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Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)
DCT is composed of 8 standards namely DCT-1, DCT-2, DCT-3, DCT-4, DCT-5, DCT-6, DCT-7 and DCT-8.
The DCT-1 mainly discusses on the orthogonal power of the eigenvectors.
The DCT-2 deals with the approximation of eigen vectors. While dealing with scaling towards DCT-1 to DCT-4, the eigenvectors becomes orthogonal. The boundary conditions give second order accuracy around the center points.
The DCT-2 is where its magic is applied in JPEG image compression by means of 8X8 block.
The DCT-3 gets defeated by DCT-4. The DCT-4 focusses on orthogonal side and matrix factorization, where it also reveals the usage of Discrete Sine Transform (DST).
The DCT-5 and DCT-6 have a great coding gain when compared to DCT-2.
The boundary conditions can be easily overlapped in DCT-7 and DCT-8 when compared to DCT-4. Thereby, It has been analyzed that Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is more efficient.