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formatting.md

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Formatting

Starting with i18next>=21.3.0 you can use the built-in formatting functions based on the Intl API.

You may need to polyfill the Intl API:

{% hint style="info" %} 🎓 Check out this topic in the i18next crash course video. {% endhint %}

Basic usage

The translation string has the following signature:

{
  "key": "Some format {{value, formatname}}",
  "keyWithOptions": "Some format {{value, formatname(option1Name: option1Value; option2Name: option2Value)}}"
}

Passing options to the formatting:

  1. In the translation string using {{value, formatname(options1: options1Value)}}
  2. Using the root level options when calling t('key', { option1: option1Value })
  3. Using the per value options like: t('key', { formatParams: { value: { option1: option1Value } })

Samples

// JSON
{
  "intlNumber": "Some {{val, number}}",
  "intlNumberWithOptions": "Some {{val, number(minimumFractionDigits: 2)}}"
}

i18next.t('intlNumber', { val: 1000 });
// --> Some 1,000
i18next.t('intlNumber', { val: 1000.1, minimumFractionDigits: 3 });
// --> Some 1,000.100
i18next.t('intlNumber', { val: 1000.1, formatParams: { val: { minimumFractionDigits: 3 } } });
// --> Some 1,000.100
i18next.t('intlNumberWithOptions', { val: 2000 });
// --> Some 2,000.00
i18next.t('intlNumberWithOptions', { val: 2000, minimumFractionDigits: 3 });
// --> Some 2,000.000

Overriding the language to use

The language can be overridden by passing it in t.options

i18next.t('intlNumber', { val: 1000.1, lng: 'de' }); // or: i18next.t('intlNumber', { val: 1000.1, locale: 'de' });
i18next.t('intlNumber', { val: 1000.1, formatParams: { val: { lng: 'de' } } }); // or: i18next.t('intlNumber', { val: 1000.1, formatParams: { val: { locale: 'de' } } });

Adding custom format function

It's rather simple to add own function:

// after i18next.init(options);
i18next.services.formatter.add('lowercase', (value, lng, options) => {
  return value.toLowerCase();
});
i18next.services.formatter.add('underscore', (value, lng, options) => {
  return value.replace(/\s+/g, '_');
});

{% hint style="warning" %} Make sure you add your custom format function AFTER the i18next.init() call. {% endhint %}

There's also an addCached version for optimized performance:

i18next.services.formatter.addCached('specialformat', (lng, options) => {
  const formatter = new Intl.NumberFormat(lng, options);
  return (val) => formatter.format(val);
});

Using multiple formatters

{
  "key": "Some format {{value, formatter1, formatter2}}"
}

Built-in formats

Number

// JSON
{
  "intlNumber": "Some {{val, number}}",
  "intlNumberWithOptions": "Some {{val, number(minimumFractionDigits: 2)}}"
}

i18next.t('intlNumber', { val: 1000 });
// --> Some 1,000
i18next.t('intlNumber', { val: 1000.1, minimumFractionDigits: 3 });
// --> Some 1,000.100
i18next.t('intlNumber', { val: 1000.1, formatParams: { val: { minimumFractionDigits: 3 } } });
// --> Some 1,000.100
i18next.t('intlNumberWithOptions', { val: 2000 });
// --> Some 2,000.00
i18next.t('intlNumberWithOptions', { val: 2000, minimumFractionDigits: 3 });
// --> Some 2,000.000

For options see: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Intl/NumberFormat

Currency

// JSON
{
  "intlCurrencyWithOptionsSimplified": "The value is {{val, currency(USD)}}",
  "intlCurrencyWithOptions": "The value is {{val, currency(currency: USD)}}",
  "twoIntlCurrencyWithUniqueFormatOptions": "The value is {{localValue, currency}} or {{altValue, currency}}",
}

i18next.t('intlCurrencyWithOptionsSimplified', { val: 2000 });
// --> The value is $2,000.00
i18next.t('intlCurrencyWithOptions', { val: 2300 });
// --> The value is $2,300.00
i18next.t('twoIntlCurrencyWithUniqueFormatOptions',
          {
            localValue: 12345.67,
            altValue: 16543.21,
            formatParams: {
              localValue: { currency: 'USD', locale: 'en-US' },
              altValue: { currency: 'CAD', locale: 'fr-CA' },
            },
          },);
// --> The value is $12,345.67 or 16 543,21 $ CA

For options see: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Intl/NumberFormat

DateTime

// JSON
{
  "intlDateTime": "On the {{val, datetime}}",
}

i18next.t('intlDateTime', { val: new Date(Date.UTC(2012, 11, 20, 3, 0, 0)) });
// --> On the 12/20/2012
i18next.t('intlDateTime',
          {
            val: new Date(Date.UTC(2012, 11, 20, 3, 0, 0)),
            formatParams: {
              val: { weekday: 'long', year: 'numeric', month: 'long', day: 'numeric' },
            },
          });
// --> On the Thursday, December 20, 2012

For options see: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Intl/DateTimeFormat

RelativeTime

// JSON
{
  "intlRelativeTime": "Lorem {{val, relativetime}}",
  "intlRelativeTimeWithOptions": "Lorem {{val, relativetime(quarter)}}",
  "intlRelativeTimeWithOptionsExplicit": "Lorem {{val, relativetime(range: quarter; style: narrow;)}}",
}

i18next.t('intlRelativeTime', { val: 3 });
// --> Lorem in 3 days
i18next.t('intlRelativeTimeWithOptions', { val: -3 });
// --> Lorem 3 quarters ago
i18next.t('intlRelativeTimeWithOptionsExplicit', { val: -3 });
// --> Lorem 3 qtrs. ago
i18next.t('intlRelativeTimeWithOptionsExplicit', { val: -3, style: 'long' });
// --> Lorem 3 quarters ago

For options see: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Intl/RelativeTimeFormat

List

// JSON
{
  "intlList": "A list of {{val, list}}"
}

i18next.t('intlList', { val: ['locize', 'i18next', 'awesomeness'] });
// --> A list of locize, i18next, and awesomeness

For options see: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Intl/ListFormat

Legacy format function i18next<21.3.0

You can add formatting using moment.js and numeral.js or the intl api.

As a sample using momentjs to format dates.

keys

{
    "key": "The current date is {{date, MM/DD/YYYY}}",
    "key2": "{{text, uppercase}} just uppercased"
}

Init i18next with a format function:

i18next.init({
    interpolation: {
        format: function(value, format, lng) {
            if (format === 'uppercase') return value.toUpperCase();
            if(value instanceof Date) return moment(value).format(format);
            return value;
        }
    }
});

sample

i18next.t('key', { date: new Date() });
// -> "The current date is 07/13/2016"

i18next.t('key2', { text: 'can you hear me' });
// => "CAN YOU HEAR ME just uppercased"

Keep the language on moment in sync with i18next by listening to the change language event:

i18next.on('languageChanged', function(lng) {
  moment.locale(lng);
});

Additional options

Prefix/Suffix for interpolation and other options can be overridden in init option:

sample

i18next.init({
    interpolation: { ... }
});
option default description
alwaysFormat false used to always call the format function for all interpolated values
format noop function

Passing this function is considered LEGACY in i18next>=21.3.0

format function function format(value, format, lng, edit) {}
formatSeparator ',' used to separate format from interpolation value

While there are a lot of options going with the defaults should get you covered.