Time - Haben

lib/linked_list.rb

@@ -1,161 +1,270 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
 
 # Defines a node in the singly linked list
 class Node
   attr_reader :data # allow external entities to read value but not write
   attr_accessor :next # allow external entities to read or write next node
+  attr_accessor :previous
 
   def initialize(value, next_node = nil)
     @data = value
     @next = next_node
+    @previous = previous
   end
 end
 
 # Defines the singly linked list
 class LinkedList
-    def initialize
-      @head = nil # keep the head private. Not accessible outside this class
-    end
+  def initialize
+    @head = nil # keep the head private. Not accessible outside this class
+    @tail = nil
+  end
 
-    # method to add a new node with the specific data value in the linked list
-    # insert the new node at the beginning of the linked list
-    # Time Complexity: ?
-    # Space Complexity: ?
-    def add_first(value)
-      raise NotImplementedError
+  # method to add a new node with the specific data value in the linked list
+  # insert the new node at the beginning of the linked list
+  # Time Complexity:O(1)
+  # Space Complexity:O(1)
+  def add_first(value)
+    if @head.nil?
+      @head = @tail = Node.new(value)
+    else
+      new_node = Node.new(value, @head)
+      @head = new_node
     end
+  end
 
-    # method to find if the linked list contains a node with specified value
-    # returns true if found, false otherwise
-    # Time Complexity: ?
-    # Space Complexity: ?
-    def search(value)
-      raise NotImplementedError
-    end
+  # method to find if the linked list contains a node with specified value
+  # returns true if found, false otherwise
+  # Time Complexity: O(n)
+  # Space Complexity: O(n)
+  def search(value)
+    return false if @head.nil?
 
-    # method to return the max value in the linked list
-    # returns the data value and not the node
-    def find_max
-      raise NotImplementedError
-    end
+    current = @head
+    return true if current.data == value
 
-    # method to return the min value in the linked list
-    # returns the data value and not the node
-    # Time Complexity: ?
-    # Space Complexity: ?
-    def find_min
-      raise NotImplementedError
+    while (current = current.next)
+      return true if current.data == value
     end
+    false
+  end
 
+  # method to return the max value in the linked list
+  # returns the data value and not the node
+  def find_max
+    return nil if @head.nil?
 
-    # method that returns the length of the singly linked list
-    # Time Complexity: ?
-    # Space Complexity: ?
-    def length
-      raise NotImplementedError
-    end
+    max = @head.data
+    current = @head
 
-    # method that returns the value at a given index in the linked list
-    # index count starts at 0
-    # returns nil if there are fewer nodes in the linked list than the index value
-    # Time Complexity: ?
-    # Space Complexity: ?
-    def get_at_index(index)
-      raise NotImplementedError
+    while (current = current.next)
+      max = current.data if current.data > max
     end
 
-    # method to print all the values in the linked list
-    # Time Complexity: ?
-    # Space Complexity: ?
-    def visit
-      raise NotImplementedError
-    end
+    max
+  end
 
-    # method to delete the first node found with specified value
-    # Time Complexity: ?
-    # Space Complexity: ?
-    def delete(value)
-      raise NotImplementedError
-    end
+  # method to return the min value in the linked list
+  # returns the data value and not the node
+  # Time Complexity: O(n)
+  # Space Complexity: O(n)
+  def find_min
+    return nil if @head.nil?
 
-    # method to reverse the singly linked list
-    # note: the nodes should be moved and not just the values in the nodes
-    # Time Complexity: ?
-    # Space Complexity: ?
-    def reverse
-      raise NotImplementedError
+    min = @head.data
+    current = @head
+    while (current = current.next)
+      min = current.data if current.data < min
     end
+    min
+  end
 
+  # method that returns the length of the singly linked list
+  # Time Complexity: O(n)
+  # Space Complexity: O(n)
+  def length
+    return 0 if @head.nil?
 
-    ## Advanced Exercises
-    # returns the value at the middle element in the singly linked list
-    # Time Complexity: ?
-    # Space Complexity: ?
-    def find_middle_value
-      raise NotImplementedError
-    end
+    count = 1
+    current = @head
 
-    # find the nth node from the end and return its value
-    # assume indexing starts at 0 while counting to n
-    # Time Complexity: ?
-    # Space Complexity: ?
-    def find_nth_from_end(n)
-      raise NotImplementedError
+    while (current = current.next)
+      count += 1
     end
+    count
+  end
 
-    # checks if the linked list has a cycle. A cycle exists if any node in the
-    # linked list links to a node already visited.
-    # returns true if a cycle is found, false otherwise.
-    # Time Complexity: ?
-    # Space Complexity: ?
-    def has_cycle
-      raise NotImplementedError
+  # method that returns the value at a given index in the linked list
+  # index count starts at 0
+  # returns nil if there are fewer nodes in the linked list than the index value
+  # Time Complexity: O(n)
+  # Space Complexity: O(n)
+  def get_at_index(index)
+    return nil if @head.nil?
+
+    current = @head
+    index.times do
+      current = current.next
     end
+    current.data
+  end
 
+  # method to print all the values in the linked list
+  # Time Complexity: ?
+  # Space Complexity: ?
+  def visit
+    return nil if @head.nil?
 
-    # Additional Exercises 
-    # returns the value in the first node
-    # returns nil if the list is empty
-    # Time Complexity: ?
-    # Space Complexity: ?
-    def get_first
-      raise NotImplementedError
+    current = @head
+    print @head.data.to_s + '-->'
+    while (current = current.next)
+      print current.data.to_s + '-->'
     end
+  end
 
-    # method that inserts a given value as a new last node in the linked list
-    # Time Complexity: ?
-    # Space Complexity: ?
-    def add_last(value)
-      raise NotImplementedError
-    end
+  # method to delete the first node found with specified value
+  # Time Complexity: O(n)
+  # Space Complexity: O(n)
+  def delete(value)
+    return false if @head.nil?
 
-    # method that returns the value of the last node in the linked list
-    # returns nil if the linked list is empty
-    # Time Complexity: ?
-    # Space Complexity: ?
-    def get_last
-      raise NotImplementedError
+    current = @head
+    if current.data == value
+      @head = current.next
+    else
+      until current.next.nil?
+        if current.next.data == value
+          current.next = current.next.next
+          return
+        end
+        current.next.next = nil if current.next.next == @tail && current.next.next.data == value
+        current = current.next
+      end
     end
+  end
 
-    # method to insert a new node with specific data value, assuming the linked
-    # list is sorted in ascending order
-    # Time Complexity: ?
-    # Space Complexity: ?
-    def insert_ascending(value)
-      raise NotImplementedError
+  # method to reverse the singly linked list
+  # note: the nodes should be moved and not just the values in the nodes
+  # Time Complexity: o(n)
+  # Space Complexity: O(n)
+  # def reverse
+  #   current = @head
+  #   while current != nil
+  #     temp = current.previous
+  #     current.previous = current.next
+  #     current.next = temp
+  #     current = current.previous
+  #   end
+  #   temp = @head
+  #   @head = @tail
+  #   @tail = temp
+  # end
+
+  def reverse
+    current = @head
+    previous = nil
+    while current != nil
+      temp = current.next # save state
+      current.next = previous # update the link
+      previous =  current
+      current = temp
     end
+    @head = previous
+  end
 
-    # Helper method for tests
-    # Creates a cycle in the linked list for testing purposes
-    # Assumes the linked list has at least one node
-    def create_cycle
-      return if @head == nil # don't do anything if the linked list is empty
 
-      # navigate to last node
-      current = @head
-      while current.next != nil
-          current = current.next
-      end
+  ## Advanced Exercises
+  # returns the value at the middle element in the singly linked list
+  # Time Complexity: ?
+  # Space Complexity: ?
+  def find_middle_value
+    raise NotImplementedError
+    ​
+    # slowPointer = @head
+    # fastPointer = @head
+    ​
+    # if @head !=nil
+    #     while (fastPointer !=nil && fastPointer.next !=nil)
+    #         fastPointer = fastPointer.next.next
+    #         slowPointer = slowPointer.next
+    #     end
+    # end
+    #     # print("The middle element is: ", slow_ptr.data)
+    #     slowPointer.data
+  end
+
+  # find the nth node from the end and return its value
+  # assume indexing starts at 0 while counting to n
+  # Time Complexity: ?
+  # Space Complexity: ?
+  def find_nth_from_end(n)
+    raise NotImplementedError
+  end
+
+  # checks if the linked list has a cycle. A cycle exists if any node in the
+  # linked list links to a node already visited.
+  # returns true if a cycle is found, false otherwise.
+  # Time Complexity: ?
+  # Space Complexity: ?
+  def has_cycle
+    raise NotImplementedError
+  end
+
+  # Additional Exercises
+  # returns the value in the first node
+  # returns nil if the list is empty
+  # Time Complexity: ?
+  # Space Complexity: ?
+  def get_first
+    @head ? @head.data : nil
+  end
 
-      current.next = @head # make the last node link to first node
+  # method that inserts a given value as a new last node in the linked list
+  # Time Complexity: O(n)
+  # Space Complexity: O(n)
+  def add_last(value)
+    new_node = Node.new(value)
+    if @head.nil?
+      add_first(new_node.data)
+      return
     end
+    current = @head
+    current = current.next until current.next.nil?
+    current.next = new_node
+    new_node.next = nil
+  end
+
+  # method that returns the value of the last node in the linked list
+  # returns nil if the linked list is empty
+  # Time Complexity: O(n)
+  # Space Complexity: O(n)
+  def get_last
+    return nil if @head.nil?
+
+    current = @head
+    current = current.next until current.next.nil?
+    current.data
+  end
+
+  # method to insert a new node with specific data value, assuming the linked
+  # list is sorted in ascending order
+  # Time Complexity: ?
+  # Space Complexity: ?
+  def insert_ascending(value)
+    raise NotImplementedError
+  end
+
+  # Helper method for tests
+  # Creates a cycle in the linked list for testing purposes
+  # Assumes the linked list has at least one node
+  def create_cycle
+    return if @head.nil? # don't do anything if the linked list is empty
+
+    ​
+    # navigate to last node
+    current = @head
+    current = current.next until current.next.nil?
+    ​
+    current.next = @head # make the last node link to first node
+  end
 end