Branches - Eve

lib/tree.rb

@@ -1,66 +1,235 @@
 class TreeNode
   attr_reader :key, :value
   attr_accessor :left, :right
-
-   def initialize(key, val)
+  
+  def initialize(key, val)
     @key = key
     @value = val
     @left = nil
     @right = nil
-   end
+  end
 end
 
 class Tree
   attr_reader :root
   def initialize
     @root = nil
   end
-
-  # Time Complexity: 
-  # Space Complexity: 
+  
+  # Time Complexity: O(logn) in best case
+  # Space Complexity: O(1)
   def add(key, value)
-    raise NotImplementedError
+    current_and_parent_pair = find_current_and_parent_nodes(key)
+    if current_and_parent_pair[:current]
+      # update new value if key exists
+      current_and_parent_pair[:current].value = value
+    else
+      new_node = TreeNode.new(key,value)
+      parent = current_and_parent_pair[:parent]
+      link_node_to_parent(parent, new_node)
+    end
   end
-
-  # Time Complexity: 
-  # Space Complexity: 
+
+  # IN CLASS PRACTICE: add() recursive
+  # def add_helper(current_node, key, value)
+  #   return TreeNode.new(key, value) if !current_node
+  #   if current_node.key > key
+  #     current_node.left = add_helper(current_node.left, key, value)
+  #   else
+  #     current_node.right = add_helper(current_node.right, key, value)
+  #   end
+  #   return current_node
+  # end
+
+  # def add(key, value)
+  #   @root = add_helper(@root, key, value)
+  # end
+
+  # Time Complexity: O(logn) in best case
+  # Space Complexity: O(1)
   def find(key)
-    raise NotImplementedError
+    current_and_parent_pair = find_current_and_parent_nodes(key)
+    if current_and_parent_pair[:current] 
+      return current_and_parent_pair[:current].value
+    else
+      return nil
+    end
   end
-
-  # Time Complexity: 
-  # Space Complexity: 
+  
+  # Time Complexity: O(n) with n is the number of nodes in the tree
+  # Space Complexity: O(n)
   def inorder
-    raise NotImplementedError
+    list = []
+    stack = []
+
+    current = @root
+    while current
+      stack << current 
+      current = current.left
+    end
+
+    while !stack.empty?
+      top = stack.pop
+      list << {key: top.key, value: top.value}
+
+      if top.right
+        stack << top.right
+
+        current = top.right.left
+        while current
+          stack << current
+          current = current.left
+        end 
+      end
+    end
+
+    return list
   end
-
-  # Time Complexity: 
-  # Space Complexity: 
+
+  # IN CLASS PRACTICE: inorder() recursive
+  # def inorder_helper(current_node, list = [])
+  #   return list if !current_node 
+  #   inorder_helper(current_node.left, list)
+  #   list << {key: current_node.key, value: current_node.value}
+  #   inorder_helper(current_node.right, list)
+  #   return list
+  # end
+
+  # def inorder
+  #   return inorder_helper(@root)
+  # end
+
+  # Time Complexity: O(n) with n is the number of nodes in the tree
+  # Space Complexity: O(n)
+  def preorder_helper(current_node, list = [])
+    return list if !current_node
+    list << {key: current_node.key, value: current_node.value}
+    preorder_helper(current_node.left, list)
+    preorder_helper(current_node.right, list)
+    return list
+  end
+
   def preorder
-    raise NotImplementedError
+    return preorder_helper(@root)
   end
-
-  # Time Complexity: 
-  # Space Complexity: 
+
+  # Time Complexity: O(n) with n is the number of nodes in the tree
+  # Space Complexity: O(n)
+  def postorder_helper(current_node, list = [])
+    return list if !current_node
+    postorder_helper(current_node.left, list)
+    postorder_helper(current_node.right, list)
+    list << {key: current_node.key, value: current_node.value}
+    return list
+  end
+
   def postorder
-    raise NotImplementedError
+    return postorder_helper(@root)
   end
-
-  # Time Complexity: 
-  # Space Complexity: 
+
+  # Time Complexity: O(n) with n is the number of nodes in the tree
+  # Space Complexity: O(logn) which is also the height of the tree.
+  def height_helper(current_node, level = 0)
+    return level if !current_node
+    level = [height_helper(current_node.left, level + 1), height_helper(current_node.right, level + 1)].max
+    return level
+  end
+
   def height
-    raise NotImplementedError
+    return height_helper(@root)
   end
-
+  
   # Optional Method
-  # Time Complexity: 
-  # Space Complexity: 
+  # Time Complexity: O(n)
+  # Space Complexity: O(n)
   def bfs
-    raise NotImplementedError
+    list = []
+    if @root
+      queue = []
+      queue << @root
+      queue.each do |current|
+        list << {key: current.key, value: current.value}
+        queue << current.left if current.left
+        queue << current.right if current.right
+      end
+    end
+    return list
   end
+
+  def delete(key)
+    current_and_parent_pair = find_current_and_parent_nodes(key)
+    current = current_and_parent_pair[:current] 
+    parent = current_and_parent_pair[:parent]
+    if current 
+      remove_child(parent, current)
+      new_subtree = nil   
+      # rearrange new subtree from children if current is not a leaf node
+      if current.left || current.right
+        left = current.left 
+        right = current.right 
+        right_subtree_leftmost = find_leftmost_node(right)
+        right_subtree_leftmost.left = left if right_subtree_leftmost
+
+        new_subtree = right_subtree_leftmost ? right : left
+      end
 
+      link_node_to_parent(parent, new_subtree)
+    end
+  end
+
   # Useful for printing
   def to_s
     return "#{self.inorder}"
   end
+
+  private
+  def find_current_and_parent_nodes(key)
+    current = @root
+    parent = nil
+
+    while current
+      if current.key == key
+        return {current: current, parent: parent}
+      elsif current.key > key
+        parent = current
+        current = current.left
+      else
+        parent = current
+        current = current.right
+      end
+    end
+
+    return {current: current, parent: parent}
+  end
+
+  def find_leftmost_node(current_node)
+    leftmost = current_node
+    while leftmost && leftmost.left
+      leftmost = leftmost.left
+    end
+    return leftmost
+  end
+
+  def link_node_to_parent(parent, node)
+    return if !node
+    if !parent
+      @root = node
+    elsif parent.key > node.key
+      parent.left = node
+    else
+      parent.right = node
+    end
+  end
+
+  def remove_child(parent, current)
+    if !parent
+      @root = nil
+    elsif current
+      if parent.key > current.key
+        parent.left = nil
+      else
+        parent.right = nil
+      end
+    end
+  end
 end

test/tree_test.rb

@@ -118,5 +118,65 @@
       expect(answer).must_be_nil
       expect(tree_with_nodes.find(47)).must_be_nil
     end
+
+    it "can delete a leaf node" do
+      expect(tree_with_nodes.find(1)).must_equal "Mary"
+      expect(tree_with_nodes.find(25)).must_equal "Kari"
+
+      tree_with_nodes.delete(1)
+      expect(tree_with_nodes.find(1)).must_be_nil
+
+      tree_with_nodes.delete(25)
+      expect(tree_with_nodes.find(25)).must_be_nil
+    end
+
+    it "can delete the only node of a tree" do
+      tree_with_one_nodes = Tree.new()
+      tree_with_one_nodes.add(5, "Peter")
+      # Arrange & Assert
+      expect(tree_with_one_nodes.find(5)).must_equal "Peter"
+
+      # Act
+      tree_with_one_nodes.delete(5)
+
+      # Assert
+      expect(tree_with_one_nodes.find(5)).must_be_nil
+    end
+
+    it "can delete the node with only left subtree" do
+      # Arrange & Assert
+      expect(tree_with_nodes.find(3)).must_equal "Paul"
+      expect(tree_with_nodes.bfs).must_equal [{:key=>5, :value=>"Peter"}, {:key=>3, :value=>"Paul"}, 
+      {:key=>10, :value=>"Karla"}, {:key=>1, :value=>"Mary"}, 
+      {:key=>15, :value=>"Ada"}, {:key=>25, :value=>"Kari"}]
+
+      # Act
+      tree_with_nodes.delete(3)
+
+      # Assert
+      expect(tree_with_nodes.find(3)).must_be_nil
+      expect(tree_with_nodes.bfs).must_equal [{:key=>5, :value=>"Peter"},  {:key=>1, :value=>"Mary"}, 
+      {:key=>10, :value=>"Karla"},{:key=>15, :value=>"Ada"}, 
+      {:key=>25, :value=>"Kari"}]
+    end
+
+    it "can delete the node with only right subtree" do
+      # Arrange & Assert
+      expect(tree_with_nodes.find(10)).must_equal "Karla"
+      expect(tree_with_nodes.bfs).must_equal [{:key=>5, :value=>"Peter"}, {:key=>3, :value=>"Paul"}, 
+      {:key=>10, :value=>"Karla"}, {:key=>1, :value=>"Mary"}, 
+      {:key=>15, :value=>"Ada"}, {:key=>25, :value=>"Kari"}]
+
+      # Act
+      tree_with_nodes.delete(10)
+
+      # Assert
+      expect(tree_with_nodes.find(10)).must_be_nil
+      expect(tree_with_nodes.find(3)).must_equal "Paul"
+
+      expect(tree_with_nodes.bfs).must_equal [{:key=>5, :value=>"Peter"}, {:key=>3, :value=>"Paul"}, 
+      {:key=>15, :value=>"Ada"}, {:key=>1, :value=>"Mary"}, 
+      {:key=>25, :value=>"Kari"}]
+    end
   end
 end