Mark ffi interface functions as noexcept

[maxkozlovsky]

Mark Rust ffi function as noexcept to prevent exception propagation to Rust code. Any unhandled exceptions will result in direct call to terminate().

This commit adds a custom terminate handler that provides detailed diagnostics when std::terminate() is called. This helps debug issues where exceptions escape noexcept functions or cross FFI boundaries.

The handler is installed via monad_set_terminate_handler() which should be called early in main() before any exception-throwing code.

This code was generated using Claude Sonnet 4.5

[Copilot]

Pull Request Overview

This PR refactors terminate handler functionality and adds noexcept specifications to C API functions. The terminate handler implementation is extracted from main.cpp into a reusable module, and noexcept is added to functions crossing the C/C++ FFI boundary to ensure exceptions don't escape.

• Extracted terminate handler logic into a new category/core/terminate_handler module
• Added noexcept specifications to all C API functions in statesync and RPC modules
• Created a manual test to demonstrate the terminate handler functionality

Reviewed Changes

Copilot reviewed 14 out of 14 changed files in this pull request and generated 2 comments.

Show a summary per file

File	Description
cmd/monad/main.cpp	Replaced inline terminate handler with call to new monad_set_terminate_handler() function
category/core/terminate_handler.h	New header defining the terminate handler setup function
category/core/terminate_handler.cpp	New implementation with enhanced exception reporting and backtrace printing
category/core/test/terminate_handler_test.cpp	Added manual test demonstrating terminate handler behavior
category/core/test/CMakeLists.txt	Added build configuration for the manual test
category/core/CMakeLists.txt	Registered new terminate handler source files
category/statesync/statesync_version.{h,cpp}	Added noexcept to version API functions
category/statesync/statesync_server.{h,cpp}	Added noexcept to server API functions
category/statesync/statesync_client.{h,cpp}	Added noexcept to client API functions
category/rpc/eth_call.{h,cpp}	Added noexcept to RPC API functions

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