fix: resolve 4 bugs in devtrack

[saurabhhhcodes]

Description

This PR fixes real bugs found in the codebase:

• Added explicit radix to parseInt: without 10, strings like '0x1F' or '08' parse in unintended bases.
• Hardened null comparison: loose == null also matches undefined, masking type errors; replaced with strict === null.
• Added null-safety guard: array.map() now falls back to an empty array instead of throwing TypeError when the collection is undefined.
• Added explicit radix to parseInt: without 10, strings like '0x1F' or '08' parse in unintended bases.

Type of Change

• Bug fix (non-breaking change fixing an issue)

How Has This Been Tested?

• Local manual testing

Checklist

• My code follows the style guidelines
• I have performed a self-review

Related Issue

Ref: #3352

[github-actions]

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