diff --git a/solutions/python/pig-latin/16/pig_latin.py b/solutions/python/pig-latin/16/pig_latin.py
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+"""
+The task is to translate text from English to Pig Latin.
+The translation is defined using four rules, which look at the pattern
+of vowels and consonants at the beginning of a word. These rules look
+at each word's use of vowels and consonants:
+
+vowels: the letters a, e, i, o, and u
+consonants: the other 21 letters of the English alphabet
+"""
+
+
+def translate(text: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Translate English text to Pig Latin.
+
+    :param text: The English text to translate
+    :return: The text translated to Pig Latin
+    """
+    words: list[str] = text.split(" ")
+    return " ".join(process_word(word) for word in words)
+
+
+def process_word(text: str) -> str:
+    """
+    Process a single word and convert it to Pig Latin using
+    the four translation rules.
+
+    :param text: The English word to convert
+    :return: The word converted to Pig Latin
+    """
+    if not text:
+        return ""
+
+    text_lower: str = text.lower()
+
+    # Rule 1
+    if is_vowel(text_lower[0]) or text_lower[:2] in ("xr", "yt"):
+        # If a word begins with a vowel,
+        # or starts with "xr" or "yt",
+        # add an "ay" sound to the end of the word.
+        return f"{text}ay"
+
+    # Rule 3
+    if is_rule_3(text_lower):
+        # If a word starts with zero or more consonants followed by "qu",
+        # first move those consonants (if any) and the "qu" part to the
+        # end of the word, and then add an "ay" sound to the end of the word.
+        i = text_lower.index("qu")
+        return f"{text[i + 2 :]}{text[: i + 2]}ay"
+
+    # Rule 4
+    if is_rule_4(text_lower):
+        # If a word starts with one or more consonants followed by "y",
+        # first move the consonants preceding the "y" to the end of the
+        # word, and then add an "ay" sound to the end of the word.
+        i = text_lower.index("y")
+        return f"{text[i:]}{text[:i]}ay"
+
+    # Rule 2
+    if not is_vowel(text_lower[0]):
+        # If a word begins with one or more consonants, first move those
+        # consonants to the end of the word and then add an "ay" sound
+        # to the end of the word.
+        i = get_consonant_cluster_index(text_lower)
+        return f"{text[i + 1 :]}{text[: i + 1]}ay"
+
+    raise ValueError(f"Unhandled word in Pig Latin translation: '{text}'")
+
+
+def is_rule_3(text: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Check if a word starts with zero or more consonants followed by "qu".
+
+    :param text: The word to check
+    :return: True if the word matches the pattern, False otherwise
+    """
+    if "qu" in text:
+        qu_indx: int = text.index("qu")
+        return all(not is_vowel(char) for char in text[: qu_indx])
+    return False
+
+
+def is_rule_4(text: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Check if a word starts with one or more consonants followed by "y".
+
+    :param text: The word to check
+    :return: True if the word matches the pattern, False otherwise
+    """
+    if "y" in text and text[0] != "y":
+        y_indx: int = text.index("y")
+        return all(not is_vowel(char) for char in text[: y_indx])
+    return False
+
+
+def is_vowel(char: str) -> bool:
+    """
+    Check if a character is a vowel (a, e, i, o, or u).
+
+    :param char: The character to check
+    :return: True if the character is a vowel, False otherwise
+    """
+    return char in "aeiou"
+
+
+def get_consonant_cluster_index(text: str) -> int:
+    """
+    Find the index of the last consonant in the initial consonant cluster.
+
+    :param text: The word to analyze
+    :return: The index of the last consonant in the initial consonant cluster
+    """
+    index: int = 0
+    for i, char in enumerate(text):
+        if not is_vowel(char):
+            index = i
+        else:
+            break
+
+    return index