Introduce eachblockaxes, more general blocklengths

[mtfishman]

Introduces and exports eachblockaxes, which is analogous to the redefinition of blocksizes introduced in #399. It outputs a (lazy) array with a size blocksize(A) that when you index into it it returns the axes of the corresponding block of A. It also defines a private function BlockArrays.eachblockaxes1 analogous to Base.axes1 for getting the axes of the blocks in the first dimension.

The motivation for this is related to the discussion in #446, this helps with use cases where the blocks of a block array have non-trivial axes, for example they themselves might be blocked, have a Kronecker structure, have extra information like symmetry sector information (which is an application of graded vector spaces), have labels that need to be preserved, etc.

It also introduces a generalization of blocklengths beyond AbstractUnitRange{<:Integer} to any AbstractArray by outputting a (lazy) array that when you index into it returns the length of the corresponding block.

This PR also changes the implementation of blocksizes. Before, it was implemented as a lazy version of size.(blocks(A)). Now, it is based on a new ProductArray type, where the blocklengths of the axes in each dimension are stored and accessed. Then, ProductArray can be shared with and used for the implementation of eachblockaxes. I think that design is easier to reason about and in the case of eachblockaxes it is easier to make the element type concrete.

Related to #369 and #446.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 94.44444% with 1 line in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 93.82%. Comparing base (e9c28d4) to head (e81491a).
Report is 1 commits behind head on master.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/blocks.jl	94.44%	1 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           master     #476       +/-   ##
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+ Coverage    0.00%   93.82%   +93.82%     
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  Files          19       19               
  Lines        1689     1717       +28     
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+ Hits            0     1611     +1611     
+ Misses       1689      106     -1583     

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[mtfishman]

Also, I'm open to suggestions about the name eachblockaxes. It's unfortunate that it is inconsistent with the names blocklengths and blocksizes, but blockaxes is already taken and is awkward to make plural (i.e. it is a double plural, which could be blockaxess or blockaxeses but those names are strange and hard to read).