diff --git a/test/fixtures/permission/config-fs-read-only.json b/test/fixtures/permission/config-fs-read-only.json
new file mode 100644
index 00000000000000..cc80513565f2d8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/fixtures/permission/config-fs-read-only.json
@@ -0,0 +1,7 @@
+{
+    "permission": {
+        "allow-fs-read": [
+            "*"
+        ]
+    }
+}
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/test/parallel/test-permission-config-file.mjs b/test/parallel/test-permission-config-file.mjs
index 9ca50284435707..595c4b6f91bcf5 100644
--- a/test/parallel/test-permission-config-file.mjs
+++ b/test/parallel/test-permission-config-file.mjs
@@ -5,7 +5,8 @@ import { describe, it } from 'node:test';
 
 describe('Permission model config file support', () => {
   it('should load filesystem read/write permissions from config file', async () => {
-    const configPath = fixtures.path('permission/config-fs-read-write.json');
+    const readWriteConfigPath = fixtures.path('permission/config-fs-read-write.json');
+    const readOnlyConfigPath = fixtures.path('permission/config-fs-read-only.json');
     const readTestPath = fixtures.path('permission/fs-read-test.js');
     const writeTestPath = fixtures.path('permission/fs-write-test.js');
 
@@ -13,7 +14,7 @@ describe('Permission model config file support', () => {
       const result = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
         '--permission',
         '--experimental-config-file',
-        configPath,
+        readOnlyConfigPath,
         readTestPath,
       ]);
       assert.strictEqual(result.code, 0);
@@ -23,40 +24,78 @@ describe('Permission model config file support', () => {
       const result = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
         '--permission',
         '--experimental-config-file',
-        configPath,
+        readWriteConfigPath,
         writeTestPath,
       ]);
       assert.strictEqual(result.code, 0);
     }
+
+    {
+      const result = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
+        '--permission',
+        '--experimental-config-file',
+        readOnlyConfigPath,
+        writeTestPath,
+      ]);
+      assert.strictEqual(result.code, 1);
+      assert.match(result.stderr, /Access to this API has been restricted\. Use --allow-fs-write to manage permissions/);
+    }
   });
 
   it('should load child process and worker permissions from config file', async () => {
     const configPath = fixtures.path('permission/config-child-worker.json');
+    const readOnlyConfigPath = fixtures.path('permission/config-fs-read-only.json');
     const childTestPath = fixtures.path('permission/child-process-test.js');
 
-    const result = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
-      '--permission',
-      '--experimental-config-file',
-      configPath,
-      '--allow-fs-read=*',
-      childTestPath,
-    ]);
-    assert.strictEqual(result.code, 0);
+    {
+      const result = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
+        '--permission',
+        '--experimental-config-file',
+        configPath,
+        childTestPath,
+      ]);
+      assert.strictEqual(result.code, 0);
+    }
+
+    {
+      const result = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
+        '--permission',
+        '--experimental-config-file',
+        readOnlyConfigPath,
+        childTestPath,
+      ]);
+      assert.strictEqual(result.code, 1, result.stderr);
+      assert.match(result.stderr, /Access to this API has been restricted\. Use --allow-child-process to manage permissions/);
+    }
   });
 
   it('should load network and inspector permissions from config file', async () => {
     const configPath = fixtures.path('permission/config-net-inspector.json');
+    const readOnlyConfigPath = fixtures.path('permission/config-fs-read-only.json');
 
-    const result = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
-      '--permission',
-      '--experimental-config-file',
-      configPath,
-      '--allow-fs-read=*',
-      '-p',
-      'process.permission.has("net") && process.permission.has("inspector")',
-    ]);
-    assert.match(result.stdout, /true/);
-    assert.strictEqual(result.code, 0);
+    {
+      const result = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
+        '--permission',
+        '--experimental-config-file',
+        configPath,
+        '-p',
+        'process.permission.has("net") && process.permission.has("inspector")',
+      ]);
+      assert.match(result.stdout, /true/);
+      assert.strictEqual(result.code, 0);
+    }
+
+    {
+      const result = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
+        '--permission',
+        '--experimental-config-file',
+        readOnlyConfigPath,
+        '-p',
+        'process.permission.has("net") + process.permission.has("inspector")',
+      ]);
+      assert.match(result.stdout, /0/);
+      assert.strictEqual(result.code, 0);
+    }
   });
 
   it('should load addons and wasi permissions from config file', async () => {
@@ -74,32 +113,17 @@ describe('Permission model config file support', () => {
     assert.strictEqual(result.code, 0);
   });
 
-  it('should deny operations when permissions are not in config file', async () => {
-    const configPath = fixtures.path('permission/config-fs-read-write.json');
-
-    const result = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
-      '--permission',
-      '--experimental-config-file',
-      configPath,
-      '--allow-fs-read=*',
-      '-p',
-      'process.permission.has("child")',
-    ]);
-    assert.match(result.stdout, /false/);
-    assert.strictEqual(result.code, 0);
-  });
-
   it('should combine config file permissions with CLI flags', async () => {
-    const configPath = fixtures.path('permission/config-fs-read-write.json');
+    const configPath = fixtures.path('permission/config-fs-read-only.json');
 
     const result = await spawnPromisified(process.execPath, [
       '--permission',
       '--experimental-config-file',
       configPath,
       '--allow-child-process',
-      '--allow-fs-read=*',
+      '--allow-fs-write=*',
       '-p',
-      'process.permission.has("child") && process.permission.has("fs.read")',
+      'process.permission.has("child") && process.permission.has("fs.read") && process.permission.has("fs.write")',
     ]);
     assert.match(result.stdout, /true/);
     assert.strictEqual(result.code, 0);