add parquet labels cache

[yeya24]

What this PR does:

Add Parquet Labels file cache using the caching bucket. This allows caching Parquet Labels File GetRange requests to reduce API calls to the object storage.

Which issue(s) this PR fixes:
Fixes #

Checklist

• Tests updated
• Documentation added
• CHANGELOG.md updated - the order of entries should be [CHANGE], [FEATURE], [ENHANCEMENT], [BUGFIX]

[yeya24]

--- FAIL: TestBlocksCleaner_ShouldRemoveBlocksOutsideRetentionPeriod (0.16s)
    blocks_cleaner_test.go:700: 
        	Error Trace:	/__w/cortex/cortex/pkg/compactor/blocks_cleaner_test.go:700
        	            				/__w/cortex/cortex/pkg/compactor/blocks_cleaner_test.go:825
        	Error:      	Not equal: 
        	            	expected: false
        	            	actual  : true
        	Test:       	TestBlocksCleaner_ShouldRemoveBlocksOutsideRetentionPeriod
    blocks_cleaner_test.go:830: 
        	Error Trace:	/__w/cortex/cortex/pkg/compactor/blocks_cleaner_test.go:830
        	Error:      	Received unexpected error:
        	            	 # HELP cortex_bucket_blocks_count Total number of blocks in the bucket. Includes blocks marked for deletion, but not partial blocks.
        	            	 # TYPE cortex_bucket_blocks_count gauge
        	            	-cortex_bucket_blocks_count{user="user-1"} 2
        	            	+cortex_bucket_blocks_count{user="user-1"} 1
        	            	 cortex_bucket_blocks_count{user="user-2"} 2
        	            	 # HELP cortex_bucket_blocks_marked_for_deletion_count Total number of blocks marked for deletion in the bucket.
        	            	 # TYPE cortex_bucket_blocks_marked_for_deletion_count gauge
        	            	 cortex_bucket_blocks_marked_for_deletion_count{user="user-1"} 0
        	            	 cortex_bucket_blocks_marked_for_deletion_count{user="user-2"} 0
        	            	 # HELP cortex_compactor_blocks_marked_for_deletion_total Total number of blocks marked for deletion in compactor.
        	            	 # TYPE cortex_compactor_blocks_marked_for_deletion_total counter
        	            	 cortex_compactor_blocks_marked_for_deletion_total{reason="retention",user="user-1"} 1
        	            	 cortex_compactor_blocks_marked_for_deletion_total{reason="retention",user="user-2"} 0
        	            	 
        	Test:       	TestBlocksCleaner_ShouldRemoveBlocksOutsideRetentionPeriod
    blocks_cleaner_test.go:700: 
        	Error Trace:	/__w/cortex/cortex/pkg/compactor/blocks_cleaner_test.go:700
        	            				/__w/cortex/cortex/pkg/compactor/blocks_cleaner_test.go:862
        	Error:      	Not equal: 
        	            	expected: false
        	            	actual  : true
        	Test:       	TestBlocksCleaner_ShouldRemoveBlocksOutsideRetentionPeriod
    blocks_cleaner_test.go:867: 
        	Error Trace:	/__w/cortex/cortex/pkg/compactor/blocks_cleaner_test.go:867
        	Error:      	Received unexpected error:
        	            	 # HELP cortex_bucket_blocks_count Total number of blocks in the bucket. Includes blocks marked for deletion, but not partial blocks.
        	            	 # TYPE cortex_bucket_blocks_count gauge
        	            	-cortex_bucket_blocks_count{user="user-1"} 2
        	            	+cortex_bucket_blocks_count{user="user-1"} 1
        	            	 cortex_bucket_blocks_count{user="user-2"} 0
        	            	 # HELP cortex_bucket_blocks_marked_for_deletion_count Total number of blocks marked for deletion in the bucket.
        	            	 # TYPE cortex_bucket_blocks_marked_for_deletion_count gauge
        	            	 cortex_bucket_blocks_marked_for_deletion_count{user="user-1"} 0
        	            	 cortex_bucket_blocks_marked_for_deletion_count{user="user-2"} 0
        	            	 # HELP cortex_compactor_blocks_marked_for_deletion_total Total number of blocks marked for deletion in compactor.
        	            	 # TYPE cortex_compactor_blocks_marked_for_deletion_total counter
        	            	 cortex_compactor_blocks_marked_for_deletion_total{reason="retention",user="user-1"} 1
        	            	 cortex_compactor_blocks_marked_for_deletion_total{reason="retention",user="user-2"} 2
        	            	 
        	Test:       	TestBlocksCleaner_ShouldRemoveBlocksOutsideRetentionPeriod
FAIL
FAIL	github.com/cortexproject/cortex/pkg/compactor	78.746s

Flaky test worth taking a closer look