http_server_coro.cpp

//
// Copyright (c) 2016-2019 Vinnie Falco (vinnie dot falco at gmail dot com)
//
// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
// file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
//
// Official repository: https://github.com/boostorg/beast
//

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------
//
// Example: HTTP server, coroutine
//
//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#include <boost/beast/core.hpp>
#include <boost/beast/http.hpp>
#include <boost/beast/version.hpp>
#include <boost/asio/ip/tcp.hpp>
#include <boost/asio/spawn.hpp>
#include <boost/config.hpp>
#include <algorithm>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <thread>
#include <vector>
#include <chrono>

using namespace std::chrono_literals;

#include <nghttp2/asio_http2.h>
#include <nghttp2/asio_http2_server.h>

namespace beast = boost::beast;         // from <boost/beast.hpp>
namespace http = beast::http;           // from <boost/beast/http.hpp>
namespace net = boost::asio;            // from <boost/asio.hpp>
using tcp = boost::asio::ip::tcp;       // from <boost/asio/ip/tcp.hpp>

static nghttp2::asio_http2::server::http2 http2server;

// Return a reasonable mime type based on the extension of a file.
beast::string_view
mime_type(beast::string_view path)
{
    using beast::iequals;
    auto const ext = [&path]
    {
        auto const pos = path.rfind(".");
        if(pos == beast::string_view::npos)
            return beast::string_view{};
        return path.substr(pos);
    }();
    if(iequals(ext, ".htm"))  return "text/html";
    if(iequals(ext, ".html")) return "text/html";
    if(iequals(ext, ".php"))  return "text/html";
    if(iequals(ext, ".css"))  return "text/css";
    if(iequals(ext, ".txt"))  return "text/plain";
    if(iequals(ext, ".js"))   return "application/javascript";
    if(iequals(ext, ".json")) return "application/json";
    if(iequals(ext, ".xml"))  return "application/xml";
    if(iequals(ext, ".swf"))  return "application/x-shockwave-flash";
    if(iequals(ext, ".flv"))  return "video/x-flv";
    if(iequals(ext, ".png"))  return "image/png";
    if(iequals(ext, ".jpe"))  return "image/jpeg";
    if(iequals(ext, ".jpeg")) return "image/jpeg";
    if(iequals(ext, ".jpg"))  return "image/jpeg";
    if(iequals(ext, ".gif"))  return "image/gif";
    if(iequals(ext, ".bmp"))  return "image/bmp";
    if(iequals(ext, ".ico"))  return "image/vnd.microsoft.icon";
    if(iequals(ext, ".tiff")) return "image/tiff";
    if(iequals(ext, ".tif"))  return "image/tiff";
    if(iequals(ext, ".svg"))  return "image/svg+xml";
    if(iequals(ext, ".svgz")) return "image/svg+xml";
    return "application/text";
}

// Append an HTTP rel-path to a local filesystem path.
// The returned path is normalized for the platform.
std::string
path_cat(
    beast::string_view base,
    beast::string_view path)
{
    if(base.empty())
        return std::string(path);
    std::string result(base);
#ifdef BOOST_MSVC
    char constexpr path_separator = '\\';
    if(result.back() == path_separator)
        result.resize(result.size() - 1);
    result.append(path.data(), path.size());
    for(auto& c : result)
        if(c == '/')
            c = path_separator;
#else
    char constexpr path_separator = '/';
    if(result.back() == path_separator)
        result.resize(result.size() - 1);
    result.append(path.data(), path.size());
#endif
    return result;
}

// This function produces an HTTP response for the given
// request. The type of the response object depends on the
// contents of the request, so the interface requires the
// caller to pass a generic lambda for receiving the response.
template<
    class Body, class Allocator,
    class Send>
void
handle_request(
    beast::string_view doc_root,
    http::request<Body, http::basic_fields<Allocator>>&& req,
    Send&& send)
{
    // Returns a bad request response
    auto const bad_request =
    [&req](beast::string_view why)
    {
        http::response<http::string_body> res{http::status::bad_request, req.version()};
        res.set(http::field::server, BOOST_BEAST_VERSION_STRING);
        res.set(http::field::content_type, "text/html");
        res.keep_alive(req.keep_alive());
        res.body() = std::string(why);
        res.prepare_payload();
        return res;
    };

    // Returns a not found response
    auto const not_found =
    [&req](beast::string_view target)
    {
        http::response<http::string_body> res{http::status::not_found, req.version()};
        res.set(http::field::server, BOOST_BEAST_VERSION_STRING);
        res.set(http::field::content_type, "text/html");
        res.keep_alive(req.keep_alive());
        res.body() = "The resource '" + std::string(target) + "' was not found.";
        res.prepare_payload();
        return res;
    };

    // Returns a server error response
    auto const server_error =
    [&req](beast::string_view what)
    {
        http::response<http::string_body> res{http::status::internal_server_error, req.version()};
        res.set(http::field::server, BOOST_BEAST_VERSION_STRING);
        res.set(http::field::content_type, "text/html");
        res.keep_alive(req.keep_alive());
        res.body() = "An error occurred: '" + std::string(what) + "'";
        res.prepare_payload();
        return res;
    };

    // Make sure we can handle the method
    if( req.method() != http::verb::get &&
        req.method() != http::verb::head)
        return send(bad_request("Unknown HTTP-method"));

    // Request path must be absolute and not contain "..".
    if( req.target().empty() ||
        req.target()[0] != '/' ||
        req.target().find("..") != beast::string_view::npos)
        return send(bad_request("Illegal request-target"));

    if (!req["Upgrade"].empty())
    {
        std::cout << "Connection: " << req["Connection"] << std::endl;
        std::cout << "Upgrade: " << req["Upgrade"] << std::endl;
        std::cout << "HTTP2-Settings: " << req["HTTP2-Settings"] << std::endl;
        
        http::response<http::string_body> res{http::status::switching_protocols, req.version()};
        res.set(http::field::connection, "Upgrade");
        res.set(http::field::upgrade, "h2c");
        send(std::move(res));
        tcp::socket socket = send.stream_.release_socket();
        // socket.async_send(boost::asio::buffer("blah"), [](const boost::system::error_code& e, size_t nsent){
        //      std::cout << e << ", sent " << nsent << " bytes" << std::endl;
        // });
        // FIXME: must pass request line somehow
        http2server.add_connection(std::move(socket), std::string(req["HTTP2-Settings"]));
        // http2server.add_connection(std::move(send.stream_), std::string(req["HTTP2-Settings"]));
        send.close_ = true;
        send.detach_ = true;
        return;
    };

    // Build the path to the requested file
    std::string path = path_cat(doc_root, req.target());
    if(req.target().back() == '/')
        path.append("index.html");

    // Attempt to open the file
    beast::error_code ec;
    http::file_body::value_type body;
    body.open(path.c_str(), beast::file_mode::scan, ec);

    // Handle the case where the file doesn't exist
    if(ec == beast::errc::no_such_file_or_directory)
        return send(not_found(req.target()));

    // Handle an unknown error
    if(ec)
        return send(server_error(ec.message()));

    // Cache the size since we need it after the move
    auto const size = body.size();

    // Respond to HEAD request
    if(req.method() == http::verb::head)
    {
        http::response<http::empty_body> res{http::status::ok, req.version()};
        res.set(http::field::server, BOOST_BEAST_VERSION_STRING);
        res.set(http::field::content_type, mime_type(path));
        res.content_length(size);
        res.keep_alive(req.keep_alive());
        return send(std::move(res));
    }

    // Respond to GET request
    http::response<http::file_body> res{
        std::piecewise_construct,
        std::make_tuple(std::move(body)),
        std::make_tuple(http::status::ok, req.version())};
    res.set(http::field::server, BOOST_BEAST_VERSION_STRING);
    res.set(http::field::content_type, mime_type(path));
    res.content_length(size);
    res.keep_alive(req.keep_alive());
    return send(std::move(res));
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Report a failure
void
fail(beast::error_code ec, char const* what)
{
    std::cerr << what << ": " << ec.message() << "\n";
}

// This is the C++11 equivalent of a generic lambda.
// The function object is used to send an HTTP message.
struct send_lambda
{
    beast::tcp_stream& stream_;
    bool& close_;
    bool& detach_;
    beast::error_code& ec_;
    net::yield_context yield_;

    send_lambda(
        beast::tcp_stream& stream,
        bool& close,
        bool& detach,
        beast::error_code& ec,
        net::yield_context yield)
        : stream_(stream)
        , close_(close)
        , detach_(detach)
        , ec_(ec)
        , yield_(yield)
    {
    }

    template<bool isRequest, class Body, class Fields>
    void
    operator()(http::message<isRequest, Body, Fields>&& msg) const
    {
        // Determine if we should close the connection after
        close_ = msg.need_eof();

        // We need the serializer here because the serializer requires
        // a non-const file_body, and the message oriented version of
        // http::write only works with const messages.
        http::serializer<isRequest, Body, Fields> sr{msg};
        http::async_write(stream_, sr, yield_[ec_]);
    }
};

// Handles an HTTP server connection
void
do_session(
    beast::tcp_stream& stream,
    std::shared_ptr<std::string const> const& doc_root,
    net::yield_context yield)
{
    bool close = false;
    bool detach = false;
    beast::error_code ec;

    // This buffer is required to persist across reads
    beast::flat_buffer buffer;

    // This lambda is used to send messages
    send_lambda lambda{stream, close, detach, ec, yield};

    for(;;)
    {
        // Set the timeout.
        stream.expires_after(std::chrono::seconds(30));

        // Read a request
        http::request<http::string_body> req;
        http::async_read(stream, buffer, req, yield[ec]);
        if(ec == http::error::end_of_stream)
            break;
        if(ec)
            return fail(ec, "read");

        // Send the response
        handle_request(*doc_root, std::move(req), lambda);
        if(ec)
            return fail(ec, "write");
        if(close)
        {
            // This means we should close the connection, usually because
            // the response indicated the "Connection: close" semantic.
            break;
        }
    }

    // Send a TCP shutdown
    if (!detach)
        stream.socket().shutdown(tcp::socket::shutdown_send, ec);

    // At this point the connection is closed gracefully
}

//------------------------------------------------------------------------------

// Accepts incoming connections and launches the sessions
void
do_listen(
    net::io_context& ioc,
    tcp::endpoint endpoint,
    std::shared_ptr<std::string const> const& doc_root,
    net::yield_context yield)
{
    beast::error_code ec;

    // Open the acceptor
    tcp::acceptor acceptor(ioc);
    acceptor.open(endpoint.protocol(), ec);
    if(ec)
        return fail(ec, "open");

    // Allow address reuse
    acceptor.set_option(net::socket_base::reuse_address(true), ec);
    if(ec)
        return fail(ec, "set_option");

    // Bind to the server address
    acceptor.bind(endpoint, ec);
    if(ec)
        return fail(ec, "bind");

    // Start listening for connections
    acceptor.listen(net::socket_base::max_listen_connections, ec);
    if(ec)
        return fail(ec, "listen");

    for(;;)
    {
        tcp::socket socket(ioc);
        acceptor.async_accept(socket, yield[ec]);
        if(ec)
            fail(ec, "accept");
        else
            boost::asio::spawn(
                acceptor.get_executor(),
                std::bind(
                    &do_session,
                    beast::tcp_stream(std::move(socket)),
                    doc_root,
                    std::placeholders::_1));
    }
}

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
    // Check command line arguments.
    if (argc != 5)
    {
        std::cerr <<
            "Usage: http-server-coro <address> <port> <doc_root> <threads>\n" <<
            "Example:\n" <<
            "    http-server-coro 0.0.0.0 8080 . 1\n";
        return EXIT_FAILURE;
    }
    auto const address = net::ip::make_address(argv[1]);
    auto const port = static_cast<unsigned short>(std::atoi(argv[2]));
    auto const doc_root = std::make_shared<std::string>(argv[3]);
    auto const threads = std::max<int>(1, std::atoi(argv[4]));

    {
        using namespace nghttp2::asio_http2::server;
        http2server.handle("/", [](const request &req, const response &res) {
            res.write_head(200);
            res.end("under construction!\n");
        });

#if 1
        http2server.create();
#else
        boost::system::error_code bec;
        http2server.listen_and_serve(bec, "", "0", true);

        for (auto endpoint : http2server.endpoints())
            std::cout << "http2 server listening on " << endpoint << std::endl;
#endif
    }    

    // The io_context is required for all I/O
    net::io_context ioc{threads};

    // Spawn a listening port
    boost::asio::spawn(ioc,
        std::bind(
            &do_listen,
            std::ref(ioc),
            tcp::endpoint{address, port},
            doc_root,
            std::placeholders::_1));

    // Run the I/O service on the requested number of threads
    std::vector<std::thread> v;
    v.reserve(threads - 1);
    for(auto i = threads - 1; i > 0; --i)
        v.emplace_back(
        [&ioc]
        {
            ioc.run();
        });
    ioc.run();

    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}