NumberConverter.psm1

<#
.SYNOPSIS
   Convert a number from binary to decimal format.

.DESCRIPTION
    Returns a decimal representation of a number from a binary input.
    It is assumed that the input is unsigned and Int64 by default.

.EXAMPLE
    ConvertFrom-Binary -Value "0010 1010"

.EXAMPLE
    ConvertFrom-Binary -Format Int64 -Value "1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1111 1101 0110"

.EXAMPLE
    ConvertFrom-Binary -Format Int16 -Value "1111 1111 1101 0110"

.EXAMPLE
    ConvertFrom-Binary -Format UInt16 -Value "1111 1111 1101 0110"

.EXAMPLE
    ConvertFrom-Binary 101010

.EXAMPLE
    ConvertFrom-Binary 0b101010

.EXAMPLE
    "0010 1010" | ConvertFrom-Binary

.EXAMPLE
    @("0010 1010", 101010, 0b101010) | ConvertFrom-Binary
#>
function ConvertFrom-Binary {
  [CmdletBinding()]
  param (
    [Parameter(Mandatory, Position = 1, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
    [System.Object]
    $Value,
    # Target format of the conversion
    [ValidateSet("Int16", "Int32", "Int64", "UInt16", "UInt32", "UInt64")]
    [System.String]
    $Format = "UInt64"
  )

  begin {

    function getBinaryString {
      if ($Value -is [string]) {
        return $Value -replace "(0b)|\s", ""
      }
      # if we get a 0b01 number instead of a string
      else {
        return [System.Convert]::ToString($Value, 2)
      }
    }

    function toInt {
      return [System.Convert]::"To$Format"( (getBinaryString), 2)
    }

  }

  process { toInt }

  end {}
}


<#
.SYNOPSIS
   Convert a number from decimal to binary format.

.DESCRIPTION
    Returns a binary representation of a number from a decimal input.

.EXAMPLE
    ConvertTo-Binary -Value 42 -Prefixed -NoGrouping
    # Returns 0b101010

.EXAMPLE
    ConvertTo-Binary 42
    # Returns 0010 1010

.EXAMPLE
    ConvertTo-Binary -Value 42
    # Explicit value parameter

.EXAMPLE
    ConvertTo-Binary 0d42
    # Support for prefixed values

.EXAMPLE
    42 | ConvertTo-Binary
    # Pass single item from pipeline

.EXAMPLE
    @(42, -42, "0d42") | ConvertTo-Binary
    # Process array from pipeline
#>
function ConvertTo-Binary {
  [CmdletBinding()]
  param (
    [Parameter(Mandatory, Position = 1, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
    [System.String]
    $Value,
    # Activate prefix '0b'
    [switch]
    [bool]
    $Prefixed,
    # Disable spaces between groups of 4
    [switch]
    [bool]
    $NoGrouping
  )

  begin {

    function toBinaryString {
      $result = [System.Convert]::ToString( (getDecimal $Value), 2)

      if (-Not $NoGrouping) {
        $groups = ($result.PadLeft([decimal]::Ceiling($result.Length / 4) * 4, "0") -split "(?<=\G\d{4})")
        $result = ($groups | Join-String -Separator " ")
      }

      if ($Prefixed) { $result = "0b$result" }

      return $result.Trim()
    }

  }

  process { toBinaryString }

  end { }
}

<#
.SYNOPSIS
   Convert a number from octal to decimal format.

.DESCRIPTION
    Returns a decimal representation of a number from an octal input.
    It is assumed that the input is unsigned and Int64 by default.

.EXAMPLE
    ConvertFrom-Octal -Value 052

.EXAMPLE
    ConvertFrom-Octal -Format Int64 -Value 052

.EXAMPLE
    ConvertFrom-Octal -Format Int16 -Value "177 726"

.EXAMPLE
    ConvertFrom-Octal -Format UInt16 -Value "177 726"

.EXAMPLE
    ConvertFrom-Octal 052

.EXAMPLE
    ConvertFrom-Octal 0o52

.EXAMPLE
    052 | ConvertFrom-Octal

.EXAMPLE
    @(052, 52, "0o052") | ConvertFrom-Octal
#>
function ConvertFrom-Octal {
  [CmdletBinding()]
  param (
    [Parameter(Mandatory, Position = 1, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
    [System.String]
    $Value,
    # Target format of the conversion
    [ValidateSet("Int16", "Int32", "Int64", "UInt16", "UInt32", "UInt64")]
    [System.String]
    $Format = "UInt64"
  )

  begin {

    function getOctalString {
      return $Value -replace "(0o)|\s", ""
    }

    function toInt {
      return [System.Convert]::"To$Format"( (getOctalString), 8)
    }

  }

  process { toInt }

  end { }
}

<#
.SYNOPSIS
   Convert a number from decimal to octal format.

.DESCRIPTION
    Returns an octal representation of a number from a decimal input.

.EXAMPLE
    ConvertTo-Octal -Value 42 -Prefixed -NoGrouping

.EXAMPLE
    ConvertTo-Octal -Value 42

.EXAMPLE
    ConvertTo-Octal 42

.EXAMPLE
    ConvertTo-Octal "0d42"

.EXAMPLE
    "42" | ConvertTo-Octal

.EXAMPLE
    @("42", 42, "0d42") | ConvertTo-Octal
#>
function ConvertTo-Octal {
  [CmdletBinding()]
  param (
    [Parameter(Mandatory, Position = 1, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
    [System.String]
    $Value,
    # Activate prefix '0o'
    [switch]
    [bool]
    $Prefixed,
    # Disable spaces between groups of 3
    [switch]
    [bool]
    $NoGrouping
  )

  begin {

    function toOctalString {
      $result = [System.Convert]::ToString( (getDecimal $Value), 8)

      if (-Not $NoGrouping) {
        $groups = ($result.PadLeft([decimal]::Ceiling($result.Length / 3) * 3, "0") -split "(?<=\G\d{3})")
        $result = ($groups | Join-String -Separator " ")
      }

      if ($Prefixed) { $result = "0o$result" }

      return $result.Trim()
    }

  }

  process { toOctalString }

  end { }
}

<#
.SYNOPSIS
   Convert a number from hexadecimal to decimal format.

.DESCRIPTION
    Returns a decimal representation of a number from a hexadecimal input.
    It is assumed that the input is unsigned and Int64 by default.

.EXAMPLE
    ConvertFrom-Hexadecimal -Value 2a

.EXAMPLE
    ConvertFrom-Hexadecimal -Format Int64 -Value 2A

.EXAMPLE
    ConvertFrom-Hexadecimal -Format Int16 -Value "FF D6"

.EXAMPLE
    ConvertFrom-Hexadecimal -Format UInt16 -Value "FF D6"

.EXAMPLE
    ConvertFrom-Hexadecimal 2a

.EXAMPLE
    ConvertFrom-Hexadecimal 0x2a

.EXAMPLE
    2a | ConvertFrom-Hexadecimal

.EXAMPLE
    @(2a, 0x2a, 2A) | ConvertFrom-Hexadecimal
#>
function ConvertFrom-Hexadecimal {
  [CmdletBinding()]
  param (
    [Parameter(Mandatory, Position = 1, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
    [System.String]
    $Value,
    # Target format of the conversion
    [ValidateSet("Int16", "Int32", "Int64", "UInt16", "UInt32", "UInt64")]
    [System.String]
    $Format = "UInt64"
  )

  begin {

    function getHexadecimalString {
      return ($Value -replace "(0x)|\s", "").ToLower()
    }

    function toInt {
      return [System.Convert]::"To$Format"( (getHexadecimalString), 16)
    }

  }

  process { toInt }

  end { }
}

<#
.SYNOPSIS
   Convert a number from decimal to hexadecimal format.

.DESCRIPTION
    Returns a hexadecimal representation of a number from a decimal input.

.EXAMPLE
    ConvertTo-Hexadecimal -Value 42 -Prefixed -NoGrouping -Uppercase

.EXAMPLE
    ConvertTo-Hexadecimal -Value 42

.EXAMPLE
    ConvertTo-Hexadecimal 42 -Uppercase

.EXAMPLE
    ConvertTo-Hexadecimal "0d42"

.EXAMPLE
    "42" | ConvertTo-Hexadecimal

.EXAMPLE
    @("42", 42, "0d42") | ConvertTo-Hexadecimal
#>
function ConvertTo-Hexadecimal {
  [CmdletBinding()]
  param (
    [Parameter(Mandatory, Position = 1, ValueFromPipeline = $true)]
    [System.String]
    $Value,
    # Activate prefix '0o'
    [switch]
    [bool]
    $Prefixed,
    # Disable spaces between groups of 2
    [switch]
    [bool]
    $NoGrouping,
    # Enable uppercase for Hex-Letters
    [switch]
    [bool]
    $Uppercase
  )

  begin {

    function toHexadecimalString {
      $result = [System.Convert]::ToString( (getDecimal $Value), 16)

      if (-Not $NoGrouping) {
        $groups = ($result.PadLeft([decimal]::Ceiling($result.Length / 2) * 2, "0") -split "(\d{2})")
        $result = ($groups | Join-String -Separator " ")
      }

      if ($Uppercase) { $result = $result.ToUpper() }

      if ($Prefixed) { $result = "0x$result" }

      return $result
    }

  }

  process { toHexadecimalString }

  end { }
}


<# Private helper functions for the module #>
function getDecimal([string] $decimalString) {
  return [System.Convert]::ToDecimal( ($decimalString -replace "0d", ""))
}