[Peras 4] Add ObjectDiffusion and PerasCert diffusion (instance of ObjectDiffusion)

[tbagrel1]

This pull request introduces support for the ObjectDiffusion mini-protocol, required for Peras (for certificates and votes diffusion). It also plugs the PerasCertDiffusion (instance of ObjectDiffusion) mini-protocol in the networking layer.

This PR depends on an updated version of ouroboros-network, see IntersectMBO/ouroboros-network#5202 and https://github.com/IntersectMBO/ouroboros-network/tree/peras-staging/pr-5202-v2

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Peras ObjectDiffusion Mini-protocol:

• Added modules Ouroboros.Consensus.MiniProtocol.ObjectDiffusion{.Inbound,.Outbound} with implementations of the ObjectDiffusion protocol (quite similar/inspired from TX-submission, except that client = inbound, server = outbound)
• Added module Ouroboros.Consensus.MiniProtocol.ObjectDiffusion.ObjectPool.API defining ObjectPool{Reader,Writer} interfaces, through which ObjectDiffusion accesses/stores the objects to send/that have been received.
• Added modules Ouroboros.Consensus.MiniProtocol.ObjectDiffusion.PerasCert and Ouroboros.Consensus.MiniProtocol.ObjectDiffusion.ObjectPool.PerasCert containing definitions specific to PerasCert diffusion through the ObjectDiffusion mini-protocol
• Modifies Ouroboros.Consensus.Node.Serialisation to add CBOR serialisation (SerialiseNodeToNode) for Point blk, Tip blk, and PerasCert blk
• Modifies Ouroboros.Consensus{.Node,.Node.Tracer,.Network.NodeToNode} to wire-in PerasCertDiffusion similarly to other mini-protocols (e.g. TX-submission)

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Tests and benchmarks

• Added module Test.Consensus.MiniProtocol.ObjectDiffusion.Smoke with smoke test for the general ObjectDiffusion mini-protocol (using mock objects)

• Added module Test.Consensus.MiniProtocol.ObjectDiffusion.PerasCert.Smoke with smoke test specific to PerasCert diffusion through ObjectDiffusion

• Updates Test.ThreadNet.Network in unstable-diffusion-testlib accordingly to the changes made in Ouroboros.Consensus.Network.NodeToNode

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Network Protocol Version Updates:

• Depends on ouroboros-network rev https://github.com/IntersectMBO/ouroboros-network/tree/peras-staging/pr-5202-v2 through source-repository-package directive
• Added support in ouroboros-consensus for NodeToNodeV_16

[agustinmista]

LGTM, minor comments only.

[tbagrel1]

Hello everyone,
This PR is now ready for review! Thanks in advance for your time :)

[tbagrel1]

I've tried to address a few comments for which there was an easy solution in bf4767a, and I've tried to answer/explain other points raised in the review.

Thanks @dnadales for your thorough review, and see you tomorrow at the meeting!

[tbagrel1]

During last Wednesday’s meeting, we agreed that it would be better to associate each object directly with its objectId type. This would let us avoid passing objectId object type parameters everywhere, and instead just pass object. It would also allow us to remove the oprObjectId and opwObjectId fields in ObjectPool{Reader,Writer}, which are essentially just getters for an object’s ID.

The idea would be to introduce a class:

class
  ( Ord (IdOf a)
  , Eq (IdOf a)
  , Show (IdOf a)
  , NoThunks (IdOf a)
  , Serialise (IdOf a)
  ) => HasId a where

  type IdOf a
  getId :: a -> IdOf a

and then provide instances such as HasId PerasCert, HasId PerasVote, etc.

NOTE: An alternative would be to use a multi-parameter type class with a functional dependency,
HasId object objectId | object -> objectId, but this would make it inconvenient to refer to the objectId type when defining a data type parameterised by object only.

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The current concerns are:

1. Various ObjectDiffusion types are already parameterised by objectId object, including some in ouroboros-network. This means the change would need to span both repositories. As a result, we’d need to define HasId in ouroboros-network, or even higher up the dependency chain (e.g. in cardano-base).

2. We would need to enable FlexibleContexts and UndecidableInstances in some places. For example:

instance (Show objectId, Typeable object, Typeable objectId)
  => Exception (ObjectDiffusionInboundError objectId object)

would become:

instance (Show (IdOf object), Typeable object, Typeable (IdOf object))
  => Exception (ObjectDiffusionInboundError object)

and this seems to require those extensions.

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Consequently, we’d like to get approval again from the IOG team before going down this route.
Whatever the final decision is, I think it would be best to continue with [Peras 4] as-is, and handle the objectId / HasId changes in a separate PR.

[tbagrel1]

I changed the interface of ObjectPoolReader's method to oprObjectsAfter :: ticketNo -> Word64 -> STM m (Maybe (m (Map ticketNo object))) as we agreed last week, see b629e84 :)

[tbagrel1]

Hi @IntersectMBO/ouroboros-consensus-maintainers , I've tried to addressed all required changes that we discussed last week, see commits bf4767a .. 5674b30. Let me know if anything still needs to be adjusted.

I'll squash these fixup commits once you've had time to look at them :)

[agustinmista]

I took a look at the fixups, and wrote some comments and questions, nothing too serious but some things we should address before merging.

[tbagrel1]

Ok, now the last small issue on smoke tests has been fixed, so this is ready :)

Fixed the concerns I had

[dnadales]

Suggested change

	-- ^ Get the map of objects available in the pool with a ticketNo greater
	-- ^ Get the map of objects available in the pool with a 'ticketNo' greater