diff --git a/solutions/python/spiral-matrix/1/spiral_matrix.py b/solutions/python/spiral-matrix/1/spiral_matrix.py
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+++ b/solutions/python/spiral-matrix/1/spiral_matrix.py
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+"""
+Generate a square spiral matrix.
+
+The matrix is filled with natural numbers starting at 1 in the top-left
+corner and increasing in an inward, clockwise spiral order.
+
+This module exposes a public function to build the spiral and some
+internal helpers used to track direction and position.
+"""
+
+DIRECTIONS: dict = {
+    "right": {"row": 0, "col": 1},
+    "left": {"row": 0, "col": -1},
+    "up": {"row": -1, "col": 0},
+    "down": {"row": 1, "col": 0},
+}
+
+
+def spiral_matrix(size: int) -> list:
+    """
+    Build a square matrix filled in clockwise spiral order.
+
+    :param size: The dimension of the square matrix to generate. Must be a
+                 non-negative integer. A size of 0 returns an empty list.
+    :return: A two-dimensional list representing the spiral matrix of shape
+            ``size x size``. Each cell contains a natural number starting at
+            1 and increasing as the spiral proceeds clockwise inward.
+    """
+    # Set initial data
+    result: list = _create_zero_matrix(size)
+    num: int = 1
+    max_num: int = size * size
+    direction: str = "right"
+    x_y: list = [0, 0]
+
+    # Create a square matrix
+    while num <= max_num:
+        result[x_y[0]][x_y[1]] = num
+        direction = _set_direction(direction, result, x_y, size)
+        x_y = _set_x_y(x_y, direction)
+        num += 1
+
+    return result
+
+
+def _set_x_y(x_y: list, direction: str) -> list:
+    """
+    Advance the current coordinates by one step in the given direction.
+
+    :param x_y: Current position as ``[row, col]`` which will be mutated and
+                returned.
+    :param direction: One of ``{"right", "left", "up", "down"}``.
+    :return: The updated ``[row, col]`` coordinates after moving one step.
+    """
+    x_y[0] += DIRECTIONS[direction]["row"]
+    x_y[1] += DIRECTIONS[direction]["col"]
+    return x_y
+
+
+def _set_direction(direction: str, result: list, x_y: list, size: int) -> str:
+    """
+    Determine the next movement direction based on bounds and visited cells.
+
+    :param direction: Current direction: one of ``{"right", "left", "up", "down"}``.
+    :param result: The current matrix being filled; zeros denote unvisited cells.
+    :param x_y: Current coordinates as ``[row, col]``.
+    :param size: Dimension of the square matrix.
+    :return: The direction to move next so that the spiral proceeds without
+             leaving bounds or revisiting filled cells.
+    """
+    row, col = x_y
+    if direction == "right":
+        if col + 1 < size and result[row][col + 1] == 0:
+            return "right"
+        return "down"
+
+    if direction == "down":
+        if row + 1 < size and result[row + 1][col] == 0:
+            return "down"
+        return "left"
+
+    if direction == "up":
+        if row - 1 >= 0 and result[row - 1][col] == 0:
+            return "up"
+        return "right"
+
+    if direction == "left":
+        if col - 1 >= 0 and result[row][col - 1] == 0:
+            return "left"
+        return "up"
+
+
+def _create_zero_matrix(size: int) -> list:
+    """
+    Create a square matrix of zeros.
+
+    :param size: The dimension of the matrix to create.
+    :return: A two-dimensional list of shape ``size x size`` filled with zeros.
+    """
+    result: list = []
+
+    for row in range(size):
+        result.append([0] * size)
+
+    return result