Adopt ruff format

[Zeitsperre]

Pull Request Checklist:

• This PR addresses an already opened issue (for bug fixes / features)
  • This PR fixes #xyz
• Tests for the changes have been added (for bug fixes / features)
  • (If applicable) Documentation has been added / updated (for bug fixes / features)
• CHANGELOG.rst has been updated (with summary of main changes)
  • Link to issue (:issue:number) and pull request (:pull:number) has been added

What kind of change does this PR introduce?

• Enables the ruff auto-formatter:
  • The maximum line-length is now 120 characters.
  • Docstring formatting is now enabled.
  • Line endings in files now must be Unix-compatible (LF).
• The blackdoc pre-commit hook now only examines .rst and .md files.

Does this PR introduce a breaking change?

Depends on your definition. The code styling now uses ruff exclusively and is no longer fully conformant with black formatting.

Other information:

ruff has a different opinion on parentheses for long-nested expressions compared to black, hence the significant changes.

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[github-actions]

Warning

This Pull Request modifies the SDBA module.
The SDBA module is gradually being deprecated in favour of the xsdba package.
Any changes to xclim.sdba should be made in https://github.com/Ouranosinc/xsdba

[aulemahal]

Now that's a proper line length for the 21st century!