[fix](index compaction)Add column unique id check before use (#47562)

Problem Summary:

This pull request introduces a new method to check for the existence of
a column by its unique ID in the `TabletSchema` class and utilizes this
method in the compaction process to improve error handling and logging.

be/src/olap/compaction.cpp

@@ -837,6 +837,11 @@ void Compaction::construct_index_compaction_columns(RowsetWriterContext& ctx) {
             continue;
         }
         auto col_unique_id = col_unique_ids[0];
+        if (!_cur_tablet_schema->has_column_unique_id(col_unique_id)) {
+            LOG(WARNING) << "tablet[" << _tablet->tablet_id() << "] column_unique_id["
+                         << col_unique_id << "] not found, will skip index compaction";
+            continue;
+        }
         // Avoid doing inverted index compaction on non-slice type columns
         if (!field_is_slice_type(_cur_tablet_schema->column_by_uid(col_unique_id).type())) {
             continue;

be/src/olap/tablet_schema.cpp

@@ -1360,6 +1360,10 @@ bool TabletSchema::exist_column(const std::string& field_name) const {
     return _field_name_to_index.contains(StringRef {field_name});
 }
 
+bool TabletSchema::has_column_unique_id(int32_t col_unique_id) const {
+    return _field_id_to_index.contains(col_unique_id);
+}
+
 Status TabletSchema::have_column(const std::string& field_name) const {
     if (!_field_name_to_index.contains(StringRef(field_name))) {
         return Status::Error<ErrorCode::INTERNAL_ERROR>(

be/src/olap/tablet_schema.h

@@ -345,6 +345,7 @@ class TabletSchema : public MetadataAdder<TabletSchema> {
     Result<const TabletColumn*> column(const std::string& field_name) const;
     Status have_column(const std::string& field_name) const;
     bool exist_column(const std::string& field_name) const;
+    bool has_column_unique_id(int32_t col_unique_id) const;
     const TabletColumn& column_by_uid(int32_t col_unique_id) const;
     TabletColumn& mutable_column_by_uid(int32_t col_unique_id);
     TabletColumn& mutable_column(size_t ordinal);