[FlightRPC][Java] JDBC driver for Flight SQL

[asfimport]

This implements a JDBC driver able to communicate to Flight SQL sources.

So far this covers:

• Metadata retrieval by DatabaseMetadata, ResultSetMetadata, etc.

• Query execution by statements and prepared statements

  Yet to be done:

• Parameter binding on prepared statements

Reporter: Rafael Telles / @rafael-telles
Assignee: Rafael Telles / @rafael-telles

Related issues:

• [FlightRPC][Java] Implement Flight SQL JDBC Driver (is superceded by)

PRs and other links:

• GitHub Pull Request #12254
• GitHub Pull Request #12830
• GitHub Pull Request #13797

_{Note: This issue was originally created as ARROW-15452. Please see the migration documentation for further details.}