From 17b887287e9b47adaa201227439a6fda74b879b6 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: "exercism-solutions-syncer[bot]"
 <211797793+exercism-solutions-syncer[bot]@users.noreply.github.com>
Date: Tue, 12 Aug 2025 05:28:19 +0000
Subject: [PATCH 1/6] [Sync Iteration] python/leap/1

---
 solutions/python/leap/1/leap.py | 32 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 1 file changed, 32 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 solutions/python/leap/1/leap.py

diff --git a/solutions/python/leap/1/leap.py b/solutions/python/leap/1/leap.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..dd1abb3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/solutions/python/leap/1/leap.py
@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+"""Solution for Leap exercise."""
+
+
+def leap_year(year: int) -> bool:
+    """
+    Determine whether a given year is a leap year.
+
+    A leap year (in the Gregorian calendar) occurs:
+    - In every year that is evenly divisible by 4.
+    - Unless the year is evenly divisible by 100,
+      in which case it's only a leap year if the
+      year is also evenly divisible by 400.
+
+    Some examples:
+
+    - 1997 was not a leap year as it's not divisible by 4.
+    - 1900 was not a leap year as it's not divisible by 400.
+    - 2000 was a leap year!
+
+    :param year: any year
+    :type year: int
+    :return: whether a given year is a leap year
+    :rtype: bool
+    """
+    if year % 4 == 0:
+        if year % 100 == 0:
+            if year % 400 == 0:
+                return True
+            return False
+        return True
+
+    return False

From 8b3679c857950135b2cdf05fd0dd9a740c9f470b Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Egor Kostan <igorkostan@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Aug 2025 22:18:20 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 2/6] Ruff

---
 .github/workflows/ruff.yml |  21 +++++++++++++
 pyproject.toml             |  60 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
 requirements.txt           | Bin 470 -> 496 bytes
 3 files changed, 81 insertions(+)
 create mode 100644 .github/workflows/ruff.yml
 create mode 100644 pyproject.toml

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ruff.yml b/.github/workflows/ruff.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f01a2a3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/ruff.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+name: Ruff Lint and Format
+
+on: [push, pull_request]
+
+jobs:
+  ruff:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    steps:
+      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+      - name: Set up Python 3.12
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+        with:
+          python-version: '3.12'
+      - name: Install Ruff
+        run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
+          pip install -r requirements.txt
+      - name: Run Ruff lint
+        run: ruff check --output-format=github .
+      - name: Run Ruff format check
+        run: ruff format --check .
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..50718dd
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,60 @@
+[tool.ruff]
+# Exclude commonly ignored directories
+exclude = [
+    ".bzr",
+    ".direnv",
+    ".eggs",
+    ".git",
+    ".git-rewrite",
+    ".hg",
+    ".ipynb_checkpoints",
+    ".mypy_cache",
+    ".nox",
+    ".pants.d",
+    ".pyenv",
+    ".pytest_cache",
+    ".pytype",
+    ".ruff_cache",
+    ".svn",
+    ".tox",
+    ".venv",
+    ".vscode",
+    "__pypackages__",
+    "_build",
+    "buck-out",
+    "build",
+    "dist",
+    "node_modules",
+    "site-packages",
+    "venv",
+]
+
+# Line length and indentation settings, same as Black
+line-length = 88
+indent-width = 4
+
+# Set target version to Python 3.12
+target-version = "py312"
+
+[tool.ruff.lint]
+# Enable Pyflakes (F) and a subset of pycodestyle (E) codes by default
+select = ["E4", "E7", "E9", "F"]
+ignore = []
+
+# Allow fixes for all enabled rules when --fix is provided
+fixable = ["ALL"]
+unfixable = []
+
+# Allow unused variables when underscore-prefixed
+dummy-variable-rgx = "^(_+|(_+[a-zA-Z0-9_]*[a-zA-Z0-9]+?))$"
+
+[tool.ruff.format]
+# Enable formatter settings, similar to Black
+quote-style = "double"
+indent-style = "space"
+skip-magic-trailing-comma = false
+line-ending = "auto"
+
+# Auto-formatting of code examples in docstrings is currently disabled by default
+docstring-code-format = false
+docstring-code-line-length = "dynamic"
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/requirements.txt b/requirements.txt
index ad58882afce5f0a1f504e0fdc86c550ca687c885..44bbf70f2f84f6ba7c278ad0f37467689713853d 100644
GIT binary patch
delta 37
mcmcb{{DFDH7DmY;hEj$!AhZQS0|q??Lk1%-X)t*`qcQ-w!w4<_

delta 16
Xcmeyse2sa-7RJe!80A=a8Mqh#H}C|}


From a77d89126905e244a44805e202d4d7a4c62e4b6c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Egor Kostan <igorkostan@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Aug 2025 22:20:32 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 3/6] Update pyproject.toml

---
 pyproject.toml | 3 +++
 1 file changed, 3 insertions(+)

diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 50718dd..36d7520 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -27,6 +27,9 @@ exclude = [
     "node_modules",
     "site-packages",
     "venv",
+    "tests/",
+    "*_test.py",
+    "test_*.py"
 ]
 
 # Line length and indentation settings, same as Black

From 60880d231426f80126278541197c4cc79cb99eff Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Egor Kostan <igorkostan@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Aug 2025 22:21:41 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 4/6] Update pyproject.toml

---
 pyproject.toml | 3 ++-
 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 36d7520..8418471 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -29,7 +29,8 @@ exclude = [
     "venv",
     "tests/",
     "*_test.py",
-    "test_*.py"
+    "test_*.py",
+    "solutions/"
 ]
 
 # Line length and indentation settings, same as Black

From a026afd0c56f118cbfc7c7fbdf252ad8c3ecd35d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Egor Kostan <igorkostan@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Aug 2025 22:26:35 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 5/6] Ruff format changes

---
 black-jack/black_jack.py                   | 10 +++++-----
 card-games/lists.py                        |  3 +--
 chaitanas-colossal-coaster/list_methods.py | 23 ++++++++++------------
 currency-exchange/exchange.py              | 22 ++++++++-------------
 ghost-gobble-arcade-game/arcade_game.py    |  6 +++---
 grains/grains.py                           |  2 +-
 guidos-gorgeous-lasagna/lasagna.py         |  7 +++----
 hello-world/hello_world.py                 |  2 +-
 little-sisters-vocab/strings.py            | 10 +++++-----
 making-the-grade/loops.py                  | 14 +++++++------
 meltdown-mitigation/conditionals.py        | 22 ++++++++++++---------
 triangle/triangle.py                       |  8 +++++---
 12 files changed, 63 insertions(+), 66 deletions(-)

diff --git a/black-jack/black_jack.py b/black-jack/black_jack.py
index fb9dec8..4d9a3fe 100644
--- a/black-jack/black_jack.py
+++ b/black-jack/black_jack.py
@@ -17,10 +17,10 @@ def value_of_card(card) -> int:
     2.  'A' (ace card) = 1
     3.  '2' - '10' = numerical value.
     """
-    if card in 'JKQ':
+    if card in "JKQ":
         return 10
 
-    if card == 'A':
+    if card == "A":
         return 1
 
     return int(card)
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ def value_of_ace(card_one, card_two) -> int:
     total: int = value_of_card(card_one) + value_of_card(card_two)
     # Hint: if we already have an ace in hand, then the value for
     # the upcoming ace would be 1.
-    if card_one == 'A' or card_two == 'A':
+    if card_one == "A" or card_two == "A":
         return 1
     # The value of the hand with the ace needs to be as high as
     # possible without going over 21.
@@ -89,10 +89,10 @@ def is_blackjack(card_one, card_two) -> bool:
     """
     # If a player is dealt an ace (A) and a ten-card (10, K, Q, or J)
     # as their first two cards, then the player has a score of 21.
-    if card_one == 'A' and card_two in ('J', 'Q', 'K', '10'):
+    if card_one == "A" and card_two in ("J", "Q", "K", "10"):
         return True
 
-    if card_two == 'A' and card_one in ('J', 'Q', 'K', '10'):
+    if card_two == "A" and card_one in ("J", "Q", "K", "10"):
         return True
 
     return False
diff --git a/card-games/lists.py b/card-games/lists.py
index 55f76fc..ba00613 100644
--- a/card-games/lists.py
+++ b/card-games/lists.py
@@ -15,8 +15,7 @@ def get_rounds(number: int) -> list[int]:
     return [number, number + 1, number + 2]
 
 
-def concatenate_rounds(rounds_1: list[int],
-                       rounds_2: list[int]) -> list[int]:
+def concatenate_rounds(rounds_1: list[int], rounds_2: list[int]) -> list[int]:
     """
     Concatenate two lists of round numbers.
 
diff --git a/chaitanas-colossal-coaster/list_methods.py b/chaitanas-colossal-coaster/list_methods.py
index 029b503..4e24015 100644
--- a/chaitanas-colossal-coaster/list_methods.py
+++ b/chaitanas-colossal-coaster/list_methods.py
@@ -1,10 +1,12 @@
 """Functions to manage and organize queues at Chaitana's roller coaster."""
 
 
-def add_me_to_the_queue(express_queue: list[str],
-                        normal_queue: list[str],
-                        ticket_type: int,
-                        person_name: str) -> list[str]:
+def add_me_to_the_queue(
+    express_queue: list[str],
+    normal_queue: list[str],
+    ticket_type: int,
+    person_name: str,
+) -> list[str]:
     """
     Add a person to the 'express' or 'normal' queue depending on the ticket number.
 
@@ -22,8 +24,7 @@ def add_me_to_the_queue(express_queue: list[str],
     return normal_queue
 
 
-def find_my_friend(queue: list[str],
-                   friend_name: str) -> int:
+def find_my_friend(queue: list[str], friend_name: str) -> int:
     """
     Search the queue for a name and return their queue position (index).
 
@@ -34,9 +35,7 @@ def find_my_friend(queue: list[str],
     return queue.index(friend_name)
 
 
-def add_me_with_my_friends(queue: list[str],
-                           index: int,
-                           person_name: str) -> list[str]:
+def add_me_with_my_friends(queue: list[str], index: int, person_name: str) -> list[str]:
     """
     Insert the late arrival's name at a specific index of the queue.
 
@@ -49,8 +48,7 @@ def add_me_with_my_friends(queue: list[str],
     return queue
 
 
-def remove_the_mean_person(queue: list[str],
-                           person_name: str) -> list[str]:
+def remove_the_mean_person(queue: list[str], person_name: str) -> list[str]:
     """
     Remove the mean person from the queue by the provided name.
 
@@ -62,8 +60,7 @@ def remove_the_mean_person(queue: list[str],
     return queue
 
 
-def how_many_namefellows(queue: list[str],
-                         person_name: str) -> int:
+def how_many_namefellows(queue: list[str], person_name: str) -> int:
     """
     Count how many times the provided name appears in the queue.
 
diff --git a/currency-exchange/exchange.py b/currency-exchange/exchange.py
index ee23d07..25025a1 100644
--- a/currency-exchange/exchange.py
+++ b/currency-exchange/exchange.py
@@ -9,8 +9,7 @@
 """
 
 
-def exchange_money(budget: float,
-                   exchange_rate: float) -> float:
+def exchange_money(budget: float, exchange_rate: float) -> float:
     """
     Return the value of the exchanged currency.
 
@@ -24,8 +23,7 @@ def exchange_money(budget: float,
     return budget / exchange_rate
 
 
-def get_change(budget: float,
-               exchanging_value: float) -> float:
+def get_change(budget: float, exchanging_value: float) -> float:
     """
     Return the amount of money that "is left" from the budget.
 
@@ -36,8 +34,7 @@ def get_change(budget: float,
     return budget - exchanging_value  # pylint: disable=R0801
 
 
-def get_value_of_bills(denomination: float,
-                       number_of_bills: float) -> float:
+def get_value_of_bills(denomination: float, number_of_bills: float) -> float:
     """
     Return only the total value of the bills (excluding fractional amounts)
     the booth would give back.
@@ -52,8 +49,7 @@ def get_value_of_bills(denomination: float,
     return denomination * number_of_bills
 
 
-def get_number_of_bills(amount: float,
-                        denomination: int) -> int:
+def get_number_of_bills(amount: float, denomination: int) -> int:
     """
     Return the _number of currency bills_ that you can receive within the given _amount_.
 
@@ -64,8 +60,7 @@ def get_number_of_bills(amount: float,
     return int(amount // denomination)
 
 
-def get_leftover_of_bills(amount: float,
-                          denomination: int) -> float:
+def get_leftover_of_bills(amount: float, denomination: int) -> float:
     """
     Return the _leftover amount_ that cannot be returned from your starting _amount_
     given the denomination of bills.
@@ -78,10 +73,9 @@ def get_leftover_of_bills(amount: float,
 
 
 # pylint: disable=R0801
-def exchangeable_value(budget: float,
-                       exchange_rate: float,
-                       spread: int,
-                       denomination: int) -> int:
+def exchangeable_value(
+    budget: float, exchange_rate: float, spread: int, denomination: int
+) -> int:
     """
     Return the maximum value of the new currency after calculating
     the *exchange rate* plus the *spread*.
diff --git a/ghost-gobble-arcade-game/arcade_game.py b/ghost-gobble-arcade-game/arcade_game.py
index eb5fe64..3cb4bc2 100644
--- a/ghost-gobble-arcade-game/arcade_game.py
+++ b/ghost-gobble-arcade-game/arcade_game.py
@@ -34,9 +34,9 @@ def lose(power_pellet_active: bool, touching_ghost: bool) -> bool:
     return touching_ghost and not power_pellet_active
 
 
-def win(has_eaten_all_dots: bool,
-        power_pellet_active: bool,
-        touching_ghost: bool) -> bool:
+def win(
+    has_eaten_all_dots: bool, power_pellet_active: bool, touching_ghost: bool
+) -> bool:
     """
     Trigger the victory event when all dots have been eaten.
 
diff --git a/grains/grains.py b/grains/grains.py
index 277079e..b86139f 100644
--- a/grains/grains.py
+++ b/grains/grains.py
@@ -31,4 +31,4 @@ def total() -> int:
     :rtype: int
     """
     # return sum(square(sqr) for sqr in range(1, 65))
-    return 2 ** 64 - 1
+    return 2**64 - 1
diff --git a/guidos-gorgeous-lasagna/lasagna.py b/guidos-gorgeous-lasagna/lasagna.py
index 577645a..99722f8 100644
--- a/guidos-gorgeous-lasagna/lasagna.py
+++ b/guidos-gorgeous-lasagna/lasagna.py
@@ -8,7 +8,6 @@
 of a module and its functions and/or classes.
 """
 
-
 EXPECTED_BAKE_TIME: int = 40
 PREPARATION_TIME: int = 2
 
@@ -45,8 +44,7 @@ def preparation_time_in_minutes(number_of_layers: int) -> int:
     return int(PREPARATION_TIME * number_of_layers)
 
 
-def elapsed_time_in_minutes(number_of_layers: int,
-                            elapsed_bake_time: int) -> int:
+def elapsed_time_in_minutes(number_of_layers: int, elapsed_bake_time: int) -> int:
     """
     Calculate elapsed time in minutes.
 
@@ -62,4 +60,5 @@ def elapsed_time_in_minutes(number_of_layers: int,
     :rtype: int
     """
     return preparation_time_in_minutes(number_of_layers=number_of_layers) + (
-            EXPECTED_BAKE_TIME - bake_time_remaining(elapsed_bake_time))
+        EXPECTED_BAKE_TIME - bake_time_remaining(elapsed_bake_time)
+    )
diff --git a/hello-world/hello_world.py b/hello-world/hello_world.py
index 4d0815d..318a3bc 100644
--- a/hello-world/hello_world.py
+++ b/hello-world/hello_world.py
@@ -1,3 +1,3 @@
 # pylint: disable=C0116, C0114
 def hello():
-    return 'Hello, World!'
+    return "Hello, World!"
diff --git a/little-sisters-vocab/strings.py b/little-sisters-vocab/strings.py
index f94c355..419c4a4 100644
--- a/little-sisters-vocab/strings.py
+++ b/little-sisters-vocab/strings.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ def add_prefix_un(word: str) -> str:
     :param word: str - containing the root word.
     :return: str - of root word prepended with 'un'.
     """
-    return f'un{word}'
+    return f"un{word}"
 
 
 def make_word_groups(vocab_words: list[str]) -> str:
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ def make_word_groups(vocab_words: list[str]) -> str:
     For example: list('en', 'close', 'joy', 'lighten'),
     produces the following string: 'en :: enclose :: enjoy :: enlighten'.
     """
-    return f' :: {vocab_words[0]}'.join(vocab_words)
+    return f" :: {vocab_words[0]}".join(vocab_words)
 
 
 def remove_suffix_ness(word: str) -> str:
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ def remove_suffix_ness(word: str) -> str:
 
     For example: "heaviness" becomes "heavy", but "sadness" becomes "sad".
     """
-    return f'{word[:-5]}y' if word[-5] == 'i' else word[:-4]
+    return f"{word[:-5]}y" if word[-5] == "i" else word[:-4]
 
 
 def adjective_to_verb(sentence: str, index: int) -> str:
@@ -53,5 +53,5 @@ def adjective_to_verb(sentence: str, index: int) -> str:
     For example, ("It got dark as the sun set.", 2) becomes "darken".
     """
     words: list[str] = sentence.split()
-    word: str = words[index].strip('.,!?;:')
-    return f'{word}en'
+    word: str = words[index].strip(".,!?;:")
+    return f"{word}en"
diff --git a/making-the-grade/loops.py b/making-the-grade/loops.py
index 06668b7..3889505 100644
--- a/making-the-grade/loops.py
+++ b/making-the-grade/loops.py
@@ -21,8 +21,7 @@ def count_failed_students(student_scores: list) -> int:
     return len([score for score in student_scores if score <= 40.0])  # pylint: disable=R0801
 
 
-def above_threshold(student_scores: list,
-                    threshold: int) -> list:
+def above_threshold(student_scores: list, threshold: int) -> list:
     """
     Filter out above threshold scores.
 
@@ -55,8 +54,7 @@ def letter_grades(highest: int) -> list:
 
 
 # pylint: disable=R0801
-def student_ranking(student_scores: list,
-                    student_names: list) -> list[str]:
+def student_ranking(student_scores: list, student_names: list) -> list[str]:
     """
     Organize the student's rank, name, and grade information in descending order.
 
@@ -64,8 +62,12 @@ def student_ranking(student_scores: list,
     :param student_names: list - of string names by exam score in descending order.
     :return: list - of strings in format ["<rank>. <student name>: <score>"].
     """
-    return [f"{i}. {name}: {score}" for i, score, name in zip(
-        range(1, len(student_scores) + 1), student_scores, student_names)]
+    return [
+        f"{i}. {name}: {score}"
+        for i, score, name in zip(
+            range(1, len(student_scores) + 1), student_scores, student_names
+        )
+    ]
 
 
 # pylint: disable=R0801
diff --git a/meltdown-mitigation/conditionals.py b/meltdown-mitigation/conditionals.py
index 7029096..e26fa94 100644
--- a/meltdown-mitigation/conditionals.py
+++ b/meltdown-mitigation/conditionals.py
@@ -15,7 +15,11 @@ def is_criticality_balanced(temperature, neutrons_emitted) -> bool:
     - The number of neutrons emitted per second is greater than 500.
     - The product of temperature and neutrons emitted per second is less than 500000.
     """
-    return temperature < 800 and neutrons_emitted > 500 and (temperature * neutrons_emitted) < 500000
+    return (
+        temperature < 800
+        and neutrons_emitted > 500
+        and (temperature * neutrons_emitted) < 500000
+    )
 
 
 def reactor_efficiency(voltage, current, theoretical_max_power) -> str:
@@ -39,18 +43,18 @@ def reactor_efficiency(voltage, current, theoretical_max_power) -> str:
     where generated power = voltage * current
     """
     generated_power = voltage * current
-    efficiency = (generated_power/theoretical_max_power)*100
+    efficiency = (generated_power / theoretical_max_power) * 100
 
     if efficiency < 30:
-        return 'black'
+        return "black"
 
     if 30 <= efficiency < 60:
-        return 'red'
+        return "red"
 
     if 60 <= efficiency < 80:
-        return 'orange'
+        return "orange"
 
-    return 'green'
+    return "green"
 
 
 def fail_safe(temperature, neutrons_produced_per_second, threshold) -> str:
@@ -70,9 +74,9 @@ def fail_safe(temperature, neutrons_produced_per_second, threshold) -> str:
     thr_percent = threshold / 100
 
     if thr_percent - 10 <= current_state <= thr_percent + 10:
-        return 'NORMAL'
+        return "NORMAL"
 
     if current_state < thr_percent - 10:
-        return 'LOW'
+        return "LOW"
 
-    return 'DANGER'
+    return "DANGER"
diff --git a/triangle/triangle.py b/triangle/triangle.py
index 6537e75..eefee03 100644
--- a/triangle/triangle.py
+++ b/triangle/triangle.py
@@ -39,9 +39,11 @@ def no_inequality_violation(sides: list) -> bool:
     b + c ≥ a
     a + c ≥ b
     """
-    return (sides[0] + sides[1] >= sides[2] and
-            sides[0] + sides[2] >= sides[1] and
-            sides[2] + sides[1] >= sides[0])
+    return (
+        sides[0] + sides[1] >= sides[2]
+        and sides[0] + sides[2] >= sides[1]
+        and sides[2] + sides[1] >= sides[0]
+    )
 
 
 def all_sides_positive(sides: list) -> bool:

From edebb649a44cc083af6ea2a36ed8311b1ddc925c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Egor Kostan <igorkostan@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 25 Aug 2025 22:27:29 -0700
Subject: [PATCH 6/6] Update ruff.yml

---
 .github/workflows/ruff.yml | 6 +++++-
 1 file changed, 5 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-)

diff --git a/.github/workflows/ruff.yml b/.github/workflows/ruff.yml
index f01a2a3..f493ef7 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ruff.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ruff.yml
@@ -1,6 +1,10 @@
 name: Ruff Lint and Format
 
-on: [push, pull_request]
+on:
+  push:
+    branches: [ main ]
+  pull_request:
+    branches: [ main ]
 
 jobs:
   ruff: