shell.py

# Copyright 2012 OpenStack Foundation.
# All Rights Reserved
#
#    Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may
#    not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain
#    a copy of the License at
#
#         http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
#    Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
#    distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT
#    WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
#    License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations
#    under the License.
#

"""
Command-line interface to the Tacker APIs
"""

from __future__ import print_function

import argparse
import getpass
import inspect
import itertools
import logging
import os
import sys

from keystoneclient.auth.identity import v2 as v2_auth
from keystoneclient.auth.identity import v3 as v3_auth
from keystoneclient import discover
from keystoneclient import exceptions as ks_exc
from keystoneclient import session
from oslo_utils import encodeutils
import six.moves.urllib.parse as urlparse

from cliff import app
from cliff import commandmanager

from tackerclient.common import clientmanager
from tackerclient.common import command as openstack_command
from tackerclient.common import exceptions as exc
from tackerclient.common import extension as client_extension
from tackerclient.common import utils
from tackerclient.i18n import _
from tackerclient.tacker.v1_0.events import events
from tackerclient.tacker.v1_0 import extension
from tackerclient.tacker.v1_0.nfvo import vim
from tackerclient.tacker.v1_0.nfvo import vnfcluster
from tackerclient.tacker.v1_0.nfvo import vnffg
from tackerclient.tacker.v1_0.nfvo import vnffgd
from tackerclient.tacker.v1_0.vm import vnf
from tackerclient.tacker.v1_0.vm import vnfd
from tackerclient.version import __version__


VERSION = '1.0'
TACKER_API_VERSION = '1.0'


def run_command(cmd, cmd_parser, sub_argv):
    _argv = sub_argv
    index = -1
    values_specs = []
    if '--' in sub_argv:
        index = sub_argv.index('--')
        _argv = sub_argv[:index]
        values_specs = sub_argv[index:]
    known_args, _values_specs = cmd_parser.parse_known_args(_argv)
    cmd.values_specs = (index == -1 and _values_specs or values_specs)
    return cmd.run(known_args)


def env(*_vars, **kwargs):
    """Search for the first defined of possibly many env vars.

    Returns the first environment variable defined in vars, or
    returns the default defined in kwargs.

    """
    for v in _vars:
        value = os.environ.get(v, None)
        if value:
            return value
    return kwargs.get('default', '')


def check_non_negative_int(value):
    try:
        value = int(value)
    except ValueError:
        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(_("invalid int value: %r") % value)
    if value < 0:
        raise argparse.ArgumentTypeError(_("input value %d is negative") %
                                         value)
    return value


class BashCompletionCommand(openstack_command.OpenStackCommand):
    """Prints all of the commands and options for bash-completion."""
    resource = "bash_completion"

COMMAND_V1 = {
    'bash-completion': BashCompletionCommand,
    'ext-list': extension.ListExt,
    'ext-show': extension.ShowExt,

    # MANO lingo
    'vnfd-create': vnfd.CreateVNFD,
    'vnfd-delete': vnfd.DeleteVNFD,
    'vnfd-list': vnfd.ListVNFD,
    'vnfd-show': vnfd.ShowVNFD,
    'vnfd-template-show': vnfd.ShowTemplateVNFD,

    'vnf-create': vnf.CreateVNF,
    'vnf-update': vnf.UpdateVNF,
    'vnf-delete': vnf.DeleteVNF,
    'vnf-list': vnf.ListVNF,
    'vnf-show': vnf.ShowVNF,
    'vnf-scale': vnf.ScaleVNF,
    'vnf-resource-list': vnf.ListVNFResources,
    # 'vnf-config-create'
    # 'vnf-config-push'

    'vim-register': vim.CreateVIM,
    'vim-update': vim.UpdateVIM,
    'vim-delete': vim.DeleteVIM,
    'vim-list': vim.ListVIM,
    'vim-show': vim.ShowVIM,

    'events-list': events.ListResourceEvents,
    'event-show': events.ShowEvent,
    'vnf-events-list': events.ListVNFEvents,
    'vim-events-list': events.ListVIMEvents,
    'vnfd-events-list': events.ListVNFDEvents,

    'vnffgd-create': vnffgd.CreateVNFFGD,
    'vnffgd-delete': vnffgd.DeleteVNFFGD,
    'vnffgd-list': vnffgd.ListVNFFGD,
    'vnffgd-show': vnffgd.ShowVNFFGD,
    'vnffgd-template-show': vnffgd.ShowTemplateVNFFGD,

    'vnffg-create': vnffg.CreateVNFFG,
    'vnffg-delete': vnffg.DeleteVNFFG,
    'vnffg-list': vnffg.ListVNFFG,
    'vnffg-show': vnffg.ShowVNFFG,
    'vnffg-update': vnffg.UpdateVNFFG,

    'nfp-list': vnffg.ListNFP,
    'nfp-show': vnffg.ShowNFP,

    'chain-list': vnffg.ListSFC,
    'chain-show': vnffg.ShowSFC,

    'classifier-list': vnffg.ListFC,
    'classifier-show': vnffg.ShowFC,

    'vnf-cluster create': vnfcluster.CreateCluster,
    'vnf-cluster delete': vnfcluster.DeleteCluster,
    'vnf-cluster list': vnfcluster.ListCluster,
    'vnf-cluster show': vnfcluster.ShowCluster,

    'vnf-cluster member add': vnfcluster.AddClusterMember,
    'vnf-cluster member show': vnfcluster.ShowClusterMember,
    'vnf-cluster member list': vnfcluster.ListClusterMember,
    'vnf-cluster member update': vnfcluster.UpdateClusterMember,
    'vnf-cluster member delete': vnfcluster.DeleteClusterMember,
}

COMMANDS = {'1.0': COMMAND_V1}


class HelpAction(argparse.Action):
    """Provides a custom action for the -h and --help options.

    The commands are determined by checking the CommandManager
    instance, passed in as the "default" value for the action.

    :returns: a list of the commands
    """
    def __call__(self, parser, namespace, values, option_string=None):
        outputs = []
        max_len = 0
        app = self.default
        parser.print_help(app.stdout)
        app.stdout.write(_('\nCommands for API v%s:\n') % app.api_version)
        command_manager = app.command_manager
        for name, ep in sorted(command_manager):
            factory = ep.load()
            cmd = factory(self, None)
            one_liner = cmd.get_description().split('\n')[0]
            outputs.append((name, one_liner))
            max_len = max(len(name), max_len)
        for (name, one_liner) in outputs:
            app.stdout.write('  %s  %s\n' % (name.ljust(max_len), one_liner))
        sys.exit(0)


class TackerShell(app.App):

    # verbose logging levels
    WARNING_LEVEL = 0
    INFO_LEVEL = 1
    DEBUG_LEVEL = 2
    CONSOLE_MESSAGE_FORMAT = '%(message)s'
    DEBUG_MESSAGE_FORMAT = '%(levelname)s: %(name)s %(message)s'
    log = logging.getLogger(__name__)

    def __init__(self, apiversion):
        super(TackerShell, self).__init__(
            description=__doc__.strip(),
            version=VERSION,
            command_manager=commandmanager.CommandManager('tacker.cli'), )
        self.commands = COMMANDS
        for k, v in self.commands[apiversion].items():
            self.command_manager.add_command(k, v)

        self._register_extensions(VERSION)

        # Pop the 'complete' to correct the outputs of 'tacker help'.
        self.command_manager.commands.pop('complete')

        # This is instantiated in initialize_app() only when using
        # password flow auth
        self.auth_client = None
        self.api_version = apiversion

    def build_option_parser(self, description, version):
        """Return an argparse option parser for this application.

        Subclasses may override this method to extend
        the parser with more global options.

        :param description: full description of the application
        :paramtype description: str
        :param version: version number for the application
        :paramtype version: str
        """
        parser = argparse.ArgumentParser(
            description=description,
            add_help=False, )
        parser.add_argument(
            '--version',
            action='version',
            version=__version__, )
        parser.add_argument(
            '-v', '--verbose', '--debug',
            action='count',
            dest='verbose_level',
            default=self.DEFAULT_VERBOSE_LEVEL,
            help=_('Increase verbosity of output and show tracebacks on'
                   ' errors. You can repeat this option.'))
        parser.add_argument(
            '-q', '--quiet',
            action='store_const',
            dest='verbose_level',
            const=0,
            help=_('Suppress output except warnings and errors.'))
        parser.add_argument(
            '-h', '--help',
            action=HelpAction,
            nargs=0,
            default=self,  # tricky
            help=_("Show this help message and exit."))
        parser.add_argument(
            '-r', '--retries',
            metavar="NUM",
            type=check_non_negative_int,
            default=0,
            help=_("How many times the request to the Tacker server should "
                   "be retried if it fails."))
        # FIXME(bklei): this method should come from python-keystoneclient
        self._append_global_identity_args(parser)

        return parser

    def _append_global_identity_args(self, parser):
        # FIXME(bklei): these are global identity (Keystone) arguments which
        # should be consistent and shared by all service clients. Therefore,
        # they should be provided by python-keystoneclient. We will need to
        # refactor this code once this functionality is available in
        # python-keystoneclient.
        #
        # Note: At that time we'll need to decide if we can just abandon
        #       the deprecated args (--service-type and --endpoint-type).

        parser.add_argument(
            '--os-service-type', metavar='<os-service-type>',
            default=env('OS_TACKER_SERVICE_TYPE',
                        default='nfv-orchestration'),
            help=_('Defaults to env[OS_TACKER_SERVICE_TYPE] or \
                    nfv-orchestration.'))

        parser.add_argument(
            '--os-endpoint-type', metavar='<os-endpoint-type>',
            default=env('OS_ENDPOINT_TYPE', default='publicURL'),
            help=_('Defaults to env[OS_ENDPOINT_TYPE] or publicURL.'))

        # FIXME(bklei): --service-type is deprecated but kept in for
        # backward compatibility.
        parser.add_argument(
            '--service-type', metavar='<service-type>',
            default=env('OS_TACKER_SERVICE_TYPE',
                        default='nfv-orchestration'),
            help=_('DEPRECATED! Use --os-service-type.'))

        # FIXME(bklei): --endpoint-type is deprecated but kept in for
        # backward compatibility.
        parser.add_argument(
            '--endpoint-type', metavar='<endpoint-type>',
            default=env('OS_ENDPOINT_TYPE', default='publicURL'),
            help=_('DEPRECATED! Use --os-endpoint-type.'))

        parser.add_argument(
            '--os-auth-strategy', metavar='<auth-strategy>',
            default=env('OS_AUTH_STRATEGY', default='keystone'),
            help=_('DEPRECATED! Only keystone is supported.'))

        parser.add_argument(
            '--os_auth_strategy',
            help=argparse.SUPPRESS)

        parser.add_argument(
            '--os-auth-url', metavar='<auth-url>',
            default=env('OS_AUTH_URL'),
            help=_('Authentication URL, defaults to env[OS_AUTH_URL].'))
        parser.add_argument(
            '--os_auth_url',
            help=argparse.SUPPRESS)

        project_name_group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
        project_name_group.add_argument(
            '--os-tenant-name', metavar='<auth-tenant-name>',
            default=env('OS_TENANT_NAME'),
            help=_('Authentication tenant name, defaults to '
                   'env[OS_TENANT_NAME].'))
        project_name_group.add_argument(
            '--os-project-name',
            metavar='<auth-project-name>',
            default=utils.env('OS_PROJECT_NAME'),
            help='Another way to specify tenant name. '
                 'This option is mutually exclusive with '
                 ' --os-tenant-name. '
                 'Defaults to env[OS_PROJECT_NAME].')

        parser.add_argument(
            '--os_tenant_name',
            help=argparse.SUPPRESS)

        project_id_group = parser.add_mutually_exclusive_group()
        project_id_group.add_argument(
            '--os-tenant-id', metavar='<auth-tenant-id>',
            default=env('OS_TENANT_ID'),
            help=_('Authentication tenant ID, defaults to '
                   'env[OS_TENANT_ID].'))
        project_id_group.add_argument(
            '--os-project-id',
            metavar='<auth-project-id>',
            default=utils.env('OS_PROJECT_ID'),
            help='Another way to specify tenant ID. '
            'This option is mutually exclusive with '
            ' --os-tenant-id. '
            'Defaults to env[OS_PROJECT_ID].')

        parser.add_argument(
            '--os-username', metavar='<auth-username>',
            default=utils.env('OS_USERNAME'),
            help=_('Authentication username, defaults to env[OS_USERNAME].'))
        parser.add_argument(
            '--os_username',
            help=argparse.SUPPRESS)

        parser.add_argument(
            '--os-user-id', metavar='<auth-user-id>',
            default=env('OS_USER_ID'),
            help=_('Authentication user ID (Env: OS_USER_ID)'))

        parser.add_argument(
            '--os_user_id',
            help=argparse.SUPPRESS)

        parser.add_argument(
            '--os-user-domain-id',
            metavar='<auth-user-domain-id>',
            default=utils.env('OS_USER_DOMAIN_ID'),
            help='OpenStack user domain ID. '
            'Defaults to env[OS_USER_DOMAIN_ID].')

        parser.add_argument(
            '--os_user_domain_id',
            help=argparse.SUPPRESS)

        parser.add_argument(
            '--os-user-domain-name',
            metavar='<auth-user-domain-name>',
            default=utils.env('OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME'),
            help='OpenStack user domain name. '
                 'Defaults to env[OS_USER_DOMAIN_NAME].')

        parser.add_argument(
            '--os_user_domain_name',
            help=argparse.SUPPRESS)

        parser.add_argument(
            '--os_project_id',
            help=argparse.SUPPRESS)

        parser.add_argument(
            '--os_project_name',
            help=argparse.SUPPRESS)

        parser.add_argument(
            '--os-project-domain-id',
            metavar='<auth-project-domain-id>',
            default=utils.env('OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_ID'),
            help='Defaults to env[OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_ID].')

        parser.add_argument(
            '--os-project-domain-name',
            metavar='<auth-project-domain-name>',
            default=utils.env('OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME'),
            help='Defaults to env[OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME].')

        parser.add_argument(
            '--os-cert',
            metavar='<certificate>',
            default=utils.env('OS_CERT'),
            help=_("Path of certificate file to use in SSL "
                   "connection. This file can optionally be "
                   "prepended with the private key. Defaults "
                   "to env[OS_CERT]."))

        parser.add_argument(
            '--os-cacert',
            metavar='<ca-certificate>',
            default=env('OS_CACERT', default=None),
            help=_("Specify a CA bundle file to use in "
                   "verifying a TLS (https) server certificate. "
                   "Defaults to env[OS_CACERT]."))

        parser.add_argument(
            '--os-key',
            metavar='<key>',
            default=utils.env('OS_KEY'),
            help=_("Path of client key to use in SSL "
                   "connection. This option is not necessary "
                   "if your key is prepended to your certificate "
                   "file. Defaults to env[OS_KEY]."))

        parser.add_argument(
            '--os-password', metavar='<auth-password>',
            default=utils.env('OS_PASSWORD'),
            help=_('Authentication password, defaults to env[OS_PASSWORD].'))
        parser.add_argument(
            '--os_password',
            help=argparse.SUPPRESS)

        parser.add_argument(
            '--os-region-name', metavar='<auth-region-name>',
            default=env('OS_REGION_NAME'),
            help=_('Authentication region name, defaults to '
                   'env[OS_REGION_NAME].'))
        parser.add_argument(
            '--os_region_name',
            help=argparse.SUPPRESS)

        parser.add_argument(
            '--os-token', metavar='<token>',
            default=env('OS_TOKEN'),
            help=_('Authentication token, defaults to env[OS_TOKEN].'))
        parser.add_argument(
            '--os_token',
            help=argparse.SUPPRESS)

        parser.add_argument(
            '--http-timeout', metavar='<seconds>',
            default=env('OS_NETWORK_TIMEOUT', default=None), type=float,
            help=_('Timeout in seconds to wait for an HTTP response. Defaults '
                   'to env[OS_NETWORK_TIMEOUT] or None if not specified.'))

        parser.add_argument(
            '--os-url', metavar='<url>',
            default=env('OS_URL'),
            help=_('Defaults to env[OS_URL].'))
        parser.add_argument(
            '--os_url',
            help=argparse.SUPPRESS)

        parser.add_argument(
            '--insecure',
            action='store_true',
            default=env('TACKERCLIENT_INSECURE', default=False),
            help=_("Explicitly allow tackerclient to perform \"insecure\" "
                   "SSL (https) requests. The server's certificate will "
                   "not be verified against any certificate authorities. "
                   "This option should be used with caution."))

    def _bash_completion(self):
        """Prints all of the commands and options for bash-completion."""
        commands = set()
        options = set()
        for option, _action in self.parser._option_string_actions.items():
            options.add(option)
        for command_name, command in self.command_manager:
            commands.add(command_name)
            cmd_factory = command.load()
            cmd = cmd_factory(self, None)
            cmd_parser = cmd.get_parser('')
            for option, _action in cmd_parser._option_string_actions.items():
                options.add(option)
        print(' '.join(commands | options))

    def _register_extensions(self, version):
        for name, module in itertools.chain(
                client_extension._discover_via_entry_points()):
            self._extend_shell_commands(module, version)

    def _extend_shell_commands(self, module, version):
        classes = inspect.getmembers(module, inspect.isclass)
        for cls_name, cls in classes:
            if (issubclass(cls, client_extension.TackerClientExtension) and
                    hasattr(cls, 'shell_command')):
                cmd = cls.shell_command
                if hasattr(cls, 'versions'):
                    if version not in cls.versions:
                        continue
                try:
                    self.command_manager.add_command(cmd, cls)
                    self.commands[version][cmd] = cls
                except TypeError:
                    pass

    def run(self, argv):
        """Equivalent to the main program for the application.

        :param argv: input arguments and options
        :paramtype argv: list of str
        """
        try:
            index = 0
            command_pos = -1
            help_pos = -1
            help_command_pos = -1
            for arg in argv:
                if arg == 'bash-completion' and help_command_pos == -1:
                    self._bash_completion()
                    return 0
                if arg in self.commands[self.api_version]:
                    if command_pos == -1:
                        command_pos = index
                elif arg in ('-h', '--help'):
                    if help_pos == -1:
                        help_pos = index
                elif arg == 'help':
                    if help_command_pos == -1:
                        help_command_pos = index
                index = index + 1
            if command_pos > -1 and help_pos > command_pos:
                argv = ['help', argv[command_pos]]
            if help_command_pos > -1 and command_pos == -1:
                argv[help_command_pos] = '--help'
            self.options, remainder = self.parser.parse_known_args(argv)
            self.configure_logging()
            self.interactive_mode = not remainder
            self.initialize_app(remainder)
        except Exception as err:
            if self.options.verbose_level >= self.DEBUG_LEVEL:
                self.log.exception(err)
                raise
            else:
                self.log.error(err)
            return 1
        if self.interactive_mode:
            _argv = [sys.argv[0]]
            sys.argv = _argv
            return self.interact()
        return self.run_subcommand(remainder)

    def run_subcommand(self, argv):
        subcommand = self.command_manager.find_command(argv)
        cmd_factory, cmd_name, sub_argv = subcommand
        cmd = cmd_factory(self, self.options)
        try:
            self.prepare_to_run_command(cmd)
            full_name = (cmd_name
                         if self.interactive_mode
                         else ' '.join([self.NAME, cmd_name])
                         )
            cmd_parser = cmd.get_parser(full_name)
            return run_command(cmd, cmd_parser, sub_argv)
        except Exception as e:
            if self.options.verbose_level >= self.DEBUG_LEVEL:
                self.log.exception("%s", e)
                raise
            self.log.error("%s", e)
        return 1

    def authenticate_user(self):
        """Authentication validation.

        Make sure the user has provided all of the authentication
        info we need.
        """
        if self.options.os_auth_strategy == 'keystone':
            if self.options.os_token or self.options.os_url:
                # Token flow auth takes priority
                if not self.options.os_token:
                    raise exc.CommandError(
                        _("You must provide a token via"
                          " either --os-token or env[OS_TOKEN]"
                          " when providing a service URL"))

                if not self.options.os_url:
                    raise exc.CommandError(
                        _("You must provide a service URL via"
                          " either --os-url or env[OS_URL]"
                          " when providing a token"))

            else:
                # Validate password flow auth
                project_info = (self.options.os_tenant_name or
                                self.options.os_tenant_id or
                                (self.options.os_project_name and
                                    (self.options.os_project_domain_name or
                                     self.options.os_project_domain_id)) or
                                self.options.os_project_id)

                if (not self.options.os_username
                        and not self.options.os_user_id):
                    raise exc.CommandError(
                        _("You must provide a username or user ID via"
                          "  --os-username, env[OS_USERNAME] or"
                          "  --os-user-id, env[OS_USER_ID]"))

                if not self.options.os_password:
                    # No password, If we've got a tty, try prompting for it
                    if hasattr(sys.stdin, 'isatty') and sys.stdin.isatty():
                        # Check for Ctl-D
                        try:
                            self.options.os_password = getpass.getpass(
                                'OS Password: ')
                        except EOFError:
                            pass
                    # No password because we didn't have a tty or the
                    # user Ctl-D when prompted.
                    if not self.options.os_password:
                        raise exc.CommandError(
                            _("You must provide a password via"
                              " either --os-password or env[OS_PASSWORD]"))

                if (not project_info):
                    # tenent is deprecated in Keystone v3. Use the latest
                    # terminology instead.
                    raise exc.CommandError(
                        _("You must provide a project_id or project_name ("
                          "with project_domain_name or project_domain_id) "
                          "via "
                          "  --os-project-id (env[OS_PROJECT_ID])"
                          "  --os-project-name (env[OS_PROJECT_NAME]),"
                          "  --os-project-domain-id "
                          "(env[OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_ID])"
                          "  --os-project-domain-name "
                          "(env[OS_PROJECT_DOMAIN_NAME])"))

                if not self.options.os_auth_url:
                    raise exc.CommandError(
                        _("You must provide an auth url via"
                          " either --os-auth-url or via env[OS_AUTH_URL]"))
            auth_session = self._get_keystone_session()
            auth = auth_session.auth
        else:   # not keystone
            if not self.options.os_url:
                raise exc.CommandError(
                    _("You must provide a service URL via"
                      " either --os-url or env[OS_URL]"))
            auth_session = None
            auth = None

        self.client_manager = clientmanager.ClientManager(
            token=self.options.os_token,
            url=self.options.os_url,
            auth_url=self.options.os_auth_url,
            tenant_name=self.options.os_tenant_name,
            tenant_id=self.options.os_tenant_id,
            username=self.options.os_username,
            user_id=self.options.os_user_id,
            password=self.options.os_password,
            region_name=self.options.os_region_name,
            api_version=self.api_version,
            auth_strategy=self.options.os_auth_strategy,
            # FIXME (bklei) honor deprecated service_type and
            # endpoint type until they are removed
            service_type=self.options.os_service_type or
            self.options.service_type,
            endpoint_type=self.options.os_endpoint_type or self.endpoint_type,
            insecure=self.options.insecure,
            ca_cert=self.options.os_cacert,
            timeout=self.options.http_timeout,
            retries=self.options.retries,
            raise_errors=False,
            session=auth_session,
            auth=auth,
            log_credentials=True)
        return

    def initialize_app(self, argv):
        """Global app init bits:

        * set up API versions
        * validate authentication info
        """

        super(TackerShell, self).initialize_app(argv)

        self.api_version = {'nfv-orchestration':
                            self.api_version}

        # If the user is not asking for help, make sure they
        # have given us auth.
        cmd_name = None
        if argv:
            cmd_info = self.command_manager.find_command(argv)
            cmd_factory, cmd_name, sub_argv = cmd_info
        if self.interactive_mode or cmd_name != 'help':
            self.authenticate_user()

    def configure_logging(self):
        """Create logging handlers for any log output."""
        root_logger = logging.getLogger('')

        # Set up logging to a file
        root_logger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

        # Send higher-level messages to the console via stderr
        console = logging.StreamHandler(self.stderr)
        console_level = {self.WARNING_LEVEL: logging.WARNING,
                         self.INFO_LEVEL: logging.INFO,
                         self.DEBUG_LEVEL: logging.DEBUG,
                         }.get(self.options.verbose_level, logging.DEBUG)
        # The default log level is INFO, in this situation, set the
        # log level of the console to WARNING, to avoid displaying
        # useless messages. This equals using "--quiet"
        if console_level == logging.INFO:
            console.setLevel(logging.WARNING)
        else:
            console.setLevel(console_level)
        if logging.DEBUG == console_level:
            formatter = logging.Formatter(self.DEBUG_MESSAGE_FORMAT)
        else:
            formatter = logging.Formatter(self.CONSOLE_MESSAGE_FORMAT)
        logging.getLogger('iso8601.iso8601').setLevel(logging.WARNING)
        logging.getLogger('urllib3.connectionpool').setLevel(logging.WARNING)
        console.setFormatter(formatter)
        root_logger.addHandler(console)
        return

    def get_v2_auth(self, v2_auth_url):
        return v2_auth.Password(
            v2_auth_url,
            username=self.options.os_username,
            password=self.options.os_password,
            tenant_id=self.options.os_tenant_id,
            tenant_name=self.options.os_tenant_name)

    def get_v3_auth(self, v3_auth_url):
        project_id = self.options.os_project_id or self.options.os_tenant_id
        project_name = (self.options.os_project_name or
                        self.options.os_tenant_name)

        return v3_auth.Password(
            v3_auth_url,
            username=self.options.os_username,
            password=self.options.os_password,
            user_id=self.options.os_user_id,
            user_domain_name=self.options.os_user_domain_name,
            user_domain_id=self.options.os_user_domain_id,
            project_id=project_id,
            project_name=project_name,
            project_domain_name=self.options.os_project_domain_name,
            project_domain_id=self.options.os_project_domain_id
        )

    def _discover_auth_versions(self, session, auth_url):
        # discover the API versions the server is supporting base on the
        # given URL
        try:
            ks_discover = discover.Discover(session=session, auth_url=auth_url)
            return (ks_discover.url_for('2.0'), ks_discover.url_for('3.0'))
        except ks_exc.ClientException:
            # Identity service may not support discover API version.
            # Lets try to figure out the API version from the original URL.
            url_parts = urlparse.urlparse(auth_url)
            (scheme, netloc, path, params, query, fragment) = url_parts
            path = path.lower()
            if path.startswith('/v3'):
                return (None, auth_url)
            elif path.startswith('/v2'):
                return (auth_url, None)
            else:
                # not enough information to determine the auth version
                msg = _('Unable to determine the Keystone version '
                        'to authenticate with using the given '
                        'auth_url. Identity service may not support API '
                        'version discovery. Please provide a versioned '
                        'auth_url instead.')
                raise exc.CommandError(msg)

    def _get_keystone_session(self):
        # first create a Keystone session
        cacert = self.options.os_cacert or None
        cert = self.options.os_cert or None
        key = self.options.os_key or None
        insecure = self.options.insecure or False
        ks_session = session.Session.construct(dict(cacert=cacert,
                                                    cert=cert,
                                                    key=key,
                                                    insecure=insecure))
        # discover the supported keystone versions using the given url
        (v2_auth_url, v3_auth_url) = self._discover_auth_versions(
            session=ks_session,
            auth_url=self.options.os_auth_url)

        # Determine which authentication plugin to use. First inspect the
        # auth_url to see the supported version. If both v3 and v2 are
        # supported, then use the highest version if possible.
        user_domain_name = self.options.os_user_domain_name or None
        user_domain_id = self.options.os_user_domain_id or None
        project_domain_name = self.options.os_project_domain_name or None
        project_domain_id = self.options.os_project_domain_id or None
        domain_info = (user_domain_name or user_domain_id or
                       project_domain_name or project_domain_id)

        if (v2_auth_url and not domain_info) or not v3_auth_url:
            ks_session.auth = self.get_v2_auth(v2_auth_url)
        else:
            ks_session.auth = self.get_v3_auth(v3_auth_url)

        return ks_session


def main(argv=sys.argv[1:]):
    try:
        return TackerShell(TACKER_API_VERSION).run(
            list(map(encodeutils.safe_decode, argv)))
    except KeyboardInterrupt:
        print("... terminating tacker client", file=sys.stderr)
        return 130
    except exc.TackerClientException:
        return 1
    except Exception as e:
        print(e)
        return 1


if __name__ == "__main__":
    sys.exit(main(sys.argv[1:]))