diff --git a/.pre-commit-config.yaml b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
index 8d2b2b424..cb2efa981 100644
--- a/.pre-commit-config.yaml
+++ b/.pre-commit-config.yaml
@@ -36,6 +36,8 @@ repos:
     rev: 5.12.0
     hooks:
       - id: isort
+        args: ["--profile", "black"]
+
         files: '\.py$'
   - repo: https://github.com/sondrelg/pep585-upgrade
     rev: v1.0.1
diff --git a/prompt2model/utils/__init__.py b/prompt2model/utils/__init__.py
index 52c32b6d8..03a4544ea 100644
--- a/prompt2model/utils/__init__.py
+++ b/prompt2model/utils/__init__.py
@@ -1,11 +1,16 @@
 """Import utility functions."""
-from prompt2model.utils.openai_tools import ChatGPTAgent  # noqa: F401
-from prompt2model.utils.openai_tools import OPENAI_ERRORS, handle_openai_error
+from prompt2model.utils.openai_tools import (
+    OPENAI_ERRORS,
+    ChatGPTAgent,
+    handle_openai_error,
+)
 from prompt2model.utils.rng import seed_generator
+from prompt2model.utils.tevatron_utils import encode_text
 
 __all__ = (  # noqa: F401
-    "seed_generator",
     "ChatGPTAgent",
-    "OPENAI_ERRORS",
+    "encode_text",
     "handle_openai_error",
+    "OPENAI_ERRORS",
+    "seed_generator",
 )
diff --git a/prompt2model/utils/tevatron_utils/__init__.py b/prompt2model/utils/tevatron_utils/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5973c85e6
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prompt2model/utils/tevatron_utils/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+"""Import Tevatron utility functions."""
+from prompt2model.utils.tevatron_utils.encode import encode_text
+
+__all__ = ["encode_text"]
diff --git a/prompt2model/utils/tevatron_utils/encode.py b/prompt2model/utils/tevatron_utils/encode.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..019879281
--- /dev/null
+++ b/prompt2model/utils/tevatron_utils/encode.py
@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+"""Tools for encoding and serializing a search index with a contextual encoder."""
+
+from __future__ import annotations  # noqa FI58
+
+import json
+import os
+import pickle
+import tempfile
+from contextlib import nullcontext
+
+import numpy as np
+import torch
+from tevatron.arguments import DataArguments
+from tevatron.data import EncodeCollator, EncodeDataset
+from tevatron.datasets import HFCorpusDataset, HFQueryDataset
+from tevatron.modeling import DenseModelForInference
+from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
+from transformers import AutoConfig, AutoTokenizer, PreTrainedTokenizerBase
+
+
+def load_tevatron_model(
+    model_name_or_path: str, model_cache_dir: str | None = None
+) -> tuple[DenseModelForInference, PreTrainedTokenizerBase]:
+    """Load a Tevatron model from a model name/path.
+
+    Args:
+        model_name_or_path: The HuggingFace model name or path to the model.
+        model_cache_dir: The directory to cache the model.
+
+    Returns:
+        A Tevatron dense retrieval model and its associated tokenizer.
+    """
+    config = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(
+        model_name_or_path,
+        cache_dir=model_cache_dir,
+    )
+    tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(
+        model_name_or_path,
+        cache_dir=model_cache_dir,
+        use_fast=False,
+    )
+    model = DenseModelForInference.build(
+        model_name_or_path=model_name_or_path,
+        config=config,
+        cache_dir=model_cache_dir,
+    )
+    return model, tokenizer
+
+
+def encode_text(
+    model_name_or_path: str,
+    file_to_encode: str | None = None,
+    text_to_encode: list[str] | str | None = None,
+    encode_query: bool = False,
+    encoding_file: str | None = None,
+    max_len: int = 128,
+    device: torch.device = torch.device("cpu"),
+    dataloader_num_workers: int = 0,
+    model_cache_dir: str | None = None,
+    data_cache_dir: str = "~/.cache/huggingface/datasets",
+    batch_size=8,
+    fp16: bool = False,
+) -> np.ndarray:
+    """Encode a query or documents.
+
+    This code is mostly duplicated from tevatron/driver/encode.py in the Tevatron
+    repository.
+
+    Args:
+        model_name_or_path: The HuggingFace model name or path to the model.
+        file_to_encode: JSON or JSONL file containing `"text"` fields to encode.
+        text_to_encode: String or list of strings to encode.
+        encode_query: Whether or not we are encoding a query or documents.
+        encoding_file: If given, store the encoded data in this file.
+        max_len: Truncate the input to this length (in tokens).
+        device: Device that Torch will use to encode the text.
+        dataloader_num_workers: Number of workers to use for the dataloader.
+        model_cache_dir: The directory to cache the model.
+        data_cache_dir: The directory to cache the tokenized dataset.
+        batch_size: Batch size to use for encoding.
+        fp16: Whether or not to run inference in fp16 for more-efficient encoding.
+
+    Returns:
+        A numpy array of shape `(num_examples, embedding_dim)` containing text
+        encoded by the specified model.
+    """
+    model, tokenizer = load_tevatron_model(model_name_or_path, model_cache_dir)
+
+    if file_to_encode is None and text_to_encode is None:
+        raise ValueError("Must provide either a dataset file or text to encode.")
+    elif file_to_encode is not None and text_to_encode is not None:
+        raise ValueError("Provide either a dataset file or text to encode, not both.")
+
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as temp_dir:
+        if text_to_encode is not None:
+            if isinstance(text_to_encode, str):
+                text_to_encode = [text_to_encode]
+            with open(
+                os.path.join(temp_dir, "text_to_encode.json"), "w"
+            ) as temporary_file:
+                text_rows = [
+                    {"text_id": i, "text": text}
+                    for i, text in enumerate(text_to_encode)
+                ]
+                json.dump(text_rows, temporary_file)
+                file_to_encode = temporary_file.name
+                temporary_file.close()
+
+        data_args = DataArguments(
+            encoded_save_path=encoding_file,
+            encode_in_path=file_to_encode,
+            encode_is_qry=encode_query,
+            data_cache_dir=data_cache_dir,
+        )
+        if encode_query:
+            data_args.q_max_len = max_len
+            hf_dataset = HFQueryDataset(
+                tokenizer=tokenizer,
+                data_args=data_args,
+                cache_dir=data_args.data_cache_dir or model_cache_dir,
+            )
+        else:
+            data_args.p_max_len = max_len
+            hf_dataset = HFCorpusDataset(
+                tokenizer=tokenizer,
+                data_args=data_args,
+                cache_dir=data_args.data_cache_dir or model_cache_dir,
+            )
+
+        encode_dataset = EncodeDataset(
+            hf_dataset.process(1, 0), tokenizer, max_len=max_len
+        )
+
+        encode_loader = DataLoader(
+            encode_dataset,
+            batch_size=batch_size,
+            collate_fn=EncodeCollator(
+                tokenizer, max_length=max_len, padding="max_length"
+            ),
+            shuffle=False,
+            drop_last=False,
+            num_workers=dataloader_num_workers,
+        )
+        encoded = []
+        lookup_indices = []
+        model = model.to(device)
+        model.eval()
+
+        for batch_ids, batch in encode_loader:
+            lookup_indices.extend(batch_ids)
+            with torch.cuda.amp.autocast() if fp16 else nullcontext():
+                with torch.no_grad():
+                    for k, v in batch.items():
+                        batch[k] = v.to(device)
+                    if data_args.encode_is_qry:
+                        model_output = model(query=batch)
+                        encoded.append(model_output.q_reps.cpu().detach().numpy())
+                    else:
+                        model_output = model(passage=batch)
+                        encoded.append(model_output.p_reps.cpu().detach().numpy())
+
+        encoded = np.concatenate(encoded)
+
+        if encoding_file:
+            with open(encoding_file, "wb") as f:
+                pickle.dump((encoded, lookup_indices), f)
+
+        return encoded
diff --git a/pyproject.toml b/pyproject.toml
index 2702809ca..58213c041 100644
--- a/pyproject.toml
+++ b/pyproject.toml
@@ -31,6 +31,8 @@ dependencies = [
     "bert_score==0.3.13",
     "sacrebleu==2.3.1",
     "evaluate==0.4.0",
+    "tevatron==0.1.0",
+    "faiss-cpu==1.7.4"
 ]
 
 dynamic = ["version"]
diff --git a/tests/dataset_generator_test.py b/tests/dataset_generator_test.py
index fe8031a25..0c2cac2ea 100644
--- a/tests/dataset_generator_test.py
+++ b/tests/dataset_generator_test.py
@@ -103,7 +103,7 @@ def check_generate_dataset_dict(dataset_generator: OpenAIDatasetGenerator):
     "prompt2model.utils.ChatGPTAgent.generate_openai_chat_completion",
     side_effect=MOCK_CLASSIFICATION_EXAMPLE,
 )
-def test_limited_and_unlimited_generation(mocked_generate_example):
+def test_encode_text(mocked_generate_example):
     """Test classification dataset generation using the OpenAIDatasetGenerator.
 
     This function first test the unlimited generation. Then test generation
diff --git a/tests/tevatron_utils_test.py b/tests/tevatron_utils_test.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..820a57247
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/tevatron_utils_test.py
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+"""Testing DatasetGenerator through OpenAIDatasetGenerator."""
+
+import json
+import os
+import pickle
+import tempfile
+
+import pytest
+from tevatron.modeling import DenseModelForInference
+from transformers import PreTrainedTokenizerBase
+
+from prompt2model.utils.tevatron_utils import encode_text
+from prompt2model.utils.tevatron_utils.encode import load_tevatron_model
+
+TINY_MODEL_NAME = "google/bert_uncased_L-2_H-128_A-2"
+
+
+def test_load_tevatron_model():
+    """Test loading a small Tevatron model."""
+    model, tokenizer = load_tevatron_model(TINY_MODEL_NAME)
+    assert isinstance(model, DenseModelForInference)
+    assert isinstance(tokenizer, PreTrainedTokenizerBase)
+
+
+def test_encode_text_from_string():
+    """Test encoding text from a string into a vector."""
+    text = "This is an example sentence"
+    encoded = encode_text(TINY_MODEL_NAME, text_to_encode=text)
+    assert encoded.shape == (1, 128)
+
+
+def test_encode_text_from_file():
+    """Test encoding text from a file into a vector."""
+    text_rows = [
+        {"text_id": 0, "text": "This is an example sentence"},
+        {"text_id": 1, "text": "This is another example sentence"},
+    ]
+    with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode="w", suffix=".json") as f:
+        json.dump(text_rows, f)
+        f.seek(0)
+        encoded = encode_text(TINY_MODEL_NAME, file_to_encode=f.name)
+        assert encoded.shape == (2, 128)
+
+
+def test_encode_text_from_file_store_to_file():
+    """Test encoding text from a file into a vector, then stored to file."""
+    text_rows = [
+        {"text_id": 0, "text": "This is an example sentence"},
+        {"text_id": 1, "text": "This is another example sentence"},
+    ]
+    with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tempdir:
+        with tempfile.NamedTemporaryFile(mode="w", suffix=".json") as f:
+            json.dump(text_rows, f)
+            f.seek(0)
+            encoding_file_path = os.path.join(tempdir, "encoding.pkl")
+            encoded = encode_text(
+                TINY_MODEL_NAME, file_to_encode=f.name, encoding_file=encoding_file_path
+            )
+            assert encoded.shape == (2, 128)
+            encoded_vectors, encoded_indices = pickle.load(
+                open(encoding_file_path, "rb")
+            )
+            assert (encoded == encoded_vectors).all()
+            assert encoded_indices == [0, 1]
+
+
+def test_encode_text_error_from_no_string_or_file():
+    """Test that either a string or a file must be passed to encode."""
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        _ = encode_text(TINY_MODEL_NAME)
+
+
+def test_encode_text_error_from_both_string_and_file():
+    """Test that either a string or a file, but not both, must be passed to encode."""
+    text = "This is an example sentence"
+    file = "/tmp/test.txt"
+    with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+        _ = encode_text(TINY_MODEL_NAME, file_to_encode=file, text_to_encode=text)