|
| 1 | +--- |
| 2 | +category: Server |
| 3 | +tags: |
| 4 | + - Full Stack |
| 5 | +date: 2024-12-07 |
| 6 | +title: 全栈项目从上线、部署到运维 |
| 7 | +vssue-title: 全栈项目从上线、部署到运维 |
| 8 | +--- |
| 9 | + |
| 10 | +本文主要记录了全栈项目上线、部署、运维的整个流程,仅供参考 |
| 11 | + |
| 12 | +<!-- more --> |
| 13 | + |
| 14 | +## 基本信息 |
| 15 | + |
| 16 | +### 项目选型 |
| 17 | +- React |
| 18 | +- NestJS |
| 19 | +- MySQL |
| 20 | + |
| 21 | +### 服务器 |
| 22 | +- 阿里云 ECS |
| 23 | +- Debain 10.13 |
| 24 | + |
| 25 | +## 环境安装 |
| 26 | + |
| 27 | +### Git |
| 28 | +安装 git: |
| 29 | +```bash |
| 30 | +sudo apt update |
| 31 | +sudo apt install git |
| 32 | +``` |
| 33 | + |
| 34 | +生成 ssh key 后配置到 Github 中: |
| 35 | +```bash |
| 36 | +ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -C "[email protected]" |
| 37 | +``` |
| 38 | + |
| 39 | +### MySQL |
| 40 | +下载 MySQL 5.7,或者前往[官网](https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/)寻找合适的版本: |
| 41 | +```bash |
| 42 | +curl -OL https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/get/p/23/file/mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz |
| 43 | +``` |
| 44 | + |
| 45 | +然后解压缩: |
| 46 | +```bash |
| 47 | +sudo tar -xzf mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local |
| 48 | +``` |
| 49 | + |
| 50 | +重命名目录: |
| 51 | +```bash |
| 52 | +cd /user/local |
| 53 | +sudo mv mysql-5.7.44-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql |
| 54 | +``` |
| 55 | + |
| 56 | +创建 MySQL 用户和组: |
| 57 | +```bash |
| 58 | +sudo groupadd mysql |
| 59 | +sudo useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql |
| 60 | +``` |
| 61 | + |
| 62 | +初始化数据库: |
| 63 | +```bash |
| 64 | +cd /usr/local/mysql |
| 65 | +sudo mkdir mysql-files |
| 66 | +sudo chmod 750 mysql-files |
| 67 | +sudo chown -R mysql:mysql ./ |
| 68 | +sudo bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql |
| 69 | +``` |
| 70 | + |
| 71 | +此时终端中会显示随机生成的密码: |
| 72 | +``` |
| 73 | +[Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: %sqwtmz5p(Xe |
| 74 | +``` |
| 75 | + |
| 76 | +设置权限和目录: |
| 77 | +```bash |
| 78 | +sudo chown -R root . |
| 79 | +sudo chown -R mysql data mysql-files |
| 80 | +``` |
| 81 | + |
| 82 | +安装启动脚本: |
| 83 | +```bash |
| 84 | +sudo cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysql |
| 85 | +sudo chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysql |
| 86 | +sudo update-rc.d mysql defaults |
| 87 | +``` |
| 88 | + |
| 89 | +启动 MySQL 服务: |
| 90 | +```bash |
| 91 | +sudo systemctl start mysql |
| 92 | +``` |
| 93 | + |
| 94 | +查询 MySQL 服务状态: |
| 95 | +```bash |
| 96 | +sudo systemctl status mysql |
| 97 | +``` |
| 98 | + |
| 99 | +修改密码: |
| 100 | +```bash |
| 101 | +# 登录 root |
| 102 | +mysql -u root -p |
| 103 | + |
| 104 | +# 执行 SQL |
| 105 | +ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'new_password'; |
| 106 | +``` |
| 107 | + |
| 108 | +### MySQL 远程连接 |
| 109 | +创建一个新的用户用于远程连接: |
| 110 | +```bash |
| 111 | +# % 表示任意地址,也可以指定具体的 ip |
| 112 | +CREATE USER 'remote'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'newpassword' |
| 113 | +``` |
| 114 | + |
| 115 | +授予权限: |
| 116 | +```bash |
| 117 | +# 所有数据库: |
| 118 | +GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON *.* TO 'newuser'@'%'; |
| 119 | + |
| 120 | +# 特定数据库 |
| 121 | +GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON exampledb.* TO 'newuser'@'%'; |
| 122 | +``` |
| 123 | + |
| 124 | +刷新权限: |
| 125 | +```bash |
| 126 | +FLUSH PRIVILEGES; |
| 127 | +``` |
| 128 | + |
| 129 | +配置 MySQL 允许远程连接,编辑或新建 `/etc/mysql/my.cnf` 或 `/etc/my.cnf`: |
| 130 | +```bash |
| 131 | +[mysqld] |
| 132 | +bind-address = 0.0.0.0 |
| 133 | +``` |
| 134 | + |
| 135 | +然后重启 MySQL 服务: |
| 136 | +```bash |
| 137 | +sudo systemctl restart mysql |
| 138 | +``` |
| 139 | + |
| 140 | +### NodeJS |
| 141 | +安装 nvm 来管理 NodeJS 版本,官方的安装方式对于网络连通性有要求,采用下面的方法: |
| 142 | +```bash |
| 143 | +git clone https://github.com/nvm-sh/nvm.git |
| 144 | +bash nvm/install.sh |
| 145 | +``` |
| 146 | + |
| 147 | +安装 NodeJS 20: |
| 148 | +```bash |
| 149 | +nvm install 20 |
| 150 | +``` |
| 151 | + |
| 152 | +设置 npm 镜像: |
| 153 | +```bash |
| 154 | +echo 'registry=https://registry.npmmirror.com/' > ~/.npmrc |
| 155 | +``` |
| 156 | + |
| 157 | +### Nginx |
| 158 | +安装 Nginx: |
| 159 | +```bash |
| 160 | +sudo apt install nginx |
| 161 | +``` |
| 162 | + |
| 163 | +## 服务部署 |
| 164 | +### NodeJS 服务 |
| 165 | +使用 `pm2` 来启动 NodeJS 服务: |
| 166 | +```bash |
| 167 | +pm2 start ecosystem.config.js --env production |
| 168 | +``` |
| 169 | + |
| 170 | +配置文件示例: |
| 171 | +```js |
| 172 | +// ecosystem.config.js |
| 173 | +module.exports = { |
| 174 | + apps: [ |
| 175 | + { |
| 176 | + name: 'my-app', |
| 177 | + script: 'dist/main.js', |
| 178 | + instances: 'max', |
| 179 | + exec_mode: 'cluster', |
| 180 | + env: { |
| 181 | + NODE_ENV: 'development' |
| 182 | + }, |
| 183 | + env_production: { |
| 184 | + NODE_ENV: 'production' |
| 185 | + } |
| 186 | + } |
| 187 | + ] |
| 188 | +}; |
| 189 | +``` |
| 190 | + |
| 191 | +### Nginx |
| 192 | +配置 Nginx 转发服务端接口: |
| 193 | +```bash |
| 194 | +cd /etc/nginx/sites-available/ |
| 195 | +vi api.myhost.com |
| 196 | +``` |
| 197 | + |
| 198 | +配置文件中添加: |
| 199 | +```nginx |
| 200 | +server { |
| 201 | + listen 80; |
| 202 | + server_name api.myhost.com; |
| 203 | +
|
| 204 | + location / { |
| 205 | + proxy_pass http://localhost:3000; |
| 206 | + proxy_set_header Host $host; |
| 207 | + proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; |
| 208 | + proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; |
| 209 | + proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme; |
| 210 | + } |
| 211 | +} |
| 212 | +``` |
| 213 | +新建软连接以启动对应配置: |
| 214 | +```bash |
| 215 | +sudo ln -s /etc/nginx/sites-available/api.myhost.com /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ |
| 216 | +``` |
| 217 | + |
| 218 | +重启 Nginx 应用配置: |
| 219 | +```bash |
| 220 | +sudo systemctl restart nginx |
| 221 | +``` |
| 222 | + |
| 223 | +配置 Nginx 转发前端静态资源,流程和前面一致,仅 Nginx 配置略有不同: |
| 224 | +```nginx |
| 225 | +server { |
| 226 | + listen 80; |
| 227 | + server_name www.example.com; |
| 228 | +
|
| 229 | + root /root/projects/example/dist; |
| 230 | + index index.html index.htm; |
| 231 | +
|
| 232 | + location / { |
| 233 | + try_files $uri $uri/ =404; |
| 234 | + } |
| 235 | +} |
| 236 | +``` |
| 237 | + |
| 238 | +### HTTPS 证书申请 |
| 239 | +通过 certbot 申请 SSL 证书,安装对应 pkg: |
| 240 | +```bash |
| 241 | +sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx |
| 242 | +``` |
| 243 | + |
| 244 | +根据提示完成配置,将自动下载证书,完成 nginx 配置并重启: |
| 245 | +```bash |
| 246 | +sudo certbot --nginx -d api.myhost.com |
| 247 | +``` |
| 248 | + |
| 249 | +证书有效期只有 3 个月,可以通过脚本实现自动续签,参考 [certbot-dns-aliyun](https://github.com/justjavac/certbot-dns-aliyun): |
| 250 | +```bash |
| 251 | +# 安装 certbot-dns-aliyun |
| 252 | +wget https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/justjavac/certbot-dns-aliyun@main/alidns.sh |
| 253 | +sudo cp alidns.sh /usr/local/bin |
| 254 | +sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/alidns.sh |
| 255 | +sudo ln -s /usr/local/bin/alidns.sh /usr/local/bin/alidns |
| 256 | +rm alidns.sh |
| 257 | +``` |
| 258 | + |
| 259 | +测试证书续期: |
| 260 | +```bash |
| 261 | +certbot renew --manual --preferred-challenges dns --manual-auth-hook "alidns" --manual-cleanup-hook "alidns clean" --dry-run |
| 262 | +``` |
| 263 | + |
| 264 | +正式续期时去掉 `--dry-run`: |
| 265 | +```bash |
| 266 | +certbot renew --manual --preferred-challenges dns --manual-auth-hook "alidns" --manual-cleanup-hook "alidns clean" |
| 267 | +``` |
| 268 | + |
| 269 | +设置定时任务: |
| 270 | +```bash |
| 271 | +crontab -e |
| 272 | +``` |
| 273 | + |
| 274 | +设置每天凌晨 1 点 1 分执行: |
| 275 | +```bash |
| 276 | +1 1 */1 * * certbot renew --manual --preferred-challenges dns --manual-auth-hook "alidns" --manual-cleanup-hook "alidns clean" --deploy-hook "nginx -s reload" |
| 277 | +``` |
| 278 | + |
| 279 | +查询 crontab 执行记录: |
| 280 | +```bash |
| 281 | +grep CRON /var/log/syslog |
| 282 | +``` |
| 283 | + |
| 284 | +### CD |
| 285 | +以 `Github Workflow` 为例,实现自动化部署。新建 `.github/workflows/deploy.yml`: |
| 286 | +```yaml |
| 287 | +name: Deploy to Server |
| 288 | + |
| 289 | +on: |
| 290 | + push: |
| 291 | + branches: |
| 292 | + - main |
| 293 | + |
| 294 | +jobs: |
| 295 | + deploy: |
| 296 | + runs-on: ubuntu-latest |
| 297 | + |
| 298 | + steps: |
| 299 | + - name: Checkout code |
| 300 | + uses: actions/checkout@v2 |
| 301 | + |
| 302 | + - name: Set up SSH |
| 303 | + uses: webfactory/[email protected] |
| 304 | + with: |
| 305 | + ssh-private-key: ${{ secrets.SSH_PRIVATE_KEY }} |
| 306 | + |
| 307 | + - name: Run deployment script |
| 308 | + run: | |
| 309 | + ssh -o StrictHostKeyChecking=no user@your-server-ip << 'EOF' |
| 310 | + cd /path/to/your/repo |
| 311 | + git pull origin main |
| 312 | + pnpm install |
| 313 | + pnpm run build |
| 314 | + pm2 restart your-app-name |
| 315 | + EOF |
| 316 | +``` |
| 317 | +
|
| 318 | +新建一个用户用于托管 CD 流程: |
| 319 | +```bash |
| 320 | +sudo adduser deploy |
| 321 | +``` |
| 322 | + |
| 323 | +给用户设置某个目录的所有权: |
| 324 | +```bash |
| 325 | +sudo chown -R deploy:deploy /var/www/html |
| 326 | +``` |
| 327 | + |
| 328 | +切换至对应用户: |
| 329 | +```bash |
| 330 | +sudo su - deploy |
| 331 | +``` |
| 332 | + |
| 333 | + |
| 334 | +## 服务运维 |
| 335 | +### 日志 |
| 336 | +使用 `pm2-logrotate` 来划分 pm2 中的 NestJS 日志 |
| 337 | +```bash |
| 338 | +# 安装 pm2-logrotate |
| 339 | +pm2 install pm2-logrotate |
| 340 | +``` |
| 341 | + |
| 342 | +使日志按每小时划分: |
| 343 | +```bash |
| 344 | +# 设置日志文件名 |
| 345 | +pm2 set pm2-logrotate:dateFormat YYYY-MM-DD_HH-00-00 |
| 346 | +pm2 set pm2-logrotate:rotateInterval "0 * * * *" |
| 347 | +``` |
| 348 | + |
| 349 | +使用自定义的 logger 来实现 ORM 日志按小时划分: |
| 350 | +```ts |
| 351 | +class CustomLogger implements Logger { |
| 352 | + private getLogFileName(): string { |
| 353 | + const now = dayjs().set('minute', 0).set('second', 0); |
| 354 | + return path.join(LOG_DIR, `ormlogs-${now.format('YYYY-MM-DD_HH-mm-ss')}.log`); |
| 355 | + } |
| 356 | + |
| 357 | + // ... |
| 358 | +} |
| 359 | +``` |
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