fix(logging): use logger.exception in exception handling logs

[ReenigneArcher]

Description

Fixes sonar warnings.

Screenshot

Issues Fixed or Closed

Roadmap Issues

Type of Change

• feat: New feature (non-breaking change which adds functionality)
• fix: Bug fix (non-breaking change which fixes an issue)
• docs: Documentation only changes
• style: Changes that do not affect the meaning of the code (white-space, formatting, missing semicolons, etc.)
• refactor: Code change that neither fixes a bug nor adds a feature
• perf: Code change that improves performance
• test: Adding missing tests or correcting existing tests
• build: Changes that affect the build system or external dependencies
• ci: Changes to CI configuration files and scripts
• chore: Other changes that don't modify src or test files
• revert: Reverts a previous commit
• BREAKING CHANGE: Introduces a breaking change (can be combined with any type above)

Checklist

• Code follows the style guidelines of this project
• Code has been self-reviewed
• Code has been commented, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
• Code docstring/documentation-blocks for new or existing methods/components have been added or updated
• Unit tests have been added or updated for any new or modified functionality

AI Usage

• None: No AI tools were used in creating this PR
• Light: AI provided minor assistance (formatting, simple suggestions)
• Moderate: AI helped with code generation or debugging specific parts
• Heavy: AI generated most or all of the code changes

[sonarqubecloud]

Quality Gate passed

Issues
0 New issues
0 Accepted issues

Measures
0 Security Hotspots
0.0% Coverage on New Code
0.0% Duplication on New Code

See analysis details on SonarQube Cloud

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 26.31579% with 28 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 61.63%. Comparing base (5d45c87) to head (c9a6a3e).
✅ All tests successful. No failed tests found.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/common/rank.py	0.00%	10 Missing ⚠️
src/reddit_bot/bot.py	40.00%	6 Missing ⚠️
src/common/database.py	60.00%	4 Missing ⚠️
src/discord_bot/cogs/rank.py	0.00%	4 Missing ⚠️
src/discord_bot/bot.py	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️
src/discord_bot/cogs/autoban.py	0.00%	2 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##           master     #540   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   61.63%   61.63%           
=======================================
  Files          27       27           
  Lines        1989     1989           
=======================================
  Hits         1226     1226           
  Misses        763      763           

Files with missing lines	Coverage Δ
src/discord_bot/bot.py	89.21% <0.00%> (ø)
src/discord_bot/cogs/autoban.py	45.16% <0.00%> (ø)
src/common/database.py	58.88% <60.00%> (ø)
src/discord_bot/cogs/rank.py	28.03% <0.00%> (ø)
src/reddit_bot/bot.py	69.46% <40.00%> (ø)
src/common/rank.py	58.57% <0.00%> (ø)

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