diff --git a/lzero/model/unizero_world_models/transformer.py b/lzero/model/unizero_world_models/transformer.py
index 714bc13d6..bfb77a48c 100644
--- a/lzero/model/unizero_world_models/transformer.py
+++ b/lzero/model/unizero_world_models/transformer.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 import math
 from dataclasses import dataclass
-from typing import Optional
+from typing import Optional, Tuple
 
 import torch
 import torch.nn as nn
@@ -28,7 +28,10 @@ class TransformerConfig:
     embed_pdrop: float
     resid_pdrop: float
     attn_pdrop: float
-
+    
+    # for RoPE
+    rope_theta: float
+    max_seq_len: int
     @property
     def max_tokens(self):
         return self.tokens_per_block * self.max_blocks
@@ -55,6 +58,13 @@ def __init__(self, config: TransformerConfig) -> None:
         self.blocks = nn.ModuleList([Block(config) for _ in range(config.num_layers)])
         self.ln_f = nn.LayerNorm(config.embed_dim)
 
+
+        self.freqs_cis = precompute_freqs_cis(
+            self.config.embed_dim // self.config.num_heads,
+            self.config.max_seq_len * 2,
+            self.config.rope_theta,
+        )
+
     def generate_empty_keys_values(self, n: int, max_tokens: int) -> KeysValues:
         """
         Generate a placeholder for keys and values.
@@ -70,7 +80,7 @@ def generate_empty_keys_values(self, n: int, max_tokens: int) -> KeysValues:
         return KeysValues(n, self.config.num_heads, max_tokens, self.config.embed_dim, self.config.num_layers, device)
 
     def forward(self, sequences: torch.Tensor, past_keys_values: Optional[KeysValues] = None,
-                valid_context_lengths: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None) -> torch.Tensor:
+                valid_context_lengths: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, start_pos: int = 0) -> torch.Tensor:
         """
         Forward pass of the Transformer model.
 
@@ -82,11 +92,15 @@ def forward(self, sequences: torch.Tensor, past_keys_values: Optional[KeysValues
         Returns:
             - torch.Tensor: Output tensor of shape (batch_size, seq_length, embed_dim).
         """
+        seqlen = sequences.shape[1]
+        self.freqs_cis = self.freqs_cis.to(sequences.device)
+        freqs_cis = self.freqs_cis[start_pos : start_pos + seqlen]
+
         assert past_keys_values is None or len(past_keys_values) == len(self.blocks)
         x = self.drop(sequences)
         for i, block in enumerate(self.blocks):
-            x = block(x, None if past_keys_values is None else past_keys_values[i], valid_context_lengths)
-
+            x = block(x, None if past_keys_values is None else past_keys_values[i], valid_context_lengths, start_pos, freqs_cis)
+        # TODO: pass the index into start_pos here
         x = self.ln_f(x)
         return x
 
@@ -129,7 +143,7 @@ def __init__(self, config: TransformerConfig) -> None:
         )
 
     def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, past_keys_values: Optional[KeysValues] = None,
-                valid_context_lengths: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None) -> torch.Tensor:
+                valid_context_lengths: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None, start_pos: int = 0, freqs_cis: torch.Tensor = None) -> torch.Tensor:
         """
         Forward pass of the Transformer block.
 
@@ -141,7 +155,7 @@ def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, past_keys_values: Optional[KeysValues] = None
         Returns:
             - torch.Tensor: Output tensor of shape (batch_size, seq_length, embed_dim).
         """
-        x_attn = self.attn(self.ln1(x), past_keys_values, valid_context_lengths)
+        x_attn = self.attn(self.ln1(x), past_keys_values, valid_context_lengths, start_pos, freqs_cis)
         if self.gru_gating:
             x = self.gate1(x, x_attn)
             x = self.gate2(x, self.mlp(self.ln2(x)))
@@ -152,6 +166,35 @@ def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, past_keys_values: Optional[KeysValues] = None
         return x
 
 
+def precompute_freqs_cis(dim: int, end: int, theta: float = 10000.0):
+    freqs = 1.0 / (theta ** (torch.arange(0, dim, 2)[: (dim // 2)].float() / dim))
+    t = torch.arange(end, device=freqs.device, dtype=torch.float32)
+    freqs = torch.outer(t, freqs)
+    freqs_cis = torch.polar(torch.ones_like(freqs), freqs)  # complex64
+    return freqs_cis
+
+def reshape_for_broadcast(freqs_cis: torch.Tensor, x: torch.Tensor):
+    ndim = x.ndim
+    print(f"freqs_cis 的 shape是{freqs_cis.shape}, 而 x 的 shape 是{x.shape}")
+    assert 0 <= 1 < ndim
+    assert freqs_cis.shape == (x.shape[2], x.shape[-1])
+    shape = [d if i == 2 or i == ndim - 1 else 1 for i, d in enumerate(x.shape)]
+    return freqs_cis.view(*shape)
+
+
+def apply_rotary_emb(
+    xq: torch.Tensor,
+    xk: torch.Tensor,
+    freqs_cis: torch.Tensor,
+) -> Tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
+    xq_ = torch.view_as_complex(xq.float().reshape(*xq.shape[:-1], -1, 2))
+    xk_ = torch.view_as_complex(xk.float().reshape(*xk.shape[:-1], -1, 2))
+    freqs_cis = reshape_for_broadcast(freqs_cis, xq_)
+    xq_out = torch.view_as_real(xq_ * freqs_cis).flatten(-2)
+    xk_out = torch.view_as_real(xk_ * freqs_cis).flatten(-2)
+    return xq_out.type_as(xq), xk_out.type_as(xk)
+
+
 class SelfAttention(nn.Module):
     """
     Implements self-attention mechanism for transformers.
@@ -189,7 +232,7 @@ def __init__(self, config: TransformerConfig) -> None:
         self.register_buffer('mask', causal_mask)
 
     def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, kv_cache: Optional[KeysValues] = None,
-                valid_context_lengths: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None) -> torch.Tensor:
+                valid_context_lengths: Optional[torch.Tensor] = None,  start_pos: int = 0, freqs_cis: torch.Tensor = None) -> torch.Tensor:
         """
         Forward pass for the self-attention mechanism.
 
@@ -212,6 +255,9 @@ def forward(self, x: torch.Tensor, kv_cache: Optional[KeysValues] = None,
         q = self.query(x).view(B, T, self.num_heads, C // self.num_heads).transpose(1, 2)  # (B, num_heads, T, head_size)
         k = self.key(x).view(B, T, self.num_heads, C // self.num_heads).transpose(1, 2)  # (B, num_heads, T, head_size)
         v = self.value(x).view(B, T, self.num_heads, C // self.num_heads).transpose(1, 2)  # (B, num_heads, T, head_size)
+        
+        if self.config.rotary_emb:
+            q, k = apply_rotary_emb(q, k, freqs_cis=freqs_cis)
 
         if kv_cache is not None:
             kv_cache.update(k, v)
diff --git a/lzero/model/unizero_world_models/world_model.py b/lzero/model/unizero_world_models/world_model.py
index ef31d951c..8c9e70a99 100644
--- a/lzero/model/unizero_world_models/world_model.py
+++ b/lzero/model/unizero_world_models/world_model.py
@@ -56,9 +56,11 @@ def __init__(self, config: TransformerConfig, tokenizer) -> None:
         self._initialize_patterns()
 
         # Position embedding
-        self.pos_emb = nn.Embedding(config.max_tokens, config.embed_dim, device=self.device)
-        self.precompute_pos_emb_diff_kv()
-        print(f"self.pos_emb.weight.device: {self.pos_emb.weight.device}")
+        if not self.config.rotary_emb:
+            self.pos_emb = nn.Embedding(config.max_tokens, config.embed_dim, device=self.device)
+            self.precompute_pos_emb_diff_kv()
+
+            print(f"self.pos_emb.weight.device: {self.pos_emb.weight.device}")
 
         # Initialize action embedding table
         self.act_embedding_table = nn.Embedding(config.action_space_size, config.embed_dim, device=self.device)
@@ -185,7 +187,8 @@ def precompute_pos_emb_diff_kv(self):
         if self.context_length <= 2:
             # If context length is 2 or less, no context is present
             return
-
+        if self.config.rotary_emb:
+            return 
         # Precompute positional embedding matrices for inference in collect/eval stages, not for training
         self.positional_embedding_k = [
             self._get_positional_embedding(layer, 'key')
@@ -271,8 +274,11 @@ def forward(self, obs_embeddings_or_act_tokens: Dict[str, Union[torch.Tensor, tu
             if len(obs_embeddings.shape) == 2:
                 obs_embeddings = obs_embeddings.unsqueeze(1)
             num_steps = obs_embeddings.size(1)
-            sequences = self._add_position_embeddings(obs_embeddings, prev_steps, num_steps, kvcache_independent,
+            if not self.config.rotary_emb:
+                sequences = self._add_position_embeddings(obs_embeddings, prev_steps, num_steps, kvcache_independent,
                                                       is_init_infer, valid_context_lengths)
+            else:
+                sequences = obs_embeddings
 
         # Process action tokens
         elif 'act_tokens' in obs_embeddings_or_act_tokens:
@@ -281,8 +287,11 @@ def forward(self, obs_embeddings_or_act_tokens: Dict[str, Union[torch.Tensor, tu
                 act_tokens = act_tokens.squeeze(1)
             num_steps = act_tokens.size(1)
             act_embeddings = self.act_embedding_table(act_tokens)
-            sequences = self._add_position_embeddings(act_embeddings, prev_steps, num_steps, kvcache_independent,
+            if not self.config.rotary_emb:
+                sequences = self._add_position_embeddings(act_embeddings, prev_steps, num_steps, kvcache_independent,
                                                       is_init_infer, valid_context_lengths)
+            else:
+                sequences = act_embeddings
 
         # Process combined observation embeddings and action tokens
         else:
@@ -354,8 +363,11 @@ def _process_obs_act_combined(self, obs_embeddings_or_act_tokens, prev_steps):
             act = act_embeddings[:, i, 0, :].unsqueeze(1)
             obs_act = torch.cat([obs, act], dim=1)
             obs_act_embeddings[:, i * (K + 1):(i + 1) * (K + 1), :] = obs_act
-
-        return obs_act_embeddings + self.pos_emb(prev_steps + torch.arange(num_steps, device=self.device)), num_steps
+            
+        return_result = obs_act_embeddings
+        if not self.config.rotary_emb:
+            return_result += self.pos_emb(prev_steps + torch.arange(num_steps, device=self.device))
+        return return_result, num_steps
 
     def _transformer_pass(self, sequences, past_keys_values, kvcache_independent, valid_context_lengths):
         """
@@ -734,12 +746,13 @@ def update_cache_context(self, latent_state, is_init_infer=True, simulation_inde
                         v_cache_trimmed = v_cache_current[:, :, 2:context_length - 1, :].squeeze(0)
 
                         # Index pre-computed positional encoding differences
-                        pos_emb_diff_k = self.pos_emb_diff_k[layer][(2, context_length - 1)]
-                        pos_emb_diff_v = self.pos_emb_diff_v[layer][(2, context_length - 1)]
-                        # ============ NOTE: Very Important ============
-                        # Apply positional encoding correction to k and v
-                        k_cache_trimmed += pos_emb_diff_k.squeeze(0)
-                        v_cache_trimmed += pos_emb_diff_v.squeeze(0)
+                        if not self.config.rotary_emb:
+                            pos_emb_diff_k = self.pos_emb_diff_k[layer][(2, context_length - 1)]
+                            pos_emb_diff_v = self.pos_emb_diff_v[layer][(2, context_length - 1)]
+                            # ============ NOTE: Very Important ============
+                            # Apply positional encoding correction to k and v
+                            k_cache_trimmed += pos_emb_diff_k.squeeze(0)
+                            v_cache_trimmed += pos_emb_diff_v.squeeze(0)
 
                         # Pad the last 3 steps along the third dimension with zeros
                         # F.pad parameters (0, 0, 0, 3) specify padding amounts for each dimension: (left, right, top, bottom). For 3D tensor, they correspond to (dim2 left, dim2 right, dim1 left, dim1 right).
@@ -775,12 +788,13 @@ def update_cache_context(self, latent_state, is_init_infer=True, simulation_inde
                         v_cache_trimmed = v_cache_current[:, 2:context_length - 1, :]
 
                         # Index pre-computed positional encoding differences
-                        pos_emb_diff_k = self.pos_emb_diff_k[layer][(2, context_length - 1)]
-                        pos_emb_diff_v = self.pos_emb_diff_v[layer][(2, context_length - 1)]
-                        # ============ NOTE: Very Important ============
-                        # Apply positional encoding correction to k and v
-                        k_cache_trimmed += pos_emb_diff_k.squeeze(0)
-                        v_cache_trimmed += pos_emb_diff_v.squeeze(0)
+                        if not self.config.rotary_emb:
+                            pos_emb_diff_k = self.pos_emb_diff_k[layer][(2, context_length - 1)]
+                            pos_emb_diff_v = self.pos_emb_diff_v[layer][(2, context_length - 1)]
+                            # ============ NOTE: Very Important ============
+                            # Apply positional encoding correction to k and v
+                            k_cache_trimmed += pos_emb_diff_k.squeeze(0)
+                            v_cache_trimmed += pos_emb_diff_v.squeeze(0)
 
                         # Pad the last 3 steps along the third dimension with zeros
                         # F.pad parameters (0, 0, 0, 3) specify padding amounts for each dimension: (left, right, top, bottom). For 3D tensor, they correspond to (dim2 left, dim2 right, dim1 left, dim1 right).
diff --git a/lzero/policy/unizero.py b/lzero/policy/unizero.py
index 73af201c3..e44cf9a8d 100644
--- a/lzero/policy/unizero.py
+++ b/lzero/policy/unizero.py
@@ -553,11 +553,12 @@ def _init_collect(self) -> None:
     def _forward_collect(
             self,
             data: torch.Tensor,
-            action_mask: list = None,
+            action_mask: List = None,
             temperature: float = 1,
             to_play: List = [-1],
             epsilon: float = 0.25,
-            ready_env_id: np.array = None
+            ready_env_id: np.ndarray = None,
+            step_index: List = [0]
     ) -> Dict:
         """
         Overview:
@@ -569,6 +570,7 @@ def _forward_collect(
             - temperature (:obj:`float`): The temperature of the policy.
             - to_play (:obj:`int`): The player to play.
             - ready_env_id (:obj:`list`): The id of the env that is ready to collect.
+            - step_index (:obj:`list`): The step index of the env in one episode
         Shape:
             - data (:obj:`torch.Tensor`):
                 - For Atari, :math:`(N, C*S, H, W)`, where N is the number of collect_env, C is the number of channels, \
@@ -578,6 +580,7 @@ def _forward_collect(
             - temperature: :math:`(1, )`.
             - to_play: :math:`(N, 1)`, where N is the number of collect_env.
             - ready_env_id: None
+            - step_index: :math:`(N, 1)`, where N is the number of collect_env.
         Returns:
             - output (:obj:`Dict[int, Any]`): Dict type data, the keys including ``action``, ``distributions``, \
                 ``visit_count_distribution_entropy``, ``value``, ``pred_value``, ``policy_logits``.
@@ -655,6 +658,7 @@ def _forward_collect(
                     'searched_value': value,
                     'predicted_value': pred_values[i],
                     'predicted_policy_logits': policy_logits[i],
+                    'step_index': step_index[i]
                 }
                 batch_action.append(action)
 
@@ -683,7 +687,7 @@ def _init_eval(self) -> None:
             self.last_batch_action = [-1 for _ in range(self.evaluator_env_num)]
 
     def _forward_eval(self, data: torch.Tensor, action_mask: list, to_play: int = -1,
-                      ready_env_id: np.array = None) -> Dict:
+                      ready_env_id: np.array = None, step_index: int = 0) -> Dict:
         """
         Overview:
             The forward function for evaluating the current policy in eval mode. Use model to execute MCTS search.
diff --git a/lzero/worker/muzero_collector.py b/lzero/worker/muzero_collector.py
index 9933f816e..97c3842d3 100644
--- a/lzero/worker/muzero_collector.py
+++ b/lzero/worker/muzero_collector.py
@@ -352,6 +352,7 @@ def collect(self,
 
         action_mask_dict = {i: to_ndarray(init_obs[i]['action_mask']) for i in range(env_nums)}
         to_play_dict = {i: to_ndarray(init_obs[i]['to_play']) for i in range(env_nums)}
+        step_index_dict = {i: to_ndarray(init_obs[i]['step_index']) for i in range(env_nums)}
         if self.policy_config.use_ture_chance_label_in_chance_encoder:
             chance_dict = {i: to_ndarray(init_obs[i]['chance']) for i in range(env_nums)}
 
@@ -409,8 +410,12 @@ def collect(self,
 
                 action_mask_dict = {env_id: action_mask_dict[env_id] for env_id in ready_env_id}
                 to_play_dict = {env_id: to_play_dict[env_id] for env_id in ready_env_id}
+                step_index_dict = {env_id: step_index_dict[env_id] for env_id in ready_env_id}
+                
                 action_mask = [action_mask_dict[env_id] for env_id in ready_env_id]
                 to_play = [to_play_dict[env_id] for env_id in ready_env_id]
+                step_index = [step_index_dict[env_id] for env_id in ready_env_id]
+                
                 if self.policy_config.use_ture_chance_label_in_chance_encoder:
                     chance_dict = {env_id: chance_dict[env_id] for env_id in ready_env_id}
 
@@ -423,12 +428,13 @@ def collect(self,
                 # Key policy forward step
                 # ==============================================================
                 # print(f'ready_env_id:{ready_env_id}')
-                policy_output = self._policy.forward(stack_obs, action_mask, temperature, to_play, epsilon, ready_env_id=ready_env_id)
+                policy_output = self._policy.forward(stack_obs, action_mask, temperature, to_play, epsilon, ready_env_id=ready_env_id, step_index=step_index)
 
                 # Extract relevant policy outputs
                 actions_with_env_id = {k: v['action'] for k, v in policy_output.items()}
                 value_dict_with_env_id = {k: v['searched_value'] for k, v in policy_output.items()}
                 pred_value_dict_with_env_id = {k: v['predicted_value'] for k, v in policy_output.items()}
+                step_index_dict_with_env_id = {k: v['step_index'] for k, v in policy_output.items()}
 
                 if self.policy_config.sampled_algo:
                     root_sampled_actions_dict_with_env_id = {
@@ -450,6 +456,7 @@ def collect(self,
                 actions = {}
                 value_dict = {}
                 pred_value_dict = {}
+                step_index_dict = {}
 
                 if not collect_with_pure_policy:
                     distributions_dict = {}
@@ -467,6 +474,7 @@ def collect(self,
                     actions[env_id] = actions_with_env_id.pop(env_id)
                     value_dict[env_id] = value_dict_with_env_id.pop(env_id)
                     pred_value_dict[env_id] = pred_value_dict_with_env_id.pop(env_id)
+                    step_index_dict[env_id] = step_index_dict_with_env_id.pop(env_id)
 
                     if not collect_with_pure_policy:
                         distributions_dict[env_id] = distributions_dict_with_env_id.pop(env_id)
@@ -517,18 +525,19 @@ def collect(self,
                     if self.policy_config.use_ture_chance_label_in_chance_encoder:
                         game_segments[env_id].append(
                             actions[env_id], to_ndarray(obs['observation']), reward, action_mask_dict[env_id],
-                            to_play_dict[env_id], chance_dict[env_id]
+                            to_play_dict[env_id], chance_dict[env_id], step_index_dict[env_id]
                         )
                     else:
                         game_segments[env_id].append(
                             actions[env_id], to_ndarray(obs['observation']), reward, action_mask_dict[env_id],
-                            to_play_dict[env_id]
+                            to_play_dict[env_id], step_index_dict[env_id]
                         )
 
                     # NOTE: the position of code snippet is very important.
                     # the obs['action_mask'] and obs['to_play'] are corresponding to the next action
                     action_mask_dict[env_id] = to_ndarray(obs['action_mask'])
                     to_play_dict[env_id] = to_ndarray(obs['to_play'])
+                    step_index_dict[env_id] = to_ndarray(obs['step_index'])
                     if self.policy_config.use_ture_chance_label_in_chance_encoder:
                         chance_dict[env_id] = to_ndarray(obs['chance'])
 
@@ -659,6 +668,7 @@ def collect(self,
 
                         action_mask_dict[env_id] = to_ndarray(init_obs[env_id]['action_mask'])
                         to_play_dict[env_id] = to_ndarray(init_obs[env_id]['to_play'])
+                        step_index_dict[env_id] = to_ndarray(init_obs[env_id]['step_index'])
                         if self.policy_config.use_ture_chance_label_in_chance_encoder:
                             chance_dict[env_id] = to_ndarray(init_obs[env_id]['chance'])
 
diff --git a/zoo/atari/config/atari_unizero_config.py b/zoo/atari/config/atari_unizero_config.py
index 1c549010f..fe4ea8ed9 100644
--- a/zoo/atari/config/atari_unizero_config.py
+++ b/zoo/atari/config/atari_unizero_config.py
@@ -51,21 +51,25 @@
             observation_shape=(3, 64, 64),
             action_space_size=action_space_size,
             world_model_cfg=dict(
+                rotary_emb=False,
                 max_blocks=num_unroll_steps,
                 max_tokens=2 * num_unroll_steps,  # NOTE: each timestep has 2 tokens: obs and action
                 context_length=2 * infer_context_length,
                 device='cuda',
                 # device='cpu',
                 action_space_size=action_space_size,
-                num_layers=4,
+                num_layers=2,
                 num_heads=8,
                 embed_dim=768,
+                # for RoPE
+                rope_theta=10000,
+                max_seq_len=2048,
                 obs_type='image',
                 env_num=max(collector_env_num, evaluator_env_num),
             ),
         ),
         # (str) The path of the pretrained model. If None, the model will be initialized by the default model.
-        model_path=None,
+        model_path=None, # 
         num_unroll_steps=num_unroll_steps,
         update_per_collect=update_per_collect,
         replay_ratio=replay_ratio,
@@ -101,6 +105,6 @@
     seeds = [0]  # You can add more seed values here
     for seed in seeds:
         # Update exp_name to include the current seed
-        main_config.exp_name = f'data_unizero/{env_id[:-14]}_stack1_unizero_upc{update_per_collect}-rr{replay_ratio}_H{num_unroll_steps}_bs{batch_size}_seed{seed}'
+        main_config.exp_name = f'data_unizero_debug/{env_id[:-14]}_stack1_unizero_upc{update_per_collect}-rr{replay_ratio}_H{num_unroll_steps}_bs{batch_size}_seed{seed}'
         from lzero.entry import train_unizero
         train_unizero([main_config, create_config], seed=seed, model_path=main_config.policy.model_path, max_env_step=max_env_step)
diff --git a/zoo/atari/envs/atari_lightzero_env.py b/zoo/atari/envs/atari_lightzero_env.py
index 84288feb5..f09e98165 100644
--- a/zoo/atari/envs/atari_lightzero_env.py
+++ b/zoo/atari/envs/atari_lightzero_env.py
@@ -100,6 +100,7 @@ def __init__(self, cfg: EasyDict) -> None:
         self.clip_rewards = cfg.clip_rewards
         self.episode_life = cfg.episode_life
 
+        self.step_index = 0
     def reset(self) -> dict:
         """
         Overview:
@@ -133,6 +134,7 @@ def reset(self) -> dict:
         self.obs = to_ndarray(obs)
         self._eval_episode_return = 0.
         obs = self.observe()
+        self.step_index = 0
         return obs
 
     def step(self, action: int) -> BaseEnvTimestep:
@@ -151,7 +153,8 @@ def step(self, action: int) -> BaseEnvTimestep:
         observation = self.observe()
         if done:
             info['eval_episode_return'] = self._eval_episode_return
-
+        else:
+            self.step_index += 1
         return BaseEnvTimestep(observation, self.reward, done, info)
 
     def observe(self) -> dict:
@@ -169,7 +172,7 @@ def observe(self) -> dict:
             observation = np.transpose(observation, (2, 0, 1))
 
         action_mask = np.ones(self._action_space.n, 'int8')
-        return {'observation': observation, 'action_mask': action_mask, 'to_play': -1}
+        return {'observation': observation, 'action_mask': action_mask, 'to_play': -1, 'step_index': self.step_index}
 
     @property
     def legal_actions(self):