@@ -15,41 +15,34 @@ Beamer Theme : singapore
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~ Begin Vertical
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-
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- # The Kiss nightclub tragedy
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+ # The Kiss nightclub tragedy {#vertical}
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~ Begin Columns
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~ Column { width:50% }
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-
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* 27th January 2013, Santa Maria, Brazil
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* fireworks on flammable sound insulation
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* obstacles, bad signaling and inappropriate doors
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* doors blocked by people
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* result: 242 deaths
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-
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~
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~ Column
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![boate-kiss]
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~
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~ End Columns
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- [boate-kiss]: images/boate-kiss.jpg "boate-kiss" { width:auto; max-width:100% }
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- [![arrowdown]][down]
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-
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+ [boate-kiss]: images/boate-kiss.jpg "boate-kiss" { width:auto; max-width:100%}
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- ## Lessons Learned
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+ ## Lessons Learned {#vertical}
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* later on 2013, Santa Catarina Military Fire Department launched new fire safety code
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* requirements for nightclubs:
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* fireworks prohibited
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* flammable insulation prohibited
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* population density up to 2/m²
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* doors width calculated for allowed population
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- * Problem: are the calculus safe for an uncoordinated egress?
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+ * ** Problem: are the calculus safe for an uncoordinated egress** ?
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~ End Vertical
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-
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<!-- Example of nested vertical slides -->
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~ Begin Vertical { data-background:Gainsboro }
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@@ -86,29 +79,28 @@ Beamer Theme : singapore
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~
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~ End Columns
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[esquemaExperimento_02]: images/esquemaExperimento_02.png "esquemaExperimento_02" { width:auto; max-width:90% }
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[down]: # { .navigate-down }
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[arrowdown]: images/arrow.png "Down arrow" { width:178px; height:238px }
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- ## Videos {#vertical}
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+ ## Videos
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![3cameras]
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- [3cameras]: images/3cameras.jpeg "3cameras" { width:auto; max-width:90 % }
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+ [3cameras]: images/3cameras.jpeg "3cameras" { width:auto; max-width:100 % }
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<https://youtu.be/E2WNhcgIzuQ>
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- ## Arch {#vertical }
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+ ## Arch { data-transition:zoom }
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![blockage02]
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[blockage02]: images/blockage02.png "blockage02" { centering; width:auto; max-width:100% }
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- ## Crowd Turbulence {#vertical}
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+ ## Crowd Turbulence
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![turbulencia]
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- [turbulencia]: images/turbulencia.png "turbulencia" { width:auto; max-width:90 % }
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+ [turbulencia]: images/turbulencia.png "turbulencia" { width:auto; max-width:100 % }
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<https://youtu.be/h72-I5E96uU>
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- ## Egress time and flow {#vertical}
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+ ## Egress time and flow
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~ TableFigure { #tab-tempo; caption: "Egress time and mean flow versus population"; .wide }
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@@ -137,42 +129,53 @@ Beamer Theme : singapore
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* Experiment versus Simulation: 35 or 0.5/m²
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![exp_sim_35]
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- [exp_sim_35]: images/exp_sim_35.png "exp_sim_35" { width:auto; max-width:90 % }
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+ [exp_sim_35]: images/exp_sim_35.png "exp_sim_35" { width:auto; max-width:100 % }
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- * Experiment versus Simulation: 70 or 1.0/m² {#vertical}
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+ ~ Slide
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+ * Experiment versus Simulation: 70 or 1.0/m²
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![exp_sim_70]
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- [exp_sim_70]: images/exp_sim_70.png "exp_sim_70" { width:auto; max-width:90% }
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+ [exp_sim_70]: images/exp_sim_70.png "exp_sim_70" { width:auto; max-width:100% }
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+ ~
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- * Experiment versus Simulation: 105 or 1.5/m² {#vertical}
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+ ~ Slide
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+ * Experiment versus Simulation: 105 or 1.5/m²
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![exp_sim_105]
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- [exp_sim_105]: images/exp_sim_105.png "exp_sim_105" { width:auto; max-width:90% }
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+ [exp_sim_105]: images/exp_sim_105.png "exp_sim_105" { width:auto; max-width:100% }
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+ ~
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- * Experiment versus Simulation: 140 or 2.0/m² {#vertical}
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+ ~ Slide
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+ * Experiment versus Simulation: 140 or 2.0/m²
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![exp_sim_140]
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- [exp_sim_140]: images/exp_sim_140.png "exp_sim_140" { width:auto; max-width:90% }
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+ [exp_sim_140]: images/exp_sim_140.png "exp_sim_140" { width:auto; max-width:100% }
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+ ~
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+ ~ Slide
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* Experiment versus Simulation: 175 or 2.5/m²
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![exp_sim_175]
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- [exp_sim_175]: images/exp_sim_175.png "exp_sim_175" { width:auto; max-width:90% }
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+ [exp_sim_175]: images/exp_sim_175.png "exp_sim_175" { width:auto; max-width:100% }
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+ ~
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+ ~ Slide
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* Experiment versus Simulation: 210 or 3.0/m²
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![exp_sim_210]
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- [exp_sim_210]: images/exp_sim_210.png "exp_sim_210" { width:auto; max-width:90% }
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+ [exp_sim_210]: images/exp_sim_210.png "exp_sim_210" { width:auto; max-width:100% }
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+ ~
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+ ~ Slide
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* Experiment versus Simulation: 280 or 4.0/m²
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![exp_sim_280]
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- [exp_sim_280]: images/exp_sim_280.png "exp_sim_280" { width:auto; max-width:90% }
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+ [exp_sim_280]: images/exp_sim_280.png "exp_sim_280" { width:auto; max-width:100% }
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+ ~
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## Kiss simulations
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![all_sim]
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- [all_sim]: images/all_sim.png "all_sim" { width:auto; max-width:90% }
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+ [all_sim]: images/all_sim.png "all_sim" { width:auto; max-width:100% }
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~ End Vertical
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# Conclusion
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- * uncoordinated egress experiment
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+ * Uncoordinated egress experiment
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* arches and turbulence were observed
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* the greater the crowd the lower the egress flow rate
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* when crowd stops pushing, flow increase
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