Add static analysis to repository

[patkenneally]

Describe your use case
The code standards of this project should be mandated and checked. One of a suite of ways to do this is to add a static analysis workflow to CI runs on PR. The rules that are applied can vary across the code base. An initial suggestion is to apply one stricter set of rules to flight software algorithms (in principle you're going to put them on your spacecraft!) than the rest of the project.

Describe alternatives solutions you've considered
Rather than other solutions there are other techniques to support code quality and safety.

Additional context
None