with some observations on how to circumvent these problems and to bridge current research with future explorations of the embedded nature of such public attitudes.},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.012809.102651},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/C7SJ5ZNI/Ceobanu und Escandell - 2010 - Comparative Analyses of Public Attitudes Toward Im.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{chaddhaWayHoleSystemic2011,
+ title = {``{{Way Down}} in the {{Hole}}'': {{Systemic Urban Inequality}} and {{{\emph{The Wire}}}}},
+ shorttitle = {``{{Way Down}} in the {{Hole}}''},
+ author = {Chaddha, Anmol and Wilson, William~Julius},
+ year = {2011},
+ month = sep,
+ journal = {Critical Inquiry},
+ volume = {38},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {164--188},
+ issn = {0093-1896, 1539-7858},
+ doi = {10.1086/661647},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/FI22TT9W/Chaddha und Wilson - 2011 - “Way Down in the Hole” Systemic Urban Inequality .pdf}
+}
+
+@article{changElectoralSystemsDistrict,
+ title = {Electoral {{Systems}}, {{District Magnitude}} and {{Corruption}}},
+ author = {Chang, Eric C C},
+ pages = {46},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/7ZRWLD9N/Chang - Electoral Systems, District Magnitude and Corrupti.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{changElectoralSystemsDistrict2007,
+ title = {Electoral {{Systems}}, {{District Magnitude}} and {{Corruption}}},
+ author = {Chang, Eric C. C. and Golden, Miriam A.},
+ year = {2007},
+ journal = {British Journal of Political Science},
+ volume = {37},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {115--137},
+ publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
+ issn = {0007-1234},
+ abstract = {The relationship between electoral systems and corruption in a large sample of contemporary democratic nations is analysed in this article. Whereas previous studies have shown that closed-list proportional representation is associated with greater (perceived) corruption than open-list PR, it is demonstrated here that this relationship fails to hold once district magnitude is considered. The theory underlying this study draws on work on 'the personal vote' that suggests that the incentives to amass resources - and perhaps even to do so illegally - increase with district magnitude in open-list settings but decrease in closed-list contexts. Extending this insight, it is shown that political corruption gets more (less) severe as district magnitude increases under open-list PR (closed-list PR) systems. In addition, once district magnitude exceeds a certain threshold - the estimates here are that this is as low as fifteen - corruption is greater under open lists than closed lists. Only at small district magnitudes (below fifteen) is closed-list PR associated with more corruption, as conventionally held. These results hold for alternative measures of corruption, for different sets of countries analysed, for different measures of district magnitude and regardless of whether the political system is presidential or parliamentary, and of the number of parties. Using an objective measure of corruption in public works contracting, corroborating evidence is also presented from Italian electoral districts. In Italy's open-list environment in the period prior to 1994, larger districts were more susceptible to corruption than smaller ones.}
+}
+
+@article{chenHepatocellularCarcinomaSurveillance2020,
+ title = {Hepatocellular Carcinoma Surveillance, Early Detection and Survival in a Privately Insured {{US}} Cohort},
+ author = {Chen, Vincent L. and Singal, Amit G. and Tapper, Elliot B. and Parikh, Neehar D.},
+ year = {2020},
+ journal = {Liver International},
+ volume = {40},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {947--955},
+ issn = {1478-3231},
+ doi = {10.1111/liv.14379},
+ abstract = {Background/Aims Semiannual hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) surveillance is recommended in patients with cirrhosis; however, recent studies have raised questions over its utility. We investigated the impact of surveillance on early detection and survival in a nationally representative database. Methods We included patients with cirrhosis and HCC from the Optum database (2001-2015) with {$>$}6 months of follow-up between cirrhosis and HCC diagnoses. Surveillance adherence was defined as proportion of time covered (PTC), with each 6-month period after abdominal imaging defined as `covered'. To determine the association between surveillance and mortality, we compared PTC between fatal and non-fatal HCC. Results Of 1001 patients with cirrhosis and HCC, 256 died with median follow-up 30 months. Median PTC by any imaging was greater in early-stage vs late-stage HCC (43.6\% vs 37.4\%, P = .003) and non-fatal vs fatal HCC (40.8\% vs 34.3\%, P = .001). In multivariable analyses, each 10\% increase in PTC was associated with increased early HCC detection (OR 1.07, 95\% CI 1.01-1.12) and decreased mortality (HR 0.95; 95\% CI 0.90-1.00). On subgroup analysis, PTC by CT/MRI was associated with early tumour detection and decreased mortality; however, PTC by ultrasound was only associated with early detection but not decreased mortality. These findings were robust across sensitivity analyses. Conclusions In a US cohort of privately insured HCC patients, PTC by any imaging modality was associated with increased early detection and decreased mortality. Continued evaluation of HCC surveillance strategies and effectiveness is warranted.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {liver cancer,Optum,screening},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/liv.14379},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/9U5RP69K/Chen et al. - 2020 - Hepatocellular carcinoma surveillance, early detec.pdf}
+}
+
+@misc{chenMed3DTransferLearning2019,
+ title = {{{Med3D}}: {{Transfer Learning}} for {{3D Medical Image Analysis}}},
+ shorttitle = {{{Med3D}}},
+ author = {Chen, Sihong and Ma, Kai and Zheng, Yefeng},
+ year = {2019},
+ month = jul,
+ number = {arXiv:1904.00625},
+ eprint = {1904.00625},
+ eprinttype = {arxiv},
+ primaryclass = {cs},
+ publisher = {{arXiv}},
+ doi = {10.48550/arXiv.1904.00625},
+ abstract = {The performance on deep learning is significantly affected by volume of training data. Models pre-trained from massive dataset such as ImageNet become a powerful weapon for speeding up training convergence and improving accuracy. Similarly, models based on large dataset are important for the development of deep learning in 3D medical images. However, it is extremely challenging to build a sufficiently large dataset due to difficulty of data acquisition and annotation in 3D medical imaging. We aggregate the dataset from several medical challenges to build 3DSeg-8 dataset with diverse modalities, target organs, and pathologies. To extract general medical three-dimension (3D) features, we design a heterogeneous 3D network called Med3D to co-train multi-domain 3DSeg-8 so as to make a series of pre-trained models. We transfer Med3D pre-trained models to lung segmentation in LIDC dataset, pulmonary nodule classification in LIDC dataset and liver segmentation on LiTS challenge. Experiments show that the Med3D can accelerate the training convergence speed of target 3D medical tasks 2 times compared with model pre-trained on Kinetics dataset, and 10 times compared with training from scratch as well as improve accuracy ranging from 3\% to 20\%. Transferring our Med3D model on state-the-of-art DenseASPP segmentation network, in case of single model, we achieve 94.6\textbackslash\% Dice coefficient which approaches the result of top-ranged algorithms on the LiTS challenge.},
+ archiveprefix = {arXiv},
+ keywords = {Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/4CB4CA8J/Chen et al. - 2019 - Med3D Transfer Learning for 3D Medical Image Anal.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/RLTRZYPA/1904.html}
+}
+
+@article{choRadiomicsguidedDeepNeural2021,
+ title = {Radiomics-Guided Deep Neural Networks Stratify Lung Adenocarcinoma Prognosis from {{CT}} Scans},
+ author = {Cho, Hwan-ho and Lee, Ho Yun and Kim, Eunjin and Lee, Geewon and Kim, Jonghoon and Kwon, Junmo and Park, Hyunjin},
+ year = {2021},
+ month = nov,
+ journal = {Communications Biology},
+ volume = {4},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {1--12},
+ publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
+ issn = {2399-3642},
+ doi = {10.1038/s42003-021-02814-7},
+ abstract = {Cho et al. use a radiomics-guided deep-learning approach to model the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma from CT scan data. This study demonstrates the utility of this technology as a predictive approach for stratifying clinical prognostic groups.},
+ copyright = {2021 The Author(s)},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/YP3PJMVW/Cho et al. - 2021 - Radiomics-guided deep neural networks stratify lun.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/9TXIAVLC/s42003-021-02814-7.html}
+}
+
+@article{choVotingEquilibriaProportional2014,
+ title = {Voting {{Equilibria Under Proportional Representation}}},
+ author = {Cho, Seok-Ju},
+ year = {2014},
+ month = may,
+ journal = {American Political Science Review},
+ volume = {108},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {281--296},
+ issn = {0003-0554, 1537-5943},
+ doi = {10.1017/S0003055414000136},
+ abstract = {This article studies the consequences of strategic voting by outcome-oriented voters in elections under proportional representation (PR). I develop a model of elections under PR, in which voters choose among an arbitrary finite number of parties, and the policy outcome is determined in a postelection bargaining stage. I use a new solution concept, robust equilibrium, which greatly mitigates the well-known problem of indeterminate predictions in multicandidate competition. Applying the equilibrium concept to the model, I find that PR promotes representation of small parties in general, even when voters are strategic. However, the median voter plays a critical role in shaping policy outcomes, which reflects the majoritarian nature of parliamentary policy making rules. Thus, PR may not be incompatible with the majoritarian vision of representative democracy if voters' main concern is policy outcomes.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/IST4W6PQ/3032901815DCBD0E9D8176D1ECF2244D.html}
+}
+
+@misc{christAutomaticLiverTumor2017,
+ title = {Automatic {{Liver}} and {{Tumor Segmentation}} of {{CT}} and {{MRI Volumes}} Using {{Cascaded Fully Convolutional Neural Networks}}},
+ author = {Christ, Patrick Ferdinand and Ettlinger, Florian and Gr{\"u}n, Felix and Elshaera, Mohamed Ezzeldin A. and Lipkova, Jana and Schlecht, Sebastian and Ahmaddy, Freba and Tatavarty, Sunil and Bickel, Marc and Bilic, Patrick and Rempfler, Markus and Hofmann, Felix and Anastasi, Melvin D. and Ahmadi, Seyed-Ahmad and Kaissis, Georgios and Holch, Julian and Sommer, Wieland and Braren, Rickmer and Heinemann, Volker and Menze, Bjoern},
+ year = {2017},
+ month = feb,
+ number = {arXiv:1702.05970},
+ eprint = {1702.05970},
+ eprinttype = {arxiv},
+ primaryclass = {cs},
+ publisher = {{arXiv}},
+ abstract = {Automatic segmentation of the liver and hepatic lesions is an important step towards deriving quantitative biomarkers for accurate clinical diagnosis and computer-aided decision support systems. This paper presents a method to automatically segment liver and lesions in CT and MRI abdomen images using cascaded fully convolutional neural networks (CFCNs) enabling the segmentation of large-scale medical trials and quantitative image analyses. We train and cascade two FCNs for the combined segmentation of the liver and its lesions. As a first step, we train an FCN to segment the liver as ROI input for a second FCN. The second FCN solely segments lesions within the predicted liver ROIs of step 1. CFCN models were trained on an abdominal CT dataset comprising 100 hepatic tumor volumes. Validation results on further datasets show that CFCN-based semantic liver and lesion segmentation achieves Dice scores over 94\% for the liver with computation times below 100s per volume. We further experimentally demonstrate the robustness of the proposed method on 38 MRI liver tumor volumes and the public 3DIRCAD dataset.},
+ archiveprefix = {arXiv},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence,Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/TTYJ3CL4/Christ et al. - 2017 - Automatic Liver and Tumor Segmentation of CT and M.pdf}
+}
+
+@misc{cicek3DUNetLearning2016,
+ title = {{{3D U-Net}}: {{Learning Dense Volumetric Segmentation}} from {{Sparse Annotation}}},
+ shorttitle = {{{3D U-Net}}},
+ author = {{\c C}i{\c c}ek, {\"O}zg{\"u}n and Abdulkadir, Ahmed and Lienkamp, Soeren S. and Brox, Thomas and Ronneberger, Olaf},
+ year = {2016},
+ month = jun,
+ number = {arXiv:1606.06650},
+ eprint = {1606.06650},
+ eprinttype = {arxiv},
+ primaryclass = {cs},
+ publisher = {{arXiv}},
+ doi = {10.48550/arXiv.1606.06650},
+ abstract = {This paper introduces a network for volumetric segmentation that learns from sparsely annotated volumetric images. We outline two attractive use cases of this method: (1) In a semi-automated setup, the user annotates some slices in the volume to be segmented. The network learns from these sparse annotations and provides a dense 3D segmentation. (2) In a fully-automated setup, we assume that a representative, sparsely annotated training set exists. Trained on this data set, the network densely segments new volumetric images. The proposed network extends the previous u-net architecture from Ronneberger et al. by replacing all 2D operations with their 3D counterparts. The implementation performs on-the-fly elastic deformations for efficient data augmentation during training. It is trained end-to-end from scratch, i.e., no pre-trained network is required. We test the performance of the proposed method on a complex, highly variable 3D structure, the Xenopus kidney, and achieve good results for both use cases.},
+ archiveprefix = {arXiv},
+ keywords = {Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/C437F2E6/Çiçek et al. - 2016 - 3D U-Net Learning Dense Volumetric Segmentation f.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/IZ25T8TR/1606.html}
+}
+
+@techreport{colagrossiMedianVoterTakes2019,
+ type = {Working {{Paper}}},
+ title = {The {{Median Voter Takes}} It {{All}}: {{Preferences}} for {{Redistribution}} and {{Income Inequality}} in the {{EU-28}}},
+ shorttitle = {The {{Median Voter Takes}} It {{All}}},
+ author = {Colagrossi, Marco and Karagiannis, Stelios and Raab, Roman},
+ year = {2019},
+ number = {2019/6},
+ institution = {{JRC Working Papers in Economics and Finance}},
+ doi = {10.2760/797251},
+ abstract = {The relation between income inequality and support for redistributive policies has long being debated by social scientists, albeit with mostly contrasting findings. We shed light on this puzzle by exploiting a novel EU-28 wide survey (Eurobarometer 471) and matching it with an array of regional and national inequality measures. Using binary choice models, we show that support for redistribution is positively linked with the level of income inequality. The same association is found for perceptions of inequality being too high. In addition, we exploit alternative proxies of socio-economic status as well as subjective beliefs about fairness in the society. We document that individuals believing to be at the top of the social ladder, as well as people considering equal opportunities to be in place, are less supportive of gov- ernment intervention to reduce inequalities. Our results are robust to different measures of inequalities, additional controls as well as a cross-validation with a widely recognized survey (ESS). We conclude that for the planning of policies based on social preferences, inequality matters.},
+ copyright = {http://www.econstor.eu/dspace/Nutzungsbedingungen},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/ZMIEA9SG/Colagrossi et al. - 2019 - The Median Voter Takes it All Preferences for Red.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/SBAK4HJJ/202312.html}
+}
+
+@article{coppedgeDistrictMagnitudeEconomic1997,
+ title = {District {{Magnitude}}, {{Economic Performance}}, and {{Party-System Fragmentation}} in {{Five Latin American Countries}}},
+ author = {COPPEDGE, MICHAEL},
+ year = {1997},
+ month = apr,
+ journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
+ volume = {30},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {156--185},
+ publisher = {{SAGE Publications Inc}},
+ issn = {0010-4140},
+ doi = {10.1177/0010414097030002002},
+ abstract = {This article makes a fresh start in the attempt to explain the number of parties in party systems. It develops a simultaneous equations model to differentiate between the psychological and mechanical effects of district magnitude on party-system fragmentation. Both effects are statistically significant and approximately equal. However, neither effect is very large in comparison to underlying patterns of politicization, which are argued to be reflections of the number of political cleavages in society. These cleavages predispose each party system to converge toward a country-specific effective number of parties within 5 elections, regardless of the initial level of fragmentation, barring outside disturbances. Major devaluations may act as such disturbances, but the evidence so far is inconclusive. The analysis is based on new data from 62 elections in Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela, supplemented by 30+ additional elections in Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Mexico, and Uruguay for the exploration of economic impacts.},
+ langid = {english}
+}
+
+@article{cortinaWhatCoefficientAlpha1993,
+ title = {What Is Coefficient Alpha? {{An}} Examination of Theory and Applications},
+ shorttitle = {What Is Coefficient Alpha?},
+ author = {Cortina, Jose M.},
+ year = {1993},
+ journal = {Journal of Applied Psychology},
+ volume = {78},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {98--104},
+ publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
+ address = {{US}},
+ issn = {1939-1854(Electronic),0021-9010(Print)},
+ doi = {10.1037/0021-9010.78.1.98},
+ abstract = {Psychological research involving scale construction has been hindered considerably by a widespread lack of understanding of coefficient alpha and reliability theory in general. A discussion of the assumptions and meaning of coefficient alpha is presented. This discussion is followed by a demonstration of the effects of test length and dimensionality on alpha by calculating the statistic for hypothetical tests with varying numbers of items, numbers of orthogonal dimensions, and average item intercorrelations. Recommendations for the proper use of coefficient alpha are offered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
+ keywords = {Statistical Analysis,Test Construction,Test Forms,Test Reliability},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/6WQXTVXH/1993-19965-001.html}
+}
+
+@article{coxCentripetalCentrifugalIncentives1990,
+ title = {Centripetal and {{Centrifugal Incentives}} in {{Electoral Systems}}},
+ author = {Cox, Gary W.},
+ year = {1990},
+ journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
+ volume = {34},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {903--935},
+ publisher = {{[Midwest Political Science Association, Wiley]}},
+ issn = {0092-5853},
+ doi = {10.2307/2111465},
+ abstract = {This paper investigates how electoral laws affect the position-taking incentives of parties and candidates. It seeks to extend the finding presented in the classical "median voter theorem" to a wide class of electoral systems--or to show the limits of such extension. The factors examined are the district magnitude, the electoral formula, the number of votes each voter is allowed to cast, whether voters can cumulate their votes, and whether voters can "partially abstain." I suggest a crude division of electoral systems into those producing predominantly centripetal incentives and those producing predominantly centrifugal incentives. Among the factors found to produce centripetal incentives, at least in noncumulative systems, are the following: increases in the number of votes per voter; outlawry of "partial abstention"; and decreases in the district magnitude. In systems allowing the cumulation of votes, matters are a bit different.}
+}
+
+@article{coxCentripetalCentrifugalIncentives1990a,
+ title = {Centripetal and {{Centrifugal Incentives}} in {{Electoral Systems}}},
+ author = {Cox, Gary W.},
+ year = {1990},
+ journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
+ volume = {34},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {903--935},
+ publisher = {{[Midwest Political Science Association, Wiley]}},
+ issn = {0092-5853},
+ doi = {10.2307/2111465},
+ abstract = {This paper investigates how electoral laws affect the position-taking incentives of parties and candidates. It seeks to extend the finding presented in the classical "median voter theorem" to a wide class of electoral systems--or to show the limits of such extension. The factors examined are the district magnitude, the electoral formula, the number of votes each voter is allowed to cast, whether voters can cumulate their votes, and whether voters can "partially abstain." I suggest a crude division of electoral systems into those producing predominantly centripetal incentives and those producing predominantly centrifugal incentives. Among the factors found to produce centripetal incentives, at least in noncumulative systems, are the following: increases in the number of votes per voter; outlawry of "partial abstention"; and decreases in the district magnitude. In systems allowing the cumulation of votes, matters are a bit different.}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{coxInteractionEffectsMixed2002,
+ title = {Interaction Effects in Mixed Member Electoral Systems: Theory and Evidence from {{Ger17J}}.{{A}}},
+ shorttitle = {Interaction Effects in Mixed Member Electoral Systems},
+ booktitle = {Karp / {{Electoral Studies}} Xx (2005) 1e17 {{ARTICLE IN PRESS}} + {{MODELmany}}, {{Japan}}, and {{Italy}}. {{Comparative Political Studies}} 35},
+ author = {Cox, Karen E. and Schoppa, Leonard J.},
+ year = {2002},
+ pages = {1027--1053},
+ abstract = {The past decade has witnessed a surprising growth in the popularity of mixed-member electoral systems. Under these systems, voters choose representatives simultaneously under both propor-tional representation (PR) and single-member district plurality (SMDP) rules. It is widely accepted that SMDP rules tend to winnow competition down toward two large parties, and evi-dence from mixed systems suggests that this Duvergerian ``gravity '' reduces the number of par-ties surviving SMDPcompetition undermixed systems aswell. Nevertheless,we argue, simulta-neous balloting under PR rules softens this winnowing effect, operating as a ``centrifugal force'' that prevents Duvergerian gravity from reducing competition to the degree it does under pure SMDP systems. Thus, these new systems produce effects unanticipated by their designers. To test for the presence of this centrifugal force, we examine elite-level electoral strategies in Ger-many, Japan, and Italy and compare district-level SMDP election results from pure systemswith those of mixed-member systems.},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/E96UM3Y4/Cox und Schoppa - 2002 - Interaction effects in mixed member electoral syst.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/HGYGEHCV/summary.html}
+}
+
+@book{coxMakingVotesCount1997,
+ title = {Making {{Votes Count}}: {{Strategic Coordination}} in the {{World}}'s {{Electoral Systems}}},
+ shorttitle = {Making {{Votes Count}}},
+ author = {Cox, Gary W.},
+ year = {1997},
+ month = mar,
+ publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
+ abstract = {Popular elections are at the heart of representative democracy. Thus, understanding the laws and practices that govern such elections is essential to understanding modern democracy. In this book, Cox views electoral laws as posing a variety of coordination problems that political forces must solve. Coordination problems - and with them the necessity of negotiating withdrawals, strategic voting, and other species of strategic coordination - arise in all electoral systems. This book employs a unified game-theoretic model to study strategic coordination worldwide and that relies primarily on constituency-level rather than national aggregate data in testing theoretical propositions about the effects of electoral laws. This book also considers not just what happens when political forces succeed in solving the coordination problems inherent in the electoral system they face but also what happens when they fail.},
+ googlebooks = {c3bqMzBoinsC},
+ isbn = {978-0-521-58527-9},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Political Science / General,Political Science / Political Process / Campaigns \& Elections,Political Science / Public Policy / Economic Policy}
+}
+
+@article{coxStrategicVotingProportional1996,
+ title = {Strategic {{Voting}} under {{Proportional Representation}}},
+ author = {Cox, Gary W. and Shugart, Matthew Soberg},
+ year = {1996},
+ month = oct,
+ journal = {Journal of Law, Economics, and Organization},
+ volume = {12},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {299--324},
+ issn = {87566222},
+ abstract = {Previous investigations of strategic voting equilibria in mass electorates have looked only at elections held under plurality-rule electoral laws. This paper investigates such equilibria in multimember districts operating under various largest-remainders methods of proportional representation (PR). In principle, strategic voting imposes a limit on the number of viable lists under PR, just as it imposes a limit on the number of viable candidates under plurality rule, as noted long ago. The results proved here provide some formal underpinning for this idea and yield specific hypotheses, for each electoral system, concerning the maximum number of lists/candidates consistent with equilibrium levels of strategic voting. Our results also clarify the conditions under which these theoretical upper bounds on the number of lists/candidates are binding in practice. We use Colombian and Japanese electoral data to test the model's predictions.},
+ keywords = {Associations D71,Clubs,Committees,Political Processes: Rent-seeking; Lobbying; Elections; Legislatures; and Voting Behavior D72,Social Choice},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/8SNTYDMT/Cox und Shugart - 1996 - Strategic Voting under Proportional Representation.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{crandallJustificationsuppressionModelExpression2003,
+ title = {A Justification-Suppression Model of the Expression and Experience of Prejudice.},
+ author = {Crandall, Christian S. and Eshleman, Amy},
+ year = {2003},
+ journal = {Psychological Bulletin},
+ volume = {129},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {414--446},
+ issn = {1939-1455, 0033-2909},
+ doi = {10.1037/0033-2909.129.3.414},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/4UHZ56MB/Crandall und Eshleman - 2003 - A justification-suppression model of the expressio.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{crawfordDueObedienceRights1990,
+ title = {Due {{Obedience}} and the {{Rights}} of {{Victims}} - {{Argentina Transition}} to {{Democracy}}},
+ author = {Crawford, Kl},
+ year = {1990},
+ month = feb,
+ journal = {Human Rights Quarterly},
+ volume = {12},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {17--52},
+ issn = {0275-0392},
+ doi = {10.2307/762164},
+ langid = {english},
+ annotation = {WOS:A1990CM73000002}
+}
+
+@article{crepazGlobalConstitutionalPartisan2002,
+ title = {Global, {{Constitutional}}, and {{Partisan Determinants}} of {{Redistribution}} in {{Fifteen OECD Countries}}},
+ author = {Crepaz, Markus M. L.},
+ year = {2002},
+ journal = {Comparative Politics},
+ volume = {34},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {169--188},
+ issn = {0010-4159},
+ doi = {10.2307/4146936},
+ abstract = {[Two different ways of diffusing political power, collective and competitive veto points, have systematically and predictably different effects on the capacity of the state to redistribute incomes. While collective veto points buoy the welfare state, competitive veto points inhibit it. Not all veto points have restricting effects. There is also a positive relationship between the number of governing parties in coalitions and the redistributive capacity of the state. These institutional effects are maintained even when the forces of globalization are added. In contrast to what many globalists argue, globalization does not reduce the capacity of the state to redistribute incomes.]}
+}
+
+@article{croissantPanelDataEconometrics2008,
+ title = {Panel Data Econometrics in {{R}}: {{The}} Plm Package},
+ shorttitle = {Panel Data Econometrics in {{R}}},
+ author = {Croissant, Yves and Millo, Giovanni},
+ year = {2008},
+ journal = {Journal of statistical software},
+ volume = {27},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {1--43},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/XXQMS4AD/plm.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{cuttsAntiimmigrantPoliticallyDisaffected2011,
+ title = {Anti-Immigrant, Politically Disaffected or Still Racist after All? {{Examining}} the Attitudinal Drivers of Extreme Right Support in {{Britain}} in the 2009 {{European}} Elections},
+ shorttitle = {Anti-Immigrant, Politically Disaffected or Still Racist after All?},
+ author = {Cutts, David and Ford, Robert and Goodwin, Matthew J.},
+ year = {2011},
+ journal = {European Journal of Political Research},
+ volume = {50},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {418--440},
+ issn = {1475-6765},
+ doi = {10.1111/j.1475-6765.2010.01936.x},
+ abstract = {The elections to the European Parliament (EP) held in June 2009 marked a breakthrough for the extreme right British National Party (BNP), while in other European states extreme right parties (ERPs) similarly made gains. However, the attitudinal drivers of support for the BNP and ERPs more generally remain under-researched. This article draws on unique data that allow unprecedented insight into the attitudinal profile of ERP voters in Britain \textendash{} an often neglected case in the wider literature. A series of possible motivational drivers of extreme right support are separated out: racial prejudice, anti-immigrant sentiment, protest against political elites, Euroscepticism, homophobia and Islamophobia. It is found that BNP support in the 2009 EP elections was motivationally diverse, with racist hostility, xenophobia and protest voting all contributing significantly to BNP voting. The analysis suggests that the BNP, which has long been a party stigmatised by associations with racism and violent extremism, made a key breakthrough in 2009. While racist motivations remain the strongest driver of support for the party, it has also begun to win over a broader coalition of anti-immigrant and anti-elite voters.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {BNP,extreme right,racism,voting},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://ejpr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1475-6765.2010.01936.x},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/WTH2TP5W/Cutts et al. - 2011 - Anti-immigrant, politically disaffected or still r.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/VBPEJPMS/j.1475-6765.2010.01936.html}
+}
+
+@article{dahlbergEthnicDiversityPreferences2012,
+ title = {Ethnic {{Diversity}} and {{Preferences}} for {{Redistribution}}},
+ author = {Dahlberg, Matz and Edmark, Karin and Lundqvist, Hel{\'e}ne},
+ year = {2012},
+ month = feb,
+ journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
+ volume = {120},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {41--76},
+ issn = {0022-3808},
+ doi = {10.1086/665800},
+ abstract = {This paper investigates the causal link between the ethnic diversity in a society and its inhabitants' preferences for redistribution. We exploit exogenous variation in immigrant shares stemming from a nationwide program placing refugees in municipalities throughout Sweden during 1985\textendash 94 and match data on refugee placement to panel survey data on inhabitants of the receiving municipalities. We find significant, negative effects of increased immigration on the support for redistribution. The effect is especially pronounced among high-income earners. We also establish that estimates from earlier studies failing to identify causal effects are likely to be positively biased (i.e., less negative).},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/K9VRR6PB/665800.html}
+}
+
+@article{daveyVisualAnthropologyStrengths2010,
+ title = {Visual {{Anthropology}}: {{Strengths}}, {{Weaknesses}}, {{Opportunities}}, {{Threats}}},
+ shorttitle = {Visual {{Anthropology}}},
+ author = {Davey, Gareth},
+ year = {2010},
+ month = jul,
+ journal = {Visual Anthropology},
+ volume = {23},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {344--352},
+ publisher = {{Routledge}},
+ issn = {0894-9468},
+ doi = {10.1080/08949468.2010.485015},
+ abstract = {This article briefly examines visual anthropology's strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, in the form of a SWOT analysis. The aim is to comment on the subdiscipline's current status, raise awareness of challenges faced and identify possibilities for the future. Visual anthropology's strengths and opportunities include its increased acceptance by mainstream anthropology; a diverse and interdisciplinary research agenda; synergy between academic and applied perspectives; and the potential of new visual methods. Weaknesses and threats include difficulty defining the subdiscipline; limited collaboration (for many research articles are single-authored); and dominance of American scholars. The implications of these factors for the future of visual anthropology are also discussed.},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/08949468.2010.485015},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/8VP3F2HJ/Davey - 2010 - Visual Anthropology Strengths, Weaknesses, Opport.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/QWX8YQD5/08949468.2010.html}
+}
+
+@article{dawesDataCharacteristicsChange2008,
+ title = {Do {{Data Characteristics Change According}} to the {{Number}} of {{Scale Points Used}}? {{An Experiment Using}} 5-{{Point}}, 7-{{Point}} and 10-{{Point Scales}}},
+ shorttitle = {Do {{Data Characteristics Change According}} to the {{Number}} of {{Scale Points Used}}?},
+ author = {Dawes, John},
+ year = {2008},
+ month = jan,
+ journal = {International Journal of Market Research},
+ volume = {50},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {61--104},
+ publisher = {{SAGE Publications}},
+ issn = {1470-7853},
+ doi = {10.1177/147078530805000106},
+ langid = {english}
+}
+
+@article{deiningerNewDataSet1996,
+ title = {A {{New Data Set Measuring Income Inequality}}},
+ author = {Deininger, Klaus and Squire, Lyn},
+ year = {1996},
+ month = sep,
+ journal = {The World Bank Economic Review},
+ volume = {10},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {565--591},
+ publisher = {{Oxford Academic}},
+ issn = {0258-6770},
+ doi = {10.1093/wber/10.3.565},
+ abstract = {Abstract. This article presents a new data set on inequality in the distribution of income. The authors explain the criteria they applied in selecting data on},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/RM2JWUQF/Deininger und Squire - 1996 - A New Data Set Measuring Income Inequality.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/T722WC29/1658010.html}
+}
+
+@article{deltasSmallSampleBiasGini2003,
+ title = {The {{Small-Sample Bias}} of the {{Gini Coefficient}}: {{Results}} and {{Implications}} for {{Empirical Research}}},
+ shorttitle = {The {{Small-Sample Bias}} of the {{Gini Coefficient}}},
+ author = {Deltas, George},
+ year = {2003},
+ month = feb,
+ journal = {The Review of Economics and Statistics},
+ volume = {85},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {226--234},
+ publisher = {{MIT Press}},
+ issn = {0034-6535},
+ doi = {10.1162/rest.2003.85.1.226},
+ abstract = {The Gini coefficient is a downward-biased measure of inequality in small populations when income is generated by one of three common distributions. The paper discusses the sources of bias and argues that this property is far more general. This has implications for (i) the comparison of inequality among subsamples, some of which may be small, and (ii) the use of the Gini in measuring firm size inequality in markets with a small number of firms. The small-sample bias has often led to misperceptions about trends in industry concentration. A small-sample adjustment results in a reduced bias, which can no longer be signed. This remaining bias rises with the dispersion and falls with increasing skewness of the distribution. Finally, an empirical example illustrates the importance of using the adjusted Gini. In this example it is shown that, controlling for market characteristics, larger shipping cartels include a set of firms that is stochastically identical (in terms of relative size) to those of smaller shipping cartels.},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/NCLNNHBC/rest.2003.85.1.html}
+}
+
+@article{demelloIncomeInequalityRedistributive2006,
+ title = {Income {{Inequality}} and {{Redistributive Government Spending}}},
+ author = {{de Mello}, Luiz and Tiongson, Erwin R.},
+ year = {2006},
+ month = may,
+ journal = {Public Finance Review},
+ volume = {34},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {282--305},
+ issn = {1091-1421, 1552-7530},
+ doi = {10.1177/1091142105284894},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/U7X3HVXK/0fcfd51054d7907ce2000000.pdf}
+}
+
+@misc{DemocracyWarWealth,
+ title = {Democracy, {{War}}, and {{Wealth}}: {{Lessons}} from {{Two Centuries}} of {{Inheritance Taxation}} | {{American Political Science Review}} | {{Cambridge Core}}},
+ howpublished = {https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/american-political-science-review/article/democracy-war-and-wealth-lessons-from-two-centuries-of-inheritance-taxation/9AE36F339225AA03F2E2A516E16CC2AB},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/7LC423AH/9AE36F339225AA03F2E2A516E16CC2AB.html}
+}
+
+@misc{DiagnosisTreatmentHepatocellular,
+ title = {The Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma - {{ClinicalKey}}},
+ howpublished = {https://www.clinicalkey.com/\#!/content/playContent/1-s2.0-S0740257016301174},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/3YN4S85J/www.clinicalkey.com.html}
+}
+
+@article{dolanAmbiguousCitationHannah2004,
+ title = {An {{Ambiguous Citation}} in {{Hannah Arendt}}'s {{The Human Condition}}},
+ author = {Dolan, Frederick M.},
+ year = {2004},
+ month = may,
+ journal = {Journal of Politics},
+ volume = {66},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {606--610},
+ issn = {00223816},
+ doi = {10.1111/j.1468-2508.2004.00166.x},
+ abstract = {Hannah Arendt's concept of natality is by common consent one of her most numinous contributions to political philosophy. Arendt introduces the idea in the course of her attempt to draw out the significance of the ever-present possibility that someone, somewhere, sometime might say or do something that makes possible a fresh start in the realm of human affairs ( , 247). She characterizes this ineradicable possibility as nothing less than ``the miracle that saves the world'' from the ruin to which it is otherwise subject. The greatest symbol of this possibility\textemdash ``its most glorious and succinct expression,'' Arendt says\textemdash is the Christian Gospels' announcement of ``glad tidings'': ``A child has been born unto us.'' It is this Christian figuration of the miraculous through the image of the newborn that gives Arendt the term ``natality.''},
+ keywords = {APOCRYPHAL Gospels,ARENDT; Hannah; 1906-1975,HUMAN Condition; The (Book),PHILOSOPHY,POLITICAL philosophy},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/4NPHDPXI/Dolan - 2004 - An Ambiguous Citation in Hannah Arendt's The Human.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{domeijInequalityTrendsSweden2010,
+ title = {Inequality Trends in {{Sweden}} 1978\textendash 2004},
+ author = {Domeij, David and Flod{\'e}n, Martin},
+ year = {2010},
+ month = jan,
+ journal = {Review of Economic Dynamics},
+ series = {Special Issue: {{Cross-Sectional Facts}} for {{Macroeconomists}}},
+ volume = {13},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {179--208},
+ issn = {1094-2025},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.red.2009.10.005},
+ abstract = {We document a clear increase in Swedish earnings inequality in the early 1990s, and that much of this increase was generated by movements in and out of the labor market. Inequality in disposable income and earnings net of taxes and transfers also increased, but much less than the increased inequality in pre-government earnings. These different developments are most likely explained by the generous Swedish welfare system. Consistent with these observations, we see no clear trend in consumption inequality. We also estimate stochastic processes for household earnings. A simple random-walk process captures much of the life-cycle dynamics. But we find clear evidence that the true earnings process is not a random walk. We demonstrate that some estimation methods result in severe upward bias in the estimated volatility of permanent shocks if serial correlation in temporary shocks is ignored. Our estimation results show that the increase in earnings inequality is almost entirely driven by an increase in residual earnings inequality. Moreover, this increase was mostly generated by an increased volatility of persistent shocks.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Consumption inequality,Income inequality,Stochastic earnings process},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/ENQRW47A/Domeij und Flodén - 2010 - Inequality trends in Sweden 1978–2004.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/QRMC4XZF/S109420250900060X.html}
+}
+
+@article{dreherInfluenceGlobalizationTaxes2006,
+ title = {The Influence of Globalization on Taxes and Social Policy: {{An}} Empirical Analysis for {{OECD}} Countries},
+ shorttitle = {The Influence of Globalization on Taxes and Social Policy},
+ author = {Dreher, Axel},
+ year = {2006},
+ month = mar,
+ journal = {European Journal of Political Economy},
+ volume = {22},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {179--201},
+ issn = {0176-2680},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2005.04.006},
+ abstract = {This paper uses panel regression for the period 1970\textendash 2000 to analyze whether globalization has influenced the OECD countries' social and overall spending, as well as the tax rates on labor, consumption and capital. Accounting for potential endogeneity of the regressors, the results show that globalization (measured by an index encompassing 23 variables) did not in general decrease leeway for independent national economic policy. Globalization even increased implicit tax rates on capital (as calculated by [Carey, D., Rabesona, J., 2002. Tax ratios on labour and capital income and on consumption. OECD Economic Studies 35]), a result that is mainly driven by economic integration. However, there seems to be competition over tax rates on capital when data based on legislation (as suggested by [Devereux, M.P., Griffith, R., 2003. Evaluating tax policy for location decisions. International Tax and Public Finance 10, 107\textendash 126]) is employed. Depending on the method of estimation, increasing social integration also influences policies, while political integration does not matter for economic policy in most specifications.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Dynamic panel,Economic policy,Globalization,Government expenditure,Implicit tax rates,Social spending,Tax competition},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/JS2F3QYI/S0176268005000480.html}
+}
+
+@article{driscollConsistentCovarianceMatrix1998,
+ title = {Consistent {{Covariance Matrix Estimation}} with {{Spatially Dependent Panel Data}}},
+ author = {Driscoll, John C. and Kraay, Aart C.},
+ year = {1998},
+ month = nov,
+ journal = {The Review of Economics and Statistics},
+ volume = {80},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {549--560},
+ issn = {0034-6535},
+ doi = {10.1162/003465398557825},
+ abstract = {Many panel data sets encountered in macroeconomics, international economics, regional science, and finance are characterized by cross-sectional or ``spatial'' dependence. Standard techniques that fail to account for this dependence will result in inconsistently estimated standard errors. In this paper we present conditions under which a simple extension of common nonparametric covariance matrix estimation techniques yields standard error estimates that are robust to very general forms of spatial and temporal dependence as the time dimension becomes large. We illustrate the relevance of this approach using Monte Carlo simulations and a number of empirical examples.},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/TU7WMCZA/003465398557825.html}
+}
+
+@article{dziubanWhenCorrelationMatrix1974,
+ title = {When Is a Correlation Matrix Appropriate for Factor Analysis? {{Some}} Decision Rules},
+ shorttitle = {When Is a Correlation Matrix Appropriate for Factor Analysis?},
+ author = {Dziuban, Charles D. and Shirkey, Edwin C.},
+ year = {1974},
+ journal = {Psychological Bulletin},
+ volume = {81},
+ number = {6},
+ pages = {358--361},
+ publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
+ address = {{US}},
+ issn = {1939-1455(Electronic),0033-2909(Print)},
+ doi = {10.1037/h0036316},
+ abstract = {Discusses 3 techniques for assessing the psychometric adequacy of correlation matrices; (a) computation of M. S. Bartlett's test of sphericity, (b) inspection of the off-diagonal elements of the anti-image covariance matrix, and (c) computation of the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin 1970 measure of sampling adequacy. The advantages and disadvantages of each are compared with respect to assessment of correlation matrices prior to factor analysis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)},
+ keywords = {Analysis of Covariance,Factor Analysis,Sampling (Experimental),Statistical Correlation}
+}
+
+@article{edwardsDistrictMagnitudePersonal2007,
+ title = {District Magnitude, Personal Votes, and Government Expenditures},
+ author = {Edwards, Martin S. and Thames, Frank C.},
+ year = {2007},
+ month = jun,
+ journal = {Electoral Studies},
+ volume = {26},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {338--345},
+ issn = {0261-3794},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.electstud.2006.06.008},
+ abstract = {Previous research has that proportional-representation systems produce higher levels of government spending than do majoritarian systems. In some studies, scholars use district magnitude to reach this conclusion, showing a positive relationship between it and government expenditure. Yet, Carey and Shugart [1995: Electoral Studies 14, 417] argue that the effect of district magnitude on government expenditure is, in reality, conditioned on the level of incentives for personal voting in the electoral system. We find support for this hypothesis with an empirical analysis of government expenditure in 77 democracies between 1970 and 2000.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {District magnitude,Fiscal policy,Government expenditure,Personal vote},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/X75MCYWS/S0261379406000679.html}
+}
+
+@incollection{el-seragEpidemiologyHepatocellularCarcinoma2020,
+ title = {Epidemiology of {{Hepatocellular Carcinoma}}},
+ booktitle = {The {{Liver}}},
+ author = {{El-Serag}, Hashem B.},
+ year = {2020},
+ pages = {758--772},
+ publisher = {{John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd}},
+ doi = {10.1002/9781119436812.ch59},
+ abstract = {Liver cancer, of which hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the dominant variety, represents the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. The geographic map of the incidence and mortality of HCC has changed over time. Regions that traditionally have lower incidence of HCC, such as North America and certain areas of Europe, have seen increased incidence, and regions that are traditionally high risk, such as Japan and China, have shown declining rates. This observation is likely due to changes in exposure to HCC risk factors, including chronic hepatitis C virus or hepatitis B virus infection, heavy alcohol consumption, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Cirrhosis is by and large the most significant risk factor and the foundation for most HCC surveillance programs. When looking at the contribution of risk factors on HCC burden, people must consider the population-attributable fraction, a combination measure of the prevalence of a condition and the risk estimate.},
+ chapter = {59},
+ isbn = {978-1-119-43681-2},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {cirrhosis,HCC risk factors,HCC surveillance programs,hepatocellular carcinoma,liver cancer,population-attributable fraction,sex differences},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/9781119436812.ch59},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/E923JMMA/El-Serag - 2020 - Epidemiology of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.pdf}
+}
+
+@misc{ericksonCancerGenomeAtlas2016,
+ title = {The {{Cancer Genome Atlas Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma Collection}} ({{TCGA-LIHC}})},
+ author = {Erickson, Bradley J. and Kirk, Shanah and Lee, Yueh and Bathe, Oliver and Kearns, Melissa and Gerdes, Cindy and {Rieger-Christ}, Kimberly and Lemmerman, John},
+ year = {2016},
+ publisher = {{The Cancer Imaging Archive}},
+ doi = {10.7937/K9/TCIA.2016.IMMQW8UQ},
+ abstract = {The Cancer Genome Atlas Liver Hepatocellular Carcinoma (TCGA-LIHC) data collection is part of a larger effort to build a research community focused on connecting cancer phenotypes to genotypes by providing clinical images matched to subjects from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Clinical, genetic, and pathological data resides in the Genomic Data Commons (GDC) Data Portal while the radiological data is stored on The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA). Matched TCGA patient identifiers allow researchers to explore the TCGA/TCIA databases for correlations between tissue genotype, radiological phenotype and patient outcomes. Tissues for TCGA were collected from many sites all over the world in order to reach their accrual targets, usually around 500 specimens per cancer type. For this reason the image data sets are also extremely heterogeneous in terms of scanner modalities, manufacturers and acquisition protocols. In most cases the images were acquired as part of routine care and not as part of a controlled research study or clinical trial.},
+ collaborator = {TCIA Team},
+ copyright = {Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported}
+}
+
+@article{erighaRaceGenderHollywood2015,
+ title = {Race, {{Gender}}, {{Hollywood}}: {{Representation}} in {{Cultural Production}} and {{Digital Media}}'s {{Potential}} for {{Change}}},
+ shorttitle = {Race, {{Gender}}, {{Hollywood}}},
+ author = {Erigha, Maryann},
+ year = {2015},
+ journal = {Sociology Compass},
+ volume = {9},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {78--89},
+ issn = {1751-9020},
+ doi = {10.1111/soc4.12237},
+ abstract = {Since its inception, the Hollywood industry has played an instrumental role in the mass dissemination of popular culture, both within the United States and globally. Yet, White men have almost exclusively created the narratives and myths that comprise Hollywood cultural production, while narratives by women and racial/ethnic minorities are fewer and less prominent. This article gives an overview of current research on racial and gender inequality in representation in the production of Hollywood film and television in the United States, with a focus on the contemporary era. Research on Hollywood cultural production points to a problematic trend of disadvantages in opportunities and outcomes facing women and racial/ethnic minorities, leading to the prevalence of stereotypes and a lack of diversity on-screen. However, transformations in technology that alter the production and dissemination of media present the possibility of decreasing inequality for women and racial/ethnic minorities.},
+ langid = {english},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/soc4.12237},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/MCD4479I/Erigha - 2015 - Race, Gender, Hollywood Representation in Cultura.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/VSE3D3RF/soc4.html}
+}
+
+@article{estesModelingEpidemicNonalcoholic2018,
+ title = {Modeling the Epidemic of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Demonstrates an Exponential Increase in Burden of Disease},
+ author = {Estes, Chris and Razavi, Homie and Loomba, Rohit and Younossi, Zobair and Sanyal, Arun J.},
+ year = {2018},
+ journal = {Hepatology},
+ volume = {67},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {123--133},
+ issn = {1527-3350},
+ doi = {10.1002/hep.29466},
+ abstract = {Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and resulting nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are highly prevalent in the United States, where they are a growing cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and increasingly an indicator for liver transplantation. A Markov model was used to forecast NAFLD disease progression. Incidence of NAFLD was based on historical and projected changes in adult prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Assumptions were derived from published literature where available and validated using national surveillance data for incidence of NAFLD-related HCC. Projected changes in NAFLD-related cirrhosis, advanced liver disease, and liver-related mortality were quantified through 2030. Prevalent NAFLD cases are forecasted to increase 21\%, from 83.1 million (2015) to 100.9 million (2030), while prevalent NASH cases will increase 63\% from 16.52 million to 27.00 million cases. Overall NAFLD prevalence among the adult population (aged {$\geq$}15 years) is projected at 33.5\% in 2030, and the median age of the NAFLD population will increase from 50 to 55 years during 2015-2030. In 2015, approximately 20\% of NAFLD cases were classified as NASH, increasing to 27\% by 2030, a reflection of both disease progression and an aging population. Incidence of decompensated cirrhosis will increase 168\% to 105,430 cases by 2030, while incidence of HCC will increase by 137\% to 12,240 cases. Liver deaths will increase 178\% to an estimated 78,300 deaths in 2030. During 2015-2030, there are projected to be nearly 800,000 excess liver deaths. Conclusion: With continued high rates of adult obesity and DM along with an aging population, NAFLD-related liver disease and mortality will increase in the United States. Strategies to slow the growth of NAFLD cases and therapeutic options are necessary to mitigate disease burden. (Hepatology 2018;67:123-133).},
+ langid = {english},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/hep.29466},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/KU7CYRA7/Estes et al. - 2018 - Modeling the epidemic of nonalcoholic fatty liver .pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/TCNLMCNZ/hep.html}
+}
+
+@book{EthnographicFilm,
+ title = {Ethnographic {{Film}}},
+ abstract = {Even before Robert Flaherty released Nanook of the North in 1922, anthropologists were producing films about the lifeways of native peoples for a public audience, as well as for research and teaching. Ethnographic Film (1976) was one of the first books to provide a comprehensive introduction to this field of visual anthropology, and it quickly became the standard reference.In this new edition, Karl G. Heider thoroughly updates Ethnographic Film to reflect developments in the field over the three decades since its publication, focusing on the work of four seminal filmmakers\textemdash Jean Rouch, John Marshall, Robert Gardner, and Timothy Asch. He begins with an introduction to ethnographic film and a history of the medium. He then considers many attributes of ethnographic film, including the crucial need to present "whole acts," "whole bodies," "whole interactions," and "whole people" to preserve the integrity of the cultural context. Heider also discusses numerous aspects of making ethnographic films, from ethics and finances to technical considerations such as film versus video and preserving the filmed record. He concludes with a look at using ethnographic film in teaching.},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/RLV3WITJ/surfhidden.html}
+}
+
+@article{europeanassociationforthestudyoftheliverEASLClinicalPractice2018,
+ title = {{{EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines}}: {{Management}} of Hepatocellular Carcinoma},
+ shorttitle = {{{EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines}}},
+ author = {{European Association For The Study Of The Liver}},
+ year = {2018},
+ month = jul,
+ journal = {Journal of Hepatology},
+ volume = {69},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {182--236},
+ issn = {0168-8278},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.jhep.2018.03.019},
+ abstract = {Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the second most frequent cause of cancer-related death globally. Hepatocellular carcinoma represents about 90\% of primary liver cancers and constitutes a major global health problem. The following Clinical Practice Guidelines will give up-to-date advice for the clinical management of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as providing an in-depth review of all the relevant data leading to the conclusions herein.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/9F8HD5NU/2018 - EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines Management of h.pdf}
+}
+
+@misc{EvaluatingUseExploratory,
+ title = {Evaluating the Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Psychological Research. - {{PsycNET}}},
+ abstract = {APA PsycNet DoiLanding page},
+ howpublished = {/doiLanding?doi=10.1037\%2F1082-989X.4.3.272},
+ langid = {english}
+}
+
+@misc{EvaluatingUseExploratorya,
+ title = {Evaluating the Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Psychological Research. - {{PsycNET}}},
+ abstract = {APA PsycNet DoiLanding page},
+ howpublished = {/doiLanding?doi=10.1037\%2F1082-989X.4.3.272},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/TYWATCSG/doiLanding.html}
+}
+
+@article{fabrigarEvaluatingUseExploratory1999,
+ title = {Evaluating the Use of Exploratory Factor Analysis in Psychological Research},
+ author = {Fabrigar, Leandre R. and Wegener, Duane T. and {Robert C. MacCallum} and Strahan, Erin J.},
+ year = {1999},
+ journal = {Psychological Methods},
+ volume = {4},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {272--299},
+ publisher = {{American Psychological Association}},
+ address = {{US}},
+ issn = {1939-1463(Electronic),1082-989X(Print)},
+ doi = {10.1037/1082-989X.4.3.272},
+ abstract = {Despite the widespread use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research, researchers often make questionable decisions when conducting these analyses. This article reviews the major design and analytical decisions that must be made when conducting a factor analysis and notes that each of these decisions has important consequences for the obtained results. Recommendations that have been made in the methodological literature are discussed. Analyses of 3 existing empirical data sets are used to illustrate how questionable decisions in conducting factor analyses can yield problematic results. The article presents a survey of 2 prominent journals that suggests that researchers routinely conduct analyses using such questionable methods. The implications of these practices for psychological research are discussed, and the reasons for current practices are reviewed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved)},
+ keywords = {Evaluation,Experimentation,Exploratory Factor Analysis,Factor Analysis,Psychology,Scientific Communication},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/ZJUS96YR/Fabrigar et al. - 1999 - Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis .pdf}
+}
+
+@article{fassinTrueLifeReal2014,
+ title = {True Life, Real Lives: {{Revisiting}} the Boundaries between Ethnography and Fiction},
+ shorttitle = {True Life, Real Lives},
+ author = {Fassin, Didier},
+ year = {2014},
+ journal = {American Ethnologist},
+ volume = {41},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {40--55},
+ issn = {1548-1425},
+ doi = {10.1111/amet.12059},
+ abstract = {Ethnography and fiction have long been in dialogue in their common endeavor to understand human life and through their shared foundation on writing. Recently, anthropologists and sociologists have expressed concern that the worlds they study might be depicted more compellingly, accurately, and profoundly by novelists or filmmakers than by social scientists. Discussing my work on the embodiment of history in South Africa and on urban policing in France in light of, respectively, J. M. Coetzee's novel The Life \& Times of Michael K and David Simon's television series The Wire, I analyze their commonalities and singularities. Using Marcel Proust's meditation on life and suggesting the heuristic value of distinguishing true life from real lives, I propose, first, to differentiate horizontal and vertical approaches to lives and, second, to complicate the dichotomy associating ethnography with the former and fiction with the latter. This reflection, which borrows from Georges Perec's rumination on the puzzle-maker, can be read as a defense of ethnography against a certain prevailing pessimism.},
+ keywords = {ethnography,fiction,imagination,life,writing},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/amet.12059},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/3IX423LZ/Fassin - 2014 - True life, real lives Revisiting the boundaries b.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/P7F9R2S7/amet.html}
+}
+
+@article{feiglEvidencedFormalCoverage2013,
+ title = {Evidenced {{Formal Coverage Index}} and Universal Healthcare Enactment: {{A}} Prospective Longitudinal Study of Economic, Social, and Political Predictors of 194 Countries},
+ shorttitle = {Evidenced {{Formal Coverage Index}} and Universal Healthcare Enactment},
+ author = {Feigl, Andrea B. and Ding, Eric L.},
+ year = {2013},
+ month = nov,
+ journal = {Health Policy},
+ volume = {113},
+ number = {1-2},
+ pages = {50--60},
+ publisher = {{Elsevier Ireland Ltd}},
+ address = {{Clare}},
+ issn = {0168-8510},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.healthpol.2013.06.009},
+ abstract = {Determinants of universal healthcare (UHC) are poorly empirically understood. We undertook a comprehensive study of UHC development using a novel Evidenced Formal Coverage (EFC) index that combines three key UHC elements: legal framework, population coverage, and accessibility. Applying the EFC index measures (legislation, {$>$}= 90\% skilled birth attendance, {$>$}= 85\% formal coverage) to 194 countries, aggregating time-varying data from 1880-2008, this study investigates which macro-economic, political, and social indicators are major longitudinal predictors of developing EFC globally, and in middle-income countries. Overall, 75 of 194 countries implemented legal-text UHC legislation, of which 51 achieved EFC. In a country-year prospective longitudinal analysis of EFC prediction, higher GDP-percapita (per GDP-per-capita doubling, relative risk [RR] = 1.77, 95\% CI: 1.49-2.10), higher primary school completion (per +20\% completion, RR = 2.30, 1.65-3.21), and higher adult literacy were significantly associated with achieving EFC. Results also identify a GDP-percapita of I\$5000 as a minimum level for development of EFC. GDP-per-capita and education were each robust predictors in middle-income countries, and education remained significant even controlling for time-varying GDP growth. For income-inequality, the GINI coefficient was suggestive in its role in predicting EFC (p = 0.024). For social and political indicators, a greater degree of ethnic fractionalization (per +25\%, RR= 0.51, 0.38-0.70), proportional electoral system (RR= 2.80, 1.22-6.40), and dictatorships (RR= 0.10, 0.05-0.27) were further associated with EFC. The novel EFC index and this longitudinal prospective study together indicate that investment in both economic growth and education should be seen of equal importance for development of UHC. Our findings help in understanding the social and political drivers of universal healthcare, especially for transitioning countries. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Access,Coverage,Economic growth,Educational attainment,gdp,growth,Health systems,Political determinants,Universal healthcare},
+ annotation = {WOS:000327807900007}
+}
+
+@article{fennema-notestineQuantitativeEvaluationAutomated2006,
+ title = {{Quantitative evaluation of automated skull-stripping methods applied to contemporary and legacy images: Effects of diagnosis, bias correction, and slice location}},
+ shorttitle = {{Quantitative evaluation of automated skull-stripping methods applied to contemporary and legacy images}},
+ author = {{Fennema-Notestine}, Christine and Ozyurt, I. Burak and Clark, Camellia P. and Morris, Shaunna and {Bischoff-Grethe}, Amanda and Bondi, Mark W. and Jernigan, Terry L. and Fischl, Bruce and Segonne, Florent and Shattuck, David W. and Leahy, Richard M. and Rex, David E. and Toga, Arthur W. and Zou, Kelly H. and Brown, Gregory G.},
+ year = {2006},
+ journal = {Human Brain Mapping},
+ volume = {27},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {99--113},
+ issn = {1097-0193},
+ doi = {10.1002/hbm.20161},
+ abstract = {Performance of automated methods to isolate brain from nonbrain tissues in magnetic resonance (MR) structural images may be influenced by MR signal inhomogeneities, type of MR image set, regional anatomy, and age and diagnosis of subjects studied. The present study compared the performance of four methods: Brain Extraction Tool (BET; Smith [2002]: Hum Brain Mapp 17:143\textendash 155); 3dIntracranial (Ward [1999] Milwaukee: Biophysics Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin; in AFNI); a Hybrid Watershed algorithm (HWA, Segonne et al. [2004] Neuroimage 22:1060\textendash 1075; in FreeSurfer); and Brain Surface Extractor (BSE, Sandor and Leahy [1997] IEEE Trans Med Imag 16:41\textendash 54; Shattuck et al. [2001] Neuroimage 13:856\textendash 876) to manually stripped images. The methods were applied to uncorrected and bias-corrected datasets; Legacy and Contemporary T1-weighted image sets; and four diagnostic groups (depressed, Alzheimer's, young and elderly control). To provide a criterion for outcome assessment, two experts manually stripped six sagittal sections for each dataset in locations where brain and nonbrain tissue are difficult to distinguish. Methods were compared on Jaccard similarity coefficients, Hausdorff distances, and an Expectation-Maximization algorithm. Methods tended to perform better on contemporary datasets; bias correction did not significantly improve method performance. Mesial sections were most difficult for all methods. Although AD image sets were most difficult to strip, HWA and BSE were more robust across diagnostic groups compared with 3dIntracranial and BET. With respect to specificity, BSE tended to perform best across all groups, whereas HWA was more sensitive than other methods. The results of this study may direct users towards a method appropriate to their T1-weighted datasets and improve the efficiency of processing for large, multisite neuroimaging studies. Hum. Brain Mapping, 2005. \textcopyright{} 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.},
+ langid = {french},
+ keywords = {aging,Alzheimer's disease,brain,image processing,MRI,statistics},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/hbm.20161},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/P63LZ89L/Fennema-Notestine et al. - 2006 - Quantitative evaluation of automated skull-strippi.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/778AHJF2/hbm.html}
+}
+
+@article{ferraraElectoralCoordinationStrategic2004,
+ title = {Electoral Coordination and the Strategic Desertion of Strong Parties in Compensatory Mixed Systems with Negative Vote Transfers},
+ author = {Ferrara, F.},
+ year = {2004},
+ month = sep,
+ journal = {Electoral Studies},
+ volume = {23},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {391--413},
+ publisher = {{Elsevier Sci Ltd}},
+ address = {{Oxford}},
+ issn = {0261-3794},
+ doi = {10.1016/s0261-3794(03)00028-3},
+ abstract = {Through the analysis of the 1994 and 1996 elections of Italy's Chamber of Deputies, this article examines the incentives that partially compensatory mixed-member majoritarian systems with negative vote transfers provide to voters and parties. I find that the plurality tier of such systems is not affected by contamination from the PR tier. In the PR tier, however, negative vote transfers are found to affect election results, beyond the mechanical correction of disproportionality, by providing voters with the incentive to defect from strong lists when district magnitude is small. I show that the PR tier is characterized by a negative relationship between district magnitude and the number of parties. These results are consistent with recent findings indicating that mixed systems are empirically distinct from pure PR and plurality systems. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {contamination effects,coordination,district magnitude,effective number,Italy,mixed systems,negative vote transfers,strategic voting},
+ annotation = {WOS:000224231300002}
+}
+
+@article{ferraraElectoralCoordinationStrategic2004a,
+ title = {Electoral Coordination and the Strategic Desertion of Strong Parties in Compensatory Mixed Systems with Negative Vote Transfers},
+ author = {Ferrara, F.},
+ year = {2004},
+ month = sep,
+ journal = {Electoral Studies},
+ volume = {23},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {391--413},
+ publisher = {{Elsevier Sci Ltd}},
+ address = {{Oxford}},
+ issn = {0261-3794},
+ doi = {10.1016/s0261-3794(03)00028-3},
+ abstract = {Through the analysis of the 1994 and 1996 elections of Italy's Chamber of Deputies, this article examines the incentives that partially compensatory mixed-member majoritarian systems with negative vote transfers provide to voters and parties. I find that the plurality tier of such systems is not affected by contamination from the PR tier. In the PR tier, however, negative vote transfers are found to affect election results, beyond the mechanical correction of disproportionality, by providing voters with the incentive to defect from strong lists when district magnitude is small. I show that the PR tier is characterized by a negative relationship between district magnitude and the number of parties. These results are consistent with recent findings indicating that mixed systems are empirically distinct from pure PR and plurality systems. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {contamination effects,coordination,district magnitude,effective number,Italy,mixed systems,negative vote transfers,strategic voting},
+ annotation = {WOS:000224231300002}
+}
+
+@article{ferreiraAppraisingCrossnationalIncome2015,
+ title = {Appraising Cross-National Income Inequality Databases: {{An}} Introduction},
+ shorttitle = {Appraising Cross-National Income Inequality Databases},
+ author = {Ferreira, Francisco H. G. and Lustig, Nora and Teles, Daniel},
+ year = {2015},
+ month = dec,
+ journal = {Journal of Economic Inequality},
+ volume = {13},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {497--526},
+ issn = {1569-1721},
+ doi = {10.1007/s10888-015-9316-0},
+ abstract = {In response to a growing interest in comparing inequality levels and trends across countries, a number of cross-national inequality databases are now available. These databases differ considerably in purpose, coverage, data sources, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and quality of documentation. This special issue reviews and compares eight such databases. Five are microdata-based: CEPALSTAT, Income Distribution Database (IDD), LIS, PovcalNet, and Socio-Economic Database for Latin America and the Caribbean (SEDLAC); two are based on secondary sources: "All the Ginis" (ATG) and the World Income Inequality Database (WIID); and one is generated entirely through multiple-imputation methods: the Standardized World Income Inequality Database (SWIID). Although there is much agreement across these databases, there is also a non-trivial share of country/year cells for which substantial discrepancies exist. In some cases, different databases would lead users to radically different conclusions about inequality dynamics in certain countries and periods. The methodological differences that lead to these discrepancies often appear to be driven by a fundamental trade-off between a wish for broader coverage on the one hand, and for greater comparability on the other. These differences across databases place considerable responsibility on both producers and users: on the former, to better document and explain their assumptions and procedures, and on the latter, to understand the data they are using, rather than merely taking it as true because available.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Inequality comparisons,Inequality databases,International inequality},
+ annotation = {WOS:000366846100002}
+}
+
+@incollection{forsterCrossCountryEvidenceMultiple2015,
+ title = {Cross-{{Country Evidence}} of the {{Multiple Causes}} of {{Inequality Changes}} in the {{OECD Area}}},
+ booktitle = {Handbook of {{Income Distribution}}},
+ author = {F{\"o}rster, Michael F. and T{\'o}th, Istv{\'a}n Gy{\"o}rgy},
+ year = {2015},
+ volume = {2},
+ pages = {1729--1843},
+ publisher = {{Elsevier}},
+ doi = {10.1016/B978-0-444-59429-7.00020-0},
+ isbn = {978-0-444-59430-3},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/NFUGFH6D/HoI_ch19_Forster_Toth_final_as-appeared.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{frankManagementHungerUsing2000,
+ title = {``{{The Management}} of {{Hunger}}'': {{Using Fiction}} in {{Writing Anthropology}}},
+ shorttitle = {``{{The Management}} of {{Hunger}}''},
+ author = {Frank, Katherine},
+ year = {2000},
+ month = dec,
+ journal = {Qualitative Inquiry},
+ volume = {6},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {474--488},
+ publisher = {{SAGE Publications Inc}},
+ issn = {1077-8004},
+ doi = {10.1177/107780040000600404},
+ abstract = {This piece is a short story based on the author?s fieldwork in contemporary U.S. strip clubs. The story revolves around an ongoing relationship between an exotic dancer and a married customer?a relationship that only exists inside the club and that is based on the mutual construction of fantasy. It is followed by a brief discussion of the use of fiction in experimental ethnography and of the author?s own motivations for and experiences in writing short fiction.},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/8CDVL753/Frank - 2000 - “The Management of Hunger” Using Fiction in Writi.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{fredrikssonLegislativeOrganizationPollution2007,
+ title = {Legislative {{Organization}} and {{Pollution Taxation}}},
+ author = {Fredriksson, Per G. and Millimet, Daniel L.},
+ year = {2007},
+ month = mar,
+ journal = {Public Choice},
+ volume = {131},
+ number = {1-2},
+ pages = {217--242},
+ issn = {0048-5829, 1573-7101},
+ doi = {10.1007/s11127-006-9114-0},
+ abstract = {The role of political institutions in shaping public policy has been analyzed in isolation from corruption, and legislative organization (specifically, bicameralism) has received minimal attention. We analyze pollution taxation when decisions are influenced by several veto players, such as legislative chambers. Our theory predicts that an increase in the number of veto players (e.g., moving from uni- to bi-cameralism) pushes the pollution tax towards the social optimum, with the effect being conditional on corruption. As such, dispersion around the optimal tax is lower under bicameralism. Empirical tests \textendash{} using data from 86 countries \textendash{} support the theory.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/APQYJLHT/Fredriksson und Millimet - 2007 - Legislative Organization and Pollution Taxation.pdf}
+}
+
+@book{freedmanFreedmanLawrenceOfficial2006,
+ title = {Freedman, {{Lawrence}}: {$\lnot$}{{The}}{$\lnot$} Official History of the {{Falklands Campaign}} - 2 /},
+ shorttitle = {Freedman, {{Lawrence}}},
+ author = {Freedman, Lawrence;},
+ year = {2006},
+ publisher = {{Routledge}},
+ address = {{London [u.a.]}},
+ isbn = {978-0-7146-5207-8},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/ID3SDPM3/0012371309.html}
+}
+
+@article{freedmanWarFalklandIslands1982,
+ title = {The {{War}} of the {{Falkland Islands}}, 1982},
+ author = {Freedman, Lawrence},
+ year = 1982,
+ journal = {Foreign Affairs},
+ volume = {61},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {196},
+ issn = {00157120},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/X8KZR6EE/Freedman - 1982 - The War of the Falkland Islands, 1982.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{friedmanAssessingThirdTransition2002,
+ title = {Assessing the {{Third Transition}} in {{Latin American Democratization}}: {{Representational Regimes}} and {{Civil Society}} in {{Argentina}} and {{Brazil}}},
+ shorttitle = {Assessing the {{Third Transition}} in {{Latin American Democratization}}},
+ author = {Friedman, Elisabeth Jay and Hochstetler, Kathryn},
+ year = {2002},
+ journal = {Comparative Politics},
+ volume = {35},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {21--42},
+ issn = {0010-4159},
+ doi = {10.2307/4146926},
+ abstract = {Recent political and economic transitions in Latin America have shaped a third transition in the nature of civil society and democratic representation. The conceptual territory of democratic representational regimes can be mapped out in four theoretical patterns of state-society relations: adversarial, delegative, deliberative, and cooptive. A comparison of representational regimes in state-society relations in Argentina and Brazil shows a shift in civil society towards organization in nongovernmental organizations, in addition to social movements. Despite this common characteristic, the different emerging representational regimes in these two countries carry different implications for the quality of democracy.}
+}
+
+@book{fuchsUmkaempfteGeschichteVergangenheitspolitik2010,
+ title = {{Umk\"ampfte Geschichte / Vergangenheitspolitik in Argentinien und Uruguay}},
+ author = {Fuchs, Ruth;},
+ year = {2010},
+ series = {{Hamburger Lateinamerikastudien ; Bd. 2}},
+ volume = {2},
+ publisher = {{LIT}},
+ address = {{Berlin ; M\"unster}},
+ isbn = {978-3-643-10507-3},
+ langid = {german},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/ZR5CHCIQ/0000825808.html}
+}
+
+@article{gagliarducciElectoralRulesPoliticians2011,
+ title = {Electoral {{Rules}} and {{Politicians}}' {{Behavior}}: {{A Micro Test}}},
+ shorttitle = {Electoral {{Rules}} and {{Politicians}}' {{Behavior}}},
+ author = {Gagliarducci, Stefano and Nannicini, Tommaso and Naticchioni, Paolo},
+ year = {2011},
+ month = aug,
+ journal = {American Economic Journal: Economic Policy},
+ volume = {3},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {144--174},
+ issn = {1945-7731, 1945-774X},
+ doi = {10.1257/pol.3.3.144},
+ abstract = {The normative implications of our empirical findings are mixed. The majoritarian system increases the possibility of monitoring politicians and their accountability (Persson and Tabellini 2000), improving their commitment to parliamentary work. At the same time, the majoritarian system stimulates the adoption of locally targeted (pork-barrel) projects, which may end up being overprovided at the expense of general interest policies (Lizzeri and Persico 2001). In this light, our findings call for a new effort by scholars in electoral engineering to devise a system that could both reduce the incentive for pork-barreling and keep politicians accountable for their actions.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/9UUEJX4A/pol.3.3.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{geddesWhatWeKnow1999,
+ title = {What {{Do We Know About Democratization After Twenty Years}}?},
+ author = {Geddes, Barbara},
+ year = {1999},
+ journal = {Annual Review of Political Science},
+ volume = {2},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {115--144},
+ doi = {10.1146/annurev.polisci.2.1.115},
+ abstract = {This essay synthesizes the results of the large number of studies of late\textendash 20th-century democratization published during the last 20 years. Strong evidence supports the claims that democracy is more likely in more developed countries and that regime transitions of all kinds are more likely during economic downturns. Very few of the other arguments advanced in the transitions literature, however, appear to be generally true. This study proposes a theoretical model, rooted in characteristics of different types of authoritarian regimes, to explain many of the differences in democratization experience across cases in different regions. Evidence drawn from a data set that includes 163 authoritarian regimes offers preliminary support for the model proposed.},
+ keywords = {authoritarian,democratization,military,regime,transition},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/WCJQTGHN/Geddes - 1999 - What Do We Know About Democratization After Twenty.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{gerberMedianVoterPreferences2004,
+ title = {Beyond the {{Median}}: {{Voter Preferences}}, {{District Heterogeneity}}, and {{Political Representation}}},
+ shorttitle = {Beyond the {{Median}}},
+ author = {Gerber, Elisabeth~R. and Lewis, Jeffrey~B.},
+ year = {2004},
+ journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
+ volume = {112},
+ number = {6},
+ pages = {1364--1383},
+ issn = {0022-3808},
+ doi = {10.1086/424737},
+ abstract = {Despite the centrality of the median voter prediction in political economy models, overwhelming empirical evidence shows that legislators regularly take positions that diverge significantly from the preferences of the median voter in their districts. However, all these empirical studies to date lack the necessary data to directly measure the preferences of the median voter. We utilize a unique data set consisting of individual-level voting data that allows us to construct direct measures of voter preferences. We find that legislators are most constrained by the preferences of the median voter in homogeneous districts.}
+}
+
+@article{gerberMedianVoterPreferences2004a,
+ title = {Beyond the Median: {{Voter}} Preferences, District Heterogeneity, and Political Representation},
+ shorttitle = {Beyond the Median},
+ author = {Gerber, E. R. and Lewis, J. B.},
+ year = {2004},
+ month = dec,
+ journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
+ volume = {112},
+ number = {6},
+ pages = {1364--1383},
+ issn = {0022-3808},
+ doi = {10.1086/424737},
+ abstract = {Despite the centrality of the median voter prediction in political economy models, overwhelming empirical evidence shows that legislators regularly take positions that diverge significantly from the preferences of the median voter in their districts. However, all these empirical studies to date lack the necessary data to directly measure the preferences of the median voter. We utilize a unique data set consisting of individual-level voting data that allows us to construct direct measures of voter preferences. We find that legislators are most constrained by the preferences of the median voter in homogeneous districts.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {constituent interest,economic-theory,legislator ideology,matter,senate,shirking,spatial model},
+ annotation = {WOS:000225029400007}
+}
+
+@article{gertnerBeagleChannelFrontier2014,
+ title = {The {{Beagle Channel}} Frontier Dispute between {{Argentina}} and {{Chile}}: {{Converging}} Domestic and International Conflicts},
+ shorttitle = {The {{Beagle Channel}} Frontier Dispute between {{Argentina}} and {{Chile}}},
+ author = {Gertner, Andres Villar},
+ year = {2014},
+ month = jun,
+ journal = {International Relations},
+ volume = {28},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {207--227},
+ issn = {0047-1178},
+ doi = {10.1177/0047117814526910},
+ abstract = {The Beagle Channel crisis (1977-1984) unfolded in a global political context. In other words, it was never solely a bilateral matter between Argentina and Chile, as many analyses have suggested. From the international arbitration to the participation of a third actor (the Vatican), the role of the United States, the Falklands war and the United Kingdom, the Beagle crisis had pronounced regional and international dimensions. Domestic structures and international conditions affected the Argentinian and Chilean foreign policies to different degrees. The Beagle crisis resolution has been explained by reference to the key role played by the Vatican. However, recently declassified US documents and interviews with key actors reveal a different story. International sanctions for human right violations were affecting both countries' leverage in the international community and creating internal political problems. This finding suggests that both countries were keen to use mediation as a strategy to remove human rights violations from the US agenda.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Argentina,Beagle Channel crisis,Chile,conflict resolution,Foreign Policy Analysis,frontier disputes,Latin American Politics},
+ annotation = {WOS:000338186200004}
+}
+
+@book{gijsbertsNationalismExclusionMigrants2017,
+ title = {Nationalism and {{Exclusion}} of {{Migrants}}: {{Cross-National Comparisons}}},
+ shorttitle = {Nationalism and {{Exclusion}} of {{Migrants}}},
+ author = {Gijsberts, M{\'e}rove and Hagendoorn, Louk},
+ year = {2017},
+ month = jul,
+ publisher = {{Taylor \& Francis}},
+ abstract = {The association of exclusionist and nationalist relations, termed ethnocentrism, has been previously explored within single-country contexts. Studies have shown that dispositional factors, such as social identity and personality traits, affect ethnocentric reactions and that attitudes differ between social categories. However, broader national and international explanations have been neglected in the literature. This book fills this major gap by providing a unique account of the relationship between nationalist attitudes and the exclusion of migrants across a range of European countries, the US, Canada and Australia. Drawing on a variety of comparative surveys, the authors assess whether ethnic exclusionist reactions and nationalist attitudes are indeed systematically related across countries, and whether variations in such attitudes reflect country-level as well as individual-level differences. The authors consider the multidimensionality of the concepts of nationalism and exclusionism as well as the empirical associations, and analyze the attitudes of both majority and minority groups within the countries studied.},
+ googlebooks = {DkUrDwAAQBAJ},
+ isbn = {978-1-351-91577-9},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Social Science / Emigration \& Immigration,Social Science / Human Geography}
+}
+
+@article{gilensAffirmativeActionPolitics1998,
+ title = {Affirmative {{Action}} and the {{Politics}} of {{Realignment}}},
+ author = {Gilens, Martin and Sniderman, Paul M. and Kuklinski, James H.},
+ year = {1998},
+ journal = {British Journal of Political Science},
+ volume = {28},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {159--183},
+ publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
+ issn = {0007-1234},
+ abstract = {Over the past thirty years, the Democratic party has carried the mantle of racial liberalism. The party's endorsements of equal rights, fair housing laws and school busing have cost it the support of some whites, but these losses have been concentrated at the periphery of the party, among those least committed to its guiding principles or most unsympathetic to its efforts on behalf of racial equality. We argue that with the rise of affirmative action as the primary vehicle to advance racial equality, racial politics have become divisive in a new way, and that opposition to affirmative action now encompasses whites within the liberal core of the Democratic party. Contrasting traditional survey measures of affirmative action attitudes with an experimentally-based, unobtrusive measure of opposition to affirmative action, we show that racially liberal whites are reluctant to admit their anger over racial preferences when confronted with traditional survey questions in a telephone interview. When measured with an unobtrusive instrument, however, white opposition to affirmative action is found to be just as strong among liberals as conservatives, among Democrats as Republicans, and among those most committed to racial harmony and equality as among those least committed to such values. We argue that whites' anger over affirmative action stems less from a lack of concern with racial equality than from a commitment to individual achievement and self-reliance. Thus, while core constituents of the Democratic party are more opposed to affirmative action than has previously been recognized, the Democrats can draw strength from the enduring commitment of many whites to the goal of racial equality.}
+}
+
+@article{golderIdeologicalCongruenceElectoral2010,
+ title = {Ideological {{Congruence}} and {{Electoral Institutions}}},
+ author = {Golder, Matt and Stramski, Jacek},
+ year = {2010},
+ journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
+ volume = {54},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {90--106},
+ issn = {1540-5907},
+ doi = {10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00420.x},
+ abstract = {Although the literature examining the relationship between ideological congruence and electoral rules is quite large, relatively little attention has been paid to how congruence should be conceptualized. As we demonstrate, empirical results regarding ideological congruence can depend on exactly how scholars conceptualize and measure it. In addition to clarifying various aspects of how scholars currently conceptualize congruence, we introduce a new conceptualization and measure of congruence that captures a long tradition in democratic theory emphasizing the ideal of having a legislature that accurately reflects the preferences of the citizenry as a whole. Our new measure is the direct counterpart for congruence of the vote-seat disproportionality measures so heavily used in comparative studies of representation. Using particularly appropriate data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, we find that governments in proportional democracies are not substantively more congruent than those in majoritarian democracies. Proportional democracies are, however, characterized by more representative legislatures.},
+ copyright = {\textcopyright 2010, Midwest Political Science Association},
+ langid = {english},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1540-5907.2009.00420.x},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/NBZJI9MR/j.1540-5907.2009.00420.html}
+}
+
+@book{gomez-morianaNationalIdentitiesSocioPolitical2013,
+ title = {National {{Identities}} and {{Socio-Political Changes}} in {{Latin America}}},
+ author = {{Gomez-Moriana}, Antonio and {Duran-Cogan}, Mercedes},
+ year = {2013},
+ month = oct,
+ publisher = {{Routledge}},
+ abstract = {This study frames the social dynamics of Latin American in terms of two types of cultural momentum: foundational momentum and the momentum of global order in contemporary Latin America.},
+ googlebooks = {PWjhAQAAQBAJ},
+ isbn = {978-1-135-66773-3},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {History / General,Political Science / History \& Theory,Social Science / Ethnic Studies / General}
+}
+
+@article{goodwillMediaRepresentationsPopular2019,
+ title = {Media Representations of Popular Culture Figures and the Construction of {{Black}} Masculinities.},
+ author = {Goodwill, Janelle R. and Anyiwo, Nkemka and Williams, Ed-Dee G. and Johnson, Natasha C. and Mattis, Jacqueline S. and Watkins, Daphne C.},
+ year = {2019},
+ month = jul,
+ journal = {Psychology of Men \& Masculinities},
+ volume = {20},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {288--298},
+ issn = {1939-151X, 1524-9220},
+ doi = {10.1037/men0000164},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/ZZJSB72N/Goodwill et al. - 2019 - Media representations of popular culture figures a.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{gorodzeiskyNotOnlyCompetitive2016,
+ title = {Not Only {{Competitive Threat}} but Also {{Racial Prejudice}}: {{Sources}} of {{Anti-Immigrant Attitudes}} in {{European Societies}}},
+ shorttitle = {Not Only {{Competitive Threat}} but Also {{Racial Prejudice}}},
+ author = {Gorodzeisky, Anastasia and Semyonov, Moshe},
+ year = {2016},
+ month = sep,
+ journal = {International Journal of Public Opinion Research},
+ volume = {28},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {331--354},
+ publisher = {{Oxford Academic}},
+ issn = {0954-2892},
+ doi = {10.1093/ijpor/edv024},
+ abstract = {Abstract. The article examines the role of prejudice toward racial and ethnic minorities in shaping attitudes toward immigrants across 19 European countries. P},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/QJTRNRPT/Gorodzeisky und Semyonov - 2016 - Not only Competitive Threat but also Racial Prejud.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/8J5BK4A5/1750622.html}
+}
+
+@article{gorodzeiskyTermsExclusionPublic2009,
+ title = {Terms of Exclusion: Public Views towards Admission and Allocation of Rights to Immigrants in {{European}} Countries},
+ shorttitle = {Terms of Exclusion},
+ author = {Gorodzeisky, Anastasia and Semyonov, Moshe},
+ year = {2009},
+ month = mar,
+ journal = {Ethnic and Racial Studies},
+ volume = {32},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {401--423},
+ issn = {0141-9870, 1466-4356},
+ doi = {10.1080/01419870802245851},
+ abstract = {The paper contends that exclusionary views towards out-group populations are formed along two dimensions: exclusion from the country and exclusion from equal rights. Data obtained from the European Social Survey (for twenty-one countries) reveal that objection to the admission of foreigners to the country is more pronounced than objection to the allocation of `equal rights'. The data further suggest that objection to admission can be directed either at all non-nationals or only at ethnic and racial minorities. `Total exclusionists' (i.e. support exclusion of all nonnationals) are more likely to support the denial of foreigners from equal rights than `racial exclusionists' (i.e. support only exclusion of ethnic minorities). Multi-level analyses show that support for exclusion is also influenced by socio-economic characteristics of individuals (e.g. education, political orientation) and characteristics of their countries (e.g. size of the non-European population). The findings are discussed in light of sociological theory.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/6RIIQZFA/Gorodzeisky und Semyonov - 2009 - Terms of exclusion public views towards admission.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{grayBlackMasculinityVisual1995,
+ title = {Black {{Masculinity}} and {{Visual Culture}}},
+ author = {Gray, Herman},
+ year = {1995},
+ journal = {Callaloo},
+ volume = {18},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {401--405},
+ publisher = {{Johns Hopkins University Press}},
+ issn = {0161-2492}
+}
+
+@article{grootIncomeInequalityRedistribution2016,
+ title = {Income Inequality, Redistribution and the Position of the Decisive Voter},
+ author = {Groot, Loek and {van der Linde}, Daan},
+ year = {2016},
+ month = sep,
+ journal = {The Journal of Economic Inequality},
+ volume = {14},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {269--287},
+ issn = {1573-8701},
+ doi = {10.1007/s10888-016-9333-7},
+ abstract = {A large literature explaining patterns of redistribution makes use of the median voter theorem. Using a novel approach, this contribution shows that in OECD countries the decisive voter, determined by the earner who sees her preferred tax rate being implemented, on average sits around the 50th percentile in the income distribution, although significant within and between country differences exist. Under the assumption of a lognormal distribution of gross income, we derive the required tax rate to align the observed gross and net Gini coefficients in OECD countries. This estimated tax rate is compared to the tax rate preferred by the median income earner, which gives a new index capturing a nation's deviation from the median voter position, measured as the difference between the estimated percentile position of the decisive voter and the 50th percentile position of the median voter. We provide a comparative overview of this index over time and between countries. We also locate the positions of alternative versions of the decisive voter, among which following the `one dollar, one vote' rule, in a Lorenz curve diagram.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/VBNTCBCZ/Groot und van der Linde - 2016 - Income inequality, redistribution and the position.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{grootIncomeInequalityRedistribution2016a,
+ title = {Income Inequality, Redistribution and the Position of the Decisive Voter},
+ author = {Groot, Loek and {van der Linde}, Daan},
+ year = {2016},
+ month = sep,
+ journal = {Journal of Economic Inequality},
+ volume = {14},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {269--287},
+ issn = {1569-1721},
+ doi = {10.1007/s10888-016-9333-7},
+ abstract = {A large literature explaining patterns of redistribution makes use of the median voter theorem. Using a novel approach, this contribution shows that in OECD countries the decisive voter, determined by the earner who sees her preferred tax rate being implemented, on average sits around the 50(th) percentile in the income distribution, although significant within and between country differences exist. Under the assumption of a lognormal distribution of gross income, we derive the required tax rate to align the observed gross and net Gini coefficients in OECD countries. This estimated tax rate is compared to the tax rate preferred by the median income earner, which gives a new index capturing a nation's deviation from the median voter position, measured as the difference between the estimated percentile position of the decisive voter and the 50(th) percentile position of the median voter. We provide a comparative overview of this index over time and between countries. We also locate the positions of alternative versions of the decisive voter, among which following the 'one dollar, one vote' rule, in a Lorenz curve diagram.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Democracy,Lognormal distribution,Lorenz curve,Median voter theorem,redistribution,size distribution,state,turnout},
+ annotation = {WOS:000381219700002}
+}
+
+@article{grundlerDeterminantsGovernmentalRedistribution2017,
+ title = {Determinants of Governmental Redistribution: {{Income}} Distribution, Development Levels, and the Role of Perceptions},
+ shorttitle = {Determinants of Governmental Redistribution},
+ author = {Gr{\"u}ndler, Klaus and K{\"o}llner, Sebastian},
+ year = {2017},
+ month = dec,
+ journal = {Journal of Comparative Economics},
+ volume = {45},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {930--962},
+ issn = {0147-5967},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.jce.2016.10.007},
+ abstract = {We empirically investigate the relationship between income inequality and redistribution, accounting for the shape of the income distribution, different development levels, and subjective perceptions. Cross-national inequality datasets that have become available only recently allow for the assessment of the link for various sample compositions and several model specifications. Our results confirm the Meltzer-Richard hypothesis, but suggest that the relation between market inequality and redistribution is even stronger when using perceived inequality measures. The findings emphasize a decisive role of the middle class, though also approving a negative impact of top incomes. The Meltzer-Richard effect is less pronounced in developing economies with less sophisticated political rights, illustrating that it is the political channel through which higher inequality translates into more redistribution.},
+ keywords = {Dynamic panel data,inequality,Perceived inequality,redistribution},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/97EF5ZF4/S0147596716300701.html}
+}
+
+@article{guberNacionalismoAutoritarismoAlgunas2012,
+ title = {\textquestiondown{{Nacionalismo}} y Autoritarismo? {{Algunas}} Lecciones de La Experiencia de {{Malvinas}}},
+ shorttitle = {\textquestiondown{{Nacionalismo}} y Autoritarismo?},
+ author = {Guber, Rosana},
+ year = {2012},
+ month = jul,
+ journal = {Nationalism and authoritarianism? Some lessons about the Malvinas/Falkland Islands.},
+ volume = {16},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {19--30},
+ issn = {03289702},
+ abstract = {Argentinian academic literature has naturalized the relationship between the symbol "nation" and the political actors of the ideological authoritarian formation. Starting from the authors that proclaimed the country defense against the ideological threats (communism and anarchism) and the huge immigration at the beginning of 20th century, that literature considers the national request as an easy resource to manipulate the popular will in authoritarian systems. This article examines this supposition critically, analyzing the Malvinas/Falkland cause historically and its emergence in 1982 when the argentinian recovery of the south atlantic islands, and demonstrates that the national request was the legitimate channel of political struggle during the tumultuous Argentinian 20th century. (English)},
+ keywords = {20TH century,Argentina,Argentina -- Literatures,Authoritarianism,autoritarismo,Falkland Islands,HISTORY,Malvinas,Malvinas/Falkland Islands,Nación,nacionalismo,Nation,Nationalism}
+}
+
+@article{guptaAbbreviatedMRIHepatocellular2021,
+ title = {Abbreviated {{MRI}} for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Screening: {{A}} Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis},
+ shorttitle = {Abbreviated {{MRI}} for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Screening},
+ author = {Gupta, Pankaj and Soundararajan, Raghuraman and Patel, Ankur and {Kumar-M}, Praveen and Sharma, Vishal and Kalra, Naveen},
+ year = {2021},
+ month = jul,
+ journal = {Journal of Hepatology},
+ volume = {75},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {108--119},
+ issn = {0168-8278},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.jhep.2021.01.041},
+ abstract = {Background \& Aims Biannual ultrasound has poor sensitivity for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) screening. MRI is accurate for the detection of HCC, but a complete MRI is not feasible as a screening tool. Abbreviated MRI (AMRI) is an acceptable alternative. The diagnostic performance of different AMRI protocols is not known. We performed a systematic review to determine the diagnostic accuracy of AMRI for HCC screening. Methods We searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases for studies reporting the diagnostic accuracy of AMRI for HCC screening. The pooled sensitivity and specificity of different AMRI protocols were calculated based on a random intercept logistic regression model. The diagnostic performance of AMRI was compared with ultrasound. Study quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. Results Of the 11,327 studies screened by titles, 15 studies (3 prospective and 12 retrospective: 2,807 patients, 917 with HCC) were included in the final analysis. The pooled per-patient sensitivity and specificity were 86\% (95\% CI 84\textendash 88\%, I2 0\%) and 94\% (95\% CI 91\textendash 96\%, I2 83\%), respectively. Pooled per-lesion sensitivity was 77\% (95\% CI 74\textendash 81\%, I2 8\%). There was no influence of study type, screening setting, reference standard, and presence and etiology of cirrhosis on the performance of AMRI. The sensitivity of AMRI for detection of HCC {$<$}2~cm was lower than that for HCC {$\geq$}2~cm (69\% vs. 86\%). The sensitivity and specificity of non-contrast AMRI were comparable to contrast-enhanced AMRI (86\% and 94\% vs. 87\% and 94\%, respectively). The diagnostic performance of different non-contrast AMRI and contrast-enhanced AMRI protocols was comparable. The sensitivity of ultrasound was lower than AMRI (53\% vs. 82\%). Conclusions AMRI has high sensitivity and specificity for HCC screening. Different AMRI protocols have comparable diagnostic performance. Lay summary Abbreviated MRI (AMRI) has been suggested as an alternative to ultrasound and complete MRI for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) screening. Our study results showed that AMRI has a high per-patient and per-lesion sensitivity for HCC. Although the sensitivity of AMRI for detection of HCC {$<$}2~cm is considerably lower than for HCC {$\geq$}2~cm, it is substantially higher than ultrasound, making it a potential alternative for HCC screening in high-risk populations.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Liver cancer,Risk assessment,Surveillance},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/HTWA7S8M/Gupta et al. - 2021 - Abbreviated MRI for hepatocellular carcinoma scree.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{hadawayWhatPollsDon1993,
+ title = {What the {{Polls Don}}'t {{Show}}: {{A Closer Look}} at {{U}}.{{S}}. {{Church Attendance}}},
+ shorttitle = {What the {{Polls Don}}'t {{Show}}},
+ author = {Hadaway, C. Kirk and Marler, Penny Long and Chaves, Mark},
+ year = {1993},
+ journal = {American Sociological Review},
+ volume = {58},
+ number = {6},
+ pages = {741--752},
+ publisher = {{[American Sociological Association, Sage Publications, Inc.]}},
+ issn = {0003-1224},
+ doi = {10.2307/2095948},
+ abstract = {Characterizations of religious life in the United States typically reference poll data on church attendance. Consistently high levels of participation reported in these data suggest an exceptionally religious population, little affected by secularizing trends. This picture of vitality, however, contradicts other empirical evidence indicating declining strength among many religious institutions. Using a variety of data sources and data collection procedures, we estimate that church attendance rates for Protestants and Catholics are, in fact, approximately one-half the generally accepted levels.},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/VET88E5C/Hadaway et al. - 1993 - What the Polls Don't Show A Closer Look at U.S. C.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{hammDeepLearningLiver2019,
+ title = {Deep Learning for Liver Tumor Diagnosis Part {{I}}: Development of a Convolutional Neural Network Classifier for Multi-Phasic {{MRI}}},
+ shorttitle = {Deep Learning for Liver Tumor Diagnosis Part {{I}}},
+ author = {Hamm, Charlie A. and Wang, Clinton J. and Savic, Lynn J. and Ferrante, Marc and Schobert, Isabel and Schlachter, Todd and Lin, MingDe and Duncan, James S. and Weinreb, Jeffrey C. and Chapiro, Julius and Letzen, Brian},
+ year = {2019},
+ month = jul,
+ journal = {European Radiology},
+ volume = {29},
+ number = {7},
+ pages = {3338--3347},
+ issn = {1432-1084},
+ doi = {10.1007/s00330-019-06205-9},
+ abstract = {OBJECTIVES: To develop and validate a proof-of-concept convolutional neural network (CNN)-based deep learning system (DLS) that classifies common hepatic lesions on multi-phasic MRI. METHODS: A custom CNN was engineered by iteratively optimizing the network architecture and training cases, finally consisting of three convolutional layers with associated rectified linear units, two maximum pooling layers, and two fully connected layers. Four hundred ninety-four hepatic lesions with typical imaging features from six categories were utilized, divided into training (n\,=\,434) and test (n\,=\,60) sets. Established augmentation techniques were used to generate 43,400 training samples. An Adam optimizer was used for training. Monte Carlo cross-validation was performed. After model engineering was finalized, classification accuracy for the final CNN was compared with two board-certified radiologists on an identical unseen test set. RESULTS: The DLS demonstrated a 92\% accuracy, a 92\% sensitivity (Sn), and a 98\% specificity (Sp). Test set performance in a single run of random unseen cases showed an average 90\% Sn and 98\% Sp. The average Sn/Sp on these same cases for radiologists was 82.5\%/96.5\%. Results showed a 90\% Sn for classifying hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared to 60\%/70\% for radiologists. For HCC classification, the true positive and false positive rates were 93.5\% and 1.6\%, respectively, with a receiver operating characteristic area under the curve of 0.992. Computation time per lesion was 5.6~ms. CONCLUSION: This preliminary deep learning study demonstrated feasibility for classifying lesions with typical imaging features from six common hepatic lesion types, motivating future studies with larger multi-institutional datasets and more complex imaging appearances. KEY POINTS: \textbullet{} Deep learning demonstrates high performance in the classification of liver lesions on volumetric multi-phasic MRI, showing~potential as an eventual decision-support tool for radiologists. \textbullet{} Demonstrating a classification runtime of a few milliseconds per lesion, a deep learning system could be incorporated into the clinical workflow in a time-efficient manner.},
+ langid = {english},
+ pmcid = {PMC7251621},
+ pmid = {31016442},
+ keywords = {Adult,Aged,Artificial intelligence,Bile Duct Neoplasms,Bile Ducts; Intrahepatic,Carcinoma; Hepatocellular,Cholangiocarcinoma,Deep learning,Deep Learning,Female,Humans,Image Interpretation; Computer-Assisted,Liver cancer,Liver Neoplasms,Magnetic Resonance Imaging,Male,Middle Aged,Neural Networks; Computer,Reproducibility of Results,ROC Curve,Sensitivity and Specificity,United States},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/SFL98EK2/Hamm et al. - 2019 - Deep learning for liver tumor diagnosis part I de.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{hannaComparative13yearMetaanalysis2016,
+ title = {Comparative 13-Year Meta-Analysis of the Sensitivity and Positive Predictive Value of Ultrasound, {{CT}}, and {{MRI}} for Detecting Hepatocellular Carcinoma},
+ author = {Hanna, Robert F. and Miloushev, Vesselin Z. and Tang, An and Finklestone, Lee A. and Brejt, Sidney Z. and Sandhu, Ranjit S. and Santillan, Cynthia S. and Wolfson, Tanya and Gamst, Anthony and Sirlin, Claude B.},
+ year = {2016},
+ month = jan,
+ journal = {Abdominal Radiology},
+ volume = {41},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {71--90},
+ issn = {2366-0058},
+ doi = {10.1007/s00261-015-0592-8},
+ abstract = {To compare the per-lesion sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) of ultrasonography (US), computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Computed tomography,Diagnostic performance,Hepatocellular carcinoma,Magnetic resonance imaging,Meta-analysis,Ultrasound},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/D6VLRXP2/Hanna et al. - 2016 - Comparative 13-year meta-analysis of the sensitivi.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{hansonEducationalReformTransition1997,
+ title = {Educational Reform and the Transition from Authoritarian to Democratic Governments: {{The}} Cases of {{Argentina}}, {{Colombia}}, {{Venezuela}}, and {{Spain}}},
+ shorttitle = {Educational Reform and the Transition from Authoritarian to Democratic Governments},
+ author = {Hanson, E. M.},
+ year = {1997},
+ month = oct,
+ journal = {International Journal of Educational Development},
+ volume = {17},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {439--448},
+ issn = {0738-0593},
+ doi = {10.1016/S0738-0593(97)00021-7},
+ abstract = {The transition from an authoritarian to a democratic form of government marks a turning point of historic proportions in the annals of any nation. This paper asks the question, during the first decade following such a transition, do the newly democratized nations demonstrate any common patterns of educational reform? In exploring this issue, pre-and post-transition comparisons were made in four Hispanic nations regarding the critical areas of educational finance, curriculum development, student enrollment, and the concentration of power. The author used a conventional field study research methodology to gather data following the transitions in Colombia, Argentina, Venezuela and Spain. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.},
+ langid = {english},
+ annotation = {WOS:A1997YH39800008}
+}
+
+@article{harding-theobaldSystematicReviewRadiomics2021,
+ title = {Systematic Review: Radiomics for the Diagnosis and Prognosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma},
+ shorttitle = {Systematic Review},
+ author = {{Harding-Theobald}, Emily and Louissaint, Jeremy and Maraj, Bharat and Cuaresma, Edward and Townsend, Whitney and {Mendiratta-Lala}, Mishal and Singal, Amit G. and Su, Grace L. and Lok, Anna S. and Parikh, Neehar D.},
+ year = {2021},
+ journal = {Alimentary Pharmacology \& Therapeutics},
+ volume = {54},
+ number = {7},
+ pages = {890--901},
+ issn = {1365-2036},
+ doi = {10.1111/apt.16563},
+ abstract = {Background Advances in imaging technology have the potential to transform the early diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) through quantitative image analysis. Computational ``radiomic'' techniques extract biomarker information from images which can be used to improve diagnosis and predict tumour biology. Aims To perform a systematic review on radiomic features in HCC diagnosis and prognosis, with a focus on reporting metrics and methodologic standardisation. Methods We performed a systematic review of all full-text articles published from inception through December 1, 2019. Standardised data extraction and quality assessment metrics were applied to all studies. Results A total of 54 studies were included for analysis. Radiomic features demonstrated good discriminatory performance to differentiate HCC from other solid lesions (c-statistics 0.66-0.95), and to predict microvascular invasion (c-statistic 0.76-0.92), early recurrence after hepatectomy (c-statistics 0.71-0.86), and prognosis after locoregional or systemic therapies (c-statistics 0.74-0.81). Common stratifying features for diagnostic and prognostic radiomic tools included analyses of imaging skewness, analysis of the peritumoural region, and feature extraction from the arterial imaging phase. The overall quality of the included studies was low, with common deficiencies in both internal and external validation, standardised imaging segmentation, and lack of comparison to a gold standard. Conclusions Quantitative image analysis demonstrates promise as a non-invasive biomarker to improve HCC diagnosis and management. However, standardisation of protocols and outcome measurement, sharing of algorithms and analytic methods, and external validation are necessary prior to widespread application of radiomics to HCC diagnosis and prognosis in clinical practice.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {biomarker,early detection,HCC,MRI,prognosis,radiogenomics},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/apt.16563},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/USYTHK5W/Harding-Theobald et al. - 2021 - Systematic review radiomics for the diagnosis and.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{hartkeDiagnosisTreatmentHepatocellular2017,
+ title = {The Diagnosis and Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma},
+ author = {Hartke, Justin and Johnson, Matthew and Ghabril, Marwan},
+ year = {2017},
+ month = mar,
+ journal = {Seminars in Diagnostic Pathology},
+ series = {Liver {{Tumors}}: {{Aper\c{c}u}}},
+ volume = {34},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {153--159},
+ issn = {0740-2570},
+ doi = {10.1053/j.semdp.2016.12.011},
+ abstract = {Hepatocellular carcinoma is a leading cancer worldwide. Its incidence is increasing, and is closely related to advanced liver disease. Cirrhosis represents the greatest risk factor for this malignancy, and is the main indication for screening and surveillance. The diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma can frequently, and uniquely, be made on characteristic multiphase contrast based cross-sectional imaging rather than strict need for tissue sampling. Despite advances in medical, locoregional and surgical therapies, hepatocellular carcinoma remains one of the most common causes of cancer-related death globally. In this review, current approaches to management of hepatocellular carcinoma are discussed, which incorporate both tumor and patient factors. The salient considerations in surgical (resection, liver transplantation), locoregional (ablation and embolic therapies) and medical therapies are highlighted.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer system,Cirrhosis,Diagnosis,Liver transplantation,Locoregional therapy,Resection,Screening,Treatment},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/NKFJW4H3/S0740257016301174.html}
+}
+
+@article{hattMachineDeepLearning2019,
+ title = {Machine ({{Deep}}) {{Learning Methods}} for {{Image Processing}} and {{Radiomics}}},
+ author = {Hatt, Mathieu and Parmar, Chintan and Qi, Jinyi and El Naqa, Issam},
+ year = {2019},
+ month = mar,
+ journal = {IEEE Transactions on Radiation and Plasma Medical Sciences},
+ volume = {3},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {104--108},
+ issn = {2469-7303},
+ doi = {10.1109/TRPMS.2019.2899538},
+ abstract = {Methods from the field of machine (deep) learning have been successful in tackling a number of tasks in medical imaging, from image reconstruction or processing to predictive modeling, clinical planning and decision-aid systems. The ever growing availability of data and the improving ability of algorithms to learn from them has led to the rise of methods based on neural networks to address most of these tasks with higher efficiency and often superior performance than previous, ``shallow'' machine learning methods. The present editorial aims at contextualizing within this framework the recent developments of these techniques, including these described in the papers published in the present special issue on machine (deep) learning for image processing and radiomics in radiation-based medical sciences.},
+ keywords = {Deep learning,machine learning,Machine learning,radiomics,Radiomics,Special issues and sections},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/P9AEZSAK/Hatt et al. - 2019 - Machine (Deep) Learning Methods for Image Processi.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/RYEC86P3/8657645.html}
+}
+
+@article{hectorsMRIRadiomicsFeatures2020,
+ title = {{{MRI}} Radiomics Features Predict Immuno-Oncological Characteristics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma},
+ author = {Hectors, Stefanie J. and Lewis, Sara and Besa, Cecilia and King, Michael J. and Said, Daniela and Putra, Juan and Ward, Stephen and Higashi, Takaaki and Thung, Swan and Yao, Shen and Laface, Ilaria and Schwartz, Myron and Gnjatic, Sacha and Merad, Miriam and Hoshida, Yujin and Taouli, Bachir},
+ year = {2020},
+ month = jul,
+ journal = {European Radiology},
+ volume = {30},
+ number = {7},
+ pages = {3759--3769},
+ issn = {1432-1084},
+ doi = {10.1007/s00330-020-06675-2},
+ abstract = {To assess the value of qualitative and quantitative MRI radiomics features for noninvasive prediction of immuno-oncologic characteristics and outcomes of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Correlation of data,Genomics,Hepatocellular carcinoma,Immunophenotyping,Magnetic resonance imaging},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/RCQIUFC7/Hectors et al. - 2020 - MRI radiomics features predict immuno-oncological .pdf}
+}
+
+@misc{heDeepResidualLearning2015,
+ title = {Deep {{Residual Learning}} for {{Image Recognition}}},
+ author = {He, Kaiming and Zhang, Xiangyu and Ren, Shaoqing and Sun, Jian},
+ year = {2015},
+ month = dec,
+ number = {arXiv:1512.03385},
+ eprint = {1512.03385},
+ eprinttype = {arxiv},
+ primaryclass = {cs},
+ publisher = {{arXiv}},
+ doi = {10.48550/arXiv.1512.03385},
+ abstract = {Deeper neural networks are more difficult to train. We present a residual learning framework to ease the training of networks that are substantially deeper than those used previously. We explicitly reformulate the layers as learning residual functions with reference to the layer inputs, instead of learning unreferenced functions. We provide comprehensive empirical evidence showing that these residual networks are easier to optimize, and can gain accuracy from considerably increased depth. On the ImageNet dataset we evaluate residual nets with a depth of up to 152 layers---8x deeper than VGG nets but still having lower complexity. An ensemble of these residual nets achieves 3.57\% error on the ImageNet test set. This result won the 1st place on the ILSVRC 2015 classification task. We also present analysis on CIFAR-10 with 100 and 1000 layers. The depth of representations is of central importance for many visual recognition tasks. Solely due to our extremely deep representations, we obtain a 28\% relative improvement on the COCO object detection dataset. Deep residual nets are foundations of our submissions to ILSVRC \& COCO 2015 competitions, where we also won the 1st places on the tasks of ImageNet detection, ImageNet localization, COCO detection, and COCO segmentation.},
+ archiveprefix = {arXiv},
+ keywords = {Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/LX5TWKJ8/He et al. - 2015 - Deep Residual Learning for Image Recognition.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/QWN9TZXW/1512.html}
+}
+
+@article{heerwigEducationSocialDesirability2009,
+ title = {Education and {{Social Desirability Bias}}: {{The Case}} of a {{Black Presidential Candidate}}*},
+ shorttitle = {Education and {{Social Desirability Bias}}},
+ author = {Heerwig, Jennifer A. and McCabe, Brian J.},
+ year = {2009},
+ journal = {Social Science Quarterly},
+ volume = {90},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {674--686},
+ issn = {1540-6237},
+ doi = {10.1111/j.1540-6237.2009.00637.x},
+ abstract = {Objective. Survey research consistently reports a positive association between educational attainment and socially tolerant attitudes, but critics hold that respondents with high levels of education may simply purport to hold attitudes seen as socially desirable. In this article, we seek to adjudicate between the claim that the association between education and social tolerance is simply an artifact of sophisticated social desirability reporting on the part of well-educated respondents and the competing theory that education has a real impact on increasing forms of social tolerance. Methods. Using support for a black presidential candidate as our measure of social tolerance, we utilize an innovative online list experiment to test whether high levels of support are inflated because of social desirability reporting among the educational elite. Results. We find no evidence of systematic overreporting of support for a black presidential candidate among respondents with high levels of education, and note that social desirability bias declines as educational attainment increases. Conclusions. This research bolsters arguments about the liberalizing effect of education on socially tolerant attitudes, and challenges evidence that attributes this relationship to high levels of social desirability bias.},
+ langid = {english},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2009.00637.x},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/T8V7HJUT/Heerwig und McCabe - 2009 - Education and Social Desirability Bias The Case o.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/JKI7TQAE/j.1540-6237.2009.00637.html}
+}
+
+@article{heerwigEducationSocialDesirability2009a,
+ title = {Education and {{Social Desirability Bias}}: {{The Case}} of a {{Black Presidential Candidate}}*},
+ shorttitle = {Education and {{Social Desirability Bias}}},
+ author = {Heerwig, Jennifer A. and McCabe, Brian J.},
+ year = {2009},
+ journal = {Social Science Quarterly},
+ volume = {90},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {674--686},
+ issn = {1540-6237},
+ doi = {10.1111/j.1540-6237.2009.00637.x},
+ abstract = {Objective. Survey research consistently reports a positive association between educational attainment and socially tolerant attitudes, but critics hold that respondents with high levels of education may simply purport to hold attitudes seen as socially desirable. In this article, we seek to adjudicate between the claim that the association between education and social tolerance is simply an artifact of sophisticated social desirability reporting on the part of well-educated respondents and the competing theory that education has a real impact on increasing forms of social tolerance. Methods. Using support for a black presidential candidate as our measure of social tolerance, we utilize an innovative online list experiment to test whether high levels of support are inflated because of social desirability reporting among the educational elite. Results. We find no evidence of systematic overreporting of support for a black presidential candidate among respondents with high levels of education, and note that social desirability bias declines as educational attainment increases. Conclusions. This research bolsters arguments about the liberalizing effect of education on socially tolerant attitudes, and challenges evidence that attributes this relationship to high levels of social desirability bias.},
+ copyright = {\textcopyright{} 2009 by the Southwestern Social Science Association},
+ langid = {english},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2009.00637.x},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/KRTUFT53/Heerwig und McCabe - 2009 - Education and Social Desirability Bias The Case o.pdf}
+}
+
+@book{heiderEthnographicFilmRevised2009,
+ title = {Ethnographic {{Film}}: {{Revised Edition}}},
+ shorttitle = {Ethnographic {{Film}}},
+ author = {Heider, Karl G.},
+ year = {2009},
+ month = apr,
+ publisher = {{University of Texas Press}},
+ abstract = {Even before Robert Flaherty released Nanook of the North in 1922, anthropologists were producing films about the lifeways of native peoples for a public audience, as well as for research and teaching. Ethnographic Film (1976) was one of the first books to provide a comprehensive introduction to this field of visual anthropology, and it quickly became the standard reference.In this new edition, Karl G. Heider thoroughly updates Ethnographic Film to reflect developments in the field over the three decades since its publication, focusing on the work of four seminal filmmakers\textemdash Jean Rouch, John Marshall, Robert Gardner, and Timothy Asch. He begins with an introduction to ethnographic film and a history of the medium. He then considers many attributes of ethnographic film, including the crucial need to present "whole acts," "whole bodies," "whole interactions," and "whole people" to preserve the integrity of the cultural context. Heider also discusses numerous aspects of making ethnographic films, from ethics and finances to technical considerations such as film versus video and preserving the filmed record. He concludes with a look at using ethnographic film in teaching.},
+ googlebooks = {J9vQJ68DpvwC},
+ isbn = {978-0-292-77939-6},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Performing Arts / Film / History \& Criticism,Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural \& Social}
+}
+
+@book{heinzNeueDemokratienUnd2001,
+ title = {{Neue Demokratien und Milit\"ar in Lateinamerika / die Erfahrungen in Argentinien und Brasilien (1983 - 1999)}},
+ author = {Heinz, Wolfgang S. ;},
+ year = {2001},
+ series = {{Editionen der Iberoamericana : Serie C, Geschichte und Gesellschaft ; 7}},
+ volume = {7},
+ publisher = {{Vervuert}},
+ address = {{Frankfurt am Main}},
+ isbn = {978-3-89354-888-0},
+ langid = {german},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/Q8RT5KS7/0002789658.html}
+}
+
+@article{helgasonIncomebasedVotingPolarization2016,
+ title = {Income-Based Voting and Polarization over Redistribution under Alternative Electoral Systems},
+ author = {Helgason, Agnar Freyr},
+ year = {2016},
+ month = jun,
+ journal = {Electoral Studies},
+ volume = {42},
+ pages = {22--32},
+ issn = {0261-3794},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.electstud.2016.01.005},
+ abstract = {Democracies that have proportional electoral systems spend substantively more on welfare policies than those that have majoritarian systems. Theoretical accounts of this empirical regularity are generally tested using macro-level data, leaving micro-level implications untested. In this paper, I take an alternative approach, leveraging the fact that the theories in question make predictions about the electoral coordination between parties and voters around broad-based redistribution under alternative institutional arrangements. To test the theories, I create a novel measure of income-based voting, which captures the sensitivity of vote choice to changes in income and forms the dependent variable in a second stage model. Overall, I find robust support for more proportionality leading to more income-based voting. (c) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {behavior,Electoral system,politics,redistribution,rules,Vote choice,welfare state},
+ annotation = {WOS:000376546100003}
+}
+
+@article{henleyEthnographicFilmTechnology2000,
+ title = {Ethnographic Film: {{Technology}}, Practice and Anthropological Theory},
+ shorttitle = {Ethnographic Film},
+ author = {Henley, Paul},
+ year = {2000},
+ month = jan,
+ journal = {Visual Anthropology},
+ volume = {13},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {207--226},
+ issn = {0894-9468, 1545-5920},
+ doi = {10.1080/08949468.2000.9966800},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/BABI42YE/Henley - 2000 - Ethnographic film Technology, practice and anthro.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{hixEffectsDistrictMagnitude2017,
+ title = {The {{Effects}} of {{District Magnitude}} on {{Voting Behavior}}},
+ author = {Hix, Simon and {Hortala-Vallve}, Rafael and {Riambau-Armet}, Guillem},
+ year = {2017},
+ month = jan,
+ journal = {The Journal of Politics},
+ volume = {79},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {356--361},
+ publisher = {{The University of Chicago Press}},
+ issn = {0022-3816},
+ doi = {10.1086/688889},
+ abstract = {Is there more sincere voting in multi-member districts than in single-member districts? Existing research on this question is inconclusive, at least in part because it is difficult with observational data to isolate the effect of district magnitude on voting behavior independently from voters' preferences or the number of parties. Hence, we investigate this issue in a laboratory experiment, where we vary district magnitude while keeping the distribution of voters' preferences and the number of parties constant. We find that voting for the preferred party (sincere voting) increases with district magnitude. This is consistent with existing findings from observational data. We also discover a surprising result: a high incidence of ``frontrunner'' voting, which cannot be easily explained by existing research.},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/A2F6PEUQ/Hix et al. - 2017 - The Effects of District Magnitude on Voting Behavi.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/BHDTVJJZ/688889.html}
+}
+
+@book{hockingsPrinciplesVisualAnthropology2012,
+ title = {Principles of {{Visual Anthropology}}},
+ author = {Hockings, Paul},
+ year = {2012},
+ month = may,
+ publisher = {{Walter de Gruyter}},
+ abstract = {This edition contains 27 articles, written by scholars and film makers who are generally acknowledged as the international authorities in the filed. The book covers ethnographic filming and its relations to the cinema and television; applications of filming to anthropological research, the uses of still photography, archives, and videotape; subdisciplinary applications in ethnography, archeology, bio-anthropology, museology and ethnohistory; and overcoming the funding problems of film production.},
+ googlebooks = {RYIgAAAAQBAJ},
+ isbn = {978-3-11-029069-1},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Philosophy / General,Philosophy / History \& Surveys / General,Science / Life Sciences / Biology,Science / Life Sciences / Evolution}
+}
+
+@article{hockingsWhereTheoryVisual2014,
+ title = {Where {{Is}} the {{Theory}} in {{Visual Anthropology}}?},
+ author = {Hockings, Paul and Tomaselli, Keyan G. and Ruby, Jay and MacDougall, David and Williams, Drid and Piette, Albert and Schwarz, Maureen T. and Carta, Silvio},
+ year = {2014},
+ month = oct,
+ journal = {Visual Anthropology},
+ volume = {27},
+ number = {5},
+ pages = {436--456},
+ issn = {0894-9468, 1545-5920},
+ doi = {10.1080/08949468.2014.950155},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/SR99S8B4/Hockings et al. - 2014 - Where Is the Theory in Visual Anthropology.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{hoechleRobustStandardErrors2007,
+ title = {Robust {{Standard Errors}} for {{Panel Regressions}} with {{Cross-Sectional Dependence}}},
+ author = {Hoechle, Daniel},
+ year = {2007},
+ month = sep,
+ journal = {The Stata Journal},
+ volume = {7},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {281--312},
+ issn = {1536-867X},
+ doi = {10.1177/1536867X0700700301},
+ abstract = {I present a new Stata program, xtscc, that estimates pooled ordinary least-squares/weighted least-squares regression and fixed-effects (within) regression models with Driscoll and Kraay (Review of Economics and Statistics 80: 549\textendash 560) standard errors. By running Monte Carlo simulations, I compare the finite-sample properties of the cross-sectional dependence\textendash consistent Driscoll\textendash Kraay estimator with the properties of other, more commonly used covariance matrix estimators that do not account for cross-sectional dependence. The results indicate that Driscoll\textendash Kraay standard errors are well calibrated when cross-sectional dependence is present. However, erroneously ignoring cross-sectional correlation in the estimation of panel models can lead to severely biased statistical results. I illustrate the xtscc program by considering an application from empirical finance. Thereby, I also propose a Hausman-type test for fixed effects that is robust to general forms of cross-sectional and temporal dependence.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/M33ECXAW/Hoechle - 2007 - Robust Standard Errors for Panel Regressions with .pdf}
+}
+
+@book{hollensteinerAufstiegUndRandlage2005,
+ title = {{Aufstieg und Randlage / Linksintellektuelle, demokratische Wende und Politik in Argentinien und Brasilien}},
+ author = {Hollensteiner, Stephan;},
+ year = {2005},
+ series = {{Bibliotheca Ibero-Americana ; 104}},
+ volume = {104},
+ publisher = {{Vervuert}},
+ address = {{Frankfurt am Main}},
+ isbn = {978-3-86527-239-3},
+ langid = {german},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/73NIJ7U7/0002846173.html}
+}
+
+@book{holtUsingFictionOrganization,
+ title = {Using Fiction in Organization and Management Research},
+ author = {Holt, Robin and Zundel, Mike},
+ journal = {Unconventional Methodology in Organization and Management Research},
+ publisher = {{Oxford University Press}},
+ abstract = {Robin Holt and Mike Zundel describe their use of another unconventional source of data\textemdash a television fictional crime series. They argue that the boundaries between `soft fiction' and `hard fact' are blurred, and that fictional accounts can generate insights into aspects of organizational and social life more effectively than conventional methods. The relationship between fiction and social science can be understood in four ways: fictional research, fiction as inspiration, fiction as data, and fiction as research. Their approach is illustrated with an analysis of the cult television crime series The Wire, which is based on the drugs trade in Baltimore, involving the gangs, police, social workers, churches, local authorities, and wider community. The Wire can be seen as a rich ethnography, illustrating how fiction can illuminate individual, group, and organizational phenomena including emotions, hopes, fears, and conflicts, and the wider social condition, highlighting the institutional constraints on individual behaviour.},
+ chapter = {Unconventional Methodology in Organization and Management Research},
+ isbn = {978-0-19-183844-6},
+ langid = {american},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/DBBZHQ3M/oso-9780198796978-chapter-3.html}
+}
+
+@book{holtUsingFictionOrganization2018,
+ title = {Using Fiction in Organization and Management Research},
+ author = {Holt, Robin and Zundel, Mike},
+ year = {2018},
+ month = apr,
+ volume = {1},
+ publisher = {{Oxford University Press}},
+ doi = {10.1093/oso/9780198796978.003.0003},
+ abstract = {Robin Holt and Mike Zundel describe their use of another unconventional source of data\textemdash a television fictional crime series. They argue that the boundaries between `soft fiction' and `hard fact' are blurred, and that fictional accounts can generate insights into aspects of organizational and social life more effectively than conventional methods. The relationship between fiction and social science can be understood in four ways: fictional research, fiction as inspiration, fiction as data, and fiction as research. Their approach is illustrated with an analysis of the cult television crime series The Wire , which is based on the drugs trade in Baltimore, involving the gangs, police, social workers, churches, local authorities, and wider community. The Wire can be seen as a rich ethnography, illustrating how fiction can illuminate individual, group, and organizational phenomena including emotions, hopes, fears, and conflicts, and the wider social condition, highlighting the institutional constraints on individual behaviour.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/Y9NZHGLJ/Holt und Zundel - 2018 - Using fiction in organization and management resea.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{hosnyHandcraftedDeepLearning2019,
+ title = {Handcrafted versus Deep Learning Radiomics for Prediction of Cancer Therapy Response},
+ author = {Hosny, Ahmed and Aerts, Hugo J. and Mak, Raymond H.},
+ year = {2019},
+ month = jul,
+ journal = {The Lancet Digital Health},
+ volume = {1},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {e106-e107},
+ publisher = {{Elsevier}},
+ issn = {2589-7500},
+ doi = {10.1016/S2589-7500(19)30062-7},
+ langid = {english},
+ pmid = {33323257},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/2LDGEI3F/Hosny et al. - 2019 - Handcrafted versus deep learning radiomics for pre.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/KGLADBRR/fulltext.html}
+}
+
+@article{houleInequalityEthnicDiversity2017,
+ title = {Inequality, Ethnic Diversity, and Redistribution},
+ author = {Houle, Christian},
+ year = {2017},
+ month = mar,
+ journal = {The Journal of Economic Inequality},
+ volume = {15},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {1--23},
+ issn = {1573-8701},
+ doi = {10.1007/s10888-016-9340-8},
+ abstract = {Seminal political economy models from Meltzer and Richard, among others, theorize that, in democracies, more inequality should lead to more redistribution. Most country-level empirical studies find weak support for this prediction. This paper makes two contributions to this debate. First, I identify some of the key shortcomings of previous tests and provide a new empirical analysis that corrects for these limitations. Using a dataset covering 89 developed and developing democracies, I find that inequality is associated with more redistribution. Second, I show that inequality's effect on redistribution is weaker in democracies in which the poor \textendash{} defined as the people with income below the median \textendash{} are divided along ethnic lines than in those in which they are ethnically unified. Taken together, these results suggest that although economic inequality increases redistribution, the magnitude of the relationship is conditional on how inequality interacts with other social cleavages, such as ethnicity.},
+ langid = {english}
+}
+
+@article{huberCongruenceCitizensPolicyMakers1994,
+ title = {Congruence {{Between Citizens}} and {{Policy-Makers}} in 2 {{Visions}} of {{Liberal Democracy}}},
+ author = {Huber, Jd and Powell, Gb},
+ year = {1994},
+ month = apr,
+ journal = {World Politics},
+ volume = {46},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {291--326},
+ issn = {0043-8871},
+ doi = {10.2307/2950684},
+ abstract = {This paper explores two quite different visions of the democratic processes that can create congruence between citizen preferences and public policies. In the Majority Control vision, electoral competition and citizen choices result in the direct election of governments committed to policies corresponding to the preferences of the median voter. In the Proportionate Influence vision, election outcomes result in legislatures that reflect the preferences of all citizens; legislative bargaining results in policies linked to the position of the median voter. The authors give more explicit theoretical form to those visions and link them empirically to specific types of modern democracies. They then attempt to test the success of each vision in bringing about congruence between citizen self-placements and the estimated positions of governments and policymaker coalitions on the left-right scale in twelve nations in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Although the analysis reveals weaknesses in each approach, it suggests a consistent advantage for the Proportionate Influence vision.},
+ langid = {english},
+ annotation = {WOS:A1994NK11600001}
+}
+
+@article{huberIncomeInequalityRedistribution2014,
+ title = {Income Inequality and Redistribution in Post-Industrial Democracies: Demographic, Economic and Political Determinants},
+ shorttitle = {Income Inequality and Redistribution in Post-Industrial Democracies},
+ author = {Huber, Evelyne and Stephens, John D.},
+ year = {2014},
+ month = apr,
+ journal = {Socio-Economic Review},
+ volume = {12},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {245--267},
+ issn = {1475-1461},
+ doi = {10.1093/ser/mwu001},
+ abstract = {Abstract. This article analyses the determinants of market income distribution and governmental redistribution. The dependent variables are Luxembourg Income S},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/9BPJSVI9/1666588.html}
+}
+
+@article{hunterNegotiatingCivilmilitaryRelations1998,
+ title = {Negotiating Civil-Military Relations in Post-Authoritarian {{Argentina}} and {{Chile}}},
+ author = {Hunter, W.},
+ year = {1998},
+ month = jun,
+ journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
+ volume = {42},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {295--317},
+ issn = {0020-8833},
+ abstract = {This article invokes game theory to analyze civilian attempts to push back military influence in two countries where the armed forces have enjoyed strikingly dissimilar levels of power and privilege after the transition of democracy: Argentina and Chile. It finds that civilian governments in both countries have managed to make progress in challenging military prerogatives. But they have made relatively more progress in areas unrelated to human rights. While civilians have had to respect military immunity in the human rights sphere, they have managed to erode other limitations on popular sovereignty that the officer corps imposed as a condition for leaving power, The resulting accommodation I describe reflects the pragmatic approach to politics that civilian and military leaders have assumed in post-authoritarian Latin America.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {politics},
+ annotation = {WOS:000073646400004}
+}
+
+@article{isenseeNnUNetSelfconfiguringMethod2021,
+ title = {{{nnU-Net}}: A Self-Configuring Method for Deep Learning-Based Biomedical Image Segmentation},
+ shorttitle = {{{nnU-Net}}},
+ author = {Isensee, Fabian and Jaeger, Paul F. and Kohl, Simon A. A. and Petersen, Jens and {Maier-Hein}, Klaus H.},
+ year = {2021},
+ month = feb,
+ journal = {Nature Methods},
+ volume = {18},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {203--211},
+ publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
+ issn = {1548-7105},
+ doi = {10.1038/s41592-020-01008-z},
+ abstract = {Biomedical imaging is a driver of scientific discovery and a core component of medical care and is being stimulated by the field of deep learning. While semantic segmentation algorithms enable image analysis and quantification in many applications, the design of respective specialized solutions is non-trivial and highly dependent on dataset properties and hardware conditions. We developed nnU-Net, a deep learning-based segmentation method that automatically configures itself, including preprocessing, network architecture, training and post-processing for any new task. The key design choices in this process are modeled as a set of fixed parameters, interdependent rules and empirical decisions. Without manual intervention, nnU-Net surpasses most existing approaches, including highly specialized solutions on 23 public datasets used in international biomedical segmentation competitions. We make nnU-Net publicly available as an out-of-the-box tool, rendering state-of-the-art segmentation accessible to a broad audience by requiring neither expert knowledge nor computing resources beyond standard network training.},
+ copyright = {2020 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Image processing,Translational research},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/GBCTP6RW/Isensee et al. - 2021 - nnU-Net a self-configuring method for deep learni.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{iversenElectoralInstitutionsPolitics2006,
+ title = {Electoral Institutions and the Politics of Coalitions: {{Why}} Some Democracies Redistribute More than Others},
+ shorttitle = {Electoral Institutions and the Politics of Coalitions},
+ author = {Iversen, Torben and Soskice, David},
+ year = {2006},
+ journal = {American political science review},
+ volume = {100},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {165--181},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/9KXA6AUR/page1_17.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{jackmanEducationIntergroupAttitudes1984,
+ title = {Education and {{Intergroup Attitudes}}: {{Moral Enlightenment}}, {{Superficial Democratic Commitment}}, or {{Ideological Refinement}}?},
+ shorttitle = {Education and {{Intergroup Attitudes}}},
+ author = {Jackman, Mary R. and Muha, Michael J.},
+ year = {1984},
+ journal = {American Sociological Review},
+ volume = {49},
+ number = {6},
+ pages = {751--769},
+ publisher = {{[American Sociological Association, Sage Publications, Inc.]}},
+ issn = {0003-1224},
+ doi = {10.2307/2095528},
+ abstract = {It has been commonly assumed that an advanced formal education bestows a more enlightened perspective that is less vulnerable to the narrow appeals of intergroup negativism. Other investigators have argued that education increases commitment to democratic norms, but only at a superficial level. We review the arguments from that debate and then subject them to empirical test with national survey data on the intergroup beliefs, feelings, predispositions for personal contact, and policy orientations of men toward women, of whites toward blacks, and of the nonpoor toward the poor. The results of that comprehensive analysis fail to support the view either that education produces liberation from intergroup negativism or that it produces a superficial democratic commitment. With that ascertained, we depart from the confines of past debate and propose a fresh approach that rests on different assumptions about the nature of both intergroup attitudes and educational institutions. We argue that dominant social groups routinely develop ideologies that legitimize and justify the status quo, and the well-educated members of these dominant groups are the most sophisticated practitioners of their group's ideology. We interpret our data from this perspective and suggest that the well educated are but one step ahead of their peers in developing a defense of their interests that rests on qualification, individualism, obfuscation, and symbolic concessions.}
+}
+
+@article{jacobsDistrictMagnitudeVoter2010,
+ title = {District Magnitude and Voter Turnout a Multi-Level Analysis of Self-Reported Voting in the 32 {{Dominican Republic}} Districts},
+ author = {Jacobs, Kristof and Spierings, Niels},
+ year = {2010},
+ month = dec,
+ journal = {Electoral Studies},
+ series = {Special {{Symposium}}: {{The}} 2008 {{U}}.{{S}}. {{Presidential Election}}},
+ volume = {29},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {704--718},
+ issn = {0261-3794},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.electstud.2010.07.007},
+ abstract = {Although studies of electoral participation in established democracies are abundant, little attention has been devoted to Latin American democracies and few studies combine individual-level and contextual-level variables. We focus on electoral participation in 32 districts of a Latin American democracy, the Dominican Republic. Our research question is: how to explain the different impact of district magnitude in Latin America? Most importantly, we find that it has a negative effect on electoral participation whereas theories based on established democracies would predict the opposite. We argue that the negative effect is caused by the stronger influence of clientelism in smaller districts, which surfaces at less salient elections. This argument accounts for previously unexplained findings in studies of Latin America.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {District magnitude,Dominican Republic,Electoral participation,Latin America,Multilevel analysis,New democracies,Voter turnout},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/JDUNC9V2/S0261379410000843.html}
+}
+
+@article{jacobsonEthnographicFictionWriting2014,
+ title = {Ethnographic Fiction for Writing and Research in Cultural Geography},
+ author = {Jacobson, Matt and Larsen, Soren C.},
+ year = {2014},
+ month = may,
+ journal = {Journal of Cultural Geography},
+ volume = {31},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {179--193},
+ issn = {0887-3631, 1940-6320},
+ doi = {10.1080/08873631.2014.906851},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/GLH3N5A5/Jacobson und Larsen - 2014 - Ethnographic fiction for writing and research in c.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{janttiDeterminantsRedistributionWorld2020,
+ title = {The {{Determinants}} of {{Redistribution Around The World}}},
+ author = {J{\"a}ntti, Markus and Pirttil{\"a}, Jukka and R{\"o}nkk{\"o}, Risto},
+ year = {2020},
+ journal = {Review of Income and Wealth},
+ volume = {66},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {59--73},
+ issn = {1475-4991},
+ doi = {10.1111/roiw.12406},
+ abstract = {This paper reexamines the determinants of redistribution in light of improved data and methods relative to earlier literature. In particular, we use the latest version of the UNU-WIDER's Income Inequality Database to have the best available estimates of both pre- and post-redistribution inequality for the largest set of countries and periods. We tackle head-on problems related to model specification that risk generating large biases in estimates because of mechanical associations between the dependent and explanatory variables. The results suggest that the bias in the earlier work can be substantial. The descriptive analysis highlights, in addition, how scarce the data are when it comes to information about the extent of redistribution in developing countries.},
+ copyright = {\textcopyright{} 2018 International Association for Research in Income and Wealth},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {cross-country analysis,inequality,redistribution},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/RA739B7B/roiw.html}
+}
+
+@book{janttiRedistributionWorldCauses2016,
+ title = {Redistribution around the World: {{Causes}} and Consequences},
+ shorttitle = {Redistribution around the World},
+ author = {J{\"a}ntti, Markus and Pirttil{\"a}, Jukka and R{\"o}nkk{\"o}, Risto and {UNU-WIDER}},
+ year = {2016},
+ series = {{{WIDER Working Paper}}},
+ edition = {One hundred thirty-third},
+ volume = {2016},
+ publisher = {{UNU-WIDER}},
+ doi = {10.35188/UNU-WIDER/2016/177-2},
+ isbn = {978-92-9256-177-2},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/J8MHZ6NE/873998340.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{janusInfluenceSocialDesirability2010,
+ title = {The {{Influence}} of {{Social Desirability Pressures}} on {{Expressed Immigration Attitudes}}*},
+ author = {Janus, Alexander L.},
+ year = {2010},
+ journal = {Social Science Quarterly},
+ volume = {91},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {928--946},
+ issn = {1540-6237},
+ doi = {10.1111/j.1540-6237.2010.00742.x},
+ abstract = {Objective. Immigration scholars have found that the highly educated and political liberals are considerably less likely to support restrictionist immigration policies than other groups. I ask whether the influence of social desirability pressures in the survey interview is responsible for this finding. Methods. An unobtrusive questioning technique known as the list experiment is used to measure Americans' support for immigration restrictionism. The list experiment can easily be embedded in a standard telephone survey and has been used by previous investigators to study racial attitudes. Results. Restrictionist sentiments are found to be more widespread among the U.S. populace than previous studies have estimated, especially among college graduates and political liberals. Conclusion. My findings have implications for immigration scholars and social scientists who study other sensitive attitudes and behaviors. The most commonly employed strategies to reduce socially desirable responding may not be enough.},
+ langid = {english},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1540-6237.2010.00742.x},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/WNDMLKS3/Janus - 2010 - The Influence of Social Desirability Pressures on .pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/5D4LLPEM/j.1540-6237.2010.00742.html}
+}
+
+@article{jenkinsWorldIncomeInequality2015,
+ title = {World Income Inequality Databases: An Assessment of {{WIID}} and {{SWIID}}},
+ shorttitle = {World Income Inequality Databases},
+ author = {Jenkins, Stephen P.},
+ year = {2015},
+ journal = {The Journal of Economic Inequality},
+ volume = {13},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {629--671},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/RHEWRDED/Jenkins - 2015 - World income inequality databases an assessment o.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/6FMVQVU2/s10888-015-9305-3.html}
+}
+
+@article{jenkinsWorldIncomeInequality2015a,
+ title = {World Income Inequality Databases: An Assessment of {{WIID}} and {{SWIID}}},
+ shorttitle = {World Income Inequality Databases},
+ author = {Jenkins, Stephen P.},
+ year = {2015},
+ month = dec,
+ journal = {Journal of Economic Inequality},
+ volume = {13},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {629--671},
+ issn = {1569-1721},
+ doi = {10.1007/s10888-015-9305-3},
+ abstract = {This article assesses two secondary data compilations about income inequality - the World Income Inequality Database (WIIDv2c), and the Standardized World Income Inequality Database (SWIIDv4.0) which is based on WIID but with all observations multiply-imputed. WIID and SWIID are convenient and accessible sources for researchers seeking cross-national data with global coverage for relatively long time periods. Against these undoubted benefits must be set costs arising from lack of data comparability and quality and also, in the case of SWIID, questions about its imputation model. WIID and SWIID users need to recognize this benefit-cost trade-off and ensure their substantive conclusions are robust to potential data problems. I provide detailed description of the nature and contents of both sources plus illustrative regression analysis. From a data issues perspective, I recommend WIID over SWIID, though my support for use of WIID is conditional.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {convergence,countries,Gini,Global inequality,growth,Imputation,inequality,poverty,swiid,time,wiid},
+ annotation = {WOS:000366846100008}
+}
+
+@article{jesuitComparingGovernmentRedistribution2010,
+ title = {Comparing {{Government Redistribution Across Countries}}: {{The Problem}} of {{Second-Order Effects}}*},
+ shorttitle = {Comparing {{Government Redistribution Across Countries}}},
+ author = {Jesuit, David K. and Mahler, Vincent A.},
+ year = {2010},
+ journal = {Social Science Quarterly},
+ volume = {91},
+ number = {5},
+ pages = {1390--1404},
+ issn = {1540-6237},
+ doi = {10.1111/j.1540-6237.2010.00737.x},
+ abstract = {Objective. We offer an alternative to the conventional measure of government redistribution that seeks to address problems of second-order effects whereby income guarantees arising from public pensions make it less necessary for people to save for their retirement, rendering the ``pregovernment'' counterfactual to the observed postgovernment distribution unrealistic. Method. We use household-level data from the Luxembourg Income Study to calculate an alternative measure of government redistribution that includes public-sector pensions in ``pregovernment'' income alongside private-sector pensions, on the assumption that each represents a claim on future income. Results. Employing the alternative method described in the article results in lower values for redistribution than the conventional measure. Conclusion. We suggest that our alternative method be used in addition to the conventional method in cross-national research, in an effort to achieve a more complete understanding of government redistribution in the developed countries.},
+ copyright = {\textcopyright{} 2010 by the Southwestern Social Science Association},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/E9GQJQFZ/j.1540-6237.2010.00737.html}
+}
+
+@article{joseBrainTumorSegmentation,
+ title = {Brain {{Tumor Segmentation Using K-Means Clustering And Fuzzy C-Means Algorithms And Its Area Calculation}}},
+ author = {Jose, Alan and Ravi, S and Sambath, M and Scholar, PG},
+ journal = {Vo l.},
+ abstract = {Tumor is an uncontrolled growth of tissue in any part of the body. The tumor is of different types and they have different characteristics and different treatment. This paper is to implement of Simple Algorithm for detection of range and shape of tumor in brain MR Images. Normally the anatomy of the Brain can be viewed by the MRI scan or CT scan. MRI scanned image is used for the entire process. The MRI scan is more comfortable than any other scans for diagnosis. It will not affect the human body, because it doesn't practice any radiation. It is centered on the magnetic field and radio waves. There are dissimilar types of algorithm were developed for brain tumor detection. But they may have some drawback in detection and extraction. After the segmentation, which is done through k-means clustering and fuzzy c-means algorithms the brain tumor is detected and its exact location is identified. Comparing to the other algorithms the performance of fuzzy c-means plays a major role. The patient's stage is determined by this process, whether it can be cured with medicine or not.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/ZUT9JMJQ/Jose et al. - Brain Tumor Segmentation Using K-Means Clustering .pdf}
+}
+
+@article{jostPoliticalNeuroscienceBeginning2014,
+ title = {Political {{Neuroscience}}: {{The Beginning}} of a {{Beautiful Friendship}}},
+ shorttitle = {Political {{Neuroscience}}},
+ author = {Jost, John T. and Nam, H. Hannah and Amodio, David M. and Bavel, Jay J. Van},
+ year = {2014},
+ journal = {Political Psychology},
+ volume = {35},
+ number = {S1},
+ pages = {3--42},
+ issn = {1467-9221},
+ doi = {10.1111/pops.12162},
+ abstract = {The emergence of political neuroscience\textemdash an interdisciplinary venture involving political science, psychology, and cognitive neuroscience\textemdash has piqued the interests of scholars as well as the mass public. In this chapter, we review evidence pertaining to four areas of inquiry that have generated most of the research in political neuroscience to date: (1) racial prejudice and intergroup relations; (2) the existence of partisan bias and motivated political cognition; (3) the nature of left-right differences in political orientation; and (4) the dimensional structure of political attitudes. Although these topics are well-known to political psychologists, the application of models and methods from neuroscience has renewed interest in each of them and yielded novel insights. There is reason to believe that many other areas of political psychology await similarly promising renewals and that innovative methods will continue to advance our understanding of the physiological processes involved in political cognition, evaluation, judgment, and behavior. We address limitations, criticisms, and potential pitfalls of existing work\textemdash including the ``chicken-and-egg problem''\textemdash and propose an ambitious agenda for the next generation of research in political neuroscience.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {ideology,partisanship,political neuroscience,racial prejudice},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/pops.12162},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/MMCL5ARG/Jost et al. - 2014 - Political Neuroscience The Beginning of a Beautif.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/ZD6S39CT/pops.html}
+}
+
+@article{jrElectionLawsDisproportionality2000,
+ title = {Election {{Laws}}, {{Disproportionality}} and {{Median Correspondence}}: {{Implications}} for {{Two Visions}} of {{Democracy}}},
+ shorttitle = {Election {{Laws}}, {{Disproportionality}} and {{Median Correspondence}}},
+ author = {Jr, G. Bingham Powell and Vanberg, Georg S.},
+ year = {2000},
+ month = jul,
+ journal = {British Journal of Political Science},
+ volume = {30},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {383--411},
+ issn = {1469-2112, 0007-1234},
+ doi = {10.1017/S0007123400000168},
+ abstract = {Comparative studies of election rules and legislative representation have focused intensively on vote\textendash seat disproportionality as an indication of poor representation. Beginning with citizens' preferences, rather than votes, has important advantages and is especially more appropriate for a majoritarian vision of democracy. We analyse the effect of election rules on both vote\textendash seat correspondence and median left\textendash right correspondence in seventy elections in seventeen countries. We show theoretically the stringent conditions necessary to reduce vote\textendash seat disproportionality in high threshold systems and empirically their high variance (and higher levels) of distortion. Although good median correspondence could be created, in theory, under a wide range of electoral systems, our empirical results suggest that proportional representation (PR) systems tend to outperform single-member district (SMD) systems by this criterion also.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/ZNF89TSF/E15BDCEDF803AC63C74D58D8FA37AD69.html}
+}
+
+@misc{JustificationsuppressionModelExpression,
+ title = {A Justification-Suppression Model of the Expression and Experience of Prejudice. - {{PsycNET}}},
+ abstract = {APA PsycNet DoiLanding page},
+ howpublished = {/doiLanding?doi=10.1037\%2F0033-2909.129.3.414},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/P5K6CQGP/doiLanding.html}
+}
+
+@article{kalavathiMethodsSkullStripping2016,
+ title = {Methods on {{Skull Stripping}} of {{MRI Head Scan Images}}\textemdash a {{Review}}},
+ author = {Kalavathi, P. and Prasath, V. B. Surya},
+ year = {2016},
+ month = jun,
+ journal = {Journal of Digital Imaging},
+ volume = {29},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {365--379},
+ issn = {0897-1889, 1618-727X},
+ doi = {10.1007/s10278-015-9847-8},
+ abstract = {The high resolution magnetic resonance (MR) brain images contain some non-brain tissues such as skin, fat, muscle, neck, and eye balls compared to the functional images namely positron emission tomography (PET), single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) which usually contain relatively less non-brain tissues. The presence of these non-brain tissues is considered as a major obstacle for automatic brain image segmentation and analysis techniques. Therefore, quantitative morphometric studies of MR brain images often require a preliminary processing to isolate the brain from extra-cranial or non-brain tissues, commonly referred to as skull stripping. This paper describes the available methods on skull stripping and an exploratory review of recent literature on the existing skull stripping methods.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/AIA4WBG2/Kalavathi und Prasath - 2016 - Methods on Skull Stripping of MRI Head Scan Images.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{karabarbounisOneDollarOne2011,
+ title = {One Dollar, One Vote},
+ author = {Karabarbounis, Loukas},
+ year = {2011},
+ journal = {The Economic Journal},
+ volume = {121},
+ number = {553},
+ pages = {621--651},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/7DH78II5/MPRA_paper_31371.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{karpSocialDesirabilityResponse2005,
+ title = {Social {{Desirability}} and {{Response Validity}}: {{A Comparative Analysis}} of {{Overreporting Voter Turnout}} in {{Five Countries}}},
+ shorttitle = {Social {{Desirability}} and {{Response Validity}}},
+ author = {Karp, Jeffrey A. and Brockington, David},
+ year = {2005},
+ month = aug,
+ journal = {The Journal of Politics},
+ volume = {67},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {825--840},
+ publisher = {{The University of Chicago Press}},
+ issn = {0022-3816},
+ doi = {10.1111/j.1468-2508.2005.00341.x},
+ abstract = {Theory and evidence suggests that respondents are likely to overreport voter turnout in election surveys because they have a strong incentive to offer a socially desirable response. We suggest that contextual influences may affect the socially desirable bias, leading to variance in the rate of overreporting across countries. This leads us to hypothesize that nonvoters will be more likely to overreport voting in elections that have high turnout. We rely on validated turnout data to measure overreporting in five countries which vary a great deal in turnout: Britain, New Zealand, Norway, Sweden, and the United States. We find that in national settings with higher levels of participation, the tendency to overreport turnout may be greater than in settings where low participation is the norm.},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/C9H67CH7/Karp und Brockington - 2005 - Social Desirability and Response Validity A Compa.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{katoshConsequencesValidatedSelfReported1981,
+ title = {The {{Consequences}} of {{Validated}} and {{Self-Reported Voting Measures}}},
+ author = {Katosh, John P. and Traugott, Michael W.},
+ year = {1981},
+ month = jan,
+ journal = {Public Opinion Quarterly},
+ volume = {45},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {519--535},
+ publisher = {{Oxford Academic}},
+ issn = {0033-362X},
+ doi = {10.1086/268685},
+ abstract = {Abstract. This paper reports on the results of validation of the self-reported registration status and voting behavior of respondents in the 1976 and 1978 Amer},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/WJLRS3AJ/Katosh und Traugott - 1981 - The Consequences of Validated and Self-Reported Vo.pdf}
+}
+
+@misc{kavurCHAOSCombinedCTMR2019,
+ title = {{{CHAOS}} - {{Combined}} ({{CT-MR}}) {{Healthy Abdominal Organ Segmentation Challenge Data}}},
+ author = {Kavur, Ali Emre and Selver, M. Alper and Dicle, O{\u g}uz and Bar{\i}{\c s}, Mustafa and Gezer, N. Sinem},
+ year = {2019},
+ month = apr,
+ publisher = {{Zenodo}},
+ doi = {10.5281/zenodo.3431873},
+ abstract = {This is the train and testing dataset of Combined (CT-MR) Healthy Abdominal Organ Segmentation (CHAOS) Challenge. This data consists of images of Abdominal CT and MRI from different patients. There are 20 training and 20 testing cases in the CT dataset. MRI dataset contains~20 training and 20 testing cases with T1-Dual and T2 SPIR sequences. Train data contains both DICOM images and their ground truth masks. The testing set only contains DICOM images. In CT cases only livers were annotated. In MRI cases, livers, left/right kidneys, and spleens were annotated. For further information about the data and challenge, please visit https://chaos.grand-challenge.org/ and read the CHAOS\_Submission\_Manual.pdf Important note: Ground truths/references of the test data are reserved for challenge validation and will never be shared publicly. Such requests will be ignored. Scientists may use this data not only join to the CHAOS challenge but also for other works as long as they give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. Bibtex: @dataset\{CHAOSdata2019, author = \{Ali Emre Kavur and M. Alper Selver and O\u{g}uz Dicle and Mustafa Bar\i\c{s} and N. Sinem Gezer\}, title = \{\{CHAOS - Combined (CT-MR) Healthy Abdominal Organ Segmentation Challenge Data\}\}, month = Apr, year = 2019, publisher = \{Zenodo\}, version = \{v1.03\}, doi = \{10.5281/zenodo.3362844\}, url = \{https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3362844\} \} IEEE Style: Ali Emre Kavur, M. Alper Selver, O\u{g}uz Dicle, Mustafa Bar\i\c{s}, and N. Sinem Gezer, "CHAOS - Combined (CT-MR) Healthy Abdominal Organ Segmentation Challenge Data". Zenodo, 11-Apr-2019. APA Style: Ali Emre Kavur, M. Alper Selver, O\u{g}uz Dicle, Mustafa Bar\i\c{s}, \& N. Sinem Gezer. (2019). CHAOS - Combined (CT-MR) Healthy Abdominal Organ Segmentation Challenge Data (Version v1.03) [Data set]. Zenodo. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3362844},
+ keywords = {Abdomen organs,CT,Kidney,Liver,MRI,Spleen},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/2HYYDD2L/3431873.html}
+}
+
+@article{kenworthyRisingInequalityPolitics2005,
+ title = {Rising Inequality and the Politics of Redistribution in Affluent Countries},
+ author = {Kenworthy, Lane and Pontusson, Jonas},
+ year = {2005},
+ journal = {Perspectives on Politics},
+ volume = {3},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {449--471},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/77EWWQTN/483132640.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{kimberlinValidityReliabilityMeasurement2008,
+ title = {Validity and Reliability of Measurement Instruments Used in Research},
+ author = {Kimberlin, Carole L. and Winterstein, Almut G.},
+ year = {2008},
+ month = dec,
+ journal = {American Journal of Health-System Pharmacy},
+ volume = {65},
+ number = {23},
+ pages = {2276--2284},
+ publisher = {{Oxford Univ Press Inc}},
+ address = {{Cary}},
+ issn = {1079-2082},
+ doi = {10.2146/ajhp070364},
+ abstract = {Purpose. Issues related to the validity and reliability of measurement instruments used in research are reviewed. Summary. Key indicators of the quality of a measuring instrument are the reliability and validity of the measures. The process of developing and validating an instrument is in large part focused on reducing error in the measurement process. Reliability estimates evaluate the stability of measures, internal consistency of measurement instruments, and interrater reliability of instrument scores. Validity is the extent to which the interpretations of the results of a test are warranted, which depends on the particular use the test is intended to serve. The responsiveness of the measure to change is of interest in many of the applications in health care where improvement in outcomes as a result of treatment is a primary goal of research. Several issues may affect the accuracy of data collected, such as those related to self-report and secondary data sources. Self-report of patients or subjects is required for many of the measurements conducted in health care, but self-reports of behavior are particularly subject to problems with social desirability biases. Data that were originally gathered for a different purpose are often used to answer a research question, which can affect the applicability to the study at hand. Conclusion. In health care and social science research, many of the variables of interest and outcomes that are important are abstract concepts known as theoretical constructs. Using tests or instruments that are valid and reliable to measure such constructs is a crucial component of research quality.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Control; quality,Data collection,Errors,exposure,medical-record,Methodology,misclassification,questions,Research},
+ annotation = {WOS:000261067400022},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/TKVTTBTC/Kimberlin und Winterstein - 2008 - Validity and reliability of measurement instrument.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{kimTransferLearningMedical2022,
+ title = {Transfer Learning for Medical Image Classification: A Literature Review},
+ shorttitle = {Transfer Learning for Medical Image Classification},
+ author = {Kim, Hee E. and {Cosa-Linan}, Alejandro and Santhanam, Nandhini and Jannesari, Mahboubeh and Maros, Mate E. and Ganslandt, Thomas},
+ year = {2022},
+ month = apr,
+ journal = {BMC Medical Imaging},
+ volume = {22},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {69},
+ issn = {1471-2342},
+ doi = {10.1186/s12880-022-00793-7},
+ abstract = {Transfer learning (TL) with convolutional neural networks aims to improve performances on a new task by leveraging the knowledge of similar tasks learned in advance. It has made a major contribution to medical image analysis as it overcomes the data scarcity problem as well as it saves time and hardware resources. However, transfer learning has been arbitrarily configured in the majority of studies. This review paper attempts to provide guidance for selecting a model and TL approaches for the medical image classification task.},
+ keywords = {Convolutional neural network,Deep learning,Fine-tuning,Medical image analysis,Transfer learning},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/9WLDQNSJ/Kim et al. - 2022 - Transfer learning for medical image classification.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/HVC3JAQ4/s12880-022-00793-7.html}
+}
+
+@book{klingemannComparativeStudyElectoral2009,
+ title = {The {{Comparative Study}} of {{Electoral Systems}}},
+ author = {Klingemann, Hans-Dieter},
+ year = {2009},
+ month = feb,
+ publisher = {{OUP Oxford}},
+ abstract = {Citizens living in presidential or parliamentary systems face different political choices as do voters casting votes in elections governed by rules of proportional representation or plurality. Political commentators seem to know how such rules influence political behaviour. They firmly believe, for example, that candidates running in plurality systems are better known and held more accountable to their constituencies than candidates competing in elections governed by proportionalrepresentation. However, such assertions rest on shaky ground simply because solid empirical knowledge to evaluate the impact of political institutions on individual political behaviour is still lacking. The Comparative Study of Electoral Systems has collected data on political institutions and onindividual political behaviour and scrutinized it carefully. In line with common wisdom results of most analyses presented in this volume confirm that political institutions matter for individual political behaviour but, contrary to what is widely believed, they do not matter much.},
+ googlebooks = {DUATDAAAQBAJ},
+ isbn = {978-0-19-921735-9},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Political Science / Comparative Politics,Political Science / Political Process / Campaigns \& Elections}
+}
+
+@article{knollAssessingEffectSocial2013,
+ title = {Assessing the Effect of Social Desirability on Nativism Attitude Responses},
+ author = {Knoll, Benjamin R.},
+ year = {2013},
+ month = nov,
+ journal = {Social Science Research},
+ volume = {42},
+ number = {6},
+ pages = {1587--1598},
+ issn = {0049-089X},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.ssresearch.2013.07.012},
+ abstract = {Attempts to measure and analyze public opinion attitudes toward racial/ethnic minorities often confront the ``social desirability'' problem: those who have prejudiced attitudes are rarely willing to admit them to surveyors. Instead, they may be more likely to give a socially acceptable answer rather an accurate reflection of their views. Previous research has clearly established that this effect presents a challenge for accurately measuring self-reported racial and policy attitudes that primarily affect African\textendash Americans. It is less clear, however, how it might affect self-reported responses to attitudes dealing with Latinos and immigration. This study thus seeks to analyze the extent to which social desirability may affect survey measures of perceived levels of cultural threat (nativism). Results from two separate analyses using the Crowne\textendash Marlowe ``social desirability scale'' and a survey ``list experiment'' demonstrate that social desirability is indeed a concern for accurately measuring nativism in the American public, but that it exerts an opposite effect from what has previously been observed: nativist attitudes tend to be over-reported in opinion surveys.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Cultural threat,List experiment,Nativism,Social desirability,Social desirability scale},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/FVRBRMVE/Knoll - 2013 - Assessing the effect of social desirability on nat.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/U2SLQ9AW/S0049089X13001154.html}
+}
+
+@article{kocakRadiomicsArtificialIntelligence2019,
+ title = {Radiomics with Artificial Intelligence: A Practical Guide for Beginners},
+ shorttitle = {Radiomics with Artificial Intelligence},
+ author = {Ko{\c c}ak, Burak and Durmaz, Emine {\c S}ebnem and Ate{\c s}, Ece and K{\i}l{\i}{\c c}kesmez, {\"O}zg{\"u}r},
+ year = {2019},
+ month = nov,
+ journal = {Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology},
+ volume = {25},
+ number = {6},
+ pages = {485--495},
+ issn = {1305-3825},
+ doi = {10.5152/dir.2019.19321},
+ abstract = {Radiomics is a relatively new word for the field of radiology, meaning the extraction of a high number of quantitative features from medical images. Artificial intelligence (AI) is broadly a set of advanced computational algorithms that basically learn the patterns in the data provided to make predictions on unseen data sets. Radiomics can be coupled with AI because of its better capability of handling a massive amount of data compared with the traditional statistical methods. Together, the primary purpose of these fields is to extract and analyze as much and meaningful hidden quantitative data as possible to be used in decision support. Nowadays, both radiomics and AI have been getting attention for their remarkable success in various radiological tasks, which has been met with anxiety by most of the radiologists due to the fear of replacement by intelligent machines. Considering ever-developing advances in computational power and availability of large data sets, the marriage of humans and machines in future clinical practice seems inevitable. Therefore, regardless of their feelings, the radiologists should be familiar with these concepts. Our goal in this paper was three-fold: first, to familiarize radiologists with the radiomics and AI; second, to encourage the radiologists to get involved in these ever-developing fields; and, third, to provide a set of recommendations for good practice in design and assessment of future works.},
+ pmcid = {PMC6837295},
+ pmid = {31650960},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/Z865HULE/Koçak et al. - 2019 - Radiomics with artificial intelligence a practica.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{koyamaFreedomPowerThought2012,
+ title = {Freedom and {{Power}} in the {{Thought}} of {{Hannah Arendt}}: {{Civil Disobedience}} and the {{Politics}} of {{Theatre}}},
+ shorttitle = {Freedom and {{Power}} in the {{Thought}} of {{Hannah Arendt}}},
+ author = {Koyama, Hanako},
+ year = {2012},
+ month = dec,
+ journal = {Theoria: A Journal of Social \& Political Theory},
+ volume = {59},
+ number = {133},
+ pages = {70--80},
+ issn = {00405817},
+ doi = {10.3167/th.2012.5913304},
+ abstract = {Arendt scholars have given exhaustive attention to the importance of actors in Hannah Arendt's political thought. This paper focuses on the role of non-actors, which I argue are also important for a full understanding of her view of politics, freedom and power. It argues that instead of a monistic, action-centred model, Arendt advances a dualistic model of politics, a model which affords a unique position to non-acting beings through the conceptual distinction between actor and audience, or actor and spectator. My paper also argues that she might conceive an interaction between them when she offers a theatrical model of contemporary political action, relaxing the distinction which otherwise remains rigid through most of her work. This paper tries to show that civil disobedience presumes the sympathetic gaze of spectator because its actor requests the distinctively moral perspective of non-active audience in a theatrical setting of the public realm.},
+ keywords = {ACTOR/SPECTATOR,ACTORS,ARENDT; Hannah; 1906-1975,AUDIENCES,CIVIL disobedience,CRITICISM OF ARENDT'S THOUGHT,FREEDOM AND POWER,LIBERTY,NON-ACTOR,POLITICAL science,POWER (Social sciences),THEATRICAL POLITICS},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/EKM5233V/Koyama - 2012 - Freedom and Power in the Thought of Hannah Arendt.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{krysanPrejudicePoliticsPublic2000,
+ title = {Prejudice, {{Politics}}, and {{Public Opinion}}: {{Understanding}} the {{Sources}} of {{Racial Policy Attitudes}}},
+ shorttitle = {Prejudice, {{Politics}}, and {{Public Opinion}}},
+ author = {Krysan, Maria},
+ year = {2000},
+ journal = {Annual Review of Sociology},
+ volume = {26},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {135--168},
+ doi = {10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.135},
+ abstract = {This review examines the intersection of prejudice, politics, and public opinion. It focuses specifically on research that seeks to understand the sources of attitudes toward policies intended to benefit African Americans and other racial/ethnic minorities by ensuring equal treatment, providing opportunity enhancement, or striving for equal outcomes. After a review of the main patterns of white and African-American public opinion on this topic, three central theoretical interpretations of racial policy attitudes\textemdash new racism, politics and nonracial principles and values, and group conflict theories\textemdash are described and compared. The empirical evidence for each approach is assessed. Finally, directions of research that pursue a more complex view of racial policy attitudes are introduced. These include efforts to incorporate insights across theoretical domains as well as correcting an overemphasis on cognitive issues to the exclusion of affect. In addition, gaps in our understanding of ``non-white'' attitudes, nonprejudiced respondents, nonracial policies, and non-Americans are identified as potentially fertile ground for future research aimed at understanding the complexity of racial policy attitudes and what these can reveal about contemporary US race relations.},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.26.1.135},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/FMLAQTGK/Krysan - 2000 - Prejudice, Politics, and Public Opinion Understan.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{krysanPrivacyExpressionWhite1998,
+ title = {Privacy and the {{Expression}} of {{White Racial Attitudes}}: {{A Comparison Across Three Contexts}}},
+ shorttitle = {Privacy and the {{Expression}} of {{White Racial Attitudes}}},
+ author = {Krysan, Maria},
+ year = {1998},
+ journal = {The Public Opinion Quarterly},
+ volume = {62},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {506--544},
+ publisher = {{[Oxford University Press, American Association for Public Opinion Research]}},
+ issn = {0033-362X},
+ abstract = {Sample survey data on white racial attitudes show a dramatic increase over time and by educational level in support for principles of racial equality, but lowerlevels of support, less change, and little relation to education for government policies to implement these principles. A frequent explanation is that the normative climate presently salient in the semipublic setting of a survey interview creates social desirability pressures, resulting in an overstatement of liberal racial attitudes, especially by more educated respondents. Using a tripartite survey-based experiment, I compare answers to racial attitude questions under three conditions of privacy: a standard survey condition where interviewers asked all questions; a modified face-to-face condition where respondents answered a subset of racial questions in a self-administered from; and a completely noninterviewer condition where questionnaires were mailed to and returned by respondents. Three hypotheses are investigated: (1) white respondents will express less liberal racial attitudes as privacy increases; (2)privacy effects are greatest for questions about the principles of racial equality and other traditional racial attitudes and least for questions about racial policies and symbolic racism; and (3) privacy effects are stronger among the highly educated, who are more aware of current norms and thus feel social desirability pressures with greater force. Results offer some support for the social desirability hypothesis, especially among more educated respondents. However, contrary to expectations, the effects occur more consistently for racial policies than traditional racial attitudes. Instead of treating privacy effects as "errors" in a simple sense, I draw on supplementary qualitative interviews to connect the survey results to the larger normative change in whiteracial attitudes. Other complicating factors, such as acquiescent tendencies among less educated respondents, are also considered.}
+}
+
+@article{kulikEpidemiologyManagementHepatocellular2019,
+ title = {Epidemiology and {{Management}} of {{Hepatocellular Carcinoma}}},
+ author = {Kulik, Laura and {El-Serag}, Hashem B.},
+ year = {2019},
+ month = jan,
+ journal = {Gastroenterology},
+ series = {Viral {{Hepatitis}} and {{Hepatocellular Carcinoma}}},
+ volume = {156},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {477-491.e1},
+ issn = {0016-5085},
+ doi = {10.1053/j.gastro.2018.08.065},
+ abstract = {The major risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in contemporary clinical practice are becoming increasingly related to sustained virological response after hepatitis C, suppressed hepatitis B virus during treatment, and alcoholic and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. We review the emerging data on the risk and determinants of HCC in these conditions and the implications of HCC surveillance. However, from a public health perspective, active hepatitis C and B continue to drive most of the global burden of HCC. In United States, the age-adjusted incidence rates of HCC in Hispanics have surpassed those of HCC in Asians. Prognosis in HCC is complex because of the competing risk imposed by underlying cirrhosis and presence of malignancy. In addition to tumor burden, liver function and performance status; additional parameters including tumor biopsy, serum markers, and subclassification of current staging systems; and taking into account patterns of tumor progression may improve patient selection for therapy. Advancements in the treatment of HCC have included identification of patients who are most likely to derive a clinically significant benefit from the available therapeutic options. Additionally, the combination strategies of locoregional therapies and/or systemic therapy are being investigated.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Epidemiology,Hepatitis C,Hepatocellular Carcinoma},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/2TSNQ77E/Kulik und El-Serag - 2019 - Epidemiology and Management of Hepatocellular Carc.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/ZBUWQPHN/S0016508518351655.html}
+}
+
+@article{kuppensYouDonHave2014,
+ title = {You Don't Have to Be Well-Educated to Be an Aversive Racist, but It Helps},
+ author = {Kuppens, Toon and Spears, Russell},
+ year = {2014},
+ month = may,
+ journal = {Social Science Research},
+ volume = {45},
+ pages = {211--223},
+ issn = {0049-089X},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.01.006},
+ abstract = {People with higher levels of formal education report less prejudice in survey research. Here we present novel evidence on the nature of educational differences in anti-Black attitudes among Whites. We replicate the education effect on explicit self-report measures of anti-Black attitudes, but we find that education is much less related to implicit measures of anti-Black attitudes. Implicit measures differ from explicit measures in that they do not allow respondents to control the measurement outcome; they therefore measure more spontaneous aspects of attitudes. These results shed new light on intergroup attitudes of the higher educated. Higher educated people are more likely to be aversive racists, that is, to score low on explicit, but not implicit measures of prejudice. Given the differential relation of explicit versus implicit measures to behavior, they have wide-ranging implications for the kind of intergroup behavior and discrimination we can expect from less and more highly educated people.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Aversive racism,Education,Implicit measures,Racial attitudes,Self-report measures},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/ZYMSVZNV/Kuppens und Spears - 2014 - You don’t have to be well-educated to be an aversi.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/MN24QPK8/S0049089X14000313.html}
+}
+
+@misc{KVKVolltitel,
+ title = {{{KVK-Volltitel}}},
+ howpublished = {http://kvk.bibliothek.kit.edu/view-title/index.php?katalog=COPAC\&url=http\%3A\%2F\%2Fcopac.jisc.ac.uk\%2Fsearch\%3Fany\%3Dpost\%2520authoritarian\%2520argentina\%26rn\%3D9\&signature=MMm0QfWKimvkop6EOuHu9Shcrs49iCGeE7BmjtJmxYU\&showCoverImg=1},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/GB6HW373/index.html}
+}
+
+@misc{KVKVolltitela,
+ title = {{{KVK-Volltitel}}},
+ howpublished = {http://kvk.bibliothek.kit.edu/view-title/index.php?katalog=COPAC\&url=http\%3A\%2F\%2Fcopac.jisc.ac.uk\%2Fsearch\%3Fany\%3Dpost\%2520authoritarian\%2520argentina\%26rn\%3D9\&signature=MMm0QfWKimvkop6EOuHu9Shcrs49iCGeE7BmjtJmxYU\&showCoverImg=1},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/V7PDVBZQ/index.html}
+}
+
+@misc{KVKVolltitelb,
+ title = {{{KVK-Volltitel}}},
+ howpublished = {http://kvk.bibliothek.kit.edu/view-title/index.php?katalog=DDB\&url=http\%3A\%2F\%2Fportal.dnb.de\%2Fopac.htm\%3Fmethod\%3DshowFullRecord\%26currentResultId\%3Dwoe\%253D\%2522transformation\%2522\%2520AND\%2520woe\%253D\%2522politischer\%2522\%2520AND\%2520woe\%253D\%2522Systeme\%2522\%2520AND\%2520Catalog\%253Ddnb\%252526any\%26currentPosition\%3D1\%26cqlMode\%3Dtrue\&signature=aBXHRzq6iXL9AakYDg9NAo3LfSVJh83jzxOFtonOO0s\&showCoverImg=1},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/BXK8FCD4/index.html}
+}
+
+@misc{KVKVolltitelc,
+ title = {{{KVK-Volltitel}}},
+ howpublished = {http://kvk.bibliothek.kit.edu/view-title/index.php?katalog=BVB\&url=http\%3A\%2F\%2Fgateway-bayern.de\%2FBV039562395\&signature=fm06V14y7qEDWW0wbN8ezT\_0oMrkZbrqYPC0Iuhl2IU\&showCoverImg=1},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/PBNWMSAM/index.html}
+}
+
+@misc{KVKVolltiteld,
+ title = {{{KVK-Volltitel}}},
+ howpublished = {http://kvk.bibliothek.kit.edu/view-title/index.php?katalog=DDB\&url=http\%3A\%2F\%2Fportal.dnb.de\%2Fopac.htm\%3Fmethod\%3DshowFullRecord\%26currentResultId\%3Dwoe\%253D\%2522democratization\%2522\%2520AND\%2520woe\%253D\%2522argentina\%2522\%2520AND\%2520Catalog\%253Ddnb\%252526any\%26currentPosition\%3D6\%26cqlMode\%3Dtrue\&signature=fejhbYtk\_adj1Wq01E-Eu3Or1DjIal4I7VjmfdJZJyo\&showCoverImg=1},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/BKR4WNQB/index.html}
+}
+
+@misc{KVKVolltitele,
+ title = {{{KVK-Volltitel}}},
+ howpublished = {http://kvk.bibliothek.kit.edu/view-title/index.php?katalog=BVB\&url=http\%3A\%2F\%2Fgateway-bayern.de\%2FBV043773678\&signature=QpOi6oKqImP0YdJAmv9dlU2f-wJBYauWnIPrZCY-Pdk\&showCoverImg=1},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/GJM82TFJ/index.html}
+}
+
+@article{lachatAssessingMechanicalPsychological2015,
+ title = {Assessing the {{Mechanical}} and {{Psychological Effects}} of {{District Magnitude}}},
+ author = {Lachat, Romain and Blais, Andr{\'e} and Lago, Ignacio},
+ year = {2015},
+ month = jul,
+ journal = {Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties},
+ volume = {25},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {284--299},
+ publisher = {{Routledge}},
+ issn = {1745-7289},
+ doi = {10.1080/17457289.2014.1002791},
+ abstract = {District magnitude is a central aspect of the institutional context in PR elections, and it influences parties' and voters' strategies. The incentives for strategic behaviour are stronger in smaller districts, as only large parties are likely to be viable. This article investigates how much the vote is affected by this characteristic of the electoral context, focusing on the 2005 and 2009 Portuguese elections. Portugal is one of the countries with the largest degree of variation in district magnitude and represents thus an ideal case for analysing district magnitude effects. Relying on data from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems, this study shows a strong mechanical effect of district magnitude and a limited psychological effect.},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2014.1002791},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/8M2ESAEI/17457289.2014.html}
+}
+
+@article{leachTRIBALETHNOGRAPHYPRESENT1986,
+ title = {{{TRIBAL ETHNOGRAPHY}}: {{PAST}}, {{PRESENT}}, {{FUTURE}}},
+ shorttitle = {{{TRIBAL ETHNOGRAPHY}}},
+ author = {Leach, Edmund},
+ year = {1986},
+ journal = {Cambridge Anthropology},
+ volume = {11},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {1--14},
+ publisher = {{Berghahn Books}},
+ issn = {0305-7674}
+}
+
+@article{leamanPopulistLiberalismDominant1999,
+ title = {Populist Liberalism as Dominant Ideology: {{Competing}} Ideas and Democracy in Post-Authoritarian {{Argentina}}, 1989-1995},
+ shorttitle = {Populist Liberalism as Dominant Ideology},
+ author = {Leaman, D. E.},
+ year = {FAL 1999},
+ journal = {Studies in Comparative International Development},
+ volume = {34},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {98--118},
+ issn = {0039-3606},
+ doi = {10.1007/BF02687629},
+ abstract = {This article identifies a new dominant political ideology, populist liberalism, which emerged in Argentina after 1989. This elite-constructed discourse (combining some neo-liberal ideas with old populist emphases) emphasized leadership more than institutions; glorified grand transformation rather than incremental change; stressed economic efficacy more than political representation and participation; and elevated liberty over equality and solidarity. This ideology, a contributing cause and consequence of the Menemist transformation of the Argentine political economy, is assessed against democratic norms and contrasted with its main ideological competitors in Argentina, populist nationalism, democratic nationalism, and democraticc liberalism. The article concludes with a comment on the relationship between populist liberal ideology and the uneven democratization of post-authoritarian Argentine politics.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Argentina,democratization,ideology,latin-america,Menemism,neoliberalism,Peronism,populist liberalism,reform},
+ annotation = {WOS:000089377000006}
+}
+
+@book{leavyFictionResearchPractice2016,
+ title = {Fiction as {{Research Practice}}: {{Short Stories}}, {{Novellas}}, and {{Novels}}},
+ shorttitle = {Fiction as {{Research Practice}}},
+ author = {Leavy, Patricia},
+ year = {2016},
+ month = jun,
+ publisher = {{Routledge}},
+ abstract = {The turn to fiction as a social research practice is a natural extension of what many researchers and writers have long been doing. Patricia Leavy, a widely published qualitative researcher and a novelist, explores the overlaps and intersections between these two ways of understanding and describing human experience. She demonstrates the validity of literary experimentation to the qualitative researcher and how to incorporate these practices into research projects. Five short stories and excerpts from novellas and novels show these methods in action. This book is an essential methodological introduction for those interested in studying or practicing arts-based research.},
+ googlebooks = {4sdmDAAAQBAJ},
+ isbn = {978-1-315-42848-2},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Literary Criticism / General,Psychology / Research \& Methodology,Social Science / Anthropology / General,Social Science / Research}
+}
+
+@article{leclair-paquetWireSpeculativeResearch2014,
+ title = {{\emph{The }}{{{\emph{Wire}}}} as Speculative Research},
+ author = {{Leclair-Paquet}, Benjamin},
+ year = {2014},
+ month = jun,
+ journal = {Architectural Research Quarterly},
+ volume = {18},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {135--144},
+ issn = {1359-1355, 1474-0516},
+ doi = {10.1017/S135913551400044X},
+ abstract = {Created by David Simon in 2002, the HBO series The Wire presents the established moral code of a society that lies outside mainstream America and depicts institutions designed to maintain the status quo. Terry Eagleton suggests of Dickens, that his `grotesque realism is a stylistic distortion in the service of truth, a kind of astigmatism which allows us to see more accurately.' The content of Simon's programme operates in a similar way. It proposes an alternative to academic narratives able to disseminate knowledge beyond the closed-off world of peer review. The richness, uniqueness and intricacy of The Wire has made it difficult to trace its thematic and stylistic heritage. The programme has been referred to as a `lyrical sociology', `a type of urban sociology', `a rendering of urban theory', a `fontless social science', a `theoretical archetype', a `Dickensian show', and more. At an aesthetic level, The Wire has been qualified as a work of `psychological realism', `social realism', as something aspiring to Fredric Jameson's aesthetics of `cognitive mapping', or even a `rich counterpart to actor-network-theory'.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/IA9MJ7JA/Leclair-Paquet - 2014 - The Wire as speculative research.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{leveyPostDictatorshipGenerationArgentina2016,
+ title = {The {{Post-Dictatorship Generation}} in {{Argentina}}, {{Chile}}, and {{Uruguay}}: {{Collective Memory}} and {{Cultural Production}} - by {{Ros}}, {{Ana}}},
+ shorttitle = {The {{Post-Dictatorship Generation}} in {{Argentina}}, {{Chile}}, and {{Uruguay}}},
+ author = {Levey, Cara},
+ year = {2016},
+ month = jan,
+ journal = {Bulletin of Latin American Research},
+ volume = {35},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {100--101},
+ issn = {02613050},
+ doi = {10.1111/blar.12381},
+ langid = {english}
+}
+
+@article{lewisRadiomicsHepatocellularCarcinoma2021,
+ title = {Radiomics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma},
+ author = {Lewis, Sara and Hectors, Stefanie and Taouli, Bachir},
+ year = {2021},
+ month = jan,
+ journal = {Abdominal Radiology},
+ volume = {46},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {111--123},
+ issn = {2366-0058},
+ doi = {10.1007/s00261-019-02378-5},
+ abstract = {The diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma relies largely on non-invasive imaging, and is well suited for radiomics analysis. Radiomics is an emerging method for quantification of tumor heterogeneity by mathematically analyzing the spatial distribution and relationships of gray levels in medical images. The published studies on radiomics analysis of HCC provide encouraging data demonstrating potential utility for prediction of tumor biology, molecular profiles, post-therapy response, and outcome. The combination of radiomics data and clinical/laboratory information provides added value in many studies. Radiomics is a multi-step process that requires optimization and standardization, the development of semi-automated or automated segmentation methods, robust data quality control, and refinement of algorithms and modeling approaches for high-throughput data analysis. While radiomics remains largely in the research setting, the strong associations of predictive models and nomograms with certain pathologic, molecular, and immune markers with tumor aggressiveness and patient outcomes, provide great potential for clinical applications to inform optimized treatment strategies and patient prognosis.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),Histopathology,Outcome,Predictive modeling,Radiomics,Texture analysis},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/RP2T9FMC/Lewis et al. - 2021 - Radiomics of hepatocellular carcinoma.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{lijphartPoliticalConsequencesElectoral1990,
+ title = {The {{Political Consequences}} of {{Electoral Laws}}, 1945\textendash 85},
+ author = {Lijphart, Arend},
+ year = {1990},
+ month = jun,
+ journal = {American Political Science Review},
+ volume = {84},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {481--496},
+ publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
+ issn = {0003-0554, 1537-5943},
+ doi = {10.2307/1963530},
+ abstract = {A systematic analysis of the relationships between the main electoral system variables (electoral formula, district magnitude, and ballot structure) and electoral outcomes (the degrees of disproportionality and multipartism) in the 20 Western democracies from 1945 to 1985\textemdash representing 32 distinct electoral systems (an electoral system being defined as a set of elections held under basically the same rules)\textemdash shows that the effects of both formula and magnitude on proportionality are very strong, much stronger than Douglas W. Rae and subsequent researchers have suggested; that on the other hand, their effects on the number of parties participating in elections is surprisingly weak; and that ballot structure affects the degree of multipartism only in single-member district systems. These findings suggest that strategic behavior by politicians and voters plays a less important role in reducing multipartism than is usually assumed.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/CKWNM7QD/619792BB42A0121C3ACBCA6580D37136.html}
+}
+
+@article{lindnerMillionDollarMaybe2015,
+ title = {Million {{Dollar Maybe}}? {{The Effect}} of {{Female Presence}} in {{Movies}} on {{Box Office Returns}}},
+ shorttitle = {Million {{Dollar Maybe}}?},
+ author = {Lindner, Andrew M. and Lindquist, Melissa and Arnold, Julie},
+ year = {2015},
+ journal = {Sociological Inquiry},
+ volume = {85},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {407--428},
+ issn = {1475-682X},
+ doi = {10.1111/soin.12081},
+ abstract = {This study examines processes that contribute to the underrepresentation of women in film by linking the depiction of gender in film to its impact on domestic box office returns. Drawing on a sample of widely distributed movies from 2000 to 2009 (n = 974), we test whether the box office under-performance of films with an independent female presence results primarily from ``downstream'' public rejection or from an gendered ``upstream'' division of resources that provides greater studio support to movies about men. Using a series of multivariate regression analyses and controlling for genre, critical appraisal, arthouse label, being a sequel, and including a popular star, films with a female presence earn less at the box office. This effect, however, appears to be largely the consequence of movies that feature women having smaller production budgets, suggesting that the underrepresentation of women in film stems from ``upstream'' routines of film industry gatekeepers, not a lesser interest in stories about women in the minds of the public.},
+ langid = {english},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/soin.12081},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/AIMR7JZ7/Lindner et al. - 2015 - Million Dollar Maybe The Effect of Female Presenc.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/3VJ2PFDF/soin.html}
+}
+
+@article{linLookingMagicNumber2003,
+ title = {Looking for the Magic Number: The Optimal District Magnitude for Political Parties in d'{{Hondt PR}} and {{SNTV}}},
+ shorttitle = {Looking for the Magic Number},
+ author = {Lin, J. -W.},
+ year = {2003},
+ month = mar,
+ journal = {Electoral Studies},
+ volume = {22},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {49--63},
+ issn = {0261-3794},
+ doi = {10.1016/S0261-3794(01)00051-8},
+ abstract = {District magnitude is regarded by many as the principal dimension that spans the classification of electoral systems. It is believed that larger parties prefer smaller district magnitudes and vice versa. Problems arise when one tries to be exact: how large must a party be for the single-member district system to be its most favorable choice? Will any party find a particular magnitude most preferable? This article extends existing theories of effective thresholds and proposes a seat\textendash vote equation different from the cube law. With reasonable assumptions, I demonstrate that a certain district magnitude maximizes the expected seat share of a particular median-sized party in elections using the d'Hondt PR or SNTV formulae. The validity of this threshold model is verified by an empirical study on recent elections in Finland and Taiwan.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {D’Hondt PR,District magnitude,Effective threshold,Seat–vote equation,SNTV},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/CMDBS7GW/S0261379401000518.html}
+}
+
+@article{liuApplicationsRadiomicsPrecision2019,
+ title = {The {{Applications}} of {{Radiomics}} in {{Precision Diagnosis}} and {{Treatment}} of {{Oncology}}: {{Opportunities}} and {{Challenges}}},
+ shorttitle = {The {{Applications}} of {{Radiomics}} in {{Precision Diagnosis}} and {{Treatment}} of {{Oncology}}},
+ author = {Liu, Zhenyu and Wang, Shuo and Dong, Di and Wei, Jingwei and Fang, Cheng and Zhou, Xuezhi and Sun, Kai and Li, Longfei and Li, Bo and Wang, Meiyun and Tian, Jie},
+ year = {2019},
+ month = feb,
+ journal = {Theranostics},
+ volume = {9},
+ number = {5},
+ pages = {1303--1322},
+ issn = {1838-7640},
+ doi = {10.7150/thno.30309},
+ abstract = {Medical imaging can assess the tumor and its environment in their entirety, which makes it suitable for monitoring the temporal and spatial characteristics of the tumor. Progress in computational methods, especially in artificial intelligence for medical image process and analysis, has converted these images into quantitative and minable data associated with clinical events in oncology management. This concept was first described as radiomics in 2012. Since then, computer scientists, radiologists, and oncologists have gravitated towards this new tool and exploited advanced methodologies to mine the information behind medical images. On the basis of a great quantity of radiographic images and novel computational technologies, researchers developed and validated radiomic models that may improve the accuracy of diagnoses and therapy response assessments. Here, we review the recent methodological developments in radiomics, including data acquisition, tumor segmentation, feature extraction, and modelling, as well as the rapidly developing deep learning technology. Moreover, we outline the main applications of radiomics in diagnosis, treatment planning and evaluations in the field of oncology with the aim of developing quantitative and personalized medicine. Finally, we discuss the challenges in the field of radiomics and the scope and clinical applicability of these methods.},
+ pmcid = {PMC6401507},
+ pmid = {30867832},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/5E8SKEDB/Liu et al. - 2019 - The Applications of Radiomics in Precision Diagnos.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{liuGadoxeticAcidDisodium2017,
+ title = {Gadoxetic Acid Disodium\textendash Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Outperformed Multidetector Computed Tomography in Diagnosing Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma: {{A}} Meta-Analysis},
+ shorttitle = {Gadoxetic Acid Disodium\textendash Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging Outperformed Multidetector Computed Tomography in Diagnosing Small Hepatocellular Carcinoma},
+ author = {Liu, Xijiao and Jiang, Hanyu and Chen, Jie and Zhou, You and Huang, Zixing and Song, Bin},
+ year = {2017},
+ journal = {Liver Transplantation},
+ volume = {23},
+ number = {12},
+ pages = {1505--1518},
+ issn = {1527-6473},
+ doi = {10.1002/lt.24867},
+ abstract = {Early detection of small hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lesions can improve longterm patient survival. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the diagnostic performance of gadoxetic acid disodium (Gd-EOB-DTPA)\textendash enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) was performed in diagnosing small HCCs measuring up to 2 cm ({$\leq$}2 cm). Two investigators searched multiple databases for studies in which the performances of either Gd-EOB-DTPA\textendash enhanced MRI or MDCT were reported with sufficient data to construct 2 \texttimes{} 2 contingency tables for diagnosing HCCs up to 2 cm on a per-lesion or per-patient level. Diagnostic performances were quantitatively pooled by a bivariate random-effect model with further meta-regression and subgroup analyses. A total of 27 studies (14 on Gd-EOB-DTPA\textendash enhanced MRI, 9 on MDCT, and 4 on both) were included, enrolling a total of 1735 patients on Gd-EOB-DTPA\textendash enhanced MRI and 1781 patients on MDCT. Gd-EOB-DTPA\textendash enhanced MRI demonstrated significantly higher overall sensitivity than did MDCT (0.96 versus 0.65; P {$<$} 0.01), without substantial loss of specificity (0.94 versus 0.98; P {$>$} 0.05). Area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.97 with Gd-EOB-DTPA\textendash enhanced MRI and 0.85 with MDCT. Regarding Gd-EOB-DTPA\textendash enhanced MRI, sensitivity was significantly higher for studies from non-Asian countries than Asian countries (0.96 versus 0.93; P {$<$} 0.01), for retrospective studies than prospective studies (0.95 versus 0.91; P {$<$} 0.01), and for those with Gd-EOB-DTPA injection rate {$\geq$} 1.5 mL/s than that of {$<$}1.5 mL/s (0.97 versus 0.90; P {$<$} 0.01). In conclusion, Gd-EOB-DTPA\textendash enhanced MRI demonstrated higher sensitivity and overall diagnostic accuracy than MDCT, and thus should be the preferred imaging modality for diagnosing small HCCs measuring up to 2 cm. Liver Transplantation 23 1505\textendash 1518 2017 AASLD.},
+ langid = {english},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/lt.24867},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/TEXH4K2D/Liu et al. - 2017 - Gadoxetic acid disodium–enhanced magnetic resonanc.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/JJL95EHL/lt.html}
+}
+
+@article{lizzeriProvisionPublicGoods2001,
+ title = {The {{Provision}} of {{Public Goods}} under {{Alternative Electoral Incentives}}},
+ author = {Lizzeri, Alessandro and Persico, Nicola},
+ year = {2001},
+ month = mar,
+ journal = {American Economic Review},
+ volume = {91},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {225--239},
+ issn = {0002-8282},
+ doi = {10.1257/aer.91.1.225},
+ abstract = {Politicians who care about the spoils of office may underprovide a public good because its benefits cannot be targeted to voters as easily as pork-barrel spending. We compare a winner-take-all system--where all the spoils go to the winner--to a proportional system--where the spoils of office are split among candidates proportionally to their share of the vote. In a winner-take-all system the public good is provided less often than in a proportional system when the public good is particularly desirable. We then consider the electoral college system and show that it is particularly subject to this inefficiency.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {and Voting Behavior,Elections,Legislatures,Models of Political Processes: Rent-seeking,Public Goods},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/IKCGLV7K/Lizzeri und Persico - 2001 - The Provision of Public Goods under Alternative El.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/689STTTB/articles.html}
+}
+
+@article{luebkerIncomeInequalityRedistribution2014,
+ title = {Income {{Inequality}}, {{Redistribution}}, and {{Poverty}}: {{Contrasting Rational Choice}} and {{Behavioral Perspectives}}},
+ shorttitle = {Income {{Inequality}}, {{Redistribution}}, and {{Poverty}}},
+ author = {Luebker, Malte},
+ year = {2014},
+ journal = {Review of Income and Wealth},
+ volume = {60},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {133--154},
+ issn = {1475-4991},
+ doi = {10.1111/roiw.12100},
+ abstract = {Based on the standard axiom of individual utility maximization, rational choice has postulated that higher income inequality translates into greater redistribution by shaping the median voter's preferences. While numerous papers have tested this proposition, the literature has remained divided over the appropriate measure for redistribution. Revisiting the original contribution by Meltzer and Richard in 1981, the present paper argues that the median voter hypothesis implies that relative redistribution should increase in line with inequality. However, an empirical test based on 110 observations from the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS) finds no support for the hypothesis. By contrast, voters' actual preferences offer a better guide to understanding redistributive outcomes. The findings challenge the narrow concept of human motivation that underpins rational choice, and point to the importance of fairness orientations that have been emphasized in behavioral economics.},
+ copyright = {\textcopyright{} 2014 International Labour Organization (ILO). Review of Income and Wealth published by John Wiley \& Sons Ltd on behalf of International Association for Research in Income and Wealth.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {behavioral economics,D03,D31,H23,H55,income distribution,median voter theorem,redistribution},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/roiw.12100},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/8IU8GNM4/Luebker - 2014 - Income Inequality, Redistribution, and Poverty Co.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/YTKUIDUC/roiw.html}
+}
+
+@article{lupuStructureInequalityPolitics2011,
+ title = {The {{Structure}} of {{Inequality}} and the {{Politics}} of {{Redistribution}}},
+ author = {Lupu, Noam and Pontusson, Jonas},
+ year = {2011},
+ month = may,
+ journal = {American Political Science Review},
+ volume = {105},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {316--336},
+ issn = {1537-5943, 0003-0554},
+ doi = {10.1017/S0003055411000128},
+ abstract = {Against the current consensus among comparative political economists, we argue that inequality matters for redistributive politics in advanced capitalist societies, but it is the structure of inequality, not the level of inequality, that matters. Our theory posits that middle-income voters will be inclined to ally with low-income voters and support redistributive policies when the distance between the middle and the poor is small relative to the distance between the middle and the rich. We test this proposition with data from 15 to 18 advanced democracies and find that both redistribution and nonelderly social spending increase as the dispersion of earnings in the upper half of the distribution increases relative to the dispersion of earnings in the lower half of the distribution. In addition, we present survey evidence on preferences for redistribution among middle-income voters that is consistent with our theory and regression results indicating that left parties are more likely to participate in government when the structure of inequality is characterized by skew.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/4N4BGHR7/4EC52915A361D3FE427CBCD493474FB2.html}
+}
+
+@article{luttmerGroupLoyaltyTaste2001,
+ title = {Group {{Loyalty}} and the {{Taste}} for {{Redistribution}}},
+ author = {Luttmer, Erzo F. P.},
+ year = {2001},
+ month = jun,
+ journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
+ volume = {109},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {500--528},
+ issn = {0022-3808},
+ doi = {10.1086/321019},
+ abstract = {Interpersonal preferences\textemdash preferences that depend on the characteristics of others\textemdash are typically hard to infer from observable individual behavior. As an alternative approach, this paper uses survey data to investigate interpersonal preferences. I show that self-reported attitudes toward welfare spending are determined not only by financial self-interest but also by interpersonal preferences. These interpersonal preferences are characterized by a negative exposure effect\textemdash individuals decrease their support for welfare as the welfare recipiency rate in their community rises\textemdash and racial group loyalty\textemdash individuals increase their support for welfare spending as the share of local recipients from their own racial group rises. These findings help to explain why levels of welfare benefits are relatively low in racially heterogeneous states.},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/XHGW6P36/321019.html}
+}
+
+@book{lynchHistoriaArgentina2001,
+ title = {{Historia de la Argentina /}},
+ author = {Lynch, John {$\lnot$}[Hrsg ]{$\lnot$};},
+ year = {2001},
+ series = {{Historia de Am\'erica Latina}},
+ publisher = {{Cr\'itica}},
+ address = {{Barcelona}},
+ isbn = {978-84-8432-277-1},
+ langid = {spanish},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/S62ZS4HH/0011595652.html}
+}
+
+@article{maanenFactFictionOrganizational1979,
+ title = {The {{Fact}} of {{Fiction}} in {{Organizational Ethnography}}},
+ author = {van Maanen, John},
+ year = {1979},
+ month = dec,
+ journal = {Administrative Science Quarterly},
+ volume = {24},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {539--550},
+ publisher = {{Administrative Science Quarterly}},
+ issn = {00018392},
+ doi = {10.2307/2392360},
+ abstract = {The article focuses on the application of ethnographic research methods on organizational theory. The research mandate to generate more facts and beware of premature theorizing, which could negatively effect experimental result objectivity, is reasserted. Various challenges and advantages to ethnographic methods are outlined, describing the differences between first-order and second-order concepts, between presentational and operational data, and misleading aspects such as truth and ignorance within responses. Final conclusions are also provided pointing out unavoidable paradoxes within human-interaction and social constructions in research.},
+ keywords = {Ethnology methodology,Field work (Research),Organizational sociology,Research evaluation,Social science methodology,Social science research},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/ZYBHM23M/Maanen - 1979 - The Fact of Fiction in Organizational Ethnography.pdf}
+}
+
+@book{maanenTalesFieldWriting2011,
+ title = {Tales of the {{Field}}: {{On Writing Ethnography}}, {{Second Edition}}},
+ shorttitle = {Tales of the {{Field}}},
+ author = {Maanen, John Van},
+ year = {2011},
+ month = jul,
+ publisher = {{University of Chicago Press}},
+ abstract = {Once upon a time ethnographers returning from the field simply sat down, shuffled their note cards, and wrote up their descriptions of the exotic and quaint customs they had observed. Today scholars in all disciplines are realizing how their research is presented is at least as important as what is presented. Questions of voice, style, and audience--the classic issues of rhetoric--have come to the forefront in academic circles. John Van Maanen, an experienced ethnographer of modern organizational structures, is one who believes that the real work begins when he returns to his office with cartons of notes and tapes. In Tales of the Field he offers readers a survey of the narrative conventions associated with writing about culture and an analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of various styles. He introduces first the matter-of-fact, realistic report of classical ethnography, then the self-absorbed confessional tale of the participant-observer, and finally the dramatic vignette of the new impressionistic style. He also considers, more briefly, literary tales, jointly told tales, and the theoretically focused formal and critical tales. Van Maanen illustrates his discussion of each style with excerpts from his own work on the police. Tales of the Field offers an informal, readable, and lighthearted treatment of the rhetorical devices used to present the results of fieldwork. Though Van Maanen argues ultimately for the validity of revealing the self while representing a culture, he is sensitive to the differing methods and aims of sociology and anthropology. His goal is not to establish one true way to write ethnography, but rather to make ethnographers of all varieties examine their assumptions about what constitutes a truthful cultural portrait and select consciously and carefully the voice most appropriate for their tales. Written with grace and humor, Tales of the Field will be an invaluable introduction to novices just learning the fieldwork trade and provocative stimulant to veteran ethnographers. "Engaging and well written."--H. Ottenheimer, Choice},
+ googlebooks = {V9hi269OD9cC},
+ isbn = {978-0-226-84964-5},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Language Arts \& Disciplines / Composition \& Creative Writing,Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural \& Social,Social Science / General}
+}
+
+@book{macdougallCorporealImageFilm2005,
+ title = {The {{Corporeal Image}}: {{Film}}, {{Ethnography}}, and the {{Senses}}},
+ shorttitle = {The {{Corporeal Image}}},
+ author = {MacDougall, David},
+ year = {2005},
+ month = oct,
+ journal = {The Corporeal Image},
+ publisher = {{Princeton University Press}},
+ abstract = {{$<$}p{$>$}In this book, David MacDougall, one of the leading ethnographic filmmakers and film scholars of his generation, builds upon the ideas from his widely praised \emph{Transcultural Cinema} and argues for a new conception of how visual images create human knowledge in a world in which the value of seeing has often been eclipsed by words.{$<$}/p{$>$} {$<$}br{$>$} {$<$}p{$>$} In ten chapters, MacDougall explores the relations between photographic images and the human body-the body of the viewer and the body behind the camera as well as the body as seen in ethnography, cinema, and photography. In a landmark piece, he discusses the need for a new field of social aesthetics, further elaborated in his reflections on filming at an elite boys' school in northern India. The theme of the school is taken up as well in his discussion of fiction and nonfiction films of childhood. The book's final section presents a radical view of the history of visual anthropology as a maverick anthropological practice that was always at odds with the anthropology of words. In place of the conventional wisdom, he proposes a new set of principles for visual anthropology.{$<$}/p{$>$} {$<$}br{$>$} {$<$}p{$>$} These are essays in the classical sense--speculative, judicious, lucidly written, and mercifully jargon-free. \emph{The Corporeal Image} presents the latest ideas from one of our foremost thinkers on the role of vision and visual representation in contemporary social thought.{$<$}/p{$>$}},
+ isbn = {978-1-4008-3156-2},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/6LVMANUQ/MacDougall - 2005 - The Corporeal Image Film, Ethnography, and the Se.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/BPH972ZM/507285.html}
+}
+
+@article{macdougallEthnographicFilmFailure1978,
+ title = {Ethnographic {{Film}}: {{Failure}} and {{Promise}}},
+ shorttitle = {Ethnographic {{Film}}},
+ author = {MacDougall, D},
+ year = {1978},
+ journal = {Annual Review of Anthropology},
+ volume = {7},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {405--425},
+ doi = {10.1146/annurev.an.07.100178.002201},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.07.100178.002201},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/TPDFWGNE/MacDougall - 1978 - Ethnographic Film Failure and Promise.pdf}
+}
+
+@book{macdougallObservationalCinema2009,
+ title = {Beyond {{Observational Cinema}}},
+ author = {MacDougall, David},
+ year = {2009},
+ month = dec,
+ journal = {Principles of Visual Anthropology},
+ pages = {115--132},
+ publisher = {{De Gruyter Mouton}},
+ abstract = {Beyond Observational Cinema erschien in Principles of Visual Anthropology auf Seite 115.},
+ chapter = {Principles of Visual Anthropology},
+ isbn = {978-3-11-022113-8},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/WYVS9CTP/MacDougall - 2009 - Beyond Observational Cinema.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/YKTJC9JB/9783110221138.115.html}
+}
+
+@article{mahlerElectoralTurnoutIncome2008,
+ title = {Electoral Turnout and Income Redistribution by the State: {{A}} Cross-National Analysis of the Developed Democracies},
+ shorttitle = {Electoral Turnout and Income Redistribution by the State},
+ author = {Mahler, Vincent A.},
+ year = {2008},
+ journal = {European journal of political research},
+ volume = {47},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {161--183},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/AZ3SXW6E/523464185.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{mahlerElectoralTurnoutState2014,
+ title = {Electoral Turnout and State Redistribution: A Cross-National Study of Fourteen Developed Countries},
+ shorttitle = {Electoral Turnout and State Redistribution},
+ author = {Mahler, Vincent A. and Jesuit, David K. and Paradowski, Piotr R.},
+ year = {2014},
+ journal = {Political Research Quarterly},
+ volume = {67},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {361--373},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/JRTEU98P/822869713.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{mahlerGovernmentInequalityReduction2010,
+ title = {Government {{Inequality Reduction}} in {{Comparative Perspective}}: {{A Cross-National Study}} of the {{Developed World}}},
+ shorttitle = {Government {{Inequality Reduction}} in {{Comparative Perspective}}},
+ author = {Mahler, Vincent A.},
+ year = {2010},
+ month = oct,
+ journal = {Polity},
+ volume = {42},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {511--541},
+ issn = {0032-3497},
+ doi = {10.1057/pol.2010.14},
+ abstract = {This article offers an empirical assessment of a number of aspects of the reduction of market income inequality as a result of government taxes and transfers, and of the distributive effect of wage-bargaining institutions and minimum wages, in thirteen developed countries over the last twenty five years. It considers five broad themes in the literature: the median voter approach, which argues that government redistribution is associated with inequality of pre-government income; the power resources approach, which emphasizes partisan political contestation and electoral participation; the institutional approach, which focuses on political institutions such as the electoral system; the labor organization approach, which argues that labor unions play a key role in government efforts to achieve a more egalitarian distribution of market income; and the economic globalization approach, which argues that integration into the global economy has undermined public social protection efforts. The article finds consistent positive relationships between direct government redistribution and four variables: the extent of pre-government inequality; the level of electoral turnout; the share of the labor force that is unionized; and the presence of proportional representation electoral systems. As to wage-bargaining institutions, the article confirms that there is a positive relationship between the degree of coordination of wage bargaining and a relatively egalitarian distribution of earnings across various income groups, and (more weakly) between the level of statutory minimum wages in a country and the earnings share of the lowest-income group. Polity (2010) 42, 511-541. doi:10.1057/pol.2010.14; published online 12 July 2010},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {democracies,developed countries,globalization,Income inequality,partisanship,policy,politics,redistribution,welfare state,welfare-state},
+ annotation = {WOS:000282247100005}
+}
+
+@article{maioIncomeInequalityMeasures2007,
+ title = {Income Inequality Measures},
+ author = {Maio, Fernando G. De},
+ year = {2007},
+ month = oct,
+ journal = {Journal of Epidemiology \& Community Health},
+ volume = {61},
+ number = {10},
+ pages = {849--852},
+ publisher = {{BMJ Publishing Group Ltd}},
+ issn = {0143-005X, 1470-2738},
+ doi = {10.1136/jech.2006.052969},
+ abstract = {The Gini coefficient has been the most popular method for operationalising income inequality in the public health literature. However, a number of alternative methods exist, and they offer researchers the means to develop a more nuanced understanding of the distribution of income. Income inequality measures such as the generalised entropy index and the Atkinson index offer the ability to examine the effects of inequalities in different areas of the income spectrum, enabling more meaningful quantitative assessments of qualitatively different inequalities. This glossary provides a conceptual introduction to these and other income inequality measures.},
+ chapter = {Glossary},
+ copyright = {2007 the BMJ Publishing Group},
+ langid = {english},
+ pmid = {17873219},
+ keywords = {Atkinson,generalised entropy,Gini,income inequality,Lorenz},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/IPEX7NK4/Maio - 2007 - Income inequality measures.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/DB2KI7CS/849.html}
+}
+
+@article{manowElectoralRulesClass2009,
+ title = {Electoral Rules, Class Coalitions and Welfare State Regimes, or How to Explain {{Esping-Andersen}} with {{Stein Rokkan}}},
+ author = {Manow, Philip},
+ year = {2009},
+ month = jan,
+ journal = {Socio-Economic Review},
+ volume = {7},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {101--121},
+ issn = {1475-1461},
+ doi = {10.1093/ser/mwn022},
+ abstract = {It has been recognized since the publication of Esping-Andersen's Three Worlds of Welfare Capitalism that the advanced Western welfare state comes in-at least-three variants: as a Nordic social-democratic regime, a conservative regime on the European continent or as a liberal welfare state regime in the Anglo-Saxon countries. Why exactly welfare states fit into this three-regime typology remains controversial, however. This article presents an argument which provides the three-regime heuristic with a historical foundation. The argument combines insights into the importance of electoral rules for the representation of socioeconomic interests (of the lower and middle classes) with insights about the different cleavage structures which left their imprint on the party systems of Western Europe. This article's central claim is that a majoritarian electoral system leads to a residual-liberal welfare state, whereas in countries with proportional representation, either a red-green coalition between Social Democracy and agrarian parties (Scandinavia) or a red-black coalition between Social Democracy and Christian Democracy (on the European continent) was responsible for the build-up of the Nordic and continental welfare state, respectively.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {democracies,Democracy,institutions,party,political economy,politics,religion,varieties of capitalism,welfare state},
+ annotation = {WOS:000266042800006}
+}
+
+@article{marquezSpacesAppearanceSpaces2012,
+ title = {Spaces of {{Appearance}} and {{Spaces}} of {{Surveillance}}},
+ author = {Marquez, Xavier},
+ year = {2012},
+ journal = {Polity},
+ volume = {44},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {6--31},
+ issn = {0032-3497},
+ abstract = {Hannah Arendt and Michel Foucault developed different but complementary theories about visibility and power. In an Arendtian "space of appearance," the common visibility of actors generates power, which is understood as the potential for collective action. In a Foucauldian "space of surveillance," visibility facilitates control and normalization. Power generated in spaces of appearance depends on and reproduces horizontal relationships of equality, whereas power in spaces of surveillance depends on and reproduces vertical relationships of inequality. The contrast between a space of appearance and a space of surveillance enhances both Arendts and Foucault s critiques of modern society by both clarifying Arendts concerns with the rise of the "social" in terms of spaces of surveillance, and enriching Foucault s notion of "resistance."}
+}
+
+@article{mayerhoeferIntroductionRadiomics2020,
+ title = {Introduction to {{Radiomics}}},
+ author = {Mayerhoefer, Marius E. and Materka, Andrzej and Langs, Georg and H{\"a}ggstr{\"o}m, Ida and Szczypi{\'n}ski, Piotr and Gibbs, Peter and Cook, Gary},
+ year = {2020},
+ month = apr,
+ journal = {Journal of Nuclear Medicine},
+ volume = {61},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {488--495},
+ issn = {0161-5505, 2159-662X},
+ doi = {10.2967/jnumed.118.222893},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/MMYDK27M/Mayerhoefer et al. - 2020 - Introduction to Radiomics.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{meltzerRationalTheorySize1981,
+ title = {A {{Rational Theory}} of the {{Size}} of {{Government}}},
+ author = {Meltzer, Allan H. and Richard, Scott F.},
+ year = {1981},
+ journal = {Journal of Political Economy},
+ volume = {89},
+ number = {5},
+ pages = {914--927},
+ issn = {0022-3808},
+ abstract = {In a general equilibrium model of a labor economy, the size of government, measured by the share of income redistributed, is determined by majority rule. Voters rationally anticipate the disincentive effects of taxation on the labor-leisure choices of their fellow citizens and take the effect into account when voting. The share of earned income redistributed depends on the voting rule and on the distribution of productivity in the economy. Under majority rule, the equilibrium tax share balances the budget and pays for the voters' choices. The principal reasons for increased size of government implied by the model are extensions of the franchise that change the position of the decisive voter in the income distribution and changes in relative productivity. An increase in mean income relative to the income of the decisive voter increases the size of government.}
+}
+
+@article{milanovicMedianvoterHypothesisIncome2000,
+ title = {The Median-Voter Hypothesis, Income Inequality, and Income Redistribution: An Empirical Test with the Required Data},
+ shorttitle = {The Median-Voter Hypothesis, Income Inequality, and Income Redistribution},
+ author = {Milanovic, Branko},
+ year = {2000},
+ month = sep,
+ journal = {European Journal of Political Economy},
+ volume = {16},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {367--410},
+ issn = {0176-2680},
+ doi = {10.1016/S0176-2680(00)00014-8},
+ abstract = {The median-voter hypothesis has been central to an extensive literature on consequences of income redistribution. For example, it has been proposed that greater inequality is associated with lower growth, because of the greater redistribution that is sought by the median voter when income distribution is less equal. There have however been no proper tests of the median-voter hypothesis concerning redistribution, because of previous absence of data on factor-income distribution (that is, incomes before taxes and transfers) across households, and thus on the gains by poorer households from redistribution. The study reported in this paper is based on the required data, with 79 observations drawn from household budget surveys from 24 democracies. The results strongly support the conclusion that countries with greater inequality of factor income redistribute more to the poor. This is so even when we control for the share of the elderly in the population and for pension transfers. The evidence that the median-voter hypothesis adequately describes the collective-choice mechanism is however considerably weaker. Although middle-income groups gain more/or lose less through redistribution in countries where initial (factor) income distribution is more unequal, this regularity is all but lost when, by excluding pensions, we look only at explicit redistributive social transfers from which middle classes contemporaneously gain little. This leaves us searching for an alternative explanation: do middle-classes gain from transfers in the long run even if not contemporaneously?; or is the median-voter hypothesis, based on direct democracy, a proper representation of the mechanisms of collective decision making in representative democracy?},
+ keywords = {Endogenous growth,Income distribution,Income inequality,Median voter},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/IIPW9QWG/S0176268000000148.html}
+}
+
+@techreport{milliganRegionalGrantsPork2005,
+ type = {{{SSRN Scholarly Paper}}},
+ title = {Regional {{Grants}} as {{Pork Barrel Politics}}},
+ author = {Milligan, Kevin S. and Smart, Michael},
+ year = {2005},
+ month = apr,
+ number = {ID 710903},
+ address = {{Rochester, NY}},
+ institution = {{Social Science Research Network}},
+ abstract = {We investigate the political and economic factors influencing the allocation of regional development grants for a panel of Canadian electoral districts in the 1988-2001 period. In a strong party system such as Canada's, models of political competition predict little role for individual legislators, as party leaders allocate resources to maximize party success. While spending is targeted toward some "swing" districts, we do also find it is higher in districts represented by members of the government party, especially those in the federal Cabinet, and those of lower seniority. We develop a model featuring bargaining over legislative and non-legislative favours that is consistent with the evidence.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Kevin S. Milligan,Michael Smart,Regional Grants as Pork Barrel Politics,SSRN},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/UHRZEWJM/papers.html}
+}
+
+@article{mirandamagalhaessantosStateoftheartRadiomicsHepatocellular2020,
+ title = {State-of-the-Art in Radiomics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Review of Basic Principles, Applications, and Limitations},
+ shorttitle = {State-of-the-Art in Radiomics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma},
+ author = {Miranda Magalhaes Santos, Joao Manoel and Clemente Oliveira, Brunna and {Araujo-Filho}, Jose de Arimateia Batista and {Assuncao-Jr}, Antonildes N. and {de M. Machado}, Felipe Augusto and Carlos Tavares Rocha, Camila and Horvat, Joao Vicente and Menezes, Marcos Roberto and Horvat, Natally},
+ year = {2020},
+ month = feb,
+ journal = {Abdominal Radiology},
+ volume = {45},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {342--353},
+ issn = {2366-0058},
+ doi = {10.1007/s00261-019-02299-3},
+ abstract = {Radiomics is a new field in medical imaging with the potential of changing medical practice. Radiomics is characterized by the extraction of several quantitative imaging features which are not visible to the naked eye from conventional imaging modalities, and its correlation with specific relevant clinical endpoints, such as pathology, therapeutic response, and survival. Several studies have evaluated the use of radiomics in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with encouraging results, particularly in the pretreatment prediction of tumor biological characteristics, risk of recurrence, and survival. In spite of this, there are limitations and challenges to be overcome before the implementation of radiomics into clinical routine. In this article, we will review the concepts of radiomics and their current potential applications in patients with HCC. It is important that the multidisciplinary team involved in the treatment of patients with HCC be aware of the basic principles, benefits, and limitations of radiomics in order to achieve a balanced interpretation of the results toward a personalized medicine.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Computed tomography,Hepatocellular carcinoma,Liver neoplasms,Magnetic resonance imaging,Positron emission tomography,Radiomics,Textural analysis},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/H7M66U2I/Miranda Magalhaes Santos et al. - 2020 - State-of-the-art in radiomics of hepatocellular ca.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{mirrleesExplorationTheoryOptimum1971,
+ title = {An {{Exploration}} in the {{Theory}} of {{Optimum Income Taxation}}},
+ author = {Mirrlees, J. A.},
+ year = {1971},
+ journal = {The Review of Economic Studies},
+ volume = {38},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {175--208},
+ issn = {0034-6527},
+ doi = {10.2307/2296779}
+}
+
+@article{morganMarketInequalityRedistribution2013,
+ title = {Market {{Inequality}} and {{Redistribution}} in {{Latin America}} and the {{Caribbean}}},
+ author = {Morgan, Jana and Kelly, Nathan J.},
+ year = {2013},
+ month = jul,
+ journal = {The Journal of Politics},
+ volume = {75},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {672--685},
+ issn = {0022-3816},
+ doi = {10.1017/S0022381613000509},
+ abstract = {This article analyzes how politics influences Latin American and Caribbean income inequality. Most studies view the distributional process in two phases with inequality shaped first by markets and then by state redistribution. Typically, cross-national analyses of inequality limit the influence of politics to the redistributive phase. But we argue that a full understanding of how government affects inequality must also consider how politics shapes the market. While redistribution is undoubtedly an important mechanism employed by government to influence distributional outcomes, we find that inequality produced by the market is more responsive to politics than is redistribution. Left partisan power and public investment in human capital significantly reduce inequality in the market phase. In addition, social spending on human capital conditions the effect of economic growth. As human capital investment increases, growth becomes more equality enhancing, providing further evidence of the market conditioning effect of policy.},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/QK52GFXT/S0022381613000509.html}
+}
+
+@article{moridScopingReviewTransfer2021,
+ title = {A Scoping Review of Transfer Learning Research on Medical Image Analysis Using {{ImageNet}}},
+ author = {Morid, Mohammad Amin and Borjali, Alireza and Del Fiol, Guilherme},
+ year = {2021},
+ month = jan,
+ journal = {Computers in Biology and Medicine},
+ volume = {128},
+ pages = {104115},
+ issn = {0010-4825},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.104115},
+ abstract = {Objective Employing transfer learning (TL) with convolutional neural networks (CNNs), well-trained on non-medical ImageNet dataset, has shown promising results for medical image analysis in recent years. We aimed to conduct a scoping review to identify these studies and summarize their characteristics in terms of the problem description, input, methodology, and outcome. Materials and methods To identify relevant studies, MEDLINE, IEEE, and ACM digital library were searched for studies published between June 1st, 2012 and January 2nd, 2020. Two investigators independently reviewed articles to determine eligibility and to extract data according to a study protocol defined a priori. Results After screening of 8421 articles, 102 met the inclusion criteria. Of 22 anatomical areas, eye (18\%), breast (14\%), and brain (12\%) were the most commonly studied. Data augmentation was performed in 72\% of fine-tuning TL studies versus 15\% of the feature-extracting TL studies. Inception models were the most commonly used in breast related studies (50\%), while VGGNet was the common in eye (44\%), skin (50\%) and tooth (57\%) studies. AlexNet for brain (42\%) and DenseNet for lung studies (38\%) were the most frequently used models. Inception models were the most frequently used for studies that analyzed ultrasound (55\%), endoscopy (57\%), and skeletal system X-rays (57\%). VGGNet was the most common for fundus (42\%) and optical coherence tomography images (50\%). AlexNet was the most frequent model for brain MRIs (36\%) and breast X-Rays (50\%). 35\% of the studies compared their model with other well-trained CNN models and 33\% of them provided visualization for interpretation. Discussion This study identified the most prevalent tracks of implementation in the literature for data preparation, methodology selection and output evaluation for various medical image analysis tasks. Also, we identified several critical research gaps existing in the TL studies on medical image analysis. The findings of this scoping review can be used in future TL studies to guide the selection of appropriate research approaches, as well as identify research gaps and opportunities for innovation.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Convolutional neural network,ImageNet,Medical imaging,Transfer learning},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/RR43US2V/Morid et al. - 2021 - A scoping review of transfer learning research on .pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/VXBFBWB2/S0010482520304467.html}
+}
+
+@article{moridScopingReviewTransfer2021a,
+ title = {A Scoping Review of Transfer Learning Research on Medical Image Analysis Using {{ImageNet}}},
+ author = {Morid, Mohammad Amin and Borjali, Alireza and Del Fiol, Guilherme},
+ year = {2021},
+ month = jan,
+ journal = {Computers in Biology and Medicine},
+ volume = {128},
+ pages = {104115},
+ issn = {00104825},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.compbiomed.2020.104115},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/HVA6IQC8/Morid et al. - 2021 - A scoping review of transfer learning research on .pdf}
+}
+
+@article{moundigbayeWhichPanelData2018,
+ title = {Which Panel Data Estimator Should {{I}} Use? {{A}} Corrigendum and Extension},
+ shorttitle = {Which Panel Data Estimator Should {{I}} Use?},
+ author = {Moundigbaye, Mantobaye and Rea, William S. and Reed, W. Robert},
+ year = {2018},
+ journal = {Economics: The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal},
+ volume = {12},
+ number = {2018-4},
+ pages = {1--31},
+ issn = {1864-6042},
+ doi = {10.5018/economics-ejournal.ja.2018-4},
+ abstract = {This study uses Monte Carlo experiments to produce new evidence on the performance of a wide range of panel data estimators. It focuses on estimators that are readily available in statistical software packages such as Stata and Eviews, and for which the number of cross-sectional units (N) and time periods (T) are small to moderate in size. The goal is to develop practical guidelines that will enable researchers to select the best estimator for a given type of data. It extends a previous study on the subject (Reed and Ye, Which panel data estimator should I use? 2011), and modifies their recommendations. The new recommendations provide a (virtually) complete decision tree: When it comes to choosing an estimator for efficiency, it uses the size of the panel dataset (N and T) to guide the researcher to the best estimator. When it comes to choosing an estimator for hypothesis testing, it identifies one estimator as superior across all the data scenarios included in the study. An unusual finding is that researchers should use different estimators for estimating coefficients and testing hypotheses. The authors present evidence that bootstrapping allows one to use the same estimator for both.},
+ copyright = {http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/QXRN2HDG/Moundigbaye et al. - 2018 - Which panel data estimator should I use A corrige.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/3DVUWMTW/173754.html}
+}
+
+@misc{MultivariateAnalysemethodenAnwendungsorientierte,
+ title = {{Multivariate Analysemethoden: eine anwendungsorientierte Einf\"uhrung}},
+ shorttitle = {{Multivariate Analysemethoden}},
+ abstract = {SLUB \textemdash{} Wir f\"uhren Wissen},
+ howpublished = {https://katalog.slub-dresden.de/id/0-1026759854/\#detail},
+ langid = {ngerman},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/CFU4S8YU/0-1026759854.html}
+}
+
+@article{munckConceptualizingMeasuringDemocracy2002,
+ title = {Conceptualizing and {{Measuring Democracy}}: {{Evaluating Alternative Indices}}},
+ shorttitle = {Conceptualizing and {{Measuring Democracy}}},
+ author = {Munck, Gerardo L. and Verkuilen, Jay},
+ year = {2002},
+ month = feb,
+ journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
+ volume = {35},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {5--34},
+ publisher = {{SAGE Publications Inc}},
+ issn = {0010-4140},
+ doi = {10.1177/001041400203500101},
+ abstract = {A comprehensive and integrated framework for the analysis of data is offered and used to assess data sets on democracy. The framework first distinguishes among three challenges that are sequentially addressed: conceptualization, measurement, and aggregation. In turn, it specifies distinct tasks associated with these challenges and the standards of assessment that pertain to each task. This framework is applied to the data sets on democracy most frequently used in current statistical research, generating a systematic evaluation of these data sets. The authors? conclusion is that constructors of democracy indices tend to be quite self-conscious about methodological issues but that even the best indices suffer from important weaknesses. More constructively, the article?s assessment of existing data sets on democracy identifies distinct areas in which attempts to improve the quality of data on democracy might fruitfully be focused.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/AMNG4JPH/Munck und Verkuilen - 2002 - Conceptualizing and Measuring Democracy Evaluatin.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{narayanEthnographyFictionWhere1999,
+ title = {Ethnography and {{Fiction}}: {{Where Is}} the {{Border}}?},
+ shorttitle = {Ethnography and {{Fiction}}},
+ author = {Narayan, Kirin},
+ year = {1999},
+ journal = {Anthropology and Humanism},
+ volume = {24},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {134--147},
+ issn = {1548-1409},
+ doi = {10.1525/ahu.1999.24.2.134},
+ abstract = {This article seeks to identify writing practices that indicate the presence of a border between ethnography and fiction. I trace a short history of anthropologists writing fiction and draw on a short extract from a novel I am writing that was inspired byfieldwork. Writing ethnographic texts and writing fiction, I argue, involves different perspectives on (1) the disclosure of process, (2) generalization, (3) representations of subjectivity, and (4) accountability. Such orienting landmarks indicate the presence of a border, but it is a border neither impermeable nor fixed. To acknowledge this border is also to allow for mindful border crossings that may potentially enrich both ethnography and fiction.},
+ langid = {english},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1525/ahu.1999.24.2.134},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/T5U5IJ4D/Narayan - 1999 - Ethnography and Fiction Where Is the Border.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/8F45756G/ahu.1999.24.2.html}
+}
+
+@article{nelsonRedistributionIncomeMedian1999,
+ title = {Redistribution and the Income of the Median Voter},
+ author = {Nelson, Phillip},
+ year = {1999},
+ month = jan,
+ journal = {Public Choice},
+ volume = {98},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {187--194},
+ issn = {1573-7101},
+ doi = {10.1023/A:1026419100889},
+ abstract = {The income of the median voter has been measured by median income. This measure fails to consider the income distribution of both voters and number of adults per family. Proper measures of the income of the median voter change standard results. This income is no longer less than mean income; its ratio to mean income is only slightly related to the ratio of median to mean income.},
+ langid = {english}
+}
+
+@article{nelsonRedistributionIncomeMedian1999a,
+ title = {Redistribution and the Income of the Median Voter},
+ author = {Nelson, P.},
+ year = {1999},
+ month = jan,
+ journal = {Public Choice},
+ volume = {98},
+ number = {1-2},
+ pages = {187--194},
+ issn = {0048-5829},
+ doi = {10.1023/A:1026419100889},
+ abstract = {The income of the median voter has been measured by median income. This measure fails to consider the income distribution of both voters and number of adults per family. Proper measures of the income of the median voter change standard results. This income is no longer less than mean income; its ratio to mean income is only slightly related to the ratio of median to mean income.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {behavior,government,rational theory,size},
+ annotation = {WOS:000078940300011}
+}
+
+@article{nyamnjohCameroonianBushfallingNegotiation2011,
+ title = {Cameroonian Bushfalling: {{Negotiation}} of Identity and Belonging in Fiction and Ethnography},
+ shorttitle = {Cameroonian Bushfalling},
+ author = {Nyamnjoh, Francis B.},
+ year = {2011},
+ journal = {American Ethnologist},
+ volume = {38},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {701--713},
+ issn = {1548-1425},
+ doi = {10.1111/j.1548-1425.2011.01331.x},
+ abstract = {Anthropology remains an unpopular discipline among many African intellectuals. I revisit debates on relations between fiction and ethnography to make a case for enriching African anthropology through a systematic reinterpretation of African fiction. I make my case through the ethnography of flexible identities among Cameroonian bushfallers\textemdash who seek their fortunes far from home\textemdash and support it by analysis of a novel, Married But Available. Through the figure of the bushfaller, I discuss hunting and distance farming as metaphors of choice among Cameroonians. Bushfallers are enmeshed in a complex web of expectations and obligations. They continually straddle relationships and social margins in their quest to break and bridge boundaries. Faced with others' obsessive claims of autochthony and authenticity, bushfallers' insistence on being married but available in identity and belonging speaks of the human future as one to be negotiated. It also serves as a metaphor for the relationship I envisage between anthropology and Africa and between fiction and ethnography.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Africa,alterity,anthropology,bushfallers,bushfalling,Cameroon,cultural essentialism,ethnography,fiction,flexible belonging,identity},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://anthrosource.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1548-1425.2011.01331.x},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/8HF3RV8T/Nyamnjoh - 2011 - Cameroonian bushfalling Negotiation of identity a.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/39GW3KEV/j.1548-1425.2011.01331.html}
+}
+
+@incollection{nyamnjohIntimateStrangersConnecting2012,
+ title = {Intimate {{Strangers}}: {{Connecting Fiction}} and {{Ethnography}}},
+ shorttitle = {Intimate {{Strangers}}},
+ booktitle = {The {{Social Life}} of {{Connectivity}} in {{Africa}}},
+ author = {Nyamnjoh, Francis B.},
+ editor = {{de Bruijn}, Mirjam and {van Dijk}, Rijk},
+ year = {2012},
+ pages = {265--287},
+ publisher = {{Palgrave Macmillan US}},
+ address = {{New York}},
+ doi = {10.1057/9781137278029_14},
+ abstract = {Scholarship influenced by politics of exclusion has presented intra-African migrants in search of a productive and meaningful existence as an unbearable burden on those fortunate enough to be recognized and represented as locals, nationals, or citizens (Peberdy 2009; Neocosmos 2010). Locals feel resentment toward African ``Others,'' whose presence is perceived as a threat, a danger, or an infection in need of urgent attention. Almost invariably, African migrants in African cities are perceived as epitomizing backwardness and as being on the limits of humanity, which must be contained if civilization and modernity are to carry the day. Citizens are instinctively expected to close ranks and fight off this ``attack'' by an influx of barbarians who do not quite belong and who must be ``exorcized'' so ``insiders'' do not lose out to this particular breed of ``strangers,'' ``outsiders,'' or ``demons'' who are perceived to have little but inconvenience and inhumanity to contribute (Landau 2011). This attitude is in contrast to fairer-skinned migrants from within and outside the continent who are believed to be higher up the hierarchy of ``purity'' of humanity often expressed in terms of belonging to racial, cultural, geographical, class, gender, and generational categories (Gupta \& Ferguson 1992; Stolcke 1995; Geschiere 2009).},
+ isbn = {978-1-137-27802-9},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {African City,Cell Phone,Everyday Reality,Meaningful Existence,Romantic Relationship}
+}
+
+@article{oconnorSPSSSASPrograms2000,
+ title = {{{SPSS}} and {{SAS}} Programs for Determining the Number of Components Using Parallel Analysis and {{Velicer}}'s {{MAP}} Test},
+ author = {O'connor, Brian P.},
+ year = {2000},
+ month = sep,
+ journal = {Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, \& Computers},
+ volume = {32},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {396--402},
+ issn = {1532-5970},
+ doi = {10.3758/BF03200807},
+ abstract = {Popular statistical software packages do not have the proper procedures for determining the number of components in factor and principal components analyses. Parallel analysis and Velicer's minimum average partial (MAP) test are validated procedures, recommended widely by statisticians. However, many researchers continue to use alternative, simpler, but flawed procedures, such as the eigenvaluesgreater-than-one rule. Use of the proper procedures might be increased if these procedures could be conducted within familiar software environments. This paper describes brief and efficient programs for using SPSS and SAS to conduct parallel analyses and the MAP test.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/FAL3XLAZ/O’connor - 2000 - SPSS and SAS programs for determining the number o.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{ordeshookEthnicHeterogeneityDistrict1994,
+ title = {Ethnic {{Heterogeneity}}, {{District Magnitude}}, and the {{Number}} of {{Parties}}},
+ author = {Ordeshook, Peter C. and Shvetsova, Olga V.},
+ year = {1994},
+ journal = {American Journal of Political Science},
+ volume = {38},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {100--123},
+ publisher = {{[Midwest Political Science Association, Wiley]}},
+ issn = {0092-5853},
+ doi = {10.2307/2111337},
+ abstract = {Recent events leading to the importation of democratic ideas and ideals by previously totalitarian states increase our interest in the ways in which electoral institutions influence party systems. However, even if we restrict our attention to Eastern Europe or the successor states of the Soviet empire, we encounter a range of social diversity--ethnic heterogeneity--that is as great as those in the set of countries examined in earlier studies that seek to identify the influence of electoral laws (see Rae, Lijphart, and Taagepera and Shugart). Curiously, though, these earlier studies fail to ascertain whether and to what extent electoral laws mediate the influence of this heterogeneity. Hence, to develop a more pragmatic understanding of electoral institutions, we adopt the view of electoral laws as intervening structures, and using the data of these earlier analyses, we reconsider the role of one institutional parameter--district magnitude--that some researchers regard as the most important characteristic of an electoral system. Aside from the usual caveats about the limitations of our data, our primary conclusion is that district magnitude is not merely an important determinant of the number of parties that compete in a political system, but that it can offset the tendency of parties to multiply in heterogeneous societies.},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/XXJDQFR8/Ordeshook und Shvetsova - 1994 - Ethnic Heterogeneity, District Magnitude, and the .pdf}
+}
+
+@book{oreillyEthnographicMethods2012,
+ title = {Ethnographic {{Methods}}},
+ author = {O'Reilly, Karen},
+ year = {2012},
+ month = mar,
+ publisher = {{Routledge}},
+ abstract = {This new edition of Karen O'Reilly's popular Ethnographic Methods provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the technical, practical and philosophical issues that arise when employing traditional and innovative research methods in relation to human agents. Using a wide range of case studies and source material to illustrate the dilemmas and resolutions that an ethnographic researcher may encounter, this textbook guides the reader from the initial design and planning stages through to the analysis and writing-up. It explores the historical and philosophical foundations of ethnographic research and goes on to cover a range of relevant topics such as participant observation, qualitative interviews, (focus) group interviews and visual data collection and analysis. Having been substantially revised and updated, the second edition includes new discussions of emerging practices such as reflexive ethnography and autoethnographic accounts, as well as an entire chapter dedicated to new directions in the field \textendash{} including virtual, mobile, multi-sited and global ethnography.},
+ googlebooks = {ncCLAgAAQBAJ},
+ isbn = {978-1-135-19476-5},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Reference / Research,Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural \& Social,Social Science / Research,Social Science / Sociology / General}
+}
+
+@article{ostapczukRandomizedresponseInvestigationEducation2009,
+ title = {A Randomized-Response Investigation of the Education Effect in Attitudes towards Foreigners},
+ author = {Ostapczuk, Martin and Musch, Jochen and Moshagen, Morten},
+ year = {2009},
+ journal = {European Journal of Social Psychology},
+ volume = {39},
+ number = {6},
+ pages = {920--931},
+ issn = {1099-0992},
+ doi = {10.1002/ejsp.588},
+ abstract = {While negative correlations have often been found between a respondent's education and his attitudes towards foreigners, the reasons for this education effect are still under debate. We examined the hypothesis that the highly educated may not be genuinely less xenophobic, but simply more prone to give socially desirable, xenophile answers in attitude questionnaires. We therefore compared the attitudes of respondents who were either questioned directly or using a cheating detection extension of the randomized-response technique (RRT). The latter is supposed to yield more honest answers to sensitive questions by experimentally offering the interviewee a higher degree of confidentiality. Under direct questioning conditions, we replicated the education effect; 75\% of the highly educated expressed xenophile attitudes, as opposed to only 55\% of the less educated. Under randomized-response conditions, we obtained significantly reduced estimates of 53\% for the proportion of xenophiles among the highly educated, and 24\% among the less educated, indicating a strong distortion of self-reported attitudes towards foreigners in both groups. However, a significant proportion of participants disobeyed the RRT instructions regardless of education. Because the education effect was found even after controlling for social desirability, it seems to be a genuine effect, rather than an artefact of a differential response bias. Copyright \textcopyright{} 2008 John Wiley \& Sons, Ltd.},
+ langid = {english},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ejsp.588},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/2ETLNUS9/Ostapczuk et al. - 2009 - A randomized-response investigation of the educati.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/CGTBHXSL/ejsp.html}
+}
+
+@incollection{padmasiniChapter10StateoftheArt2018,
+ title = {Chapter 10 - {{State-of-the-Art}} of {{Level-Set Methods}} in {{Segmentation}} and {{Registration}} of {{Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomographic Retinal Images}}},
+ booktitle = {Soft {{Computing Based Medical Image Analysis}}},
+ author = {Padmasini, Natarajan and Umamaheswari, Rengasamy and Sikkandar, Mohamed Yacin},
+ editor = {Dey, Nilanjan and Ashour, Amira S. and Shi, Fuqian and Balas, Valentina E.},
+ year = {2018},
+ month = jan,
+ pages = {163--181},
+ publisher = {{Academic Press}},
+ doi = {10.1016/B978-0-12-813087-2.00009-9},
+ abstract = {In the quantitative assessment of Diabetic maculopathy from Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography (SDOCT) images, analysis of intraretinal fluid filled regions plays a vital role because of its comparative superiority in providing tissue-level anatomical information. The detailed study on efficacy and performance of soft computing techniques-based automatic detection and diagnosis for SDOCT retinal images is still in the preliminary stage. Although some automatic algorithms have been proposed to segment retinal layers in recent times, full accuracy in edge detection continues to be a challenging problem. Some researchers have developed different versions of automatic algorithms for segmenting intraretinal fluid based on region-based level-set method and the retinal layers by dual gradient method. This particular level-set implementation is carried out using a fast front propagation algorithm. A valid search region is then defined to identify layer boundaries. The features of the segmented region are analyzed volumetrically and based on these temporal characteristics, the severity of the disease can then be estimated. Some operational algorithms have also been developed for registration of Peripapillary OCT and fundus image for the identification of Neovascularization in the early stage of diabetic proliferative retinopathy. This chapter offers the reader a comprehensive review of the soft computing techniques applied to SDOCT retinal image analysis, particularly for image segmentation and registration techniques.},
+ isbn = {978-0-12-813087-2},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Early diagnosis,Registration,Retinal disease,Retinal layers,Segmentation}
+}
+
+@book{paganopoulosInBetweenFictionNonFiction2019,
+ title = {In-{{Between Fiction}} and {{Non-Fiction}}: {{Reflections}} on the {{Poetics}} of {{Ethnography}} of {{Literature}} and {{Film}}},
+ shorttitle = {In-{{Between Fiction}} and {{Non-Fiction}}},
+ author = {Paganopoulos, Michelangelo},
+ year = {2019},
+ month = jan,
+ publisher = {{Cambridge Scholars Publishing}},
+ abstract = {This volume invites the reader to join in with the recent focus on subjectivity and self-reflection, as the means of understanding and engaging with the social and historical changes in the world through storytelling. It examines the symbiosis between anthropology and fiction, on the one hand, by looking at various ways in which the two fields co-emerge in a fruitful manner, and, on the other, by re-examining their political, aesthetic, and social relevance to world history. Following the intellectual crisis of the 1970s, anthropology has been criticized for losing its ethnographic authority and vocation. However, as a consequence of this, ethnographic scope has opened towards more subjective and self-reflexive forms of knowledge and representations, such as the crossing of the boundaries between autobiography and ethnography. The collection of essays re-introduces the importance of authorship in relationship to readership, making a ground-breaking move towards the study of fictional texts and images as cultural, sociological, and political reflections of the time and place in which they were produced. In this way, the contributors here contribute to the widening of the ethnographic scope of contemporary anthropology. A number of the chapters were presented as papers in two conferences organised by the Association of Social Anthropologists of the UK and Commonwealth at Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, entitled ``Arts and aesthetics in a globalising world'' (2012), and at the University of Exeter, entitled ``Symbiotic Anthropologies'' (2015). Each chapter offers a unique method of working in the grey area between and beyond the categories of fiction and non-fiction, while creatively reflecting upon current methodological, ethical, and theoretical issues, in anthropology and cultural studies. This is an important book for undergraduate and post-graduate students of anthropology, cultural and media studies, art theory, and creative writing, as well as academic researchers in these fields.},
+ googlebooks = {BzeEDwAAQBAJ},
+ isbn = {978-1-5275-2569-6},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Fiction / Historical / General,Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural \& Social}
+}
+
+@article{papadimitroulasArtificialIntelligenceDeep2021,
+ title = {Artificial Intelligence: {{Deep}} Learning in Oncological Radiomics and Challenges of Interpretability and Data Harmonization},
+ shorttitle = {Artificial Intelligence},
+ author = {Papadimitroulas, Panagiotis and Brocki, Lennart and Christopher Chung, Neo and Marchadour, Wistan and Vermet, Franck and Gaubert, Laurent and Eleftheriadis, Vasilis and Plachouris, Dimitris and Visvikis, Dimitris and Kagadis, George C. and Hatt, Mathieu},
+ year = {2021},
+ month = mar,
+ journal = {Physica Medica},
+ volume = {83},
+ pages = {108--121},
+ issn = {1120-1797},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.03.009},
+ abstract = {Over the last decade there has been an extensive evolution in the Artificial Intelligence (AI) field. Modern radiation oncology is based on the exploitation of advanced computational methods aiming to personalization and high diagnostic and therapeutic precision. The quantity of the available imaging data and the increased developments of Machine Learning (ML), particularly Deep Learning (DL), triggered the research on uncovering ``hidden'' biomarkers and quantitative features from anatomical and functional medical images. Deep Neural Networks (DNN) have achieved outstanding performance and broad implementation in image processing tasks. Lately, DNNs have been considered for radiomics and their potentials for explainable AI (XAI) may help classification and prediction in clinical practice. However, most of them are using limited datasets and lack generalized applicability. In this study we review the basics of radiomics feature extraction, DNNs in image analysis, and major interpretability methods that help enable explainable AI. Furthermore, we discuss the crucial requirement of multicenter recruitment of large datasets, increasing the biomarkers variability, so as to establish the potential clinical value of radiomics and the development of robust explainable AI models.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Convolutional neural network,Data curation,Deep learning,Explainability,Interpretability,Machine learning,Radiomics},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/LPNCZG6J/Papadimitroulas et al. - 2021 - Artificial intelligence Deep learning in oncologi.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/KK77MRW2/S1120179721001253.html}
+}
+
+@article{parekhDeepLearningRadiomics2019,
+ title = {Deep Learning and Radiomics in Precision Medicine},
+ author = {Parekh, Vishwa S. and Jacobs, Michael A.},
+ year = {2019},
+ month = mar,
+ journal = {Expert Review of Precision Medicine and Drug Development},
+ volume = {4},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {59--72},
+ publisher = {{Taylor \& Francis}},
+ issn = {null},
+ doi = {10.1080/23808993.2019.1585805},
+ abstract = {Introduction: The radiological reading room is undergoing a paradigm shift to a symbiosis of computer science and radiology using artificial intelligence integrated with machine and deep learning with radiomics to better define tissue characteristics. The goal is to use integrated deep learning and radiomics with radiological parameters to produce a personalized diagnosis for a patient.Areas covered: This review provides an overview of historical and current deep learning and radiomics methods in the context of precision medicine in radiology. A literature search for `Deep Learning', `Radiomics', `Machine learning', `Artificial Intelligence', `Convolutional Neural Network', `Generative Adversarial Network', `Autoencoders', Deep Belief Networks'', Reinforcement Learning'', and `Multiparametric MRI' was performed in PubMed, ArXiv, Scopus, CVPR, SPIE, IEEE Xplore, and NIPS to identify articles of interest.Expert opinion: In conclusion, both deep learning and radiomics are two rapidly advancing technologies that will unite in the future to produce a single unified framework for clinical decision support with a potential to completely revolutionize the field of precision medicine.},
+ pmid = {31080889},
+ keywords = {Deep learning networks,machine learning,multiparametric radiomics},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/23808993.2019.1585805},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/ZTIMCX7V/Parekh und Jacobs - 2019 - Deep learning and radiomics in precision medicine.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{parkerBeingThereTeleography2012,
+ title = {Being There, Teleography and {{The Wire}}},
+ author = {Parker, Martin},
+ year = {2012},
+ month = jan,
+ journal = {Journal of Organizational Ethnography},
+ volume = {1},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {23--30},
+ publisher = {{Emerald Group Publishing Limited}},
+ issn = {2046-6749},
+ doi = {10.1108/20466741211220624},
+ abstract = {Purpose\textendash{} The purpose of this paper is to question some of the assumptions about warm proximity which animate the idea of ethnography as a largely naturalistic mode of enquiry.Design/methodology/approach\textendash{} Watching television and having a think.Findings\textendash{} That the history of ethnography can be told as a process of bringing ``them'' closer to ``us'', and this account culminates in the idea of watching a TV show as a mode of academic enquiry.Originality/value\textendash{} Largely depends on whether anyone is actually convinced by the argument.},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/3TJ7H4RI/Parker - 2012 - Being there, teleography and The Wire.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{parkRadiomicsDeepLearning2020,
+ title = {Radiomics and {{Deep Learning}}: {{Hepatic Applications}}},
+ shorttitle = {Radiomics and {{Deep Learning}}},
+ author = {Park, Hyo Jung and Park, Bumwoo and Lee, Seung Soo},
+ year = {2020},
+ month = mar,
+ journal = {Korean Journal of Radiology},
+ volume = {21},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {387--401},
+ publisher = {{The Korean Society of Radiology}},
+ doi = {10.3348/kjr.2019.0752},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/3HP68KT8/Park et al. - 2020 - Radiomics and Deep Learning Hepatic Applications.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/8ZCR769L/1144158.html}
+}
+
+@article{penfold-mounceWireSocialSciencefiction2011,
+ title = {The {{Wire}} as {{Social Science-fiction}}?},
+ author = {{Penfold-Mounce}, Ruth and Beer, David and Burrows, Roger},
+ year = {2011},
+ month = feb,
+ journal = {Sociology},
+ volume = {45},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {152--167},
+ publisher = {{SAGE Publications Ltd}},
+ issn = {0038-0385},
+ doi = {10.1177/0038038510387199},
+ abstract = {This article examines the HBO television series The Wire as an example of a popular cultural form that stimulates the sociological imagination. It provides some examples of how it functions to do this. A brief case study of one character ? ?Snoop? ? is examined to illustrate a set of more general observations. It is suggested that The Wire, although still containing strong narrative elements, provides an intriguing popular cultural example of what Andrew Abbott has recently called a ?lyrical sociology?.},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/8E6QUYIQ/Penfold-Mounce et al. - 2011 - The Wire as Social Science-fiction.pdf}
+}
+
+@book{perezesquivelArgentinienZehnJahre1994,
+ title = {{Argentinien / zehn Jahre Demokratie}},
+ author = {P{\'e}rez Esquivel, Adolfo;},
+ year = {1994},
+ publisher = {{Schmetterling-Verl.}},
+ address = {{Stuttgart}},
+ isbn = {978-3-926369-68-0},
+ langid = {german},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/XMHQQSGI/0010777507.html}
+}
+
+@article{perssonECONOMICEFFECTSCONSTITUTIONS,
+ title = {{{THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF CONSTITUTIONS}}},
+ author = {Persson, Torsten and Tabellini, Guido},
+ pages = {300},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/I3LMVJH5/Persson und Tabellini - THE ECONOMIC EFFECTS OF CONSTITUTIONS.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{peruzzottiRedefiniendoRepresentacionPolitica2004,
+ title = {Redefiniendo La Representaci\'on Pol\'itica: La Sociedad Civil Argentina y El Sistema Representativo En Los Noventa},
+ shorttitle = {Redefiniendo La Representaci\'on Pol\'itica},
+ author = {Peruzzotti, Enrique},
+ year = {2004},
+ month = jan,
+ journal = {Pol\'itica y Gobierno},
+ volume = {11},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {43--72},
+ issn = {14051060},
+ abstract = {This article discusses the corrupt practices and public distrust of Argentine government officials after the country's democratization in 1983. The author examines the development of the conflict between civil and political society over the powers of the representative government in the country. It is argued that Argentina's transition to democracy has created a society that is more demanding of its political leaders, especially in terms of accountability and transparency. An analysis of the presidential bribes scandal in the Argentine senate in 2000 is provided as an example of the growing disillusionment felt among the Argentine population regarding the nation's political leadership.},
+ keywords = {Argentina,Argentina -- Politics \& government -- 1983-2002,Bribery,Civil society,democratization,Government accountability,Political accountability,Political corruption -- Argentina,Political participation,Representative government,Transparency in government}
+}
+
+@article{pettigrewRelativeDeprivationIntergroup2008,
+ title = {Relative {{Deprivation}} and {{Intergroup Prejudice}}},
+ author = {Pettigrew, Thomas F. and Christ, Oliver and Wagner, Ulrich and Meertens, Roel W. and Dick, Rolf Van and Zick, Andreas},
+ year = {2008},
+ journal = {Journal of Social Issues},
+ volume = {64},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {385--401},
+ issn = {1540-4560},
+ doi = {10.1111/j.1540-4560.2008.00567.x},
+ abstract = {Using three diverse European surveys, we test the relationship between relative deprivation (RD) and anti-immigrant prejudice. We find that both group relative deprivation (GRD) and individual relative deprivation (IRD) are found primarily among working-class respondents who are politically alienated. We also find that GRD, but not IRD, serves as a proximal correlate of prejudice. IRD's effects on prejudice are largely mediated through GRD. In addition, GRD partially mediates the effects of such distal predictors of prejudice as education and family income. Finally, blaming the victim mediates in part the GRD link with prejudice. These results lead to a socially situated path model of RD's effects on prejudice with public policy implications.},
+ langid = {english},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://spssi.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1540-4560.2008.00567.x},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/Y97UMJ74/Pettigrew et al. - 2008 - Relative Deprivation and Intergroup Prejudice.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/29KVHXFX/j.1540-4560.2008.00567.html}
+}
+
+@article{pettigrewWHOOPPOSESIMMIGRATION2007,
+ title = {{{WHO OPPOSES IMMIGRATION}}?: {{Comparing German}} with {{North American Findings}}},
+ shorttitle = {{{WHO OPPOSES IMMIGRATION}}?},
+ author = {Pettigrew, Thomas F. and Wagner, Ulrich and Christ, Oliver},
+ year = {2007/ed},
+ journal = {Du Bois Review: Social Science Research on Race},
+ volume = {4},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {19--39},
+ publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
+ issn = {1742-0598, 1742-058X},
+ doi = {10.1017/S1742058X07070038},
+ abstract = {Are the predictors of anti-immigration attitudes consistent across countries with diverse immigration histories and policies? We hypothesize that the key predictors of opposition to immigration are indeed relatively consistent across industrial nations. We test this hypothesis with two surveys using probability samples of German citizens. We then compare our findings with those obtained in recent studies of immigration opinions in Europe generally, and in two of the world's leading immigration-receiving nations: Canada and the United States. Striking similarities emerge in the findings across structural, demographic, contact, economic, political, personality, and threat predictors. Opposition to immigration is routinely found strongest among the older and less-educated segments of the population who live in areas with anti-immigration norms and little contact with immigrants. Anti-immigration attitudes also correlate with political conservatism and alienation, economic deprivation, and especially with authoritarianism, social dominance orientation, and perceived collective threat.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Canada,Germany,Immigration Attitudes,United States},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/TF3PXZQ5/Pettigrew et al. - 2007 - WHO OPPOSES IMMIGRATION Comparing German with No.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/2RWADYU6/C7262768FF5E736C6A410E12E6AF4A3F.html}
+}
+
+@article{piletBALLOTSTRUCTUREDISTRICT2012,
+ title = {{{BALLOT STRUCTURE}}, {{DISTRICT MAGNITUDE AND CONSTITUENCY-ORIENTATION OF MPs IN PROPORTIONAL REPRESENTATION AND MAJORITY ELECTORAL SYSTEMS}}},
+ author = {Pilet, Jean-Benoit and Freire, Andr{\'e} and Costa, Olivier},
+ year = {2012},
+ month = nov,
+ journal = {Representation},
+ volume = {48},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {359--372},
+ publisher = {{Routledge}},
+ issn = {0034-4893},
+ doi = {10.1080/00344893.2012.720880},
+ abstract = {Many studies have been devoted to the way electoral institutions shape the representative process in general, and of the relation between legislators and their local constituency. Yet, the majority of these have been hardly comparative. And when they compared countries, these countries rarely differed in many aspects of the electoral system. This article takes a different perspective by looking at the effect of the electoral formula, district magnitude and ballot structure on how important the constituency is for MPs in three countries that differ on these three components of the electoral system: Belgium, France and Portugal. And the results, though they should be confirmed by analyses on more countries, provide interesting insights. In particular they show that the difference in nature between single and multi-member districts is more important for constituency-orientation than differences between multi-member districts. Second, the article shows that the effect of electoral institutions is not straightforward: its impact is stronger on attitudes towards the constituency than on actaul behaviours of legislators regarding their constituency.},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/00344893.2012.720880},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/UJUQVGKT/00344893.2012.html}
+}
+
+@book{pinkDoingVisualEthnography2013,
+ title = {Doing {{Visual Ethnography}}},
+ author = {Pink, Sarah},
+ year = {2013},
+ month = sep,
+ publisher = {{SAGE}},
+ abstract = {Essential reading for anyone wishing to engage with images, technologies and society, Doing Visual Ethnography is a milestone in ethnographic and visual research. The third edition of this classic text includes new chapters on web-based practices for visual ethnography and the issues surrounding the representation, interpretation and authoring of knowledge with the rise of digital media.~~ The book provides a foundation for thinking about visual ethnography and introduces the practical and theoretical issues relating to the visual and digital technologies used in the field.~~ Drawing upon her original research and the experiences of other ethnographers, Sarah Pink once again challenges our understanding of the world and sets new agendas for visual ethnography by: Helpfully illustrating key concepts within real world contexts Introducing examples from both analogue and digital media Exploring material and electronic texts Setting out the shift towards applied, participatory and public visual scholarship.~~ This book is a must-have for students and researchers across the social sciences who are interested in incorporating audiovisual media into their research practice.},
+ googlebooks = {kGouAgAAQBAJ},
+ isbn = {978-1-4462-9603-5},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Reference / Research,Social Science / Research}
+}
+
+@book{pinkMediaAnthropologyPublic2015,
+ title = {Media, {{Anthropology}} and {{Public Engagement}}},
+ author = {Pink, Sarah and Abram, Simone},
+ year = {2015},
+ month = oct,
+ publisher = {{Berghahn Books}},
+ abstract = {Contemporary anthropology is done in a world where social and digital media are playing an increasingly significant role, where anthropological and arts practices are often intertwined in museum and public intervention contexts, and where anthropologists are encouraged to engage with mass media. Because anthropologists are often expected and inspired to ensure their work engages with public issues, these opportunities to disseminate work in new ways and to new publics simultaneously create challenges as anthropologists move their practice into unfamiliar collaborative domains and expose their research to new forms of scrutiny. In this volume, contributors question whether a fresh public anthropology is emerging through these new practices.},
+ googlebooks = {oHlpCwAAQBAJ},
+ isbn = {978-1-78238-847-0},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural \& Social,Social Science / Media Studies}
+}
+
+@book{pion-berlinCorridorsPowerInstitutions2010,
+ title = {Through {{Corridors}} of {{Power}}: {{Institutions}} and {{Civil-Military Relations}} in {{Argentina}}},
+ shorttitle = {Through {{Corridors}} of {{Power}}},
+ author = {{Pion-Berlin}, David},
+ year = {2010},
+ month = nov,
+ publisher = {{Penn State Press}},
+ googlebooks = {9fV8dqwOASMC},
+ isbn = {978-0-271-04148-3},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {History / Military / General,Political Science / World / Caribbean \& Latin American}
+}
+
+@article{pion-berlinTippingCivilmilitaryBalance1998,
+ title = {Tipping the Civil-Military Balance},
+ author = {{Pion-Berlin}, David and Arceneaux, Craig},
+ year = {1998},
+ month = oct,
+ journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
+ volume = {31},
+ number = {5},
+ pages = {633},
+ issn = {00104140},
+ abstract = {Argues that policy outcomes are inextricably tied to levels of institutional concentration and autonomy in the executive branch. Human rights, civil-military relations and institutional analysis; Institutional model for explaining civil-military outcomes; Overview of the transition to democracy in Chile and Argentina.},
+ keywords = {Argentina,Chile,Civil-military relations,Democracy,Policy sciences}
+}
+
+@article{pitbladoAdaptationVisualVertical1981,
+ title = {Adaptation of the Visual Vertical during Prolonged Body Tilt Varies with Susceptibility to Motion Sickness},
+ author = {Pitblado, C. B. and Mirabile, CS Jr and Richard, J. E.},
+ year = {1981},
+ month = apr,
+ journal = {Perceptual and motor skills},
+ volume = {52},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {455--458},
+ issn = {1558-688X},
+ doi = {10.2466/pms.1981.52.2.455},
+ abstract = {Judgments of the visual vertical, made without a visual reference frame-work, from a tilted-body position, result in systematic constant errors (Aubert effects). Pitblado and Mirabile (1977) showed that these errors vary with motion-sickness susceptibility, persons of intermediate susceptibility showing the greatest error. Recent exploratory work suggested patterns of progressive intra-session change in Aubert effects which might further differentiate groups of differing susceptibility. The raw data for Pitblado and Mirabile's 1977 study were reanalyzed for possible progressive change. This new analysis showed significant progressive reductions in Aubert effects for groups originally high and low, but a nearly significant increase in the intermediate group. New implications concerning group differences in vestibular function are discussed.},
+ langid = {english},
+ pmid = {7271965}
+}
+
+@article{pooleExcessDescriptionEthnography2005,
+ title = {An {{Excess}} of {{Description}}: {{Ethnography}}, {{Race}}, and {{Visual Technologies}}},
+ shorttitle = {An {{Excess}} of {{Description}}},
+ author = {Poole, Deborah},
+ year = {2005},
+ journal = {Annual Review of Anthropology},
+ volume = {34},
+ pages = {159--179},
+ publisher = {{Annual Reviews}},
+ issn = {0084-6570},
+ abstract = {This essay provides an overview of recent anthropological work on the relationship between racial thought and the visual technologies of photography and film. I argue that anthropologists have moved away from a concern with representation per se in favor of the more complex discursive and political landscapes opened up by the concepts of media and the archive. My review of this work focuses on the affective register of suspicion that has surrounded both visual methods and the idea of race in anthropology. Whereas this suspicion has led some to dismiss visual technologies as inherently racializing or objectifying, I argue that it is possible to reclaim suspicion as a productive site for rethinking the particular forms of presence, uncertainty, and contingency that characterize both ethnographic and visual accounts of the world. I begin by discussing recent work on the photographic archive, early fieldwork photography, and the subsequent move in the 1960s and 1970s from still photography to film and video within the emergent subfield of visual anthropology. Finally, I consider how more recent work on the problem of race in favor of descriptive accounts of mediascapes.}
+}
+
+@article{portmannDistrictMagnitudeRepresentation2012,
+ title = {District Magnitude and Representation of the Majority's Preferences: {{Evidence}} from Popular and Parliamentary Votes},
+ shorttitle = {District Magnitude and Representation of the Majority's Preferences},
+ author = {Portmann, Marco and Stadelmann, David and Eichenberger, Reiner},
+ year = {2012},
+ month = jun,
+ journal = {Public Choice},
+ volume = {151},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {585--610},
+ issn = {1573-7101},
+ doi = {10.1007/s11127-010-9760-0},
+ abstract = {Representatives have more effective incentives to cater to the preferences of the majority of citizens when they are elected in districts with few rather than many seats. We investigate this hypothesis empirically by matching Swiss members of parliament's voting behavior on legislative proposals with real referendum outcomes on the same issues for the years 1996 to 2008. We thus identify the impact of district magnitude on representatives' incentives to adhere to citizens' revealed preferences. We find systematic, statistically significant and economically relevant evidence that individual representatives from districts with few seats vote more often in line with majority preferences.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/8AXQEIVG/Portmann et al. - 2012 - District magnitude and representation of the major.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{portmannDistrictMagnitudeRepresentation2012a,
+ title = {District Magnitude and Representation of the Majority's Preferences: {{Evidence}} from Popular and Parliamentary Votes},
+ shorttitle = {District Magnitude and Representation of the Majority's Preferences},
+ author = {Portmann, Marco and Stadelmann, David and Eichenberger, Reiner},
+ year = {2012},
+ month = jun,
+ journal = {Public Choice},
+ volume = {151},
+ number = {3-4},
+ pages = {585--610},
+ issn = {0048-5829, 1573-7101},
+ doi = {10.1007/s11127-010-9760-0},
+ abstract = {Representatives have more effective incentives to cater to the preferences of the majority of citizens when they are elected in districts with few rather than many seats. We investigate this hypothesis empirically by matching Swiss members of parliament's voting behavior on legislative proposals with real referendum outcomes on the same issues for the years 1996 to 2008. We thus identify the impact of district magnitude on representatives' incentives to adhere to citizens' revealed preferences. We find systematic, statistically significant and economically relevant evidence that individual representatives from districts with few seats vote more often in line with majority preferences.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/X8LYZ5LE/Portmann et al. - 2012 - District magnitude and representation of the major.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{portmannDistrictMagnitudeRepresentation2013,
+ title = {District Magnitude and Representation of the Majority's Preferences\textemdash a Reply and New Perspectives},
+ author = {Portmann, Marco and Stadelmann, David and Eichenberger, Reiner},
+ year = {2013},
+ month = jan,
+ journal = {Public Choice},
+ volume = {154},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {149--151},
+ issn = {1573-7101},
+ doi = {10.1007/s11127-012-0038-6},
+ abstract = {We reply to the comment of John Carey and Simon Hix on our original contribution entitled ``District Magnitude and Representation of the Majority's Preferences: Quasi-Experimental Evidence from Popular and Parliamentary Votes'' in Public Choice 151:585\textendash 610 (2012). District magnitude does not necessarily affect deviations between political representatives and their district voters in a strictly monotonic way but monotonicity is upheld for deviations between representatives and the national majority. We provide new perspectives and caution against evaluating electoral systems by focusing on individual politicians' behavior but neglecting aggregation effects.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/VVJG3SHZ/Portmann et al. - 2013 - District magnitude and representation of the major.pdf}
+}
+
+@book{potterWireUrbanDecay2009,
+ title = {The {{Wire}}: {{Urban Decay}} and {{American Television}}},
+ shorttitle = {The {{Wire}}},
+ author = {Potter, Tiffany and Marshall, C. W.},
+ year = {2009},
+ month = dec,
+ publisher = {{Bloomsbury Publishing USA}},
+ abstract = {The first collection of critical essays on HBO's The Wire - the most brilliant and socially relevant television series in years The Wire is about survival, about the strategies adopted by those living and working in the inner cities of America. It presents a world where for many even hope isn't an option, where life operates as day-to-day existence without education, without job security, and without social structures. This is a world that is only grey, an exacting autopsy of a side of American life that has never seen the inside of a Starbucks.Over its five season, sixty-episode run (2002-2008), The Wire presented several overlapping narrative threads, all set in the city of Baltimore. The series consistently deconstructed the conventional narratives of law, order, and disorder, offering a view of America that has never before been admitted to the public discourse of the televisual. It was bleak and at times excruciating. Even when the show made metatextual reference to its own world as Dickensian, it was too gentle by half.By focusing on four main topics (Crime, Law Enforcement, America, and Television), The Wire: Urban Decay and American Television examines the series' place within popular culture and its representation of the realities of inner city life, social institutions, and politics in contemporary American society. This is a brilliant collection of essays on a show that has taken the art of television drama to new heights.},
+ googlebooks = {ixSpAwAAQBAJ},
+ isbn = {978-1-4411-8268-5},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Performing Arts / Television / General,Performing Arts / Television / History \& Criticism}
+}
+
+@book{privitellioBreveHistoriaArgentina2006,
+ title = {{Breve historia de la Argentina /}},
+ author = {Privitellio, Luciano {$\lnot$}de{$\lnot$}; Saborido},
+ year = {2006},
+ series = {{{$\lnot$}El{$\lnot$} libro de bolsillo ; 4247 : Humanidades, Historia}},
+ volume = {4247 : Humanidades, Historia},
+ publisher = {{Alianza Editorial}},
+ address = {{Madrid}},
+ isbn = {978-84-206-6054-7},
+ langid = {spanish},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/H4874253/0011979747.html}
+}
+
+@misc{raghuTransfusionUnderstandingTransfer2019,
+ title = {Transfusion: {{Understanding Transfer Learning}} for {{Medical Imaging}}},
+ shorttitle = {Transfusion},
+ author = {Raghu, Maithra and Zhang, Chiyuan and Kleinberg, Jon and Bengio, Samy},
+ year = {2019},
+ month = oct,
+ number = {arXiv:1902.07208},
+ eprint = {1902.07208},
+ eprinttype = {arxiv},
+ primaryclass = {cs, stat},
+ publisher = {{arXiv}},
+ doi = {10.48550/arXiv.1902.07208},
+ abstract = {Transfer learning from natural image datasets, particularly ImageNet, using standard large models and corresponding pretrained weights has become a de-facto method for deep learning applications to medical imaging. However, there are fundamental differences in data sizes, features and task specifications between natural image classification and the target medical tasks, and there is little understanding of the effects of transfer. In this paper, we explore properties of transfer learning for medical imaging. A performance evaluation on two large scale medical imaging tasks shows that surprisingly, transfer offers little benefit to performance, and simple, lightweight models can perform comparably to ImageNet architectures. Investigating the learned representations and features, we find that some of the differences from transfer learning are due to the over-parametrization of standard models rather than sophisticated feature reuse. We isolate where useful feature reuse occurs, and outline the implications for more efficient model exploration. We also explore feature independent benefits of transfer arising from weight scalings.},
+ archiveprefix = {arXiv},
+ keywords = {Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition,Computer Science - Machine Learning,Statistics - Machine Learning},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/Y8CTW24H/Raghu et al. - 2019 - Transfusion Understanding Transfer Learning for M.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/GDV3LI35/1902.html}
+}
+
+@article{rayReliabilityShortSocial1984,
+ title = {The {{Reliability}} of {{Short Social Desirability Scales}}},
+ author = {Ray, John J.},
+ year = {1984},
+ month = jun,
+ journal = {Journal of Social Psychology},
+ volume = {123},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {133},
+ publisher = {{Taylor \& Francis Ltd}},
+ issn = {00224545},
+ doi = {10.1080/00224545.1984.9924522},
+ abstract = {Short forms of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability scale have been proposed by Strahan and Gerbasi and by Greenwald and Satow. Both have suggested that such scales have satisfactory internal consistency and reliability. O'Gorman, however, reported findings on the Strahan and Gerbasi short forms derived from responses of Australian Army conscripts, which cast doubt on the viability of such short forms. Reliabilities (alpha) of .16, .21, and .36 were reported for 10-, 10-, and 20-item forms of the scale. Such reliabilities make any scale unusable. O'Gorman's data, however, may have been atypical. Although the army conscripts should have formed a sample far more representative in intellectual, educational, and socioeconomic terms than the usual ``sample'' of college students, this advantage may have been outweighed by atypical social desirability responding due to the peculiar institutional position of the Ss. This suspicion is supported by the fact that the alpha for the full 33-item Marlowe-Crowne scale in O'Gorman's data was only .46. Data from less coerced general population Ss might yield quite different results. Such data are reported below.},
+ keywords = {College students,Motivation (Psychology),Social desirability,Social desirability scales,Social psychology,Social science research},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/CTAQ3QY7/Ray - 1984 - The Reliability of Short Social Desirability Scale.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{redlawskVotersEmotionsRace2010,
+ title = {Voters, {{Emotions}}, and {{Race}} in 2008: {{Obama}} as the {{First Black President}}},
+ shorttitle = {Voters, {{Emotions}}, and {{Race}} in 2008},
+ author = {Redlawsk, David P. and Tolbert, Caroline J. and Franko, William},
+ year = {2010},
+ month = dec,
+ journal = {Political Research Quarterly},
+ volume = {63},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {875--889},
+ publisher = {{SAGE Publications Inc}},
+ issn = {1065-9129},
+ doi = {10.1177/1065912910373554},
+ abstract = {Social desirability effects make it difficult to learn voters' racial attitudes. List experiments can tap sensitive issues without directly asking respondents to express overt opinions. The authors report on such an experiment about Barack Obama as the first black president, finding that 30 percent of white Americans were ``troubled'' by the prospect of Obama as the first black president. The authors examine policy and emotional underpinnings of these responses, finding that expressed emotions of anxiety and enthusiasm condition latent racial attitudes and racial policy beliefs especially for those exhibiting a social desirability bias. The results suggest that Obama's victory despite this level of concern about race was at least in part a result of intense enthusiasm his campaign generated. This enthusiasm for Obama may have allowed some white voters to overcome latent concerns about his race. The research suggests emotions are critical in understanding racial attitudes.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/CF792DCE/Redlawsk et al. - 2010 - Voters, Emotions, and Race in 2008 Obama as the F.pdf}
+}
+
+@misc{redmonYOLOv3IncrementalImprovement2018,
+ title = {{{YOLOv3}}: {{An Incremental Improvement}}},
+ shorttitle = {{{YOLOv3}}},
+ author = {Redmon, Joseph and Farhadi, Ali},
+ year = {2018},
+ month = apr,
+ number = {arXiv:1804.02767},
+ eprint = {1804.02767},
+ eprinttype = {arxiv},
+ primaryclass = {cs},
+ publisher = {{arXiv}},
+ doi = {10.48550/arXiv.1804.02767},
+ abstract = {We present some updates to YOLO! We made a bunch of little design changes to make it better. We also trained this new network that's pretty swell. It's a little bigger than last time but more accurate. It's still fast though, don't worry. At 320x320 YOLOv3 runs in 22 ms at 28.2 mAP, as accurate as SSD but three times faster. When we look at the old .5 IOU mAP detection metric YOLOv3 is quite good. It achieves 57.9 mAP@50 in 51 ms on a Titan X, compared to 57.5 mAP@50 in 198 ms by RetinaNet, similar performance but 3.8x faster. As always, all the code is online at https://pjreddie.com/yolo/},
+ archiveprefix = {arXiv},
+ keywords = {Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/R6973AT3/Redmon und Farhadi - 2018 - YOLOv3 An Incremental Improvement.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/375VEYYH/1804.html}
+}
+
+@article{reedWhichPanelData2011,
+ title = {Which Panel Data Estimator Should {{I}} Use?},
+ author = {Reed, W. Robert and Ye, Haichun},
+ year = {2011},
+ month = jan,
+ journal = {Applied Economics},
+ volume = {43},
+ number = {8},
+ pages = {985--1000},
+ issn = {0003-6846},
+ doi = {10.1080/00036840802600087},
+ abstract = {This study employs Monte Carlo experiments to evaluate the performances of a number of common panel data estimators when serial correlation and cross-sectional dependence are both present. It focuses on fixed effects models with less than 100 cross-sectional units and between 10 and 25 time periods (such as are commonly employed in empirical growth studies). Estimator performance is compared on two dimensions: (i) root mean square error and (ii) accuracy of estimated confidence intervals. An innovation of our study is that our simulated panel data sets are designed to look like `real-world' panel data. We find large differences in the performances of the respective estimators. Further, estimators that perform well on efficiency grounds may perform poorly when estimating confidence intervals and vice versa. Our experimental results form the basis for a set of estimator recommendations. These are applied to `out of sample' simulated panel data sets and found to perform well.},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/ZNFKKNCC/00036840802600087.html}
+}
+
+@article{reynoldsDevelopmentReliableValid1982,
+ title = {Development of Reliable and Valid Short Forms of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale},
+ author = {Reynolds, William M.},
+ year = {1982},
+ journal = {Journal of Clinical Psychology},
+ volume = {38},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {119--125},
+ issn = {1097-4679},
+ doi = {10.1002/1097-4679(198201)38:1<119::AID-JCLP2270380118>3.0.CO;2-I},
+ abstract = {Developed, on the basis of responses from 608 undergraduate students to the 33-item Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, three short forms of 11, 12, and 13 items. The psychometric characteristics of these three forms and three other short forms developed by Strahan and Gerbasi (1972) were investigated and comparisons made. Results, in the form of internal consistency reliability, item factor loadings, short form with Marlowe-Crowne total scale correlations, and correlations between Marlowe-Crowne short forms and the Edwards Social Desirability Scale, indicate that psychometrically sound short forms can be constructed. Comparisons made between the short forms examined in this investigation suggest the 13-item form as a viable substitute for the regular 33-item Marlowe-Crowne scale.},
+ langid = {english},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/1097-4679\%28198201\%2938\%3A1\%3C119\%3A\%3AAID-JCLP2270380118\%3E3.0.CO\%3B2-I},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/C3VCQTVI/Reynolds - 1982 - Development of reliable and valid short forms of t.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/VUCM8MIN/1097-4679(198201)381119AID-JCLP22703801183.0.html}
+}
+
+@book{reynoldsElectoralSystemDesign2005,
+ title = {Electoral System Design: The New International {{IDEA}} Handbook},
+ shorttitle = {Electoral System Design},
+ author = {Reynolds, Andrew and Reilly, Ben and Ellis, Andrew},
+ year = {2005},
+ series = {Handbook Series},
+ publisher = {{International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance}},
+ address = {{Stockholm, Sweden}},
+ collaborator = {{International Institute for Democracy {and} Electoral Assistance}},
+ isbn = {978-91-85391-18-9},
+ langid = {english},
+ lccn = {JF1001 .R45 2005},
+ keywords = {Case studies,Elections,Handbooks; manuals; etc},
+ annotation = {OCLC: ocm62889528},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/UXKKSEJJ/Reynolds et al. - 2005 - Electoral system design the new international IDE.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{rinehartFictionalMethodsEthnography1998,
+ title = {Fictional {{Methods}} in {{Ethnography}}: {{Believability}}, {{Specks}} of {{Glass}}, and {{Chekhov}}},
+ shorttitle = {Fictional {{Methods}} in {{Ethnography}}},
+ author = {Rinehart, Robert},
+ year = {1998},
+ month = jun,
+ journal = {Qualitative Inquiry},
+ volume = {4},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {200--224},
+ publisher = {{SAGE Publications Inc}},
+ issn = {1077-8004},
+ doi = {10.1177/107780049800400204},
+ abstract = {With recent calls for new, often radical and experimental ways of "doing" ethnographic writing (e.g., Denzin, Ellis \& Bochner, Harrington, Richardson), the responsibility of ethnographers to write convincingly comes to the fore. In this article, the author explores the use, worldview, and evaluation of writing that stems from a humanistic tradition for the human disciplines. The author delineates some strands of ethnography?the use of fictional methods, the use of fiction that has been factualized, and the use of fictional ethnography. He examines why fiction and fictional devices may in fact be more effective in conveying certain aspects of lived experience, especially to academics, than so-called scienttfic language, and explores, throughout the article, selected macro- and microtech niques that may make fictional ethnography more engaging, palatable, and effective as but one form of the ethnographic strand.},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/2DUX2IA7/Rinehart - 1998 - Fictional Methods in Ethnography Believability, S.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{rizzoRadiomicsFactsChallenges2018,
+ title = {Radiomics: The Facts and the Challenges of Image Analysis},
+ shorttitle = {Radiomics},
+ author = {Rizzo, Stefania and Botta, Francesca and Raimondi, Sara and Origgi, Daniela and Fanciullo, Cristiana and Morganti, Alessio Giuseppe and Bellomi, Massimo},
+ year = {2018},
+ month = nov,
+ journal = {European Radiology Experimental},
+ volume = {2},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {36},
+ issn = {2509-9280},
+ doi = {10.1186/s41747-018-0068-z},
+ abstract = {Radiomics is an emerging translational field of research aiming to extract mineable high-dimensional data from clinical images. The radiomic process can be divided into distinct steps with definable inputs and outputs, such as image acquisition and reconstruction, image segmentation, features extraction and qualification, analysis, and model building. Each step needs careful evaluation for the construction of robust and reliable models to be transferred into clinical practice for the purposes of prognosis, non-invasive disease tracking, and evaluation of disease response to treatment. After the definition of texture parameters (shape features; first-, second-, and higher-order features), we briefly discuss the origin of the term radiomics and the methods for selecting the parameters useful for a radiomic approach, including cluster analysis, principal component analysis, random forest, neural network, linear/logistic regression, and other. Reproducibility and clinical value of parameters should be firstly tested with internal cross-validation and then validated on independent external cohorts. This article summarises the major issues regarding this multi-step process, focussing in particular on challenges of the extraction of radiomic features from data sets provided by computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging.},
+ langid = {english},
+ pmcid = {PMC6234198},
+ pmid = {30426318},
+ keywords = {Biomarkers,Clinical decision-making,Image processing (computer-assisted),Radiomics,Texture analysis},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/MAYNLXID/Rizzo et al. - 2018 - Radiomics the facts and the challenges of image a.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{roberts-douglassExploringPositiveMasculinity2013,
+ title = {Exploring Positive Masculinity Development in {{African American}} Men: {{A}} Retrospective Study},
+ shorttitle = {Exploring Positive Masculinity Development in {{African American}} Men},
+ author = {{Roberts-Douglass}, Karisman and {Curtis-Boles}, Harriet},
+ year = {2013},
+ journal = {Psychology of Men \& Masculinity},
+ volume = {14},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {7--15},
+ publisher = {{Educational Publishing Foundation}},
+ address = {{US}},
+ issn = {1939-151X(Electronic),1524-9220(Print)},
+ doi = {10.1037/a0029662},
+ abstract = {This qualitative study addresses the formation of masculine identity during adolescence among a diverse sample of African American men. Using a mixed research methods design, 15 African American men 18 to 22 years old were asked to recall their experiences of forming a masculine identity during their adolescence. Using the Weiss (Weiss, 1994, Learning from strangers: The art and method of qualitative interview studies. New York, NY: Free Press) model, nine themes related to the conceptualization of masculinity were revealed. Results suggested that positive male role models, in particular fathers and grandfathers, played the largest role in predicting healthy and adaptive masculine identities in contrast to one's peers or the media. Findings can help extend our understanding of sources of positive masculinity development for African American adolescent males. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved)},
+ keywords = {Adolescent Development,Blacks,Gender Identity,Human Males,Identity Formation,Masculinity,Psychosocial Development},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/FSKI6PDJ/2012-27373-001.html}
+}
+
+@article{robertsImagingDiagnosisHepatocellular2018,
+ title = {Imaging for the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: {{A}} Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis},
+ shorttitle = {Imaging for the Diagnosis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma},
+ author = {Roberts, Lewis R. and Sirlin, Claude B. and Zaiem, Feras and Almasri, Jehad and Prokop, Larry J. and Heimbach, Julie K. and Murad, M. Hassan and Mohammed, Khaled},
+ year = {2018},
+ journal = {Hepatology},
+ volume = {67},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {401--421},
+ issn = {1527-3350},
+ doi = {10.1002/hep.29487},
+ abstract = {Multiphasic computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are both used for noninvasive diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with cirrhosis. To determine if there is a relative diagnostic benefit of one over the other, we synthesized evidence regarding the relative performance of CT, extracellular contrast\textendash enhanced MRI, and gadoxetate-enhanced MRI for diagnosis of HCC in patients with cirrhosis. We also assessed whether liver biopsy versus follow-up with the same versus alternative imaging is best for CT-indeterminate or MRI-indeterminate liver nodules in patients with cirrhosis. We searched multiple databases from inception to April 27, 2016, for studies comparing CT with extracellular contrast\textendash enhanced MRI or gadoxetate-enhanced MRI in adults with cirrhosis and suspected HCC. Two reviewers independently selected studies and extracted data. Of 33 included studies, 19 were comprehensive, while 14 reported sensitivity only. For all tumor sizes, the 19 comprehensive comparisons showed significantly higher sensitivity (0.82 versus 0.66) and lower negative likelihood ratio (0.20 versus 0.37) for MRI over CT. The specificities of MRI versus CT (0.91 versus 0.92) and the positive likelihood ratios (8.8 versus 8.1) were not different. All three modalities performed better for HCCs {$\geq$}2 cm. Performance was poor for HCCs {$<$}1 cm. No studies examined whether adults with cirrhosis and an indeterminate nodule are best evaluated using biopsy, repeated imaging, or alternative imaging. Concerns about publication bias, inconsistent study results, increased risk of bias, and clinical factors precluded support for exclusive use of either gadoxetate-enhanced or extracellular contrast\textendash enhanced MRI over CT. Conclusion: CT, extracellular contrast\textendash enhanced MRI, or gadoxetate-enhanced MRI could not be definitively preferred for HCC diagnosis in patients with cirrhosis; in patients with cirrhosis and an indeterminate mass, there were insufficient data comparing biopsy to repeat cross-sectional imaging or alternative imaging. (Hepatology 2018;67:401-421).},
+ langid = {english},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/hep.29487},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/887F6BXI/Roberts et al. - 2018 - Imaging for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcin.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/IFRWK3VT/hep.html}
+}
+
+@article{rogersRadiomicsQualitativeQuantitative2020,
+ title = {Radiomics: From Qualitative to Quantitative Imaging},
+ shorttitle = {Radiomics},
+ author = {Rogers, William and Thulasi Seetha, Sithin and Refaee, Turkey A. G. and Lieverse, Relinde I. Y. and Granzier, Ren{\'e}e W. Y. and Ibrahim, Abdalla and Keek, Simon A. and Sanduleanu, Sebastian and Primakov, Sergey P. and Beuque, Manon P. L. and Marcus, Dami{\"e}nne and {van der Wiel}, Alexander M. A. and Zerka, Fadila and Oberije, Cary J. G. and {van Timmeren}, Janita E and Woodruff, Henry C. and Lambin, Philippe},
+ year = {2020},
+ month = apr,
+ journal = {The British Journal of Radiology},
+ volume = {93},
+ number = {1108},
+ pages = {20190948},
+ publisher = {{The British Institute of Radiology}},
+ issn = {0007-1285},
+ doi = {10.1259/bjr.20190948},
+ abstract = {rogers},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/HGT3ADNE/Rogers et al. - 2020 - Radiomics from qualitative to quantitative imagin.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{romerElusiveMedianVoter1979,
+ title = {The Elusive Median Voter},
+ author = {Romer, Thomas and Rosenthal, Howard},
+ year = {1979},
+ month = oct,
+ journal = {Journal of Public Economics},
+ volume = {12},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {143--170},
+ issn = {0047-2727},
+ doi = {10.1016/0047-2727(79)90010-0},
+ abstract = {While some political scientists have maintained that politics has little, if anything, to do with governmental output, economists have looked at expenditures as reflecting median voter outcomes. They have used the median voter framework extensively, both in theoretical work and in empirical analysis. This paper reviews the empirical work, concluding that the studies fail to indicate that actual expenditures correspond in general to those desired by the median voter. The economic studies fail to identify whether expenditures are at the level desired by the median voter or at some multiple of this level. They also fail to identify whether the median voter is pivotal or a voter at some other fractile is pivotal. Moreover, the basic median voter model is rarely tested against competing theoretical or statistical models. In some studies parameter estimates are not consistent with the theoretical model designed on the basis of the median voter hypothesis. The economic studies suggest that expenditures depend not only on the preferences of voters but also on the structure of political institutions. The presence of bureaucratic threats is offered as an institutional setting that can result in expenditures significantly in excess of those desired by the median voter.},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/S4687XZT/0047272779900100.html}
+}
+
+@book{romeroHistoryArgentinaTwentieth2013,
+ title = {A {{History}} of {{Argentina}} in the {{Twentieth Century}}: {{Updated}} and {{Revised Edition}}},
+ shorttitle = {A {{History}} of {{Argentina}} in the {{Twentieth Century}}},
+ author = {Romero, Luis Alberto},
+ year = {2013},
+ month = oct,
+ publisher = {{Penn State Press}},
+ abstract = {A History of Argentina in the Twentieth Century, originally published in Buenos Aires in 1994, attained instant status as a classic. Written as an introductory text for university students and the general public, it is a profound reflection on the ``Argentine dilemma'' and the challenges that the country faces as it tries to rebuild democracy. Luis Alberto Romero brilliantly and painstakingly reconstructs and analyzes Argentina's tortuous, often tragic modern history, from the ``alluvial society'' born of mass immigration, to the dramatic years of Juan and Eva Per\'on, to the recent period of military dictatorship. For this second English-language edition, Romero has written new chapters covering the Kirchner decade (2003\textendash 13), the upheavals surrounding the country's 2001 default on its foreign debt, and the tumultuous years that followed as Argentina sought to reestablish a role in the global economy while securing democratic governance and social peace.},
+ googlebooks = {IhQuAgAAQBAJ},
+ isbn = {978-0-271-06410-9},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {History / Latin America / General,History / Latin America / South America,History / Modern / 20th Century,Political Science / Political Economy,Political Science / Political Ideologies / Democracy}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{ronnebergerUNetConvolutionalNetworks2015,
+ title = {U-{{Net}}: {{Convolutional Networks}} for {{Biomedical Image Segmentation}}},
+ shorttitle = {U-{{Net}}},
+ booktitle = {Medical {{Image Computing}} and {{Computer-Assisted Intervention}} \textendash{} {{MICCAI}} 2015},
+ author = {Ronneberger, Olaf and Fischer, Philipp and Brox, Thomas},
+ editor = {Navab, Nassir and Hornegger, Joachim and Wells, William M. and Frangi, Alejandro F.},
+ year = {2015},
+ series = {Lecture {{Notes}} in {{Computer Science}}},
+ pages = {234--241},
+ publisher = {{Springer International Publishing}},
+ address = {{Cham}},
+ doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-24574-4_28},
+ abstract = {There is large consent that successful training of deep networks requires many thousand annotated training samples. In this paper, we present a network and training strategy that relies on the strong use of data augmentation to use the available annotated samples more efficiently. The architecture consists of a contracting path to capture context and a symmetric expanding path that enables precise localization. We show that such a network can be trained end-to-end from very few images and outperforms the prior best method (a sliding-window convolutional network) on the ISBI challenge for segmentation of neuronal structures in electron microscopic stacks. Using the same network trained on transmitted light microscopy images (phase contrast and DIC) we won the ISBI cell tracking challenge 2015 in these categories by a large margin. Moreover, the network is fast. Segmentation of a 512x512 image takes less than a second on a recent GPU. The full implementation (based on Caffe) and the trained networks are available at http://lmb.informatik.uni-freiburg.de/people/ronneber/u-net.},
+ isbn = {978-3-319-24574-4},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Convolutional Layer,Data Augmentation,Deep Network,Ground Truth Segmentation,Training Image},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/53IR8BQ7/Ronneberger et al. - 2015 - U-Net Convolutional Networks for Biomedical Image.pdf}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{roySimpleSkullStripping2015,
+ title = {A Simple Skull Stripping Algorithm for Brain {{MRI}}},
+ booktitle = {2015 {{Eighth International Conference}} on {{Advances}} in {{Pattern Recognition}} ({{ICAPR}})},
+ author = {Roy, Shaswati and Maji, Pradipta},
+ year = {2015},
+ month = jan,
+ pages = {1--6},
+ doi = {10.1109/ICAPR.2015.7050671},
+ abstract = {The skull stripping method is an important area of study in brain image processing applications. It acts as preliminary step in numerous medical applications as it increases speed and accuracy of diagnosis in manifold. It removes non-cerebral tissues like skull, scalp, and dura from brain images. In this regard, a simple skull stripping algorithm, termed as S3, is proposed in this paper, which is based on brain anatomy and image intensity characteristics. The proposed S3 method is unsupervised and knowledge based. It uses adaptive intensity thresholding followed by morphological operations, for increased robustness, on brain magnetic resonance (MR) images. The threshold value is adaptively calculated based on the knowledge of intensity distribution in brain MR images. Experimental results, both qualitative and quantitative, are reported on a set of synthetic and real brain MR T1-weighted images. The performance of the proposed S3 algorithm is compared with that of three popular methods, namely, brain extraction tool (BET), brain surface extractor (BSE), and robust brain extraction (ROBEX) using standard validity indices.},
+ keywords = {Brain modeling,Image segmentation,Magnetic resonance imaging,mathematical morphology,Morphology,Robustness,skull stripping,Surface morphology,thresholding}
+}
+
+@article{rubyFutureEthnographicFilm2008,
+ title = {A {{Future}} for {{Ethnographic Film}}?},
+ author = {Ruby, Jay},
+ year = 2008,
+ journal = {Journal of Film \& Video},
+ volume = {60},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {5--14},
+ publisher = {{University Film and Video Association}},
+ issn = {07424671},
+ doi = {10.1353/jfv.0.0005},
+ abstract = {The author discusses "Oak Park Stories," an ethnographic filmmaking project. He suggests that ethnographic and anthropological documentary films should be made by anthropologists rather than filmmakers and discusses his hopes to increase the active participation of audiences by creating ethnographic multimedia presentations that combined photographs, video and text. The presentations were designed to be distributed on CD-ROM discs. The author's presentations profiled a housing center and families of the suburban community of Oak Park, Illinois to explore the social aspects of the area.},
+ keywords = {Active audience theory (Communication),CD-ROM publishing,Ethnographic films,Illinois,Multimedia communications,Oak Park (Ill.),Suburbs -- Social aspects},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/6G7QTHKJ/Ruby - 2008 - A Future for Ethnographic Film.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{rubyLast20Years2005,
+ title = {The Last 20 Years of Visual Anthropology \textendash{} a Critical Review},
+ author = {Ruby, Jay},
+ year = {2005},
+ month = oct,
+ journal = {Visual Studies},
+ volume = {20},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {159--170},
+ issn = {1472-586X, 1472-5878},
+ doi = {10.1080/14725860500244027},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/DBRPVCFB/Ruby - 2005 - The last 20 years of visual anthropology – a criti.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{rudraGlobalizationDemocracyEffective2005,
+ title = {Globalization, Democracy, and Effective Welfare Spending in the Developing World},
+ author = {Rudra, N. and Haggard, S.},
+ year = {2005},
+ month = nov,
+ journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
+ volume = {38},
+ number = {9},
+ pages = {1015--1049},
+ publisher = {{Sage Publications Inc}},
+ address = {{Thousand Oaks}},
+ issn = {0010-4140},
+ doi = {10.1177/0010414005279258},
+ abstract = {The literature on the effects of globalization on social policy and welfare, and the parallel literature on the effects of democracy, operate in mutual isolation to a surprising degree. This article extends the debate on the welfare state in the developing world by examining the social policy reactions of democratic and authoritarian governments to globalization. Using unbalanced panel data on 57 developing nations, and considering social security and health and education spending, the authors examine whether democratic and authoritarian regimes exhibit similar or different social spending priorities in the context of increasing economic openness. The results show that social spending in "hard" authoritarian regimes is more sensitive to the pressures of globalization than in democratic or intermediate regimes.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {business,countries,democracy,economies,globalization,latin-america,openness,redistribution,size,social spending in developing countries,social welfare,state,trade},
+ annotation = {WOS:000232530100001}
+}
+
+@article{sanchezCorruptionParadoxRedistribution2018,
+ title = {Corruption and the `{{Paradox}} of {{Redistribution}}'},
+ author = {S{\'a}nchez, Ang{\'e}lica and Goda, Thomas},
+ year = {2018},
+ journal = {Social Indicators Research: An International and Interdisciplinary Journal for Quality-of-Life Measurement},
+ volume = {140},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {675--693},
+ abstract = {Abstract The existing literature on the determinants of income redistribution has identified a `paradox'. Namely, that countries with a high degree of market income inequality redistribute little, which is in disagreement with the median voter theorem. In a first step, this paper outlines several mechanisms that explain why government corruption might be partially responsible for this `paradox'. In a second step, different corruption perception indices and an instrumental variable approach are used to provide empirical evidence that indicates a significant negative impact of corruption on redistribution levels for a sample of 148 developing and developed countries. This finding suggests that, next to political and need factors, government corruption explains to some extent the `paradox of redistribution'. This is especially true for many developing countries, given that they typically have relatively high degrees of corruption and low levels of redistribution.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Corruption,Income inequality,redistribution},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/XU7NE2MZ/v140y2018i2d10.1007_s11205-017-1781-3.html}
+}
+
+@article{scapicchioDeepLookRadiomics2021,
+ title = {A Deep Look into Radiomics},
+ author = {Scapicchio, Camilla and Gabelloni, Michela and Barucci, Andrea and Cioni, Dania and Saba, Luca and Neri, Emanuele},
+ year = {2021},
+ month = oct,
+ journal = {La radiologia medica},
+ volume = {126},
+ number = {10},
+ pages = {1296--1311},
+ issn = {1826-6983},
+ doi = {10.1007/s11547-021-01389-x},
+ abstract = {Radiomics is a process that allows the extraction and analysis of quantitative data from medical images. It is an evolving field of research with many potential applications in medical imaging. The purpose of this review is to offer a deep look into radiomics, from the basis, deeply discussed from a technical point of view, through the main applications, to the challenges that have to be addressed to translate this process in clinical practice.~A detailed description of the main techniques used in the various steps of radiomics workflow, which includes image acquisition, reconstruction, pre-processing, segmentation, features extraction and analysis, is here proposed, as well as an overview of the main promising results achieved in various applications, focusing on the limitations and possible solutions for clinical implementation.~Only an in-depth and comprehensive description of current methods and applications can suggest the potential power of radiomics in fostering precision medicine and thus the care of patients, especially in cancer detection, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment evaluation.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Features,Imaging biomarkers,Medical imaging,Personalized medicine,Radiomics},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/N5HD9GHX/Scapicchio et al. - 2021 - A deep look into radiomics.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{scerviniEmpiricsMedianVoter2012,
+ title = {Empirics of the Median Voter: Democracy, Redistribution and the Role of the Middle Class},
+ shorttitle = {Empirics of the Median Voter},
+ author = {Scervini, Francesco},
+ year = {2012},
+ month = dec,
+ journal = {The Journal of Economic Inequality},
+ volume = {10},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {529--550},
+ issn = {1573-8701},
+ doi = {10.1007/s10888-011-9183-2},
+ abstract = {This paper improves the empirical investigation on the effectiveness of the median voter theorem. Using high quality data, it is possible to directly observe individual net cash transfers in several countries and to investigate the effects of taxes and transfers on different social classes and in aggregate. This allows testing of both the ``redistribution hypothesis'' (more inequality leads to more redistribution in aggregate) and the ``median voter hypothesis'' (the middle class plays a special role in policy making). Results suggest acceptance of the former and reject on, or at least questioning, of the latter. Not only the gains from redistribution are negligible for the middle class, but also the link between income and redistribution is also lower for it than for any other class of income. Moreover, the strength of the median voter seems to fall over time. Finally, the amount of redistribution targeted to the middle class is lower in more asymmetric societies, a result that contrasts strongly with the median voter theorem.},
+ langid = {english}
+}
+
+@article{scheveDemocracyWarWealth2012,
+ title = {Democracy, {{War}}, and {{Wealth}}: {{Lessons}} from {{Two Centuries}} of {{Inheritance Taxation}}},
+ shorttitle = {Democracy, {{War}}, and {{Wealth}}},
+ author = {Scheve, Kenneth and Stasavage, David},
+ year = {2012},
+ month = feb,
+ journal = {American Political Science Review},
+ volume = {106},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {81--102},
+ publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
+ issn = {1537-5943, 0003-0554},
+ doi = {10.1017/S0003055411000517},
+ abstract = {In this article we use an original data set to provide the first empirical analysis of the political economy of inherited wealth taxation that covers a significant number of countries and a long time frame (1816\textendash 2000). Our goal is to understand why, if inheritance taxes are often very old taxes, the implementation of inheritance tax rates significant enough to affect wealth inequality is a much more recent phenomenon. We hypothesize alternatively that significant taxation of inherited wealth depended on (1) the extension of the suffrage and (2) political conditions created by mass mobilization for war. Using a difference-in-differences framework for identification, we find little evidence for the suffrage hypothesis but very strong evidence for the mass mobilization hypothesis. Our study has implications for understanding the evolution of wealth inequality and the political conditions under which countries are likely to implement policies that significantly redistribute wealth and income.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/6CTPHLPQ/9AE36F339225AA03F2E2A516E16CC2AB.html}
+}
+
+@book{schreuersDemokratieArgentinien19831995,
+ title = {{Demokratie in Argentinien / 1983 bis 1995}},
+ author = {Schreuers, Monika;},
+ year = {1995},
+ langid = {german},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/UIW7N28K/0002239247.html}
+}
+
+@article{serteDeepLearningMedical2022,
+ title = {Deep Learning in Medical Imaging: {{A}} Brief Review},
+ shorttitle = {Deep Learning in Medical Imaging},
+ author = {Serte, Sertan and Serener, Ali and {Al-Turjman}, Fadi},
+ year = {2022},
+ journal = {Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies},
+ volume = {33},
+ number = {10},
+ pages = {e4080},
+ issn = {2161-3915},
+ doi = {10.1002/ett.4080},
+ abstract = {Researchers have used deep learning methods for a human level or better disease identification and detection. This paper reports, in brief, the recent work in deep learning identification of diseases occurring at three unique parts of the human body: the skin, the thorax, and the eye. While earlier reviews reported on the theory, applications, and challenges of such research, what distinguishes this work from the others is the reporting and comprehensive analysis of the key results. In doing so, the paper not only summarizes the major conclusions drawn from them but also emphasizes their weaknesses. The hope is to help the researchers see the big picture in deep learning classification of the diseases of the skin, the thorax and the eye, and guide them to find the right future research direction.},
+ langid = {english},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ett.4080},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/87RZZJG3/Serte et al. - 2022 - Deep learning in medical imaging A brief review.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/DT8CWNS4/ett.html}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{shanthiSkullStrippingAutomatic2007,
+ title = {Skull Stripping and Automatic Segmentation of Brain {{MRI}} Using Seed Growth and Threshold Techniques},
+ booktitle = {2007 {{International Conference}} on {{Intelligent}} and {{Advanced Systems}}},
+ author = {Shanthi, K. J. and Kumar, M. Sasi},
+ year = {2007},
+ month = nov,
+ pages = {422--426},
+ doi = {10.1109/ICIAS.2007.4658421},
+ abstract = {Segmentation of human brain from MRI scan slices without human intervention is the objective of this paper. A simple and accurate method is developed for extracting the brain tissues from the T1 weighted MR Images. The DICOM images are used for segmenting. A hybrid of threshold and seed growth techniques are used in classifying the brain tissues into white matter (WM), gray matter (GM) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).},
+ keywords = {Brain,Classification algorithms,Histograms,Image segmentation,Magnetic resonance imaging,Pixel,Skull},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/TSGWH8JC/4658421.html}
+}
+
+@book{shugartMixedMemberElectoralSystems2001,
+ title = {Mixed-{{Member Electoral Systems}}: {{The Best}} of {{Both Worlds}}?},
+ shorttitle = {Mixed-{{Member Electoral Systems}}},
+ author = {Shugart, Matthew and Wattenberg, Martin P.},
+ year = {2001},
+ month = feb,
+ publisher = {{OUP Oxford}},
+ abstract = {Mixed-member electoral systems may well be the electoral reform of the 21st century, much as proportional representation (PR) was in the 20th century. In the view of many electoral reformers, mixed-member systems offer the best of both the traditional British single-seat district system and PR systems. This book seeks to evaluate: why mixed-member systems have recently appealed to many countries with diverse electoral histories; and how well expectations for these systems have been met. Each major country, which has adopted a mixed system thus, has two chapters in this book, one on origins and one on consequences. These countries are Germany, New Zealand, Italy, Israel, Japan, Venezuela, Bolivia, Mexico, Hungary, and Russia. In addition, there are also chapters on the prospects for a mixed-member system being adopted in Britain and Canada, respectively. The material presented suggests that mixed-member systems have been largely successful thus far. They appear to be more likely than most other electoral systems to generate two-bloc party systems, without in the process reducing minor parties to insignificance. In addition, they are more likely than any other class of electoral system to simultaneously generate local accountability as well as a nationally-oriented party system. Mixed-member electoral systems have now joined majoritarian and proportional systems as basic options which must be considered whenever electoral systems are designed or redesigned. Such a development represents a fundamental change in thinking about electoral systems around the world.},
+ googlebooks = {n\_ufahHi7DoC},
+ isbn = {978-0-19-152897-2},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Political Science / History \& Theory,Political Science / Political Process / Campaigns \& Elections}
+}
+
+@article{shugartTwoEffectsDistrict1985,
+ title = {The {{Two Effects}} of {{District Magnitude}}: {{Venezuela}} as a {{Crucial Experiment}}*},
+ shorttitle = {The {{Two Effects}} of {{District Magnitude}}},
+ author = {Shugart, Matthew F.},
+ year = {1985},
+ journal = {European Journal of Political Research},
+ volume = {13},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {353--364},
+ issn = {1475-6765},
+ doi = {10.1111/j.1475-6765.1985.tb00131.x},
+ abstract = {Following Duverger, low district magnitude (low number of seats per electoral district) produces a mechanical effect, the underrepresentation of small parties, and a psychological effect, discouraging voters from voting for small parties. The two effects usually occur together and cannot be tested separately. However, in Venezuela an experimental `control' is provided by the requirement that voters simultaneously cast a vote for the same party in each of three legislative tiers (Senate, Chamber of Deputies, and State Assembly), each with a different district magnitude. Hence the psychological effect can exert itself on only one tier. In the other tiers exceptionally high or low deviations from proportional representation are observed. The separate effects of district magnitude are analysed by their consequences on the number of electoral parties and the deviation from proportional representation.},
+ langid = {english},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://ejpr.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1475-6765.1985.tb00131.x},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/RRJQ3HSH/j.1475-6765.1985.tb00131.html}
+}
+
+@article{shurRadiomicsOncologyPractical2021,
+ title = {Radiomics in {{Oncology}}: {{A Practical Guide}}},
+ shorttitle = {Radiomics in {{Oncology}}},
+ author = {Shur, Joshua D. and Doran, Simon J. and Kumar, Santosh and {ap Dafydd}, Derfel and Downey, Kate and O'Connor, James P. B. and Papanikolaou, Nikolaos and Messiou, Christina and Koh, Dow-Mu and Orton, Matthew R.},
+ year = {2021},
+ month = oct,
+ journal = {RadioGraphics},
+ volume = {41},
+ number = {6},
+ pages = {1717--1732},
+ publisher = {{Radiological Society of North America}},
+ issn = {0271-5333},
+ doi = {10.1148/rg.2021210037},
+ abstract = {Radiomics refers to the extraction of mineable data from medical imaging and has been applied within oncology to improve diagnosis, prognostication, and clinical decision support, with the goal of delivering precision medicine. The authors provide a practical approach for successfully implementing a radiomic workflow from planning and conceptualization through manuscript writing. Applications in oncology typically are either classification tasks that involve computing the probability of a sample belonging to a category, such as benign versus malignant, or prediction of clinical events with a time-to-event analysis, such as overall survival. The radiomic workflow is multidisciplinary, involving radiologists and data and imaging scientists, and follows a stepwise process involving tumor segmentation, image preprocessing, feature extraction, model development, and validation. Images are curated and processed before segmentation, which can be performed on tumors, tumor subregions, or peritumoral zones. Extracted features typically describe the distribution of signal intensities and spatial relationship of pixels within a region of interest. To improve model performance and reduce overfitting, redundant and nonreproducible features are removed. Validation is essential to estimate model performance in new data and can be performed iteratively on samples of the dataset (cross-validation) or on a separate hold-out dataset by using internal or external data. A variety of noncommercial and commercial radiomic software applications can be used. Guidelines and artificial intelligence checklists are useful when planning and writing up radiomic studies. Although interest in the field continues to grow, radiologists should be familiar with potential pitfalls to ensure that meaningful conclusions can be drawn. Online supplemental material is available for this article. Published under a CC BY 4.0 license.},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/RP23HCQG/Shur et al. - 2021 - Radiomics in Oncology A Practical Guide.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{silverWhoOverreportsVoting1986,
+ title = {Who {{Overreports Voting}}?},
+ author = {Silver, Brian D. and Anderson, Barbara A. and Abramson, Paul R.},
+ year = {1986},
+ journal = {The American Political Science Review},
+ volume = {80},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {613--624},
+ publisher = {{[American Political Science Association, Cambridge University Press]}},
+ issn = {0003-0554},
+ doi = {10.2307/1958277},
+ abstract = {The effects of respondent characteristics with regard to the propensity of nonvoters to report that they voted are examined by analyzing the vote validation studies conducted by the University of Michigan Survey Research Center in 1964, 1976, and 1980. Previous research has suggested that vote overreporting derives from the respondent's wish to appear to engage in socially desirable behavior. This earlier research suggests that the only respondent characteristic that is strongly related to overreporting is race; measures of socioeconomic status and of general political attitudes are said to be at most weakly related to the tendency to exaggerate voting. These earlier conclusions are incorrect. We measure the extent of overreporting for the population "at risk" of overreporting voting: those who did not actually vote. Respondents most inclined to overreport their voting are those who are highly educated, those most supportive of the regime norm of voting, and those to whom the norm of voting is most salient--the same characteristics that are related to the probability that a person actually votes. Blacks are only slightly more likely to overreport voting than whites. The pattern of relations between education and vote overreporting is opposite what would be found if those who falsely reported voting fit the typical image of the uneducated, uninvolved, "acquiescent" respondent who is concerned primarily with pleasing the interviewer.}
+}
+
+@article{singerChangesDistrictMagnitude2018,
+ title = {Do Changes in District Magnitude Affect Electoral Fragmentation? {{Evidence}} over Time at the District Level},
+ shorttitle = {Do Changes in District Magnitude Affect Electoral Fragmentation?},
+ author = {Singer, Matthew and Gershman, Zachary},
+ year = {2018},
+ month = aug,
+ journal = {Electoral Studies},
+ volume = {54},
+ pages = {172--181},
+ issn = {0261-3794},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.electstud.2018.06.003},
+ abstract = {While there is a strong correlation between district magnitudes and electoral fragmentation, studies of national-level electoral system reforms provide mixed evidence that such reforms actually change levels of party system fragmentation because reforms are often endogenous to the outcomes they purport to explain. We propose that the reallocation of seats at the district level in PR systems (which hold geographic boundaries constant) provide better leverage to test how the electoral system affects the party system because these reforms are not politically manipulated in the way that national-level reforms are. We look at the effect of changing district magnitude on the effective number of parties winning seats, the number of parties running for office, and the effective number of parties winning votes in 20 countries. Adding seats increases the number of parties that run for office, the number of parties who win votes, and the number of parties who win seats in the subsequent election. The effects on electoral fragmentation is especially large in ethnically and politically divided countries. While the mechanical effect of adding seats is larger than is the psychological effects on parties or voters, these data provide strong evidence that electoral system reforms directly affect election outcomes.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/ZJ546EWR/S0261379417300999.html}
+}
+
+@article{singerDoesIncreasingDistrict2015,
+ title = {Does Increasing District Magnitude Increase the Number of Parties? {{Evidence}} from {{Spain}}, 1982\textendash 2011},
+ shorttitle = {Does Increasing District Magnitude Increase the Number of Parties?},
+ author = {Singer, Matthew M.},
+ year = {2015},
+ journal = {Electoral Studies},
+ volume = {Complete},
+ number = {38},
+ pages = {118--126},
+ issn = {0261-3794},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.electstud.2015.01.010},
+ abstract = {\textbullet District-level results from Spain, which redistributes seats while holding districtboundaries constant, provide evidence that exogenous changes in district magnitude change electoral dynamics.\textbullet Adding seats to a district does not change the number of parties that run.\textbullet Adding seats to a district results in increased fragmentation of votes and more parties winning seats in the election after district magnitude has increased.\textbullet These results provide evidence that changes in electoral rules can reshape shape electoral patterns, although their effect is largest in small districts where fewer opportunities for small parties exist.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/USVI72YJ/bwmeta1.element.html}
+}
+
+@article{sjobergEthnofictionDramaCreative2008,
+ title = {Ethnofiction: Drama as a Creative Research Practice in Ethnographic Film},
+ shorttitle = {Ethnofiction},
+ author = {Sj{\"o}berg, Johannes},
+ year = {2008},
+ month = jan,
+ journal = {Journal of Media Practice},
+ volume = {9},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {229--242},
+ issn = {1468-2753, 2040-0926},
+ doi = {10.1386/jmpr.9.3.229_1},
+ abstract = {In the mid-1950s visual anthropologist Jean Rouch started to experiment with improvised fiction in ethnographic films such as Jaguar (1957\textendash 1967), Moi, un noir (1958) and La pyramide humaine (1959). Film critics would call these films `ethnofictions'. After agreeing a story outline, the camera simply follows the subjects' improvisations of their own, and others', lived experiences. The aim is to show aspects of ethnographic research otherwise hard to represent. Even though Rouch made ethnofictions as part of his ethnographic research, he infused the genre with elements of surrealism and poetry, and often opposed anyone trying to establish theories about his films. Defying Rouch's view on this matter, this article explores ethnofiction as an ethnographic filmmaking method by drawing on the experiences from fieldwork and filmmaking among transgendered Brazilians living in S\~ao Paulo. A key question is whether fiction and improvised acting could be used as a creative research practice in ethnographic film.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/Y6IL8XCC/Sjöberg - 2008 - Ethnofiction drama as a creative research practic.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{sjobergEthnofictionDramaCreative2008a,
+ title = {Ethnofiction: Drama as a Creative Research Practice in Ethnographic Film},
+ shorttitle = {Ethnofiction},
+ author = {Sj{\"o}berg, Johannes},
+ year = {2008},
+ month = jan,
+ journal = {Journal of Media Practice},
+ volume = {9},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {229--242},
+ issn = {1468-2753, 2040-0926},
+ doi = {10.1386/jmpr.9.3.229_1},
+ abstract = {In the mid-1950s visual anthropologist Jean Rouch started to experiment with improvised fiction in ethnographic films such as Jaguar (1957\textendash 1967), Moi, un noir (1958) and La pyramide humaine (1959). Film critics would call these films `ethnofictions'. After agreeing a story outline, the camera simply follows the subjects' improvisations of their own, and others', lived experiences. The aim is to show aspects of ethnographic research otherwise hard to represent. Even though Rouch made ethnofictions as part of his ethnographic research, he infused the genre with elements of surrealism and poetry, and often opposed anyone trying to establish theories about his films. Defying Rouch's view on this matter, this article explores ethnofiction as an ethnographic filmmaking method by drawing on the experiences from fieldwork and filmmaking among transgendered Brazilians living in S\~ao Paulo. A key question is whether fiction and improvised acting could be used as a creative research practice in ethnographic film.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/4YY5BRDJ/Sjöberg - 2008 - Ethnofiction drama as a creative research practic.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{solliniClinicalApplicationImage2019,
+ title = {Towards Clinical Application of Image Mining: A Systematic Review on Artificial Intelligence and Radiomics},
+ shorttitle = {Towards Clinical Application of Image Mining},
+ author = {Sollini, Martina and Antunovic, Lidija and Chiti, Arturo and Kirienko, Margarita},
+ year = {2019},
+ month = dec,
+ journal = {European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging},
+ volume = {46},
+ number = {13},
+ pages = {2656--2672},
+ issn = {1619-7089},
+ doi = {10.1007/s00259-019-04372-x},
+ abstract = {The aim of this systematic review was to analyse literature on artificial intelligence (AI) and radiomics, including all medical imaging modalities, for oncological and non-oncological applications, in order to assess how far the image mining research stands from routine medical application. To do this, we applied a trial phases classification inspired from the drug development process.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Artificial intelligence,Imaging,Radiomics,Systematic review,Texture analysis,Trial phases},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/XFXAINJC/Sollini et al. - 2019 - Towards clinical application of image mining a sy.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{soltMeasuringIncomeInequality,
+ title = {Measuring {{Income Inequality Across Countries}} and {{Over Time}}: {{The Standardized World Income Inequality Database}}},
+ shorttitle = {Measuring {{Income Inequality Across Countries}} and {{Over Time}}},
+ author = {Solt, Frederick},
+ journal = {Social Science Quarterly},
+ issn = {0038-4941},
+ doi = {10.1111/ssqu.12795},
+ abstract = {Objective This article documents wide-ranging revisions to the Standardized World Income Inequality Database (SWIID), which seeks to maximize the comparability of income inequality estimates for the broadest possible coverage of countries and years. Methods Two k-fold cross-validations, by observation and by country, are used to evaluate the SWIID's success in predicting the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), recognized in the field as setting the standard for comparability. Results The cross-validations indicate that the new SWIID's estimates and their uncertainty are even more accurate than previous versions, extending its advantage in comparability over alternate income inequality data sets. Conclusion Given its superior coverage and comparability, the SWIID remains the optimum source of data for broadly cross-national research on income inequality.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {redistribution},
+ annotation = {WOS:000533688200001}
+}
+
+@article{soltMeasuringIncomeInequality2020,
+ title = {Measuring {{Income Inequality Across Countries}} and {{Over Time}}: {{The Standardized World Income Inequality Database}}},
+ shorttitle = {Measuring {{Income Inequality Across Countries}} and {{Over Time}}},
+ author = {Solt, Frederick},
+ year = {2020},
+ journal = {Social Science Quarterly},
+ volume = {101},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {1183--1199},
+ issn = {1540-6237},
+ doi = {10.1111/ssqu.12795},
+ abstract = {Objective This article documents wide-ranging revisions to the Standardized World Income Inequality Database (SWIID), which seeks to maximize the comparability of income inequality estimates for the broadest possible coverage of countries and years. Methods Two k-fold cross-validations, by observation and by country, are used to evaluate the SWIID's success in predicting the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), recognized in the field as setting the standard for comparability. Results The cross-validations indicate that the new SWIID's estimates and their uncertainty are even more accurate than previous versions, extending its advantage in comparability over alternate income inequality data sets. Conclusion Given its superior coverage and comparability, the SWIID remains the optimum source of data for broadly cross-national research on income inequality.},
+ copyright = {\textcopyright{} 2020 by the Southwestern Social Science Association},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/VD45BFTW/ssqu.html}
+}
+
+@article{soltStandardizedWorldIncome2016,
+ title = {The {{Standardized World Income Inequality Database}}},
+ author = {Solt, Frederick},
+ year = {2016},
+ month = nov,
+ journal = {Social Science Quarterly},
+ volume = {97},
+ number = {5},
+ pages = {1267--1281},
+ issn = {0038-4941},
+ doi = {10.1111/ssqu.12295},
+ abstract = {Objective. Since 2008, the StandardizedWorld Income Inequality Database (SWIID) has provided income inequality data that seek to maximize comparability while providing the broadest possible coverage of countries and years. This article describes the current SWIID's construction, highlighting differences from its original version, and reevaluates the SWIID's utility to cross-national income inequality research in light of recently available alternatives. Methods. Coverage of inequality data sets is assessed across country-years; comparability is evaluated in terms of success in predicting the Luxembourg Income Study (LIS), recognized in the field as the gold standard in comparability, before those data are released. Results. The SWIID offers coverage double that of the next largest income inequality data set, and its record of comparability is three to eight times better than those of alternate data sets. Conclusions. As its coverage and comparability far exceed those of the alternatives, the SWIID remains better suited for broadly cross-national research on income inequality than other available sources.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {redistribution},
+ annotation = {WOS:000389204600018}
+}
+
+@article{soltStandardizingWorldIncome2009,
+ title = {Standardizing the {{World Income Inequality Database}}},
+ author = {Solt, Frederick},
+ year = {2009},
+ month = jun,
+ journal = {Social Science Quarterly},
+ volume = {90},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {231--242},
+ issn = {0038-4941},
+ doi = {10.1111/j.1540-6237.2009.00614.x},
+ abstract = {Cross-national research on the causes and consequences of income inequality has been hindered by the limitations of existing inequality data sets: greater coverage across countries and over time is available from these sources only at the cost of significantly reduced comparability across observations. The goal of the Standardized World Income Inequality Database (SWIID) is to overcome these limitations. A custom missing-data algorithm was used to standardize the U.N. University's World Income Inequality Database; data collected by the Luxembourg Income Study served as the standard. The SWIID provides comparable Gini indices of gross and net income inequality for 153 countries for as many years as possible from 1960 to the present, along with estimates of uncertainty in these statistics. By maximizing comparability for the largest possible sample of countries and years, the SWIID is better suited to broad cross-national research on income inequality than previously available sources.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {economic-inequality,policy,politics,redistribution},
+ annotation = {WOS:000265149000001}
+}
+
+@article{sozzoDemocratizationPoliticsPunishment2016,
+ title = {Democratization, Politics and Punishment in {{Argentina}}},
+ author = {Sozzo, Maximo},
+ year = {2016},
+ month = jul,
+ journal = {Punishment \& Society-International Journal of Penology},
+ volume = {18},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {301--324},
+ issn = {1462-4745},
+ doi = {10.1177/1462474516645689},
+ abstract = {In this paper, I will analyze the metamorphosis of penal policy during the process of democratization of the last three decades in Argentina. The beginning of the transition was characterized by an elitist, formalist, and expert-driven mode of penal policy-making that produced several initiatives towards penal moderation. In this context, a certain contraction of punitiveness was produced. This pattern changed in the 1990s. In the context of the extreme neoliberal reforms, some initiatives had emerged oriented towards the increase of penal severity and extension, in an ambivalent landscape. But in the second half of this decade, penal populism emerged from above as a reaction of the elites that changed radically the mode of penal policy-making and fueled a great growth of punitiveness. After the crisis of 2001, there was a new wave of penal populism from below supported by strong social mobilizations around the figure of the victim. This radical mutation of the mode and orientation of penal policy-making generated an image of an epochal change that seemed to set up a new relationship between penalty and democracy. However, in the mid-2000s some symptoms of blockage of penal populism started to appear, creating tensions and contradictions still present today.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {crime,criminology,Democracy,democratization,politics,punishment,state},
+ annotation = {WOS:000377822300003}
+}
+
+@article{stadelmannLawLargeDistricts2014,
+ title = {The Law of Large Districts: {{How}} District Magnitude Affects the Quality of Political Representation},
+ shorttitle = {The Law of Large Districts},
+ author = {Stadelmann, David and Portmann, Marco and Eichenberger, Reiner},
+ year = {2014},
+ month = sep,
+ journal = {European Journal of Political Economy},
+ volume = {35},
+ pages = {128--140},
+ issn = {0176-2680},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.ejpoleco.2014.05.002},
+ abstract = {It is well established that individual parliamentary representatives are less likely to decide according to the preferences of their constituency when the number of representatives per district, i.e. district magnitude, increases. However, we propose that for majority decisions of district representatives the opposite holds due to the existence of a law of large numbers in political representation. The academic literature has so far focused on the behavior of individual politicians but disregarded systematic aggregation effects. We provide a theoretical discussion and offer empirical evidence for the validity of a law of large numbers in political representation: As district magnitude increases, the quality of political representation by the majority of representatives increases, too.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {District magnitude,Electoral accountability,Law of large districts,Preferences,Representation},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/U3AE7FLX/S0176268014000421.html}
+}
+
+@article{stadelmannPreferenceRepresentationInfluence,
+ title = {Preference {{Representation}} and the {{Influence}} of {{Political Parties}} in {{Majoritarian}} vs. {{Proportional Systems}}: {{An Empirical Test}}},
+ author = {Stadelmann, David and Portmann, Marco and Eichenberger, Reiner},
+ pages = {24},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/IQFG97QQ/Stadelmann et al. - Preference Representation and the Influence of Poli.pdf}
+}
+
+@misc{StepanovaDirectIndirect,
+ title = {Stepanova: {{Direct}} and Indirect Economic Burden of... - {{Google Scholar}}},
+ howpublished = {https://scholar.google.com/scholar\_lookup?author=M\%20Stepanova\&author=Avila\%20L\%20De\&author=M\%20Afendy\&author=I\%20Younossi\&author=H\%20Pham\&inst=7240083048524121927\&journal=Clin\%20Gastroenterol\%20Hepatol\&pages=759-766.e5\&pmid=27464590\&publication\_year=2017\&title=Direct\%20and\%20Indirect\%20Economic\%20Burden\%20of\%20Chronic\%20Liver\%20Disease\%20in\%20the\%20United\%20States\&volume=15},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/UBWZ2NHR/scholar_lookup.html}
+}
+
+@article{stepanovaDirectIndirectEconomic2017,
+ title = {Direct and {{Indirect Economic Burden}} of {{Chronic Liver Disease}} in~the {{United States}}},
+ author = {Stepanova, Maria and De Avila, Leyla and Afendy, Mariam and Younossi, Issah and Pham, Huong and Cable, Rebecca and Younossi, Zobair M.},
+ year = {2017},
+ month = may,
+ journal = {Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology},
+ volume = {15},
+ number = {5},
+ pages = {759-766.e5},
+ issn = {1542-3565},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.cgh.2016.07.020},
+ abstract = {Background \& Aims Chronic liver (CLD) is a major public health concern. We assessed its effects on quality of life and work productivity, as well as its economic burden in the United States. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study of data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS; 2004\textendash 2013). We extracted participants' sociodemographic parameters and medical histories. Subjects with CLD were identified based on Clinical Classification Software codes.~MEPS participants were compared between those with and without CLD, and then between employed and unemployed patients with CLD. Outcomes were quality-of-life scores, employment, and health care use. Results We collected data from 230,406 adult participants (age, {$\geq$}18 y) in the MEPS; 1846 had current CLD (36.7\% with viral hepatitis and 5.3\% with liver cancer). Individuals with CLD were less likely to be employed (44.7\% vs 69.6\% patients without CLD), were not working owing to illness/disability (30.5\% vs 6.6\% without CLD), lost more work because of disability (10.2 vs 3.4 d without CLD), and had more health care use, producing greater health care expenses (\$19,390 vs \$5567/y without CLD) (all P {$<$} .0001). Patients with CLD also had more comorbidities and worse self-reported general and mental health status, and reported more health-related limitations in their daily activities than individuals without CLD (all P {$<$} .0001). They also indicated more psychologic distress and depressive symptoms and had a lower quality of~life and health utility scores (P {$<$} .0001). In multivariate analysis, after adjustment for sociodemographic factors and comorbidities, the presence of CLD was an important predictor of unemployment (odds ratio, 0.60; 95\% confidence interval, 0.50\textendash 0.70), annual health care expenditure ({$\beta$} = \$9503 {$\pm$} \$2028), and impairment in all aspects of health-related quality of life (all P {$<$} .0001). In patients with CLD, the presence of liver cancer had the most profound impact on health care expenditures ({$\beta~$}= \$17,278 {$\pm$} \$5726/y) and physical health ({$\beta~$}= -7.2 {$\pm$} 1.7 for SF-12 physical component) (all P {$<$} .005). Conclusions In a cross-sectional analysis of MEPS participants, we associated CLD with large economic and quality-of-life burdens.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Cirrhosis,Costs,HRQOL,NAFLD,Population},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/MG6YIPS6/Stepanova et al. - 2017 - Direct and Indirect Economic Burden of Chronic Liv.pdf}
+}
+
+@misc{stockeInterdependenceDeterminantsStrength2010,
+ type = {Arbeitspapier},
+ title = {The Interdependence of Determinants for the Strength and Direction of Social Disirability Bias in Racial Attitude Surveys},
+ author = {Stock{\'e}, Volker},
+ year = {2010},
+ month = feb,
+ abstract = {Empirical evidence suggests that the respondents' approval motive, their desirability beliefs and the privacy of the response situation affects respondents' susceptibility to social desirability bias. Previous research has analyzed the explanatory power of these factors separately and has not taken their possible interdependence as determinants for social desirability bias into account. This article tests the prediction from rational-choice theory that a strong approval motive, clear differences in the perceived desirability of response options and a lack of privacy are all necessary but not sufficient conditions for social desirability bias. According to the empirical results from our first study a three-way interaction between the analyzed factors predicts respondents' racial attitude reports. However, since attitude answers and desirability beliefs were collected in the same interview, the observed associations may be an artifact due to subjects' sensitization for social desirability concerns. This possibility is tested in a second study, where only racial attitude answers were collected under conditions of varying response privacy. Aggregated response differences between the utilized attitude items and respondents' social group affiliation were matched with equivalent differences in the desirability beliefs found in the first study. The results from the main study were replicated with this independent sample of respondents.},
+ howpublished = {http://ub-madoc.bib.uni-mannheim.de/2730},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/JR5ZF8EM/Stocké - 2010 - The interdependence of determinants for the streng.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/39BRMQIP/2730.html}
+}
+
+@article{stoeberSozialeErwunschtheitsSkala17SES17Entwicklung1999,
+ title = {Die {{Soziale-Erw\"unschtheits-Skala-17}} ({{SES-17}}): {{Entwicklung}} Und Erste {{Befunde}} Zu {{Reliabilit\"at}} Und {{Validit\"at}} [{{The Social Desirability Scale-17}} ({{SDS-17}}): {{Development}} and First Findings on Reliability and Validity]},
+ shorttitle = {Die {{Soziale-Erw\"unschtheits-Skala-17}} ({{SES-17}})},
+ author = {Stoeber, Joachim},
+ year = {1999},
+ journal = {Diagnostica},
+ volume = {45},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {173--177},
+ publisher = {{Hogrefe}},
+ issn = {0012-1924},
+ abstract = {The Social Desirability Scale by Crowne and Marlowe (1960), M-C SDS, continues to enjoy great popularity, as does the German version by L\"uck and Timaeus (1969). After 40 years, however, it is questionable whether the M-C SDS is still up-to-date. It may well be that one could find new items with a higher degree of social desirability. Four studies are described in which a new scale in the style of the Marlowe-Crowne scale, the Social Desirability Scale-17 (SDS-17), was developed and examined. The SDS-17, a 17-item scale, displayed satisfactory reliability and convergent validity: Internal consistency ranged from .72 to .75; test-retest stability across four weeks was .82; and the correlations with the M-C SDS ranged from .67 to .74. Overall, the SDS-17 is comparable to the M-C SDS. However, it is shorter (17 instead of 23 items) and demonstrates greater face-validity: A sample of 49 judges rated the items of both scales with respect to social desirability. The SDS-17 items received significantly and substantially higher ratings than the M-C SDS items.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/A4CWBV9T/Stoeber - 1999 - Die Soziale-Erwünschtheits-Skala-17 (SES-17) Entw.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/GMG6QJF9/19823.html}
+}
+
+@article{strahanShortHomogeneousVersions1972,
+ title = {Short, Homogeneous Versions of the {{Marlow-Crowne Social Desirability Scale}}},
+ author = {Strahan, Robert and Gerbasi, Kathleen Carrese},
+ year = {1972},
+ journal = {Journal of Clinical Psychology},
+ volume = {28},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {191--193},
+ issn = {1097-4679},
+ doi = {10.1002/1097-4679(197204)28:2<191::AID-JCLP2270280220>3.0.CO;2-G},
+ langid = {english},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/1097-4679\%28197204\%2928\%3A2\%3C191\%3A\%3AAID-JCLP2270280220\%3E3.0.CO\%3B2-G},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/S9QEPSVX/Strahan und Gerbasi - 1972 - Short, homogeneous versions of the Marlow-Crowne S.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/7FPC8HG4/1097-4679(197204)282191AID-JCLP22702802203.0.html}
+}
+
+@book{strassnerOffenenWundenLateinamerikas2007,
+ title = {{{$\lnot$}Die{$\lnot$} offenen Wunden Lateinamerikas / Vergangenheitspolitik im postautorit\"aren Argentinien, Uruguay und Chile}},
+ author = {Stra{\ss}ner, Veit;},
+ year = {2007},
+ series = {{Politik in Afrika, Asien und Lateinamerika}},
+ publisher = {{VS Verlag f\"ur Sozialwissenschaften}},
+ address = {{Wiesbaden}},
+ isbn = {978-3-531-15599-9},
+ langid = {german},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/DIQ5UGUD/0002953752.html}
+}
+
+@article{strebSocialDesirabilityEffects2008,
+ title = {Social {{Desirability Effects}} and {{Support}} for a {{Female American President}}},
+ author = {Streb, Matthew J. and Burrell, Barbara and Frederick, Brian and Genovese, Michael A.},
+ year = {2008},
+ month = jan,
+ journal = {Public Opinion Quarterly},
+ volume = {72},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {76--89},
+ publisher = {{Oxford Academic}},
+ issn = {0033-362X},
+ doi = {10.1093/poq/nfm035},
+ abstract = {Abstract. Public opinion polls show consistently that a substantial portion of the American public would vote for a qualified female presidential candidate. Be},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/PRIN49UB/Streb et al. - 2008 - Social Desirability Effects and Support for a Fema.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/NSXTFSN6/1816464.html}
+}
+
+@article{sungRadiomicsDeepLearning2021,
+ title = {Radiomics and Deep Learning in Liver Diseases},
+ author = {Sung, Yu Sub and Park, Bumwoo and Park, Hyo Jung and Lee, Seung Soo},
+ year = {2021},
+ journal = {Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology},
+ volume = {36},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {561--568},
+ issn = {1440-1746},
+ doi = {10.1111/jgh.15414},
+ abstract = {Recently, radiomics and deep learning have gained attention as methods for computerized image analysis. Radiomics and deep learning can perform diagnostic or predictive tasks using high-dimensional image-derived features and have the potential to expand the capabilities of liver imaging beyond the scope of traditional visual image analysis. Recent research has demonstrated the potential of these techniques in various fields of liver imaging, including staging of liver fibrosis, prognostication of malignant liver tumors, automated detection and characterization of liver tumors, automated abdominal organ segmentation, and body composition analysis. However, because most of the previous studies were preliminary and focused mainly on technical feasibility, further clinical validation is required for the application of radiomics and deep learning in clinical practice. In this review, we introduce the technical aspects of radiomics and deep learning and summarize the recent studies on the application of these techniques in liver radiology.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {deep learning,liver,machine learning,radiology,radiomics},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/jgh.15414},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/VI8P6EBN/Sung et al. - 2021 - Radiomics and deep learning in liver diseases.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/GDH9QY3S/jgh.html}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{swiebocka-wiekSkullStrippingMRI2016,
+ title = {Skull {{Stripping}} for {{MRI Images Using Morphological Operators}}},
+ booktitle = {Computer {{Information Systems}} and {{Industrial Management}}},
+ author = {{Swiebocka-Wiek}, Joanna},
+ editor = {Saeed, Khalid and Homenda, W{\l}adys{\l}aw},
+ year = {2016},
+ series = {Lecture {{Notes}} in {{Computer Science}}},
+ pages = {172--182},
+ publisher = {{Springer International Publishing}},
+ address = {{Cham}},
+ doi = {10.1007/978-3-319-45378-1_16},
+ abstract = {One of the most common MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) use is a brain visualisation. Brain anatomy is highly complicated therefore it might be difficult to extract only these structures which have diagnostic value. In a consequence it is so necessary to develop and apply most efficient brain's segmentation algorithms. One of the first steps in case of neurological MRI analysis is skull stripping. It involves removing extra-meningeal tissue from the head image, therefore it is essential to find the best method to determine the brain and skull boundaries. In T1-weighted images, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space and skull are dark, that is why the edges between the brain and the skull are well-marked but even strong edges might be unsettled because of finite resolution during MRI acquisition or the presence of other anatomical partial structures within the brain (connections between the brain and optic nerves or brainstem). There are many ways to perform this operation, none of them is not so great as to constitute a standard proceedings. In many cases, there are limitations associated with the development environment, license and images input that hinder skull stripping without specialised software. Proposed method is free of these constraints. It is based on application of morphological operations and image filtration to enhance the result of the edge detection and to provide better tissues separation. The efficiency was compared with other methods, common in commercial use, and the results of this comparison was presented in this paper.},
+ isbn = {978-3-319-45378-1},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Brain extraction,Image segmentation,Morphological operators,MRI,Skull stripping},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/IYCB5LIK/Swiebocka-Wiek - 2016 - Skull Stripping for MRI Images Using Morphological.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{taageperaEffectiveMagnitudeEffective1998,
+ title = {Effective Magnitude and Effective Threshold},
+ author = {Taagepera, R.},
+ year = {1998},
+ journal = {Electoral Studies},
+ volume = {17},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {393--404},
+ issn = {0261-3794},
+ doi = {10.1016/S0261-3794(97)00053-X},
+ abstract = {Effective magnitude (M') and effective threshold (T') are important because they try to express quantitatively a major aspect of electoral systems, namely the degree of squeeze they put on representation of small parties. Three relationships have previously been proposed between M' and T'. Of these, T'=75\%(M'+1) is found here to have the most desirable characteristics. However, regardless of the precise equation used, a disturbing discrepancy is observed in the case of single-member districts: the effective threshold predicted is much too high, if applied nationwide. This points out a more general need to keep district-level and nationwide indicators carefully separate. An appendix proposes a new formula to find effective magnitude when district magnitudes within a country vary.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/9WFV9C59/Taagepera - 1998 - Effective magnitude and effective threshold.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/DQBKMZAE/0jc296kf.html}
+}
+
+@article{taageperaPredictingNumberParties1993,
+ title = {Predicting the {{Number}} of {{Parties}}: {{A Quantitative Model}} of {{Duverger}}'s {{Mechanical Effect}}},
+ shorttitle = {Predicting the {{Number}} of {{Parties}}},
+ author = {Taagepera, Rein and Shugart, Matthew Soberg},
+ year = {1993},
+ month = jun,
+ journal = {American Political Science Review},
+ volume = {87},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {455--464},
+ publisher = {{Cambridge University Press}},
+ issn = {1537-5943, 0003-0554},
+ doi = {10.2307/2939053},
+ abstract = {The mechanical effect of electoral systems, identified by Maurice Duverger, can be estimated by means of a quantitative model. The model predicts the range within which the effective number of parties in a district should fall for a given magnitude (number of seats) of the district. At the national level, a related model predicts the effective number of parties based on the effective magnitude and the number of seats in the national assembly. The institutional variables considered\textemdash magnitude and assembly size\textemdash define a great portion of the structural constraints within which a given country's politics must take place. The model developed provides a good fit to data in spite of its having been developed from outrageously simple starting assumptions.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/EWQGWW78/Taagepera und Shugart - 1993 - Predicting the Number of Parties A Quantitative M.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/6FYIT75I/82D00C46D5ABBBE5B14528C740900AFE.html}
+}
+
+@article{thamesDifferentiatingMixedMemberElectoral2006,
+ title = {Differentiating {{Mixed-Member Electoral Systems}}: {{Mixed-Member Majoritarian}} and {{Mixed-Member Proportional Systems}} and {{Government Expenditures}}},
+ shorttitle = {Differentiating {{Mixed-Member Electoral Systems}}},
+ author = {Thames, Frank C. and Edwards, Martin S.},
+ year = {2006},
+ month = sep,
+ journal = {Comparative Political Studies},
+ volume = {39},
+ number = {7},
+ pages = {905--927},
+ issn = {0010-4140, 1552-3829},
+ doi = {10.1177/0010414005282383},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/A5UD4PSK/Thames und Edwards - 2006 - Differentiating Mixed-Member Electoral Systems Mi.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{timmermannRacionalidadesGuerraPaz2008,
+ title = {Racionalidades {{De La Guerra Y La Paz}}. {{Argentina-Chile}}, 1977-1984},
+ author = {Timmermann, Freddy},
+ year = {2008},
+ month = sep,
+ journal = {RATIONALITIES OF WAR AND PEACE. Argentina-Chile, 1977-1984.},
+ volume = {29},
+ pages = {119--155},
+ issn = {07161832},
+ abstract = {The present work analyzes the contextual elements that determined the diverse rationalities of the civil and military elites involved in the conflict of the Beagle. At the same time, the form in which these authoritarian regimes operated when they militarily occupied their respective countries; that is to say, when it sustained their political systems and their capacities of conflict negotiation, constituting the violence in the device of basic power, though nonexclusive. Also, it analyzes the fundamental role the Catholic Church exerted when the manipulation of this virtual war was journeyed or was constituted in war. (English)},
+ keywords = {Argentina,Authoritarianism,Catholic Church,Chile,Civic-military Elites,Doctrina de Seguridad Nacional,Doctrine of National Security,elites civico-militares,estado feudal-militar,Feudal-military State,Feudalism,International relations,mediación,Mediation,Militarism,militarismo,National security,war},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/PHIUDUHQ/Timmermann - 2008 - Racionalidades De La Guerra Y La Paz. Argentina-Ch.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{torstenperssonElectoralRulesGovernment2007,
+ title = {Electoral {{Rules}} and {{Government Spending}} in {{Parliamentary Democracies}}},
+ author = {{Torsten Persson}},
+ year = {2007},
+ month = may,
+ journal = {Quarterly Journal of Political Science},
+ volume = {2},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {155--188},
+ issn = {15540634},
+ doi = {10.1561/100.00006019},
+ abstract = {We present a theoretical model of a parliamentary democracy where electoral competition inside coalition governments induces higher spending than under single party governments. Policy preferences of parties are endogenous and derived from opportunistic re-election motives. The electoral rule affects government spending, but only indirectly: proportional elections induce a more fragmented party system and a larger incidence of coalition governments than do majoritarian elections. Empirical evidence from post-war parliamentary democracies strongly supports these predictions.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/MHC83G7G/Persson - 2007 - Electoral Rules and Government Spending in Parliam.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{trinkunasCraftingCivilianControl2000,
+ title = {Crafting Civilian Control in Emerging Democracies: {{Argentina}} and {{Venezuela}}},
+ shorttitle = {Crafting Civilian Control in Emerging Democracies},
+ author = {Trinkunas, H. A.},
+ year = {FAL 2000},
+ journal = {Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs},
+ volume = {42},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {77-+},
+ issn = {0022-1937},
+ abstract = {Democratic transitions create an opportunity for elected officials to maximize their leverage over the armed forces and create institutions that permanently shift power away from the military. This article develops a theoretical argument about how civilian control is established. Venezuela institutionalized weak civilian control in the wake of its 1958 democratic transition, allowing the regime to survive the 1992 coup attempts. Argentina moved close to strong civilian control by 1995, although such control is exercised through questionable institutional channels.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {america},
+ annotation = {WOS:000165354300004}
+}
+
+@article{tuomalaInherentInequalityExtent2005,
+ title = {Inherent Inequality and the Extent of Redistribution in {{OECD}} Countries},
+ author = {Tuomala, Matti and Tanninen, Hannu},
+ year = {2005},
+ journal = {CESifo DICE Report},
+ volume = {3},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {48--53},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/DJ6PRBVD/ifo-dice-report-v03-y2005-i1-p48-53.pdf}
+}
+
+@book{tuomalaOptimalRedistributiveTaxation2016,
+ title = {Optimal {{Redistributive Taxation}}},
+ author = {Tuomala, Matti},
+ year = {2016},
+ month = jan,
+ publisher = {{Oxford University Press}},
+ abstract = {Tax systems raise large amounts of revenue for funding public sector's activities, and tax/transfer policy, together with public provision of education, health care, and social services, play a crucial role in treating the symptoms and the causes of poverty. The normative analysis is crucial for tax/transfer design because it makes it possible to assess separately how changes in the redistributive criterion of the government, and changes in the size of the behavioural responses to taxes and transfers, affect the optimal tax/transfer system. Optimal tax theory provides a way of thinking rigorously about these trade-offs. Written primarily for graduate students and researchers, this volume is intended as a textbook and research monograph, connecting optimal tax theory to tax policy. It comments on some policy recommendations of the Mirrlees Review, and builds on the authors work on public economics, optimal tax theory, behavioural public economics, and income inequality. The book explains in depth the Mirrlees model and presents various extensions of it. The first set of extensions considers changing the preferences for consumption and work: behavioural-economic modifications (such as positional externalities, prospect theory, paternalism, myopic behaviour and habit formation) but also heterogeneous work preferences (besides differences in earnings ability). The second set of modifications concerns the objective of the government. The book explains the differences in optimal redistributive tax systems when governments - instead of maximising social welfare - minimise poverty or maximise social welfare based on rank order or charitable conservatism social welfare functions. The third set of extensions considers extending the Mirrlees income tax framework to allow for differential commodity taxes, capital income taxation, public goods provision, public provision of private goods, and taxation commodities that generate externalities. The fourth set of extensions considers incorporating a number of important real-word extensions such as tagging of tax schedules to certain groups of tax payers. In all extensions, the book illustrates the main mechanisms using advanced numerical simulations.},
+ googlebooks = {5N9OCwAAQBAJ},
+ isbn = {978-0-19-106773-0},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Business \& Economics / Consumer Behavior,Business \& Economics / Public Finance,Business \& Economics / Taxation / General}
+}
+
+@article{uzielRethinkingSocialDesirability2010,
+ title = {Rethinking {{Social Desirability Scales}}: {{From Impression Management}} to {{Interpersonally Oriented Self-Control}}},
+ shorttitle = {Rethinking {{Social Desirability Scales}}},
+ author = {Uziel, Liad},
+ year = {2010},
+ month = may,
+ journal = {Perspectives on Psychological Science},
+ volume = {5},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {243--262},
+ publisher = {{SAGE Publications Inc}},
+ issn = {1745-6916},
+ doi = {10.1177/1745691610369465},
+ abstract = {Social desirability (specifically, impression management) scales are widely used by researchers and practitioners to screen individuals who bias self-reports in a self-favoring manner. These scales also serve to identify individuals at risk for psychological and health problems. The present review explores the evidence with regard to the ability of these scales to achieve these objectives. In the first part of the review, I present six criteria to evaluate impression management scales and conclude that they are unsatisfactory as measures of response style. Next, I explore what individual differences in impression management scores actually do measure. I compare two approaches: a defensiveness approach, which argues that these scales measure defensiveness that stems from vulnerable self-esteem, and an adjustment approach, which suggests that impression management is associated with personal well-being and interpersonal adjustment. Data from a wide variety of fields including social behavior, affect and well-being, health, and job performance tend to favor the adjustment approach. Finally, I argue that scales measuring impression management should be redefined as measures of interpersonally oriented self-control that identify individuals who demonstrate high levels of self-control, especially in social contexts.},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/MRJXB4QA/Uziel - 2010 - Rethinking Social Desirability Scales From Impres.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{vanaertBeagleConflict2016,
+ title = {The {{Beagle}} Conflict},
+ author = {{van Aert}, Peter},
+ year = {2016},
+ month = may,
+ journal = {Island Studies Journal},
+ volume = {11},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {307--314},
+ issn = {1715-2593},
+ abstract = {In 1984, Argentina and Chile signed the so-called Treaty of Peace and Friendship, which ended a decades-long dispute over the sovereignty of the southernmost islands and waters of Latin-America. This agreement, which resulted through papal mediation, achieved what earlier intents did not: a definite stop to military and diplomatic threats and a clear definition of the course of the border that divides both national territories. This essay reconstructs the genesis of the Treaty and explores its impacts today. Finally, it explores why the 1984 Treaty still determines border politics in the southern region of both nations in spite of a changed political scenario.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {arbitration,Argentina,Beagle Channel,Chile,dispute,islands,war},
+ annotation = {WOS:000376948300018}
+}
+
+@article{vangriethuysenComputationalRadiomicsSystem2017,
+ title = {Computational {{Radiomics System}} to {{Decode}} the {{Radiographic Phenotype}}},
+ author = {{van Griethuysen}, Joost J.M. and Fedorov, Andriy and Parmar, Chintan and Hosny, Ahmed and Aucoin, Nicole and Narayan, Vivek and {Beets-Tan}, Regina G.H. and {Fillion-Robin}, Jean-Christophe and Pieper, Steve and Aerts, Hugo J.W.L.},
+ year = {2017},
+ month = oct,
+ journal = {Cancer Research},
+ volume = {77},
+ number = {21},
+ pages = {e104-e107},
+ issn = {0008-5472},
+ doi = {10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-17-0339},
+ abstract = {Radiomics aims to quantify phenotypic characteristics on medical imaging through the use of automated algorithms. Radiomic artificial intelligence (AI) technology, either based on engineered hard-coded algorithms or deep learning methods, can be used to develop noninvasive imaging-based biomarkers. However, lack of standardized algorithm definitions and image processing severely hampers reproducibility and comparability of results. To address this issue, we developed PyRadiomics, a flexible open-source platform capable of extracting a large panel of engineered features from medical images. PyRadiomics is implemented in Python and can be used standalone or using 3D Slicer. Here, we discuss the workflow and architecture of PyRadiomics and demonstrate its application in characterizing lung lesions. Source code, documentation, and examples are publicly available at www.radiomics.io. With this platform, we aim to establish a reference standard for radiomic analyses, provide a tested and maintained resource, and to grow the community of radiomic developers addressing critical needs in cancer research. Cancer Res; 77(21); e104\textendash 7. \textcopyright 2017 AACR.},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/Y2A37RV4/van Griethuysen et al. - 2017 - Computational Radiomics System to Decode the Radio.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/EDQASL4M/Computational-Radiomics-System-to-Decode-the.html}
+}
+
+@article{vanniniEthnographicFilmVideo2015,
+ title = {Ethnographic {{Film}} and {{Video}} on {{Hybrid Television}}: {{Learning}} from the {{Content}}, {{Style}}, and {{Distribution}} of {{Popular Ethnographic Documentaries}}},
+ shorttitle = {Ethnographic {{Film}} and {{Video}} on {{Hybrid Television}}},
+ author = {Vannini, Phillip},
+ year = {2015},
+ month = aug,
+ journal = {Journal of Contemporary Ethnography},
+ volume = {44},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {391--416},
+ publisher = {{SAGE Publications Inc}},
+ issn = {0891-2416},
+ doi = {10.1177/0891241614538665},
+ abstract = {Academic ethnographers have been utilizing film, and more recently video, for a variety of research purposes including the collection, analysis, and dissemination of data. But ethnographic film and video are not the exclusive domain of university-based ethnographers or professionally trained ethnographic researchers. More and more ethnographic films and video documentaries are nowadays produced by filmmakers who aren?t necessarily interested in utilizing their work to advance anthropological, sociological, or other disciplines? theoretical or substantive agendas. Interestingly, these documentaries often garner wider distribution and larger audiences than ethnographic films and videos made by academics, leading us to question the identity of ethnographic documentary and the potential of this genre to both advance ethnological knowledge and the sociocultural imagination. In this article, I examine this phenomenon focusing on nonacademic wide-distribution ethnographic documentaries available on cable and satellite TV, Netflix, and iTunes, reflecting on their content, style, distribution strategies, and their status as social scientific ethnographic representations.},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/H2W3HW7I/Vannini - 2015 - Ethnographic Film and Video on Hybrid Television .pdf}
+}
+
+@book{vanniniRoutledgeInternationalHandbook2020,
+ title = {The {{Routledge International Handbook}} of {{Ethnographic Film}} and {{Video}}},
+ author = {Vannini, Phillip},
+ year = {2020},
+ month = apr,
+ publisher = {{Routledge}},
+ abstract = {The Routledge International Handbook of Ethnographic Film and Video is a state-of-the-art book which encompasses the breadth and depth of the field of ethnographic film and video-based research. With more and more researchers turning to film and video as a key element of their projects, and as research video production becomes more practical due to technological advances as well as the growing acceptance of video in everyday life, this critical book supports young researchers looking to develop the skills necessary to produce meaningful ethnographic films and videos, and serves as a comprehensive resource for social scientists looking to better understand and appreciate the unique ways in which film and video can serve as ways of knowing and as tools of knowledge mobilization. Comprised of 31 chapters authored by some of the world's leading experts in their respective fields, the book's contributors synthesize existing literature, introduce the historical and conceptual dimensions of the field, illustrate innovative methodologies and techniques, survey traditional and new technologies, reflect on ethics and moral imperatives, outline ways to work with people, objects, and tools, and shape the future agenda of the field. With a particular focus on making ethnographic film and video, as opposed to analyzing or critiquing it, from a variety of methodological approaches and styles, the Handbook provides both a comprehensive introduction and up-to-date survey of the field for a vast variety of audiovisual researchers, such as scholars and students in sociology, anthropology, geography, communication and media studies, education, cultural studies, film studies, visual arts, and related social science and humanities. As such, it will appeal to a multidisciplinary and international audience, and features a dynamic, forward-thinking, innovative, and contemporary focus oriented toward the very latest developments in the field, as well as future possibilities.},
+ googlebooks = {vMrZDwAAQBAJ},
+ isbn = {978-0-429-58936-2},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Social Science / General}
+}
+
+@article{vanslyke-briggsConsiderEthnofiction2009,
+ title = {Consider Ethnofiction},
+ author = {{VanSlyke-Briggs}, Kjersti},
+ year = {2009},
+ month = sep,
+ journal = {Ethnography and Education},
+ volume = {4},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {335--345},
+ publisher = {{Routledge}},
+ issn = {1745-7823},
+ doi = {10.1080/17457820903170143},
+ abstract = {This article examines ethnofiction as a valid stylistic writing choice for presenting ethnographic research findings. The article presents both the challenges and benefits of the ethnofictive form.},
+ keywords = {creative ethnography,ethnofiction,ethnographic fiction},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://doi.org/10.1080/17457820903170143},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/LP3J8QN7/VanSlyke-Briggs - 2009 - Consider ethnofiction.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/UWQML2QD/17457820903170143.html}
+}
+
+@article{vantimmerenRadiomicsMedicalImaging2020,
+ title = {Radiomics in Medical Imaging\textemdash ``How-to'' Guide and Critical Reflection},
+ author = {{van Timmeren}, Janita E. and Cester, Davide and {Tanadini-Lang}, Stephanie and Alkadhi, Hatem and Baessler, Bettina},
+ year = {2020},
+ month = aug,
+ journal = {Insights into Imaging},
+ volume = {11},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {91},
+ issn = {1869-4101},
+ doi = {10.1186/s13244-020-00887-2},
+ abstract = {Radiomics is a quantitative approach to medical imaging, which aims at enhancing the existing data available to clinicians by means of advanced mathematical analysis. Through mathematical extraction of the spatial distribution of signal intensities and pixel interrelationships, radiomics quantifies textural information by using analysis methods from the field of artificial intelligence. Various studies from different fields in imaging have been published so far, highlighting the potential of radiomics to enhance clinical decision-making. However, the field faces several important challenges, which are mainly caused by the various technical factors influencing the extracted radiomic features.},
+ keywords = {Machine learning,Quantitative imaging biomarkers,Radiomics,Robustness,Standardization},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/9543SHFD/van Timmeren et al. - 2020 - Radiomics in medical imaging—“how-to” guide and cr.pdf}
+}
+
+@misc{VetoPlayersHow,
+ title = {Veto {{Players}}: {{How Political Institutions Work}} - {{Anatol Rapoport Collegiate Professor}} of {{Political Science George Tsebelis}}, {{George Tsebelis}} - {{Google Books}}},
+ howpublished = {https://books.google.de/books?hl=en\&lr=\&id=UoX3WH8AsnoC\&oi=fnd\&pg=PR9\&dq=tsebelis+2002\&ots=i7t7NlkH3h\&sig=3bTYAYuiKJwzrnvWJfTZzaMIibQ\&redir\_esc=y\#v=onepage\&q=tsebelis\%202002\&f=false},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/6UF7WGMX/books.html}
+}
+
+@article{villaArendtHeideggerTradition2007,
+ title = {Arendt, {{Heidegger}}, and the {{Tradition}}},
+ author = {Villa, Dana},
+ year = 2007,
+ journal = {Social Research},
+ volume = {74},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {983--1002},
+ issn = {0037783X},
+ abstract = {In this essay the author examines the influence the writings of philosopher Martin Heidegger had on political philosopher Hannah Arendt. The author notes that despite Arendt's debt to Heidegger her concept of human plurality, that is, recognizing that there is more than one ultimate principle, is at variance with his. The author examines Arendt's contention that political activity should abjure violence, coercion and hierarchy, and questions if the public freedom that results can find a place in a modern culture that is becoming more religious and introverted.},
+ keywords = {ARENDT; Hannah; 1906-1975,ESSAY (Literary form),HEIDEGGER; Martin; 1889-1976,POLITICAL philosophy,Political violence},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/2MZE4VDF/Villa - 2007 - Arendt, Heidegger, and the Tradition.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{violaTRANSITIONSDEMOCRACYBrazil1985,
+ title = {{{TRANSITIONS TO DEMOCRACY}}: {{Brazil}} and {{Argentina}} in the 1980s},
+ shorttitle = {{{TRANSITIONS TO DEMOCRACY}}},
+ author = {Viola, Eduardo and Mainwaring, Scott},
+ year = 1985,
+ journal = {Journal of International Affairs},
+ volume = {38},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {193},
+ issn = {0022197X},
+ abstract = {Compares the political transitions to democracy between Brazil and Argentina. Types of nonrevolutionary transitions to democracy; Differences between the transitions; Dimensions in the comparison of the political transitions.},
+ keywords = {Argentina -- Politics \& government,Brazil -- Politics \& government,Democracy},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/USSW9MGB/Viola und Mainwaring - 1985 - TRANSITIONS TO DEMOCRACY Brazil and Argentina in .pdf}
+}
+
+@article{wagnerRelationFormalEducation1995,
+ title = {The Relation of Formal Education to Ethnic Prejudice: {{Its}} Reliability, Validity and Explanation},
+ shorttitle = {The Relation of Formal Education to Ethnic Prejudice},
+ author = {Wagner, Ulrich and Zick, Andreas},
+ year = {1995},
+ journal = {European Journal of Social Psychology},
+ volume = {25},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {41--56},
+ issn = {1099-0992},
+ doi = {10.1002/ejsp.2420250105},
+ abstract = {This paper examines three issues concerning the frequently documented negative correlation between formal education and ethnic prejudice, namely its reliability, its validity and the manner in which it is mediated. Reliability is demonstrated across three indices of ethnic attitudes in seven representative samples drawn from four European countries (West Germany, Netherlands, France, Great Britain; total N=3788). The hypothesis that this correlation reflects only the tendency of more highly educated respondents to give more socially desirable answers and not true attitude differences was inconsistent with the finding from the survey data that educational level also correlated negatively with responses to an index of subtle prejudice. Results from an experiment employing the bogus pipeline procedure similarly refute this hypothesis, indicating that significant education-related differences in expressed prejudice remain under conditions in which the tendency to give socially desirable responses is reduced. Finally, path analysis based on the survey data show that part but not all of the association between low education and ethnic prejudice is mediated by social psychological variables, particularly group relative deprivation, perceived belief incongruency, political conservatism, and acceptance of inter-ethnic contact.},
+ langid = {english},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/ejsp.2420250105},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/TJAC4KQE/Wagner und Zick - 1995 - The relation of formal education to ethnic prejudi.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/PT24Q8HW/ejsp.html}
+}
+
+@article{wakabayashiRadiomicsHepatocellularCarcinoma2019,
+ title = {Radiomics in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Quantitative Review},
+ shorttitle = {Radiomics in Hepatocellular Carcinoma},
+ author = {Wakabayashi, Taiga and Ouhmich, Farid and {Gonzalez-Cabrera}, Cristians and Felli, Emanuele and Saviano, Antonio and Agnus, Vincent and Savadjiev, Peter and Baumert, Thomas F. and Pessaux, Patrick and Marescaux, Jacques and Gallix, Benoit},
+ year = {2019},
+ month = sep,
+ journal = {Hepatology International},
+ volume = {13},
+ number = {5},
+ pages = {546--559},
+ issn = {1936-0541},
+ doi = {10.1007/s12072-019-09973-0},
+ abstract = {Radiomics is an emerging field which extracts quantitative radiology data from medical images and explores their correlation with clinical outcomes in a non-invasive manner. This review aims to assess whether radiomics is a useful and reproducible method for clinical management of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by reviewing the strengths and weaknesses of current radiomics literature pertaining specifically to HCC. From an initial set of 48 articles recovered through database searches, 23 articles were retained to be included in this review after full screening. Among these 23 studies, 7 used a radiomics approach in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Only two studies applied radiomics to positron emission tomography\textendash computed tomography (PET\textendash CT). In the remaining 14 articles, a radiomics analysis was performed on computed tomography (CT). Eight studies dealt with the relationship between biological signatures and imaging findings, and can be classified as radiogenomic studies. For each study included in our review, we computed a Radiomics Quality Score (RQS) as proposed by Lambin et al. We found that the RQS (mean~{$\pm~$}standard deviation) was 8.35 {$\pm$} 5.38 (out of a possible maximum value of 36). Although these scores are fairly low, and radiomics has not yet reached clinical utility in HCC, it is important to underscore the fact that these early studies pave the way for the radiomics field with a focus on HCC. Radiomics is still a very young field, and is far from being mature, but it remains a very promising technology for the future for developing adequate personalized treatment as a non-invasive approach, for complementing or replacing tumor biopsies, as well as for developing novel prognostic biomarkers in HCC patients.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Hepatocellular carcinoma,Radiogenomics,Radiomics,Tumor heterogeneity},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/56TKM5K5/Wakabayashi et al. - 2019 - Radiomics in hepatocellular carcinoma a quantitat.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{walterGlobalizationWelfareState2010,
+ title = {Globalization and the {{Welfare State}}: {{Testing}} the {{Microfoundations}} of the {{Compensation Hypothesis}}},
+ shorttitle = {Globalization and the {{Welfare State}}},
+ author = {Walter, Stefanie},
+ year = {2010},
+ journal = {International Studies Quarterly},
+ volume = {54},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {403--426},
+ issn = {0020-8833},
+ abstract = {[The debate on how globalization affects the welfare state has so far largely neglected to examine the microlevel causal mechanism underlying different macrolevel claims. Based on survey data from Switzerland, this article provides empirical microfoundations for the so-called compensation hypothesis. It finds that globalization losers are more likely to express feelings of economic insecurity. Such feelings, in turn, increase preferences for welfare state expansion, which in turn increase the likelihood of voting for the Social Democratic Party. The analysis also shows that globalization losers and winners differ significantly with regard to their social policy preferences and their propensity to vote for left parties. The article is innovative on two counts: First, it uses a number of different and more nuanced indicators measuring individuals' positions as beneficiaries or losers of increasing global competition. Second, rather than focusing on one particular part of the causal chain, it tests the entire individual-level causal mechanism implied by the compensation hypothesis.]}
+}
+
+@article{weiRadiomicsLiverDiseases2020,
+ title = {Radiomics in Liver Diseases: {{Current}} Progress and Future Opportunities},
+ shorttitle = {Radiomics in Liver Diseases},
+ author = {Wei, Jingwei and Jiang, Hanyu and Gu, Dongsheng and Niu, Meng and Fu, Fangfang and Han, Yuqi and Song, Bin and Tian, Jie},
+ year = {2020},
+ journal = {Liver International},
+ volume = {40},
+ number = {9},
+ pages = {2050--2063},
+ issn = {1478-3231},
+ doi = {10.1111/liv.14555},
+ abstract = {Liver diseases, a wide spectrum of pathologies from inflammation to neoplasm, have become an increasingly significant health problem worldwide. Noninvasive imaging plays a critical role in the clinical workflow of liver diseases, but conventional imaging assessment may provide limited information. Accurate detection, characterization and monitoring remain challenging. With progress in quantitative imaging analysis techniques, radiomics emerged as an efficient tool that shows promise to aid in personalized diagnosis and treatment decision-making. Radiomics could reflect the heterogeneity of liver lesions via extracting high-throughput and high-dimensional features from multi-modality imaging. Machine learning algorithms are then used to construct clinical target-oriented imaging biomarkers to assist disease management. Here, we review the methodological process in liver disease radiomics studies in a stepwise fashion from data acquisition and curation, region of interest segmentation, liver-specific feature extraction, to task-oriented modelling. Furthermore, the applications of radiomics in liver diseases are outlined in aspects of diagnosis and staging, evaluation of liver tumour biological behaviours, and prognosis according to different disease type. Finally, we discuss the current limitations of radiomics in liver disease studies and explore its future opportunities.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {data science,liver diseases,machine learning,precision medicine,radiologic technology},
+ annotation = {\_eprint: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/liv.14555},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/XDS8DPKG/Wei et al. - 2020 - Radiomics in liver diseases Current progress and .pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/82NX3AEC/liv.html}
+}
+
+@book{werzArgentinien2012,
+ title = {{Argentinien /}},
+ author = {Werz, Nikolaus;},
+ year = {2012},
+ series = {{Analyse politischer Systeme ; 3}},
+ volume = {3},
+ publisher = {{Wochenschau-Verl.}},
+ address = {{Schwalbach/Ts.}},
+ isbn = {978-3-89974-813-0},
+ langid = {german},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/49NVRMXD/0012388880.html}
+}
+
+@book{williamsWire2014,
+ title = {On {{The Wire}}},
+ author = {Williams, Linda},
+ year = {2014},
+ month = aug,
+ publisher = {{Duke University Press}},
+ abstract = {Many television critics, legions of fans, even the president of the United States, have cited The Wire as the best television series ever. In this sophisticated examination of the HBO serial drama that aired from 2002 until 2008, Linda Williams, a leading film scholar and authority on the interplay between film, melodrama, and issues of race, suggests what exactly it is that makes The Wire so good. She argues that while the series is a powerful exploration of urban dysfunction and institutional failure, its narrative power derives from its genre. The Wire is popular melodrama, not Greek tragedy, as critics and the series creator David Simon have claimed. Entertaining, addictive, funny, and despairing all at once, it is a serial melodrama grounded in observation of Baltimore's people and institutions: of cops and criminals, schools and blue-collar labor, local government and local journalism. The Wire transforms close observation into an unparalleled melodrama by juxtaposing the good and evil of individuals with the good and evil of institutions.},
+ isbn = {978-0-8223-7644-6},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Performing Arts / Television / History \& Criticism,Social Science / Popular Culture}
+}
+
+@article{wilsonRoleTheoryEthnographic2009,
+ title = {The Role of Theory in Ethnographic Research},
+ author = {Wilson, William Julius and Chaddha, Anmol},
+ year = {2009},
+ month = dec,
+ journal = {Ethnography},
+ volume = {10},
+ number = {4},
+ pages = {549--564},
+ publisher = {{SAGE Publications}},
+ issn = {1466-1381},
+ doi = {10.1177/1466138109347009},
+ abstract = {\ding{110} Scholars, including urban poverty researchers, have not seriously debated the important issues that Lo\"ic Wacquant raised in his controversial review of books by Elijah Anderson, Mitchell Duneier, and Katherine Newman concerning the disconnect between theory and ethnographic research. Despite the tone of Wacquant?s review, we feel that he made a contribution in raising important issues about the role of theory in ethnography. The responses to his review that address this issue, especially those by Anderson and Duneier, are also important because they help to broaden our understanding of how theory is used in ethnographic research. What we take from this exchange is that good ethnography is theory driven, and is likely to be much more reflective of inductive theoretical insights than those that are purely deductive. Moreover, we show that in some ethnographic studies the theoretical insights are neither strictly deductive nor inductive, but represent a combination of both.},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/EE7HVWQY/Wilson und Chaddha - 2009 - The role of theory in ethnographic research.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{wimmerExplainingXenophobiaRacism1997,
+ title = {Explaining Xenophobia and Racism: {{A}} Critical Review of Current Research Approaches},
+ shorttitle = {Explaining Xenophobia and Racism},
+ author = {Wimmer, Andreas},
+ year = {1997},
+ month = jan,
+ journal = {Ethnic and Racial Studies},
+ volume = {20},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {17--41},
+ issn = {0141-9870, 1466-4356},
+ doi = {10.1080/01419870.1997.9993946},
+ abstract = {Four explanations of xenophobia and racism will be reviewed by confronting them with the results of empirical studies. I try to show that xenophobic and racist views of the social world are not instrumental to a fight for scarce jobs or housing. Neither is it appropriate to interpret them as a result of a culture clash that is caused by migratory movements across countries and continents. They are not mere radicalizations of the discourse of exclusion and devaluation which political and administrative elites generate and institutionalize, for example, in immigration policies. Starting from the insights of this critical review, I shall develop the hypothesis that xenophobia and racism should be seen as appeals tothe pact of solidarity into which state and society have entered in modern nation-states and which in times of intensified social conflicts seems fragile in the eyes of downwardly mobile groups. The xenophobic discourse serves not only to reassure identity when nationalistic self-images run into crisis but is an element of a political struggle about whohas the right tobe cared for by the state and society: a fight for the collective goods of the modern state.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/VBZCCC9N/Wimmer - 1997 - Explaining xenophobia and racism A critical revie.pdf}
+}
+
+@techreport{winklerEntwicklungDeutschenKurzskala2006,
+ type = {{Working Paper}},
+ title = {{Entwicklung einer deutschen Kurzskala zur zweidimensionalen Messung von sozialer Erw\"unschtheit}},
+ author = {Winkler, Niels and Kroh, Martin and Spiess, Martin},
+ year = {2006},
+ number = {579},
+ institution = {{DIW Discussion Papers}},
+ abstract = {Soziale Erw\"unschtheit kann als Tendenz verstanden werden, scheinbar gesellschaftlich akzeptierte Antworten bei einer Befragung zu geben. Basierend auf den Analysen von Paulhus (1984) wird zwischen zwei Dimensionen unterschieden, der Selbst- und Fremdt\"auschung. In Deutschland gibt es in der sozialwissenschaftlichen Forschung derzeit kein g\"angiges Befragungsinstrument, das die Mehrdimensionalit\"at von sozialer Erw\"unschtheit abdeckt. Im Folgenden wird auf Grundlage einer Itembatterie aus dem SOEP-Pretest 2005 ?Pers\"onlichkeit und Politik? eine deutsche Kurzskala zur Messung sozialer Erw\"unschtheit entwickelt. Die sechs Items umfassende Skala baut auf dem, aus 40 Items bestehendem, Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding (BIDR) von Paulhus (1991) auf. Die deutsche Kurzskala erweist sich als reliabel. Die Pr\"ufung der internen und externen Validit\"at liefert deutliche Hinweise f\"ur die empirische G\"ultigkeit der Skala und somit die erfolgreiche \"Ubertragung des Konzeptes auf den deutschsprachigen Raum.},
+ copyright = {http://www.econstor.eu/dspace/Nutzungsbedingungen},
+ langid = {german},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/RX4TZNRL/Winkler et al. - 2006 - Entwicklung einer deutschen Kurzskala zur zweidime.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/4HMSQ3Q6/18472.html}
+}
+
+@misc{WireSociology2018,
+ title = {{The Wire as sociology}},
+ year = {2018},
+ month = mar,
+ journal = {Researching Sociology @ LSE},
+ abstract = {In this post,~Tom Brookes~considers~`The Wire'~as a sociological cultural object in its production, form and content, and consumption. Ten years ago this month, HBO broadcast the final \ldots},
+ langid = {"en-US"},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/U66QSWI7/the-wire-as-sociology.html}
+}
+
+@article{wooldridgeEconometricAnalysisCross2010,
+ title = {Econometric {{Analysis}} of {{Cross Section}} and {{Panel Data}}},
+ author = {Wooldridge, J.},
+ year = {2010},
+ journal = {Econometric analysis of cross section and panel data},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/NSSF5SZE/wooldridge_cross_section_and_panel_data.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{worboysTraumaticJourneyDictatorship2007,
+ title = {The {{Traumatic Journey}} from {{Dictatorship}} to {{Democracy}}: {{Peacekeeping Operations}} and {{Civil-Military Relations}} in {{Argentina}}, 1989-1999},
+ shorttitle = {The {{Traumatic Journey}} from {{Dictatorship}} to {{Democracy}}},
+ author = {Worboys, K. J.},
+ year = {2007},
+ month = jan,
+ journal = {Armed Forces \& Society},
+ volume = {33},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {149--168},
+ issn = {0095-327X},
+ doi = {10.1177/0095327X05283843},
+ langid = {english}
+}
+
+@inproceedings{wuBrainTumorDetection2007,
+ title = {Brain {{Tumor Detection Using Color-Based K-Means Clustering Segmentation}}},
+ booktitle = {Third {{International Conference}} on {{Intelligent Information Hiding}} and {{Multimedia Signal Processing}} ({{IIH-MSP}} 2007)},
+ author = {Wu, Ming-Ni and Lin, Chia-Chen and Chang, Chin-Chen},
+ year = {2007},
+ month = nov,
+ volume = {2},
+ pages = {245--250},
+ doi = {10.1109/IIHMSP.2007.4457697},
+ abstract = {In this paper, we propose a color-based segmentation method that uses the K-means clustering technique to track tumor objects in magnetic resonance (MR) brain images. The key concept in this color-based segmentation algorithm with K-means is to convert a given gray-level MR image into a color space image and then separate the position of tumor objects from other items of an MR image by using K-means clustering and histogram-clustering. Experiments demonstrate that the method can successfully achieve segmentation for MR brain images to help pathologists distinguish exactly lesion size and region.},
+ keywords = {Biomedical imaging,Brain,Histograms,Image segmentation,Magnetic resonance,Magnetic resonance imaging,Neoplasms,Statistics,Tumors,Ultrasonic imaging}
+}
+
+@article{wuDeepLearningLIRADS2020,
+ title = {Deep Learning {{LI-RADS}} Grading System Based on Contrast Enhanced Multiphase {{MRI}} for Differentiation between {{LR-3}} and {{LR-4}}/{{LR-5}} Liver Tumors},
+ author = {Wu, Yunan and White, Gregory M. and Cornelius, Tyler and Gowdar, Indraneel and Ansari, Mohammad H. and Supanich, Mark P. and Deng, Jie},
+ year = {2020},
+ month = jun,
+ journal = {Annals of Translational Medicine},
+ volume = {8},
+ number = {11},
+ pages = {701},
+ issn = {2305-5839},
+ doi = {10.21037/atm.2019.12.151},
+ abstract = {BACKGROUND: To develop a deep learning (DL) method based on multiphase, contrast-enhanced (CE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to distinguish Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) grade 3 (LR-3) liver tumors from combined higher-grades 4 and 5 (LR-4/LR-5) tumors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) diagnosis. METHODS: A total of 89 untreated LI-RADS-graded liver tumors (35 LR-3, 14 LR-4, and 40 LR-5) were identified based on the radiology MRI interpretation reports. Multiphase 3D T1-weighted gradient echo imaging was acquired at six time points: pre-contrast, four phases immediately post-contrast, and one hepatobiliary phase after intravenous injection of gadoxetate disodium. Image co-registration was performed across all phases on the center tumor slice to correct motion. A rectangular tumor box centered on the tumor area was drawn to extract subset tumor images for each imaging phase, which were used as the inputs to a convolutional neural network (CNN). The pre-trained AlexNet CNN model underwent transfer learning using liver MRI data for LI-RADS tumor grade classification. The output probability number closer to 1 or 0 indicated a higher possibility of being combined LR-4/LR-5 tumor or LR-3 tumor, respectively. Five-fold cross validation was used for training (60\% dataset), validation (20\%) and testing processes (20\%). RESULTS: The DL CNN model for LI-RADS grading using inputs of multiphase liver MRI data acquired at three time points (pre-contrast, arterial, and washout phase) achieved a high accuracy of 0.90, sensitivity of 1.0, precision of 0.835, and AUC of 0.95 with reference to the expert human radiologist report. The CNN output of probability provided radiologists a confidence level of the model's grading for each liver lesion. CONCLUSIONS: An AlexNet CNN model for LI-RADS grading of liver lesions provided diagnostic performance comparable to radiologists and offered valuable clinical guidance for differentiating intermediate LR-3 liver lesions from more-likely malignant LR-4/LR-5 lesions in HCC diagnosis.},
+ langid = {english},
+ pmcid = {PMC7327307},
+ pmid = {32617321},
+ keywords = {convolutional neural network (CNN),Deep learning (DL),hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),LI-RADS,MRI},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/ZMUWM2A5/Wu et al. - 2020 - Deep learning LI-RADS grading system based on cont.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{wuPredictingGradeHepatocellular2019,
+ title = {Predicting the Grade of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Non-Contrast-Enhanced {{MRI}} Radiomics Signature},
+ author = {Wu, Minghui and Tan, Hongna and Gao, Fei and Hai, Jinjin and Ning, Peigang and Chen, Jian and Zhu, Shaocheng and Wang, Meiyun and Dou, Shewei and Shi, Dapeng},
+ year = {2019},
+ month = jun,
+ journal = {European Radiology},
+ volume = {29},
+ number = {6},
+ pages = {2802--2811},
+ issn = {1432-1084},
+ doi = {10.1007/s00330-018-5787-2},
+ abstract = {This study was conducted in order to investigate the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based radiomics signatures for the preoperative prediction of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) grade.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Diagnostic imaging,Hepatocellular carcinoma,Magnetic resonance imaging,ROC curve},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/A74TA2QT/Wu et al. - 2019 - Predicting the grade of hepatocellular carcinoma b.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{yangGlobalViewHepatocellular2019,
+ title = {A Global View of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Trends, Risk, Prevention and Management},
+ shorttitle = {A Global View of Hepatocellular Carcinoma},
+ author = {Yang, Ju Dong and Hainaut, Pierre and Gores, Gregory J. and Amadou, Amina and Plymoth, Amelie and Roberts, Lewis R.},
+ year = {2019},
+ month = oct,
+ journal = {Nature Reviews Gastroenterology \& Hepatology},
+ volume = {16},
+ number = {10},
+ pages = {589--604},
+ publisher = {{Nature Publishing Group}},
+ issn = {1759-5053},
+ doi = {10.1038/s41575-019-0186-y},
+ abstract = {Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Risk factors for HCC include chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C, alcohol addiction, metabolic liver disease (particularly nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) and exposure to dietary toxins such as aflatoxins and aristolochic acid. All these risk factors are potentially preventable, highlighting the considerable potential of risk prevention for decreasing the global burden of HCC. HCC surveillance and early detection increase the chance of potentially curative treatment; however, HCC surveillance is substantially underutilized, even in countries with sufficient medical resources. Early-stage HCC can be treated curatively by local ablation, surgical resection or liver transplantation. Treatment selection depends on tumour characteristics, the severity of underlying liver dysfunction, age, other medical comorbidities, and available medical resources and local expertise. Catheter-based locoregional treatment is used in patients with intermediate-stage cancer. Kinase and immune checkpoint inhibitors have been shown to be effective treatment options in patients with advanced-stage HCC. Together, rational deployment of prevention, attainment of global goals for viral hepatitis eradication, and improvements in HCC surveillance and therapy hold promise for achieving a substantial reduction in the worldwide HCC burden within the next few decades.},
+ copyright = {2019 Springer Nature Limited},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {Cancer therapy,Epidemiology,Hepatocellular carcinoma,Liver},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/GLN9YUQY/Yang et al. - 2019 - A global view of hepatocellular carcinoma trends,.pdf;/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/ZF5XZ72L/s41575-019-0186-y.html}
+}
+
+@article{yasakaDeepLearningConvolutional2018,
+ title = {Deep {{Learning}} with {{Convolutional Neural Network}} for {{Differentiation}} of {{Liver Masses}} at {{Dynamic Contrast-enhanced CT}}: {{A Preliminary Study}}},
+ shorttitle = {Deep {{Learning}} with {{Convolutional Neural Network}} for {{Differentiation}} of {{Liver Masses}} at {{Dynamic Contrast-enhanced CT}}},
+ author = {Yasaka, Koichiro and Akai, Hiroyuki and Abe, Osamu and Kiryu, Shigeru},
+ year = {2018},
+ month = mar,
+ journal = {Radiology},
+ volume = {286},
+ number = {3},
+ pages = {887--896},
+ issn = {1527-1315},
+ doi = {10.1148/radiol.2017170706},
+ abstract = {Purpose To investigate diagnostic performance by using a deep learning method with a convolutional neural network (CNN) for the differentiation of liver masses at dynamic contrast agent-enhanced computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods This clinical retrospective study used CT image sets of liver masses over three phases (noncontrast-agent enhanced, arterial, and delayed). Masses were diagnosed according to five categories (category A, classic hepatocellular carcinomas [HCCs]; category B, malignant liver tumors other than classic and early HCCs; category C, indeterminate masses or mass-like lesions [including early HCCs and dysplastic nodules] and rare benign liver masses other than hemangiomas and cysts; category D, hemangiomas; and category E, cysts). Supervised training was performed by using 55 536 image sets obtained in 2013 (from 460 patients, 1068 sets were obtained and they were augmented by a factor of 52 [rotated, parallel-shifted, strongly enlarged, and noise-added images were generated from the original images]). The CNN was composed of six convolutional, three maximum pooling, and three fully connected layers. The CNN was tested with 100 liver mass image sets obtained in 2016 (74 men and 26 women; mean age, 66.4 years {$\pm$} 10.6 [standard deviation]; mean mass size, 26.9 mm {$\pm$} 25.9; 21, nine, 35, 20, and 15 liver masses for categories A, B, C, D, and E, respectively). Training and testing were performed five times. Accuracy for categorizing liver masses with CNN model and the area under receiver operating characteristic curve for differentiating categories A-B versus categories C-E were calculated. Results Median accuracy of differential diagnosis of liver masses for test data were 0.84. Median area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for differentiating categories A-B from C-E was 0.92. Conclusion Deep learning with CNN showed high diagnostic performance in differentiation of liver masses at dynamic CT. \textcopyright{} RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.},
+ langid = {english},
+ pmid = {29059036},
+ keywords = {Aged,Aged; 80 and over,Bile Duct Neoplasms,Carcinoma; Hepatocellular,Cholangiocarcinoma,Contrast Media,Diagnosis; Differential,Female,Humans,Liver Neoplasms,Machine Learning,Middle Aged,Neural Networks; Computer,Retrospective Studies,ROC Curve,Sensitivity and Specificity,Tomography; X-Ray Computed},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/6GN3FI2P/Yasaka et al. - 2018 - Deep Learning with Convolutional Neural Network fo.pdf}
+}
+
+@misc{YOLORealTimeObject,
+ title = {{{YOLO}}: {{Real-Time Object Detection}}},
+ howpublished = {https://pjreddie.com/darknet/yolo/},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/HFC753RT/yolo.html}
+}
+
+@misc{YouDonaHave,
+ title = {You Don\^a\texteuro\texttrademark t Have to Be Well-Educated to Be an Aversive Racist, but It Helps | {{Elsevier Enhanced Reader}}},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.01.006},
+ howpublished = {https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S0049089X14000313?token=8045BFED0BE21AE066AE1A28D04DFE1C9378CA4837736B7FF4589DBF6C5C27384BAA918BF9B3F50214140654472FEB0D},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/DSB3P898/S0049089X14000313.html}
+}
+
+@article{youngDramaturgicalSocietyMacroanalytic1978,
+ title = {The Dramaturgical Society: {{A}} Macro-Analytic Approach to Dramaturgical Analysis},
+ shorttitle = {The Dramaturgical Society},
+ author = {Young, T. R. and Massey, Garth},
+ year = {1978},
+ month = sep,
+ journal = {Qualitative Sociology},
+ volume = {1},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {78--98},
+ issn = {0162-0436, 1573-7837},
+ doi = {10.1007/BF02390165},
+ abstract = {While the writings of Erving Goffman have illuminated the dramaturgical components of face-to-face interaction, the task of developing a thoroughgoing substantive and theoretical explication of the dramaturgical society remains. This paper explores the utility of a dramaturgical analysis at the macrosocietal level. The character of a dramaturgical society is discussed in the first section. The origins of a critical dramaturgy are presented in the next section. The conditions of social organization which give birth to a dramaturgical society are set forth in the next sections, and the utility of dramaturgy for a self-directed society are weighed in the final section.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/DZMNS75C/10.html}
+}
+
+@article{zhaoAutomaticThresholdLevel2015,
+ title = {Automatic {{Threshold Level Set Model Applied}} on {{MRI Image Segmentation}} of {{Brain Tissue}}},
+ author = {Zhao, Ming and Lin, Hsiao-Yu and Yang, Chih-Hung and Hsu, Chih-Yu and Pan, Jeng-Shyang and Lin, Meng-Ju},
+ year = {2015},
+ number = {4},
+ abstract = {In the paper, a mathematical proof is given for a different mean of Chan and Vese model. Based on the proof, an image segmentation method called Automatic Threshold Level Set Without Edge was developed for the extraction of tissues in brain MR images. Thresholds are defined to find the boundary of tissues in the brain and they can be automatically obtained by Fuzzy C Mean algorithm. A similarity index (SI) is used for quantitative evaluation of the segmentation results. By testing MRI brain slice images and comparing to the ground truth of tissue segmentation, the mean and the variance of SI are 0.90311 and 0.042049. The experimental results demonstrate our method can automatically and accurately segment the regions of tissues in brain.},
+ langid = {english},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/XKWH7I4X/Zhao et al. - 2015 - Automatic Threshold Level Set Model Applied on MRI.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{zhenDeepLearningAccurate2020,
+ title = {Deep {{Learning}} for {{Accurate Diagnosis}} of {{Liver Tumor Based}} on {{Magnetic Resonance Imaging}} and {{Clinical Data}}},
+ author = {Zhen, Shi-hui and Cheng, Ming and Tao, Yu-bo and Wang, Yi-fan and Juengpanich, Sarun and Jiang, Zhi-yu and Jiang, Yan-kai and Yan, Yu-yu and Lu, Wei and Lue, Jie-min and Qian, Jia-hong and Wu, Zhong-yu and Sun, Ji-hong and Lin, Hai and Cai, Xiu-jun},
+ year = {2020},
+ journal = {Frontiers in Oncology},
+ volume = {10},
+ issn = {2234-943X},
+ abstract = {Background: Early-stage diagnosis and treatment can improve survival rates of liver cancer patients. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI provides the most comprehensive information for differential diagnosis of liver tumors. However, MRI diagnosis is affected by subjective experience, so deep learning may supply a new diagnostic strategy. We used convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to develop a deep learning system (DLS) to classify liver tumors based on enhanced MR images, unenhanced MR images, and clinical data including text and laboratory test results.Methods: Using data from 1,210 patients with liver tumors (N = 31,608 images), we trained CNNs to get seven-way classifiers, binary classifiers, and three-way malignancy-classifiers (Model A-Model G). Models were validated in an external independent extended cohort of 201 patients (N = 6,816 images). The area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) were compared across different models. We also compared the sensitivity and specificity of models with the performance of three experienced radiologists.Results: Deep learning achieves a performance on par with three experienced radiologists on classifying liver tumors in seven categories. Using only unenhanced images, CNN performs well in distinguishing malignant from benign liver tumors (AUC, 0.946; 95\% CI 0.914\textendash 0.979 vs. 0.951; 0.919\textendash 0.982, P = 0.664). New CNN combining unenhanced images with clinical data greatly improved the performance of classifying malignancies as hepatocellular carcinoma (AUC, 0.985; 95\% CI 0.960\textendash 1.000), metastatic tumors (0.998; 0.989\textendash 1.000), and other primary malignancies (0.963; 0.896\textendash 1.000), and the agreement with pathology was 91.9\%.These models mined diagnostic information in unenhanced images and clinical data by deep-neural-network, which were different to previous methods that utilized enhanced images. The sensitivity and specificity of almost every category in these models reached the same high level compared to three experienced radiologists.Conclusion: Trained with data in various acquisition conditions, DLS that integrated these models could be used as an accurate and time-saving assisted-diagnostic strategy for liver tumors in clinical settings, even in the absence of contrast agents. DLS therefore has the potential to avoid contrast-related side effects and reduce economic costs associated with current standard MRI inspection practices for liver tumor patients.},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/R4H3BB2E/Zhen et al. - 2020 - Deep Learning for Accurate Diagnosis of Liver Tumo.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{zhenDeepLearningAccurate2020a,
+ title = {Deep {{Learning}} for {{Accurate Diagnosis}} of {{Liver Tumor Based}} on {{Magnetic Resonance Imaging}} and {{Clinical Data}}},
+ author = {Zhen, Shi-hui and Cheng, Ming and Tao, Yu-bo and Wang, Yi-fan and Juengpanich, Sarun and Jiang, Zhi-yu and Jiang, Yan-kai and Yan, Yu-yu and Lu, Wei and Lue, Jie-min and Qian, Jia-hong and Wu, Zhong-yu and Sun, Ji-hong and Lin, Hai and Cai, Xiu-jun},
+ year = {2020},
+ month = may,
+ journal = {Frontiers in Oncology},
+ volume = {10},
+ pages = {680},
+ issn = {2234-943X},
+ doi = {10.3389/fonc.2020.00680},
+ abstract = {Background: Early-stage diagnosis and treatment can improve survival rates of liver cancer patients. Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI provides the most comprehensive information for differential diagnosis of liver tumors. However, MRI diagnosis is affected by subjective experience, so deep learning may supply a new diagnostic strategy. We used convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to develop a deep learning system (DLS) to classify liver tumors based on enhanced MR images, unenhanced MR images, and clinical data including text and laboratory test results., Methods: Using data from 1,210 patients with liver tumors (N = 31,608 images), we trained CNNs to get seven-way classifiers, binary classifiers, and three-way malignancy-classifiers (Model A-Model G). Models were validated in an external independent extended cohort of 201 patients (N = 6,816 images). The area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) were compared across different models. We also compared the sensitivity and specificity of models with the performance of three experienced radiologists., Results: Deep learning achieves a performance on par with three experienced radiologists on classifying liver tumors in seven categories. Using only unenhanced images, CNN performs well in distinguishing malignant from benign liver tumors (AUC, 0.946; 95\% CI 0.914\textendash 0.979 vs. 0.951; 0.919\textendash 0.982, P = 0.664). New CNN combining unenhanced images with clinical data greatly improved the performance of classifying malignancies as hepatocellular carcinoma (AUC, 0.985; 95\% CI 0.960\textendash 1.000), metastatic tumors (0.998; 0.989\textendash 1.000), and other primary malignancies (0.963; 0.896\textendash 1.000), and the agreement with pathology was 91.9\%.These models mined diagnostic information in unenhanced images and clinical data by deep-neural-network, which were different to previous methods that utilized enhanced images. The sensitivity and specificity of almost every category in these models reached the same high level compared to three experienced radiologists., Conclusion: Trained with data in various acquisition conditions, DLS that integrated these models could be used as an accurate and time-saving assisted-diagnostic strategy for liver tumors in clinical settings, even in the absence of contrast agents. DLS therefore has the potential to avoid contrast-related side effects and reduce economic costs associated with current standard MRI inspection practices for liver tumor patients.},
+ pmcid = {PMC7271965},
+ pmid = {32547939},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/JBRALQSD/Zhen et al. - 2020 - Deep Learning for Accurate Diagnosis of Liver Tumo.pdf}
+}
+
+@article{ziegfeldAreHighermagnitudeElectoral2013,
+ title = {Are Higher-Magnitude Electoral Districts Always Better for Small Parties?},
+ author = {Ziegfeld, Adam},
+ year = {2013},
+ month = mar,
+ journal = {Electoral Studies},
+ volume = {32},
+ number = {1},
+ pages = {63--77},
+ issn = {0261-3794},
+ doi = {10.1016/j.electstud.2012.08.001},
+ abstract = {High-magnitude electoral districts are widely believed to lead to greater representation for smaller parties. This article refines the conventional wisdom by taking electoral geography into account. When small political parties have geographically concentrated support bases, then no systematic relationship exists between district magnitude and legislative representation. High-magnitude districts do not advantage small parties whose supporters are geographically concentrated. Evidence in support of this claim comes from India and Israel. The article shows what counterfactual Indian and Israeli legislatures would look like if seats were allocated using electoral districts of varying magnitudes and highlights how parties with geographically concentrated support bases win similar seat totals, irrespective of district magnitude.},
+ langid = {english},
+ keywords = {District magnitude,Electoral geography,India,Israel,Small parties},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/CCASNPYG/S0261379412001084.html}
+}
+
+@article{zwanenburgImageBiomarkerStandardization2020,
+ title = {The {{Image Biomarker Standardization Initiative}}: {{Standardized}} {{Quantitative Radiomics}} for {{High-Throughput Image-based}} {{Phenotyping}}},
+ shorttitle = {The {{Image Biomarker Standardization Initiative}}},
+ author = {Zwanenburg, Alex and Valli{\`e}res, Martin and Abdalah, Mahmoud A. and Aerts, Hugo J. W. L. and Andrearczyk, Vincent and Apte, Aditya and Ashrafinia, Saeed and Bakas, Spyridon and Beukinga, Roelof J. and Boellaard, Ronald and Bogowicz, Marta and Boldrini, Luca and Buvat, Ir{\`e}ne and Cook, Gary J. R. and Davatzikos, Christos and Depeursinge, Adrien and Desseroit, Marie-Charlotte and Dinapoli, Nicola and Dinh, Cuong Viet and Echegaray, Sebastian and El Naqa, Issam and Fedorov, Andriy Y. and Gatta, Roberto and Gillies, Robert J. and Goh, Vicky and G{\"o}tz, Michael and Guckenberger, Matthias and Ha, Sung Min and Hatt, Mathieu and Isensee, Fabian and Lambin, Philippe and Leger, Stefan and Leijenaar, Ralph T.H. and Lenkowicz, Jacopo and Lippert, Fiona and Losneg{\aa}rd, Are and {Maier-Hein}, Klaus H. and Morin, Olivier and M{\"u}ller, Henning and Napel, Sandy and Nioche, Christophe and Orlhac, Fanny and Pati, Sarthak and Pfaehler, Elisabeth A.G. and Rahmim, Arman and Rao, Arvind U.K. and Scherer, Jonas and Siddique, Muhammad Musib and Sijtsema, Nanna M. and Socarras Fernandez, Jairo and Spezi, Emiliano and Steenbakkers, Roel J.H.M. and {Tanadini-Lang}, Stephanie and Thorwarth, Daniela and Troost, Esther G.C. and Upadhaya, Taman and Valentini, Vincenzo and {van Dijk}, Lisanne V. and {van Griethuysen}, Joost and {van Velden}, Floris H.P. and Whybra, Philip and Richter, Christian and L{\"o}ck, Steffen},
+ year = {2020},
+ month = may,
+ journal = {Radiology},
+ volume = {295},
+ number = {2},
+ pages = {328--338},
+ publisher = {{Radiological Society of North America}},
+ issn = {0033-8419},
+ doi = {10.1148/radiol.2020191145},
+ abstract = {Background Radiomic features may quantify characteristics present in medical imaging. However, the lack of standardized definitions and validated reference values have hampered clinical use. Purpose To standardize a set of 174 radiomic features. Materials and Methods Radiomic features were assessed in three phases. In phase I, 487 features were derived from the basic set of 174 features. Twenty-five research teams with unique radiomics software implementations computed feature values directly from a digital phantom, without any additional image processing. In phase II, 15 teams computed values for 1347 derived features using a CT image of a patient with lung cancer and predefined image processing configurations. In both phases, consensus among the teams on the validity of tentative reference values was measured through the frequency of the modal value and classified as follows: less than three matches, weak; three to five matches, moderate; six to nine matches, strong; 10 or more matches, very strong. In the final phase (phase III), a public data set of multimodality images (CT, fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET, and T1-weighted MRI) from 51 patients with soft-tissue sarcoma was used to prospectively assess reproducibility of standardized features. Results Consensus on reference values was initially weak for 232 of 302 features (76.8\%) at phase I and 703 of 1075 features (65.4\%) at phase II. At the final iteration, weak consensus remained for only two of 487 features (0.4\%) at phase I and 19 of 1347 features (1.4\%) at phase II. Strong or better consensus was achieved for 463 of 487 features (95.1\%) at phase I and 1220 of 1347 features (90.6\%) at phase II. Overall, 169 of 174 features were standardized in the first two phases. In the final validation phase (phase III), most of the 169 standardized features could be excellently reproduced (166 with CT; 164 with PET; and 164 with MRI). Conclusion A set of 169 radiomics features was standardized, which enabled verification and calibration of different radiomics software. \textcopyright{} RSNA, 2020 Online supplemental material is available for this article. See also the editorial by Kuhl and Truhn in this issue.},
+ file = {/Users/noltinho/Zotero/storage/Q9E6WMHC/Zwanenburg et al. - 2020 - The Image Biomarker Standardization Initiative St.pdf}
+}
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