added escape sequences glossary entry and minor improvements

Author: thomasWeise

bookbase

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@
 This time, we begin by defining a set \pythonil{odd} containing the first eight odd integers.
 Sets, like lists and tuples, support both the \pythonilIdx{in}\pythonIdx{set!in} and \pythonilIdx{not in}\pythonIdx{set!not in} operators.
 In the context of sets, they are equivalent to the $\in$ and $\notin$ operations from, well, set theory.
-We illustrate this in our small example using the unicode escape sequences \pythonil{\\u2208} and \pythonil{\\u2209} for both characters~(see back in \cref{sec:unicodeChars}).
+We illustrate this in our small example using the unicode \pglspl{escapeSequence}~\pythonil{\\u2208} and \pythonil{\\u2209} for both characters~(see back in \cref{sec:unicodeChars}).
 Both \pythonil{3 in odd} and \pythonil{2 not in odd} are \pythonil{True}.%
 %
 \begin{sloppypar}%

text/main/basics/collections/sets/sets.tex

@@ -143,11 +143,14 @@
 Shifting \pythonil{22} by two bit positions to the \emph{right} -- which is done by entering \pythonil{22 >> 2}\pythonIdx{>\strut>} -- results in \pythonil{5}.
 The \pythonil{10} on the right hand side of the binary representation disappeared, as \pythonil{bin(5)} is \pythonil{'0b101'}.
 
-Besides the binary representation of integer numbers, which is to the basis~2, there also exists the hexadecimal representation (base~16) and the octal representation (base~7).
+\hinput{.}{numberTable.tex}
+
+Besides the binary representation of integer numbers, which is to the~base~2, there also exists the hexadecimal representation~(base~16) and the octal representation~(base~7).
 We can obtain the hexadecimal representation of~22 by computing \pythonil{hex(22)}\pythonIdx{hex} and get \pythonil{0x16}\pythonIdx{0x}, which corresponds to~$1*16^1+6*1=22$.
 We can also enter hexadecimal numbers in the console like \pythonil{0x16}, which yields~\pythonil{22}.
 The octal representation of~22 is obtained as \pythonil{oct(22)}\pythonIdx{oct}, which produces \pythonil{0o26}\pythonIdx{0o}, which, in turn, corresponds to~$2*8^1+6$.
 Similarly, this octal number can be entered as \pythonil{0o26}.
+As a refresher on these numerical systems, we include \cref{tbl:numbersBases}, which illustrates decimal, binary, octal, and hexdecimal notations of the first couple of natural numbers.
 
 You may wonder:~\inQuotes{How does an \pythonil{int} know whether it was entered in hexadecimal, octal, binary, or decimal notation?}
 It does not.

text/main/basics/simpleDataTypesAndOperations/int/int.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+\begin{table}%
+\centering%
+\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2em}%
+\caption{A table with number conversions to the decimal~(dec), binary~(bin), octal~(oct), and hexadecimal~(hex) systems. The values of the digits are noted in the second row of the header. Powers of the bases are highlighted.}%
+\label{tbl:numbersBases}%
+\smallskip%
+\resizebox{0.99999\linewidth}{!}{
+\begin{tabular}{cc|ccccccc|ccc|cc||cc|ccccccc|ccc|cc}%
+\hline%
+\multicolumn{2}{c|}{\textbf{dec}}&\multicolumn{7}{c|}{\textbf{bin}}&\multicolumn{3}{c|}{\textbf{oct}}&\multicolumn{2}{c||}{\textbf{hex}}&\multicolumn{2}{c|}{\textbf{dec}}&\multicolumn{7}{c|}{\textbf{bin}}&\multicolumn{3}{c|}{\textbf{oct}}&\multicolumn{2}{c}{\textbf{hex}}\\%
+\parbox{2ex}{\centering\noindent10}&\parbox{2ex}{\centering\noindent1}&\parbox{2ex}{\centering\noindent64}&\parbox{2ex}{\centering\noindent32}&\parbox{2ex}{\centering\noindent16}&\parbox{2ex}{\centering\noindent8}&\parbox{2ex}{\centering\noindent4}&\parbox{2ex}{\centering\noindent2}&\parbox{2ex}{\centering\noindent1}&\parbox{2ex}{\centering\noindent64}&\parbox{2ex}{\centering\noindent8}&\parbox{2ex}{\centering\noindent1}&\parbox{2ex}{\centering\noindent16}&\parbox{2ex}{\centering\noindent1}&\parbox{2ex}{\centering\noindent10}&\parbox{2ex}{\centering\noindent1}&\parbox{2ex}{\centering\noindent64}&\parbox{2ex}{\centering\noindent32}&\parbox{2ex}{\centering\noindent16}&\parbox{2ex}{\centering\noindent8}&\parbox{2ex}{\centering\noindent4}&\parbox{2ex}{\centering\noindent2}&\parbox{2ex}{\centering\noindent1}&\parbox{2ex}{\centering\noindent64}&\parbox{2ex}{\centering\noindent8}&\parbox{2ex}{\centering\noindent1}&\parbox{2ex}{\centering\noindent16}&\parbox{2ex}{\centering\noindent1}\\%
+\hline%
+0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&0&\textcolor{red}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{red}{\textbf{1}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{1}}&\textcolor{violet}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{violet}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{violet}{\textbf{1}}&\textcolor{green!80!black}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{green!80!black}{\textbf{1}}\\%
+\rowcolor{gray!20}0&2&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{1}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&0&0&2&0&2&0&3&0&0&0&0&0&1&1&0&0&3&0&3\\%
+0&4&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{1}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&0&0&4&0&4&0&5&0&0&0&0&1&0&1&0&0&5&0&5\\%
+\rowcolor{gray!20}0&6&0&0&0&0&1&1&0&0&0&6&0&6&0&7&0&0&0&0&1&1&1&0&0&7&0&7\\%
+0&8&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{1}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{violet}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{violet}{\textbf{1}}&\textcolor{violet}{\textbf{0}}&0&8&0&9&0&0&0&1&0&0&1&0&1&1&0&9\\%
+\rowcolor{gray!20}\textcolor{red}{\textbf{1}}&\textcolor{red}{\textbf{0}}&0&0&0&1&0&1&0&0&1&2&0&a&1&1&0&0&0&1&0&1&1&0&1&3&0&b\\%
+1&2&0&0&0&1&1&0&0&0&1&4&0&c&1&3&0&0&0&1&1&0&1&0&1&5&0&d\\%
+\rowcolor{gray!20}1&4&0&0&0&1&1&1&0&0&1&6&0&e&1&5&0&0&0&1&1&1&1&0&1&7&0&f\\%
+1&6&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{1}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&0&2&0&\textcolor{green!80!black}{\textbf{1}}&\textcolor{green!80!black}{\textbf{0}}&1&7&0&0&1&0&0&0&1&0&2&1&1&1\\%
+\rowcolor{gray!20}1&8&0&0&1&0&0&1&0&0&2&2&1&2&1&9&0&0&1&0&0&1&1&0&2&3&1&3\\%
+2&0&0&0&1&0&1&0&0&0&2&4&1&4&2&1&0&0&1&0&1&0&1&0&2&5&1&5\\%
+\rowcolor{gray!20}2&2&0&0&1&0&1&1&0&0&2&6&1&6&2&3&0&0&1&0&1&1&1&0&2&7&1&7\\%
+2&4&0&0&1&1&0&0&0&0&3&0&1&8&2&5&0&0&1&1&0&0&1&0&3&1&1&9\\%
+\rowcolor{gray!20}2&6&0&0&1&1&0&1&0&0&3&2&1&a&2&7&0&0&1&1&0&1&1&0&3&3&1&b\\%
+2&8&0&0&1&1&1&0&0&0&3&4&1&c&2&9&0&0&1&1&1&0&1&0&3&5&1&d\\%
+\rowcolor{gray!20}3&0&0&0&1&1&1&1&0&0&3&6&1&e&3&1&0&0&1&1&1&1&1&0&3&7&1&f\\%
+3&2&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{1}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&0&4&0&2&0&3&3&0&1&0&0&0&0&1&0&4&1&2&1\\%
+\rowcolor{gray!20}3&4&0&1&0&0&0&1&0&0&4&2&2&2&3&5&0&1&0&0&0&1&1&0&4&3&2&3\\%
+3&6&0&1&0&0&1&0&0&0&4&4&2&4&3&7&0&1&0&0&1&0&1&0&4&5&2&5\\%
+\rowcolor{gray!20}3&8&0&1&0&0&1&1&0&0&4&6&2&6&3&9&0&1&0&0&1&1&1&0&4&7&2&7\\%
+4&0&0&1&0&1&0&0&0&0&5&0&2&8&4&1&0&1&0&1&0&0&1&0&5&1&2&9\\%
+\rowcolor{gray!20}4&2&0&1&0&1&0&1&0&0&5&2&2&a&4&3&0&1&0&1&0&1&1&0&5&3&2&b\\%
+4&4&0&1&0&1&1&0&0&0&5&4&2&c&4&5&0&1&0&1&1&0&1&0&5&5&2&d\\%
+\rowcolor{gray!20}4&6&0&1&0&1&1&1&0&0&5&6&2&e&4&7&0&1&0&1&1&1&1&0&5&7&2&f\\%
+4&8&0&1&1&0&0&0&0&0&6&0&3&0&4&9&0&1&1&0&0&0&1&0&6&1&3&1\\%
+\rowcolor{gray!20}5&0&0&1&1&0&0&1&0&0&6&2&3&2&5&1&0&1&1&0&0&1&1&0&6&3&3&3\\%
+5&2&0&1&1&0&1&0&0&0&6&4&3&4&5&3&0&1&1&0&1&0&1&0&6&5&3&5\\%
+\rowcolor{gray!20}5&4&0&1&1&0&1&1&0&0&6&6&3&6&5&5&0&1&1&0&1&1&1&0&6&7&3&7\\%
+5&6&0&1&1&1&0&0&0&0&7&0&3&8&5&7&0&1&1&1&0&0&1&0&7&1&3&9\\%
+\rowcolor{gray!20}5&8&0&1&1&1&0&1&0&0&7&2&3&a&5&9&0&1&1&1&0&1&1&0&7&3&3&b\\%
+6&0&0&1&1&1&1&0&0&0&7&4&3&c&6&1&0&1&1&1&1&0&1&0&7&5&3&d\\%
+\rowcolor{gray!20}6&2&0&1&1&1&1&1&0&0&7&6&3&e&6&3&0&1&1&1&1&1&1&0&7&7&3&f\\%
+6&4&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{1}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{blue}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{violet}{\textbf{1}}&\textcolor{violet}{\textbf{0}}&\textcolor{violet}{\textbf{0}}&4&0&6&5&1&0&0&0&0&0&1&1&0&1&4&1\\%
+\hline%
+\end{tabular}%
+}%
+\end{table}%

text/main/basics/simpleDataTypesAndOperations/int/numberTable.tex

@@ -0,0 +1,92 @@
+"""Create a LaTeX table with numbers in different systems."""
+from math import ceil, log
+
+COLUMNS = 2
+MAX_NUMBER = COLUMNS * ceil((64 + 1) / COLUMNS)
+
+BASES = {"dec": 10, "bin": 2, "oct": 8, "hex": 16}
+HIGHLIGHTS = ["red", "blue", "violet", "green!80!black"]
+
+BASE_NAMES_LIST = ["decimal~(dec)", "binary~(bin)", "octal~(oct)",
+                   "hexadecimal~(hex)"]
+DIGITS = [hex(i)[-1] for i in range(max(BASES.values()))]
+
+print(r"\begin{table}%")
+print(r"\centering%")
+print(r"\setlength{\tabcolsep}{0.2em}%")
+
+base_names = ", ".join(BASE_NAMES_LIST[:-1]) + ", and " + BASE_NAMES_LIST[-1]
+print(
+    r"\caption{A table with number conversions to the "
+    + base_names.lower() +
+    " systems. The values of the digits are noted in the second row of "
+    "the header. Powers of the bases are highlighted.}%")
+print(r"\label{tbl:numbersBases}%")
+print(r"\smallskip%")
+print(r"\resizebox{0.99999\linewidth}{!}{")
+
+BASE_COLS = [int(ceil(log(MAX_NUMBER + 1, base))) for base in BASES.values()]
+COL_WIDTHS = [f"{ceil(log(base ** (BASE_COLS[i] - 1) + 1, 10))}ex"
+              for i, base in enumerate(BASES.values())]
+
+BASE_HEADER_1_lst = [r"\textbf{" + name + "}" for name in BASES]
+BASE_HEADER_1 = "&".join((r"\multicolumn{" + str(bc) + r"}{c" + (
+    "|" if i < len(BASE_COLS) - 1 else "ZZ") + "}{"
+    + BASE_HEADER_1_lst[i] + "}") for i, bc in enumerate(BASE_COLS))
+
+BASE_HEADER_2_lst = ["Base~" + str(base) for base in BASES.values()]
+BASE_HEADER_2 = "&".join((r"\multicolumn{" + str(bc) + r"}{c" + (
+    "|" if i < len(BASE_COLS) - 1 else "ZZ") + "}{"
+    + BASE_HEADER_2_lst[i] + "}") for i, bc in enumerate(BASE_COLS))
+BASE_HEADER_3 = "&".join(
+    (r"\parbox{" + COL_WIDTHS[i] + r"}{\centering\noindent" +
+    str(base ** (BASE_COLS[i] - j - 1)) + "}") for i, base in enumerate(
+    BASES.values()) for j in range(BASE_COLS[i]))
+BASE_COLS_STRS = "|".join(( ("c" * j) for i, j in enumerate(BASE_COLS)))
+
+print(r"\begin{tabular}{" + "||".join(BASE_COLS_STRS
+                                      for _ in range(COLUMNS)) + "}%")
+print(r"\hline%")
+print(("&".join(BASE_HEADER_1 for _ in range(COLUMNS)) + r"\\%").replace(
+    "ZZ", "||", COLUMNS-1).replace("ZZ", ""))
+#print(("&".join(BASE_HEADER_2 for _ in range(COLUMNS)) + r"\\%").replace(
+#    "ZZ", "||", COLUMNS-1).replace("ZZ", ""))
+print("&".join(BASE_HEADER_3 for _ in range(COLUMNS)) + r"\\%")
+print(r"\hline%")
+
+output = ""
+color_row = False
+for number in range(MAX_NUMBER):
+
+    for i, base in enumerate(BASES.values()):
+        use_num = number
+        if use_num > 0:
+            pw_check = log(use_num, base)
+            highlight = pw_check == int(pw_check)
+        else:
+            highlight = False
+        if highlight:
+            hls = r"\textcolor{" + HIGHLIGHTS[i] + r"}{\textbf{"
+            hle = r"}}"
+        else:
+            hls = hle = ""
+        for j in range(BASE_COLS[i]):
+            value = base ** (BASE_COLS[i] - j - 1)
+            res = use_num // value
+
+            output = output + hls + DIGITS[res] + hle + "&"
+            use_num = use_num % value
+
+    if (number + 1) % COLUMNS == 0:
+        output = output[:-1] + r"\\%"
+        if color_row:
+            output = r"\rowcolor{gray!20}" + output
+        color_row = not color_row
+        print(output)
+        output = ""
+        continue
+
+print(r"\hline%")
+print(r"\end{tabular}%")
+print("}%")
+print(r"\end{table}%")