luhrhenz: as-w3-d3 - Client contract assignment

ASSIGNMENT.md

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+# Client Contract Assignment
+
+## Overview
+This is the Client contract assignment (as-w3-d3). The Client contract provides functionality for [contract purpose].
+
+## Setup
+1. Install dependencies: `npm install`
+2. Configure hardhat: See `hardhat.config.ts`
+3. Run tests: `npm test`
+
+## Contract Details
+- **Location**: `Assignment/solidity-assignment7/contracts/client/`
+- **Language**: Solidity
+
+## Testing
+```bash
+npm test
+```
+
+## Deployment
+```bash
+npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.ts
+```

Assignment/README.md

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+# Blockchain Assignments
+
+This repository contains a collection of blockchain-related assignments.
+
+## Assignments
+
+- [Assignment 1: Blockchain Utilities](assignment1/README.md) - Gas fee estimation and Merkle root calculation.
+- [Assignment 2: Block Implementation](assignment2/README.md) - Implementation of blockchain blocks.
+- [Assignment 3](assignment3/README.md) - Advanced topics in blockchain blocks.
+- [Assignment 4: JSON-RPC Methods](assignment4/README.md) - Exploration of JSON-RPC methods.
+- [Assignment 5: Consensus Clients](assignment5/README.md) - Key concepts on consensus clients.
+
+Each assignment folder contains the relevant code and documentation.

Assignment/assignment1/GasEstimation.js

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+
+
+  // Convert ETH to GWEI (1 ETH = 1,000,000,000 GWEI)
+  function ethToGwei(eth) {
+    return eth * 1e9;
+  }
+
+  function calculateGas() {
+    const gasUsed = Number(document.getElementById("gasUsed").value);
+    let baseFee = Number(document.getElementById("baseFee").value);
+    let priorityFee = Number(document.getElementById("priorityFee").value);
+    let maxFee = Number(document.getElementById("maxFee").value);
+
+    if (baseFee < 1 && baseFee > 0) baseFee = ethToGwei(baseFee);
+    if (priorityFee < 1 && priorityFee > 0) priorityFee = ethToGwei(priorityFee);
+    if (maxFee < 1 && maxFee > 0) maxFee = ethToGwei(maxFee);
+
+    const result = estimateGasFee(
+      gasUsed,
+      baseFee,
+      priorityFee,
+      maxFee
+    );
+
+    alert(
+      "Effective Gas Price: " +
+        result.effectiveGasPriceGwei +
+        " Gwei\n" +
+        "Total Gas Fee: " +
+        result.totalGasFeeEth +
+        " ETH"
+    );
+  }
+
+  function estimateGasFee(
+    gasUsed,
+    baseFeeGwei,
+    priorityFeeGwei,
+    maxFeeGwei
+  ) {
+    const effectiveGasPriceGwei = Math.min(
+      baseFeeGwei + priorityFeeGwei,
+      maxFeeGwei
+    );
+
+    const totalFeeGwei = gasUsed * effectiveGasPriceGwei;
+    const totalGasFeeEth = totalFeeGwei / 1000000000;
+
+    return {
+      effectiveGasPriceGwei,
+      totalGasFeeEth
+    };
+  }
+

Assignment/assignment1/README.md

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+
+# Assignment 1: Blockchain Utilities
+
+This project provides a set of utilities for blockchain development, including Ethereum gas fee estimation and Merkle root calculation using various hashing algorithms.
+
+## Features
+
+- **Gas Fee Estimation**: Estimate Ethereum transaction gas fees in real-time based on network conditions.
+- **Merkle Root Calculation**: Compute Merkle roots using SHA-256 or Keccak-256 hashing for transaction verification.
+
+## Files
+
+- `index.html`: Web interface for gas fee estimation.
+- `GasEstimation.js`: JavaScript functions for gas fee calculations.
+- `hash.js`: Implementation of Merkle root computation.
+- `style.css`: Styling for the web interface.
+
+## Installation
+
+1. Clone the repository.
+2. Install dependencies: `npm install`
+
+## Usage
+
+- Open `index.html` in a browser to use the gas fee estimator.
+- Run `node hash.js` to see Merkle root examples.
+
+## Theory
+
+For the theory part related to question 1, see: https://hackmd.io/@luhrhenz/SJK0urCSbe
+
+
+
+

Assignment/assignment1/hash.js

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+// libraries
+const crypto = require("crypto");             // For SHA-256
+const { keccak256, toUtf8Bytes, getBytes } = require("ethers"); // For Keccak-256
+
+function sha256(data) {
+  return crypto.createHash("sha256").update(data).digest("hex");
+}
+
+function keccak256HashBytes(data) {
+  // data can be a string or Uint8Array
+  const bytes = typeof data === "string" ? toUtf8Bytes(data) : data;
+  return keccak256(bytes); // returns 0x... hex string
+}
+
+// --- Generic Merkle Root function ---
+function merkleRoot(transactions, algo = "sha256") {
+  if (!transactions || transactions.length === 0) return null;
+
+  // hashing of transactions
+  let hashes = transactions.map(tx => {
+    if (algo === "sha256") return sha256(tx);
+    else if (algo === "keccak256") return keccak256HashBytes(tx);
+    else throw new Error("Unknown algorithm: " + algo);
+  });
+
+  // iteratively compute parent hashes
+  while (hashes.length > 1) {
+    let temp = [];
+    for (let i = 0; i < hashes.length; i += 2) {
+      const left = hashes[i];
+      const right = i + 1 < hashes.length ? hashes[i + 1] : hashes[i]; // duplicate last if odd
+
+      if (algo === "sha256") {
+        temp.push(sha256(left + right)); // SHA-256: hex string concat
+      } else {
+        // Keccak-256: convert hex strings to bytes, then concatenate
+        const leftBytes = getBytes(left.startsWith("0x") ? left : "0x" + left);
+        const rightBytes = getBytes(right.startsWith("0x") ? right : "0x" + right);
+        const combined = new Uint8Array([...leftBytes, ...rightBytes]);
+        temp.push(keccak256(combined));
+      }
+    }
+    hashes = temp;
+  }
+
+  return hashes[0]; // final root
+}
+
+// demo transactions
+const transactions = [
+  "Alice pays Bob 1 ETH",
+  "Carol pays Dave 2 ETH",
+  "Eve pays Frank 0.5 ETH",
+  "George pays Hannah 0.1 ETH"
+];
+
+console.log("=== Transaction Hashes ===");
+console.log("\nSHA-256 Transaction Hashes:");
+transactions.forEach((tx, index) => {
+  console.log(`  [${index}] ${sha256(tx)}`);
+});
+
+console.log("\nKeccak-256 Transaction Hashes:");
+transactions.forEach((tx, index) => {
+  console.log(`  [${index}] ${keccak256HashBytes(tx)}`);
+});
+
+const shaRoot = merkleRoot(transactions, "sha256");
+const keccakRoot = merkleRoot(transactions, "keccak256");
+
+console.log("\n=== Merkle Roots ===");
+console.log("SHA-256 Merkle Root:", shaRoot);
+console.log("Keccak-256 Merkle Root:", keccakRoot);

Assignment/assignment1/index.html

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+<!DOCTYPE html>
+<html lang="en">
+<head>
+    <meta charset="UTF-8">
+    <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
+    <title>Document</title>
+    <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css">
+</head>
+<body>
+    <h2>Gas Fee Estimator</h2>
+        <label>Gas Used</label>
+            <input id="gasUsed" type="number" value="21000" />
+
+        <label>Base Fee (ETH or GWEI)</label>
+            <input id="baseFee" type="number" value="" step="0.000000001" />
+
+        <label>Priority Fee (ETH or GWEI)</label>
+            <input id="priorityFee" type="number" value="" step="0.000000001" />
+
+        <label>Max Fee (ETH or GWEI)</label>
+            <input id="maxFee" type="number" value="25" step="0.000000001" />
+
+        <button onclick="calculateGas()">Estimate Gas Fee</button>
+
+    <div class="result" id="output"></div>
+</body>
+<script src="GasEstimation.js"></script> 
+</html>

Assignment/assignment1/package.json

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+{
+  "type": "module",
+  "dependencies": {
+    "dotenv": "^17.2.3",
+    "ether.js": "^1.0.0",
+    "ethers": "^6.16.0",
+    "git": "^0.1.5"
+  }
+}

Assignment/assignment1/style.css

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+ body {
+      font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
+      padding: 30px;
+      max-width: 500px;
+    }
+    input, button {
+      width: 100%;
+      padding: 8px;
+      margin-top: 10px;
+    }
+    button {
+      cursor: pointer;
+    }
+    .result {
+      margin-top: 20px;
+      font-weight: bold;
+    }

Assignment/assignment2/.gitignore

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+.env
+node_modules/

Assignment/assignment2/README.md

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+
+# Assignment 2: Block Implementation
+
+This assignment focuses on the implementation of blockchain blocks.
+
+## Theory
+
+For explanations and theory concerning assignment 2 or `block.js`, see: https://hackmd.io/@luhrhenz/rkXCcZMIbe 

Assignment/assignment2/block.js

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+import { ethers } from "ethers";
+import dotenv from "dotenv";
+
+// Load environment variables from .env file
+dotenv.config({ path: ".env" });
+
+// 1. Connect to Ethereum mainnet using secure API URL from .env
+const apiUrl = process.env.ALCHEMY_API_URL;
+if (!apiUrl) {
+  throw new Error("ALCHEMY_API_URL not found in .env file");
+}
+
+const provider = new ethers.JsonRpcProvider(apiUrl);
+
+async function fetchBlock(blockNumber) {
+  // 2. Fetch real block data
+  const block = await provider.getBlock(blockNumber);
+
+  // 3. Display key block header fields
+  const date = new Date(block.timestamp * 1000);
+  console.log("Block Number:", block.number);
+  console.log("Parent Hash:", block.parentHash);
+  console.log("Timestamp:", date.toUTCString());
+  console.log("Gas Used:", block.gasUsed.toString());
+  console.log("Gas Limit:", block.gasLimit.toString());
+  console.log("Base Fee Per Gas:", block.baseFeePerGas.toString()/1e20, "Eth");
+  console.log("Receipts Root:", block.receiptsRoot);
+  console.log("State Root:", block.stateRoot);
+  console.log("Validator:", block.miner);
+   console.log("Logs Bloom:", block.logsBloom);
+
+   console.log("Block Hash:", block.hash);
+}
+
+fetchBlock("latest");

Assignment/assignment3/README.md

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+
+# Assignment 3
+
+This assignment covers advanced topics in blockchain blocks.
+
+## Theory
+
+For explanations and theory concerning assignment 3, see: https://hackmd.io/@luhrhenz/rkXCcZMIbe 

Assignment/assignment4/README.md

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+
+# Assignment 4: JSON-RPC Methods
+
+This assignment explores JSON-RPC methods in blockchain contexts.
+
+## Theory
+
+For detailed information on JSON-RPC methods, see: https://hackmd.io/@luhrhenz/SyeXaxrLWx

Assignment/assignment5/README.md

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+
+# Assignment 5: Key Concepts on Consensus Clients
+
+This assignment covers key concepts related to consensus clients in blockchain networks.
+
+## Theory
+
+For detailed information on consensus clients, see: https://hackmd.io/@luhrhenz/ByeiKILUbg

Assignment/solidity-assignment7/README.md

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+# Sample Hardhat 3 Beta Project (`node:test` and `viem`)
+
+This project showcases a Hardhat 3 Beta project using the native Node.js test runner (`node:test`) and the `viem` library for Ethereum interactions.
+
+To learn more about the Hardhat 3 Beta, please visit the [Getting Started guide](https://hardhat.org/docs/getting-started#getting-started-with-hardhat-3). To share your feedback, join our [Hardhat 3 Beta](https://hardhat.org/hardhat3-beta-telegram-group) Telegram group or [open an issue](https://github.com/NomicFoundation/hardhat/issues/new) in our GitHub issue tracker.
+
+## Project Overview
+
+This example project includes:
+
+- A simple Hardhat configuration file.
+- Foundry-compatible Solidity unit tests.
+- TypeScript integration tests using [`node:test`](nodejs.org/api/test.html), the new Node.js native test runner, and [`viem`](https://viem.sh/).
+- Examples demonstrating how to connect to different types of networks, including locally simulating OP mainnet.
+
+## Usage
+
+### Running Tests
+
+To run all the tests in the project, execute the following command:
+
+```shell
+npx hardhat test
+```
+
+You can also selectively run the Solidity or `node:test` tests:
+
+```shell
+npx hardhat test solidity
+npx hardhat test nodejs
+```
+
+### Make a deployment to Sepolia
+
+This project includes an example Ignition module to deploy the contract. You can deploy this module to a locally simulated chain or to Sepolia.
+
+To run the deployment to a local chain:
+
+```shell
+npx hardhat ignition deploy ignition/modules/Counter.ts
+```
+
+To run the deployment to Sepolia, you need an account with funds to send the transaction. The provided Hardhat configuration includes a Configuration Variable called `SEPOLIA_PRIVATE_KEY`, which you can use to set the private key of the account you want to use.
+
+You can set the `SEPOLIA_PRIVATE_KEY` variable using the `hardhat-keystore` plugin or by setting it as an environment variable.
+
+To set the `SEPOLIA_PRIVATE_KEY` config variable using `hardhat-keystore`:
+
+```shell
+npx hardhat keystore set SEPOLIA_PRIVATE_KEY
+```
+
+After setting the variable, you can run the deployment with the Sepolia network:
+
+```shell
+npx hardhat ignition deploy --network sepolia ignition/modules/Counter.ts
+```