Introduce move semantics to adouble, clean-up tape types, clean-up include files

[TimSiebert1]

This PR:

• implements move semantics for the tape-based derivative type adouble as proposed in Move sematics for adouble #94;
• cleans-up the tape-based ad-type system;
• cleans-up the includes.

The main idea is that adubs are completely replaced by proper treatment of r-value references. This results in the updated adouble class without the need for an inheritance structure. Thus, badouble and adub are removed.

Prior to the proposed changes, each arithmetic operation generates a new tape-location regardless of whether the input is a temporary (r-value reference) or not. This potentially lead to a significant number of "wasted" locations.

In the proposed changes and for most operations the arithmetic operation does creating a new adouble if the input is an r-value reference. To this end the operations are overloaded for r-value references, there is a move constructor and a move assignment.

As a result, an expression like 0.5 * (x + u/x), which would create in the current implementation three adub (basically adoubles) with new locations, the new version would only create a single new location and move it between the operations.

Please note that I introduce a lot of code-duplications when defining the operations for r-value references. They should be definitely removed at some point and are an item on my list 😃

[codecov]

Codecov Report

Attention: Patch coverage is 85.60061% with 380 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.

Project coverage is 72.73%. Comparing base (29d60c0) to head (530e7e8).
Report is 3 commits behind head on master.

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
ADOL-C/src/advector.cpp	0.00%	191 Missing ⚠️
ADOL-C/src/pdouble.cpp	39.45%	112 Missing ⚠️
ADOL-C/src/externfcts.cpp	51.21%	40 Missing ⚠️
ADOL-C/src/fixpoint.cpp	81.13%	10 Missing ⚠️
ADOL-C/src/checkpointing.cpp	90.80%	8 Missing ⚠️
ADOL-C/include/adolc/advector.h	0.00%	6 Missing ⚠️
ADOL-C/src/externfcts2.cpp	0.00%	6 Missing ⚠️
ADOL-C/src/storemanager.cpp	0.00%	3 Missing ⚠️
ADOL-C/include/adolc/adtb_types.h	96.15%	2 Missing ⚠️
ADOL-C/src/taping.cpp	0.00%	1 Missing ⚠️
... and 1 more

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##           master      #96      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   68.49%   72.73%   +4.24%     
==========================================
  Files          53       57       +4     
  Lines       28596    30934    +2338     
  Branches     1861     1988     +127     
==========================================
+ Hits        19586    22501    +2915     
+ Misses       9010     8433     -577     

Flag	Coverage Δ
unittests	72.73% <85.60%> (+4.24%)	⬆️

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[osander1]

That's a lot of stuff for a single pull request. If possible, splitting it into several parts would make it easier to review.

[TimSiebert1]

Hmm, that would probably be a lot of work... But if you want to check each PR carefully, I could do that. Otherwise, I could explain the changes in more detail in a meeting.