Linux General Commands

Know Linux version

lsb_release -a

Permissions and ownership

chmod -R 777 file
chown -R someuser:somegroup /path
chown -R user: /path # change owner but no group owner

Systemctl

sudo systemctl status mysql

Copying files and directories using scp

#from local to remote
scp /path/to/file1 user@remotehost:/remotedir/file1

#from remote to local
scp user@remotehost:/remotedir/file1 /path/to/local/file1

#copy the 'remotedir' directory recursive to the current directory
scp -r user@remotehost:/remotedir .

Zip / Unzip

#Zip
tar -c folder | bzip2 > folder.tar.bz2

#Unzip
tar jvxf file.tar.bz2

Webstorm command

/usr/bin/bash -l -i -c "/opt/WebStorm-191.7479.14/bin/webstorm.sh"

Redirection Operators ''>'' and ''>>''

• The redirection operator ''>'' causes a file creation, and if it does exist, the contents are overwritten.
• The redirection operator ''>>'' add information to the end of file, rather than replacing it.

View all the open ports

netstat -nlt

Available Memory:

free -m

Disk space and inode usage

df -h --total
df -i --total

Watch a file on real time:

#va mostrando lo nuevo que se le añade a fichero.log
tail -f fichero.log

Para ver todas las interfaces de red

sudo lshw -class network
sudo update-rc.d -f apache2 remove

Stop services from starting on boot

sudo update-rc.d -f apache2 remove

Size of all items in a file

du -sk -- * | sort -n | perl -pe '@SI=qw(K M G T P); s:^(\d+?)((\d\d\d)*)\s:$1." ".$SI[((length $2)/3)]."\t":e'

Get all Ubuntu repositories

grep -r --include '*.list' '^deb ' /etc/apt/sources.list*

Compare files and folders

With find

This command will save in /tmp/file_list_$FOLDER an alphabetically ordered list of all the files inside $FOLDER, complete with the corresponding sub-folders:

find $FOLDER -type f | cut -d/ -f2- | sort > /tmp/file_list_$FOLDER

With rsync

The four command line switches r, v, c and n tell ''rsync'' to perform a ''v''erbose, ''r''ecursive, ''c''hecksum-based synchronization of the two directories, but only for show: ''-n'', in fact, displays what rsync would do IF you did let it free to make the second folder a perfect copy of the first one. The advantage of rsync is that can compare local directories with remote ones.

rsync -rvnc -delete todo_sync/ todo_orig/

Graphical interface

And graphically you could use ''meld''

Recover Linux Grub

root (hd1,0)
kernel /boot/vmlinuz-3.0.0-20-generic root=/dev/sda1
initrd /boot/initrd-3.0.0-20-generic
boot