PCEP-30-02 2.1 decision-making and.txt

PCEP-30-02 2.1 decision-making and branching with the if instruction:

1. Which keyword is used to start a conditional statement in Python?
A: when
B: if
C: switch
D: case

2. What is the correct syntax for an if-else statement in Python?
A: if condition:
      code
   else:
      code
B: if (condition) {
      code
   } else {
      code
   }
C: if condition then
      code
   else
      code
   endif
D: if condition:
      code
   elseif:
      code

3. How many branches can an if-elif-else statement have?
A: Only 2
B: Exactly 3
C: At least 2, but no upper limit
D: At most 3

4. What happens if none of the conditions in an if-elif-else statement are true?
A: The program crashes
B: The else block is executed
C: Nothing happens
D: The first if block is executed by default

5. Which of the following is NOT a valid comparison operator in Python?
A: ==
B: !=
C: <>
D: >=

6. What is the output of the following code?
```python
x = 5
if x > 0:
    print("Positive")
elif x < 0:
    print("Negative")
else:
    print("Zero")
```
A: Positive
B: Negative
C: Zero
D: No output

7. How do you write a nested if statement in Python?
A: By using curly braces {}
B: By using the 'nested' keyword
C: By indenting the inner if statement
D: It's not possible to nest if statements in Python

8. What is the purpose of the 'pass' statement in Python?
A: To skip the rest of the code in a block
B: To indicate an empty block of code
C: To pass control to the next iteration of a loop
D: To raise an exception

9. Which logical operator is used to combine conditions in Python?
A: && and ||
B: AND and OR
C: and and or
D: & and |

10. What will be the output of this code?
```python
a = 10
b = 20
if a > b:
    print("a is greater")
else:
    print("b is greater or equal")
```
A: a is greater
B: b is greater or equal
C: No output
D: Syntax error

11. How can you write a one-line if-else statement in Python?
A: if condition: statement1 else: statement2
B: condition ? statement1 : statement2
C: statement1 if condition else statement2
D: (condition) ? (statement1) : (statement2)

12. What is the correct way to check if a variable x is between 10 and 20 (inclusive)?
A: if x >= 10 and x <= 20:
B: if 10 <= x <= 20:
C: if x in range(10, 21):
D: All of the above

13. What will be the output of this code?
```python
x = 5
y = 10
z = 15
if x < y < z:
    print("Y is between X and Z")
else:
    print("Y is not between X and Z")
```
A: Y is between X and Z
B: Y is not between X and Z
C: Syntax error
D: No output

14. Which of the following is a valid way to start an elif statement?
A: elseif condition:
B: else if condition:
C: elif condition:
D: elsif condition:

15. What is the output of this code?
```python
x = True
y = False
if x or y:
    print("At least one is True")
else:
    print("Both are False")
```
A: At least one is True
B: Both are False
C: Syntax error
D: No output

16. How can you check if a variable is None in Python?
A: if variable == None:
B: if variable is None:
C: if Not variable:
D: if variable.isNone():

17. What will be the output of this code?
```python
x = 10
if x > 5:
    print("Greater than 5")
if x > 8:
    print("Greater than 8")
if x > 15:
    print("Greater than 15")
```
A: Greater than 5
B: Greater than 8
C: Greater than 5
   Greater than 8
D: Greater than 5
   Greater than 8
   Greater than 15

18. Which of the following is NOT a valid way to write an if statement in Python?
A: if (x > 0): print("Positive")
B: if x > 0: print("Positive")
C: if x > 0 then print("Positive")
D: if x > 0:
       print("Positive")

19. What is the purpose of the 'not' operator in conditional statements?
A: To combine conditions
B: To negate a condition
C: To compare equality
D: To check for membership

20. What will be the output of this code?
```python
x = 5
if x == 5:
    print("Five")
elif x == 5:
    print("Also Five")
else:
    print("Not Five")
```
A: Five
B: Also Five
C: Not Five
D: Five
   Also Five

21. How can you check if a variable is either 5, 10, or 15?
A: if x == 5 or 10 or 15:
B: if x == 5 or x == 10 or x == 15:
C: if x in (5, 10, 15):
D: Both B and C

22. What is the output of this code?
```python
x = 0
if x:
    print("Truthy")
else:
    print("Falsy")
```
A: Truthy
B: Falsy
C: 0
D: No output

23. Which of the following is a valid way to start an else statement?
A: else:
B: else():
C: else {}:
D: otherwise:

24. What will be the output of this code?
```python
x = 10
y = 20
if x > y:
    print("X is greater")
elif x == y:
    print("X and Y are equal")
elif x < y:
    print("Y is greater")
else:
    print("This won't be printed")
```
A: X is greater
B: X and Y are equal
C: Y is greater
D: This won't be printed

25. How can you write a conditional expression that assigns 10 to x if y is greater than 0, and 20 otherwise?
A: x = 10 if y > 0 else 20
B: x = y > 0 ? 10 : 20
C: x = (y > 0) && 10 || 20
D: if y > 0 then x = 10 else x = 20

Answers:
1. B, 2. A, 3. C, 4. B, 5. C, 6. A, 7. C, 8. B, 9. C, 10. B, 11. C, 12. D, 13. A, 14. C, 15. A, 16. B, 17. C, 18. C, 19. B, 20. A, 21. D, 22. B, 23. A, 24. C, 25. A