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Looking to boost your credit score? Dive into our guide on increasing your credit score with easy-to-follow steps and valuable insights. Learn the secrets to improving your financial health and unlocking opportunities with a higher credit score. Understanding Credit Scores Having a good credit score is crucial for your financial well-being. It determines your ability to access credit, loans, and even certain job opportunities. Let’s break down what a credit score is and how it can impact your financial life. What is a Credit Score and How is it Calculated? A credit score is a three-digit number that represents your creditworthiness to lenders. It is calculated based on your credit history, including factors such as payment history, credit utilization, length of credit history, new credit accounts, and types of credit used. The most common credit scoring model is FICO, with scores ranging from 300 to 850. - Your payment history accounts for 35% of your credit score. Making on-time payments is crucial to maintaining a good credit score. - Credit utilization, or the amount of credit you use compared to your total available credit, makes up 30% of your score. Keeping this ratio low can positively impact your credit score. - The length of your credit history contributes 15% to your score. Having a longer credit history can demonstrate responsible credit management. - New credit accounts and credit inquiries make up 10% of your score. Opening multiple new accounts in a short period can negatively impact your credit score. - The types of credit you use, such as credit cards, loans, and mortgages, make up the final 10% of your score. Having a mix of credit types can be beneficial for your credit score. Importance of Having a Good Credit Score A good credit score can make it easier to qualify for loans, credit cards, and favorable interest rates. It can also impact your ability to rent an apartment, buy a car, or even secure a job. Maintaining a good credit score is essential for financial stability and future opportunities. Factors Impacting Your Credit Score “Your credit score is a reflection of your credit behavior and financial responsibility.” - Avoiding late payments and keeping your credit utilization low can positively impact your credit score. - Regularly checking your credit report for errors and addressing them promptly can help maintain a good credit score. - Applying for credit only when necessary and managing your credit accounts responsibly are key factors in maintaining a good credit score. Checking and Monitoring Your Credit Score When it comes to your credit score, staying in the know is key to financial success. Here’s how to check and monitor your credit score like a boss. How to Check Your Current Credit Score - Get a free credit report from AnnualCreditReport.com once a year from each of the three major credit bureaus: Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion. - Sign up for credit monitoring services like Credit Karma, Credit Sesame, or your bank’s credit monitoring tools. - Check your credit score through your credit card issuer or bank’s online portal. Significance of Monitoring Your Credit Score Regularly Monitoring your credit score regularly can help you catch any errors or fraudulent activity early on, giving you a chance to rectify the situation before it negatively impacts your financial health. Tools and Resources for Monitoring Credit Scores - Credit Karma: Provides free credit scores, reports, and monitoring services. - Credit Sesame: Offers free credit monitoring and personalized recommendations to improve your credit score. - Banks and Credit Card Issuers: Many financial institutions offer free credit score monitoring tools for their customers. Paying Bills on Time When it comes to your credit score, paying bills on time is crucial. Timely payments show lenders that you are responsible and can manage your finances effectively, ultimately improving your credit score. Impact of Timely Bill Payments - On-time payments can boost your credit score and demonstrate financial responsibility. - It helps you avoid late fees and penalties that can add up over time. - Lenders and creditors are more likely to trust you with credit when you have a history of paying bills on time. Tips for Ensuring Timely Bill Payments - Set up automatic payments through your bank or creditors to ensure bills are paid on time. - Set reminders on your phone or calendar to alert you of upcoming due dates. - Create a budget to track your expenses and ensure you have enough funds to cover your bills each month. Consequences of Late Payments - Late payments can negatively impact your credit score and stay on your credit report for up to seven years. - You may incur late fees, penalty interest rates, and even risk having your account sent to collections. - Repeated late payments can lead to a decrease in your credit score, making it more challenging to qualify for loans or credit in the future. Managing Credit Card Utilization When it comes to managing credit card utilization, it’s all about keeping a balance between using your credit card and not maxing it out. This plays a crucial role in determining your credit score, as it reflects your ability to responsibly handle credit. Understanding Credit Card Utilization Credit card utilization refers to the percentage of your available credit that you are currently using. It is calculated by dividing your credit card balance by your credit limit and then multiplying by 100. For example, if you have a credit limit of $5,000 and a balance of $1,000, your credit card utilization is 20%. - Keep credit card utilization below 30%: To maintain a healthy credit score, it’s recommended to keep your credit card utilization below 30%. This shows lenders that you are not overly reliant on credit. - Pay off balances in full: One way to keep credit card utilization low is to pay off your balances in full and on time each month. This demonstrates responsible credit management and can positively impact your credit score. - Avoid closing old accounts: Closing old credit card accounts can reduce your total available credit, which may increase your credit card utilization ratio. Instead, consider keeping these accounts open to maintain a lower utilization rate. Benefits of Maintaining a Low Credit Card Balance Maintaining a low credit card balance can have several benefits, including: - Improved credit score: By keeping your credit card utilization low, you can improve your credit score and demonstrate responsible credit management to lenders. - Lower interest payments: Carrying a lower balance on your credit card means paying less in interest charges, saving you money in the long run. - Higher credit limits: Responsible credit card usage can lead to higher credit limits over time, providing you with more financial flexibility. Reviewing Credit Reports When it comes to managing your credit score, reviewing your credit reports regularly is crucial. By checking your credit reports, you can spot any errors or discrepancies that may be negatively affecting your credit score. It also allows you to monitor your financial health and identity theft. Obtaining a Free Credit Report - Obtain a free credit report from each of the three major credit bureaus – Equifax, Experian, and TransUnion – once a year at AnnualCreditReport.com. - Review the information on each report carefully, looking for any inaccuracies or unfamiliar accounts. - Check for any signs of identity theft, such as accounts you didn’t open or inquiries you don’t recognize. Impact of Errors on Credit Scores - Errors on your credit report, such as incorrect account information or missed payments, can have a significant impact on your credit score. - Discrepancies can result in a lower credit score, making it harder to qualify for loans, credit cards, or favorable interest rates. - If you find any errors on your credit report, you should dispute them with the credit bureau to have them corrected. Building a Positive Credit History Building a positive credit history is crucial for maintaining a good credit score and financial health. Lenders and creditors use your credit history to assess your creditworthiness, so having a positive track record can open doors to better interest rates and loan terms. Significance of a Long and Positive Credit History Having a long and positive credit history demonstrates to lenders that you are a responsible borrower who can manage credit effectively over time. It shows consistency and reliability in repaying debts, which can result in better credit offers and lower interest rates. Tips on How to Build and Maintain a Positive Credit History - Pay your bills on time: Timely payments are crucial for building a positive credit history. Consider setting up automatic payments or reminders to ensure you never miss a due date. - Keep credit card balances low: Aim to keep your credit card utilization below 30% to show that you can manage credit responsibly. - Limit new credit applications: Opening multiple new accounts within a short period can signal financial distress to lenders. Be strategic in applying for new credit. - Monitor your credit report: Regularly check your credit report for errors or suspicious activity that could damage your credit history. Dispute any inaccuracies promptly. Establishing Credit with No Credit History If you have no credit history, you may need to start building credit from scratch. Consider the following options: - Apply for a secured credit card: Secured credit cards require a security deposit but can help you establish a credit history with responsible use. - Become an authorized user: Ask a family member or friend with good credit to add you as an authorized user on their credit card. This can help you build credit without needing your own account. - Consider a credit-builder loan: These loans are designed to help individuals build credit by making small monthly payments that are reported to the credit bureaus.

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See the Glossary (PDF) provided by the University of Arizona College of Pharmacy for definitions of study designs. The Evidence-Based Pyramid is divided into levels. Each ascending level represents a different type of study design and corresponds to increasing rigor, quality, and reliability of the evidence. The levels from the bottom to the top are: case reports, opinion papers, & letters; animal trials; cross-sectional studies; case-control studies; cohort studies; randomized controlled trials; and metanalyses & systematic reviews. Therapy: Questions about the effectiveness of interventions in improving outcomes in sick patients/patients suffering from some condition. Prevention: Questions about the effectiveness of an intervention or exposure in preventing morbidity and mortality. Diagnosis: Questions about the ability of a test or procedure to differentiate between those with and without a condition or disease. Prognosis: Questions about the probable cause of a patient's disease or the likelihood that he or she will develop an illness. Etiology/Harm: Questions about the harmful effect of an intervention or exposure on a patient.

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Thermal Properties of Materials Click on the flashcard to see the answer What are thermal properties of materials? Thermal properties are characteristics of materials that describe their behavior under temperature changes. Define thermal expansion. Thermal expansion is the increase in volume of a material as its temperature increases. What is the difference between linear and volumetric thermal expansion? Linear thermal expansion refers to change in length, while volumetric thermal expansion refers to change in volume. How is the coefficient of thermal expansion defined? The coefficient of thermal expansion is a numerical value that represents how much a material expands per degree of temperature increase. What is thermal conductivity? Thermal conductivity is a measure of a material's ability to conduct heat. Explain thermal diffusivity. Thermal diffusivity measures how quickly heat spreads through a material. What factors influence thermal expansion of materials? Factors include the material’s atomic structure, temperature, and physical state. What materials typically have high thermal conductivity? Metals like copper and aluminum typically have high thermal conductivity. What are some applications that require materials with low thermal expansion? Applications include precision instruments, spacecraft, and optical components which require dimensional stability across temperatures. Describe the importance of thermal insulation in building materials. Thermal insulation maintains a comfortable indoor temperature and increases energy efficiency by reducing heat loss or gain. How does temperature affect the electrical resistance of materials? In conductors, resistance typically increases with temperature, while in semiconductors, it decreases. What is the Seebeck effect? The Seebeck effect is the generation of an electrical voltage across a conductor or semiconductor when subjected to a temperature gradient. What role does thermal conductivity play in heat exchangers? High thermal conductivity allows efficient heat transfer between fluids in a heat exchanger. Why are ceramics often used as insulators? Ceramics are used because they have low thermal and electrical conductivity. What is the purpose of thermal paste in electronics? Thermal paste improves the heat transfer between a heat-generating component and a heat sink by filling in air gaps. Login to save

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Leviathan is a 4-4-0 tender steam locomotive. Central Pacific No.63, named Leviathan, is a 4-4-0 American steam locomotive. It was built by the Schenectady Locomotive Works of New York in September 1868 for the Central Pacific Railroad and was used for the Transcontinental Railroad project. The engine was designed to haul passenger trains for the Central Pacific Railroad including transports to build the First Transcontinental Railroad. Sadly, the historical significance of this locomotive was not realized until decades after it was scrapped in 1901. By then, the Leviathan had been unrecognizably altered. In 2009, a replica was made; the replica remains operational today but only operates on special occasions and is also used for tourist excursions of any kind. But as of today, the Leviathan has been moved to the Star Barn Estates in Elizabethtown, PA. It is currently unknown if the locomotive will be traveling anymore. When the Leviathan moved to the Star Barn Estates, she was also re-lettered and renumbered as "Pennsylvania Railroad No.331" its unknown when it will change back to No.63 Leviathan and being donated to another railroad and when it’s going to return to service. - The Leviathan was the only Central Pacific locomotive that lives (is based in) in the state of Illinois. - The replica of the engine is owned and designed by David H. Kloke of Kloke Locomotive Works of Elgin, Illinois. - The locomotive used to be America's newest operating steam locomotive but has lost the title to the York 17, another replica built by David Kloke in 2013. - The Leviathan and the Jupiter are both operating 4-4-0s from the Central Pacific Railroad, they are also Replicas, and he's also the Jupiter's brother. - In 2012 the engine did a doubleheader with Lehigh Valley Coal Co. #126 at the Illinois Railway Museum. - The locomotive did a doubleheader with Little River Railroad No.110 at Train Expo 2014. - The locomotive was originally designed to burn wood, which was the reason for its distinctive funnel which contained a spark arrestor. - The locomotive was originally used for freight service besides hauling passengers. - On July 2009 the Leviathan made its first public appearance at "America's Largest Celebration of Railroading" in Owosso, MI. - After the Transcontinental Railroad ceremony, the Leviathan found itself in more regular usage on the Central Pacific. - In the early 1870s, the railroad had given up naming their engines, and the Leviathan name was dropped, and the engine was simply known as CP #63. - The Leviathan made multiple visits around the Midwest and eastern parts of the United States. - In June 2015 the engine was at the Galesburg Railroad Museum for Railroad Days and David Kloke was an engineer of the Leviathan. - In 2014, the locomotive was at Train Expo 2014. - In 2011, the locomotive was at the Rock Island Train Festival. - From 2011-2013, it operated at the Illinois Railway Museum. Also, in August 2011 it sat on display at the Illinois Railway Museum during the Day Out With Thomas event.

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| 13th December 2021 A new report from Friends of the Earth Australia details the catastrophic cost overruns with nuclear power projects. Despite the abundance of evidence that nuclear power is economically uncompetitive compared to renewables, the nuclear industry and some of its supporters continue to claim otherwise. Claims about ‘cheap’ nuclear power certainly don’t consider the real-world nuclear construction projects detailed in a new report by Friends of the Earth Australia. Every power reactor construction project in Western Europe and the US over the past decade has been a disaster. The V.C. Summer project in South Carolina (two AP1000 reactors) was abandoned after the expenditure of at least US$9 billion leading Westinghouse to file for bankruptcy in 2017. The only remaining reactor construction project in the US is the Vogtle project in Georgia (two AP1000 reactors). The current cost estimate of US$27-30+ billion is twice the estimate when construction began (US$14-15.5 billion). The only current reactor construction project in France is one EPR reactor under construction at Flamanville. The current cost estimate of €19.1 billion is 5.8 times greater than the original estimate. The Flamanville reactor is 10 years behind schedule. The only current reactor construction project in the UK comprises two EPR reactors under construction at Hinkley Point. In the late 2000s, the estimated construction cost for one EPR reactor in the UK was £2 billion. The current cost estimate for two EPR reactors at Hinkley Point is £22-23 billion, over five times greater than the initial estimate. In 2007, EDF boasted that Britons would be using electricity from an EPR reactor at Hinkley Point to cook their Christmas turkeys in 2017, but construction didn’t even begin until 2018. Is China a shining light for nuclear power? One EPR reactor (Olkiluoto-3) is under construction in Finland. The current cost estimate of about €11 billion is 3.7 times greater than the original estimate. Olkiluoto-3 is 13 years behind schedule. Nuclear power is growing in a few countries, but only barely. China is said to be the industry’s shining light but nuclear growth is modest ‒ an average of 2.1 reactor construction starts per year over the past decade. Moreover, nuclear growth in China is negligible compared to renewables ‒ 2 gigawatts (GW) of nuclear power capacity were added in 2020 compared to 135 GW of renewables.

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What file system does Unix use? The Unix file system (UFS) is a family of file systems supported by many Unix and Unix-like operating systems. It is a distant descendant of the original filesystem used by Version 7 Unix. How you will apply file handling utilities in Linux? - touch command can be used to create a new file. - cat command can be used to display the contents of a file. - cp command could be used to create the copy of a file. - mv command could be used to move a file from source to destination. - mv command could be used to rename a file. - rm command could be used to delete a file. Which command is a folder management utility in the Linux command environment? mkdir. mkdir is a utility for creating a directory. What are hidden files in Unix? In Unix-like operating systems, any file or folder that starts with a dot character (for example, /home/user/. config), commonly called a dot file or dotfile, is to be treated as hidden – that is, the ls command does not display them unless the -a or -A flags ( ls -a or ls -A ) are used. Are Linux and Unix the same? Linux is not Unix, but it is a Unix-like operating system. Linux system is derived from Unix and it is a continuation of the basis of Unix design. Linux distributions are the most famous and healthiest example of direct Unix derivatives. BSD (Berkley Software Distribution) is also an example of a Unix derivative. What are the three types of files in Linux file management? In Linux there are basically three types of files: Ordinary/Regular files. - Readable files. - Binary files. - Image files. - Compressed files and so on. How many types of files are there in Unix? The seven standard Unix file types are regular, directory, symbolic link, FIFO special, block special, character special, and socket as defined by POSIX. Different OS-specific implementations allow more types than what POSIX requires (e.g. Solaris doors). How files are managed in Unix? All files are organized into directories. These directories are organized into a tree-like structure called the file system. Files in Unix System are organized into multi-level hierarchy structure known as a directory tree. At the very top of the file system is a directory called “root” which is represented by a “/”. How do I view hidden files? View hidden files and folders in Windows - Open File Explorer from the taskbar. - Select View > Options > Change folder and search options. - Select the View tab and, in Advanced settings, select Show hidden files, folders, and drives and OK. How do I view hidden files in Linux? By default, your file manager doesn’t display all hidden files. Click on the Menu icon located in the upper-right corner and select Show Hidden Files. Your hidden files and folders will now be visible. Alternatively, you can use the keyboard shortcut Ctrl + H to view hidden files on Linux as well. Is Unix still used? However, Unix is still the preferred system for many use cases, such as data center application support, cloud security and vertical-specific software. What is Unix is used for? In the late 20th century UNIX was widely used for Internet servers, workstations, and mainframe computers. The main features of UNIX were its simplicity, portability (the ability to run on many different systems), multitasking and multiuser capabilities, extensive library of software, and hierarchical file system. What are 5 types of files? 6 Different Types of Files and How to Use Them - JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Group) - PNG (Portable Network Graphics) - GIF (Graphics Interchange Format) - PDF (Portable Document Format) - SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics) - MP4 (Moving Picture Experts Group) What are 5 Linux commands? Here is a list of basic Linux commands: - pwd command. Use the pwd command to find out the path of the current working directory (folder) you’re in. - cd command. To navigate through the Linux files and directories, use the cd command. - ls command. - cat command. - cp command. - mv command. - mkdir command. - rmdir command. What are the 3 types of files in Unix? The seven standard Unix file types are regular, directory, symbolic link, FIFO special, block special, character special, and socket as defined by POSIX. What are 3 standard files in Unix? Using the shell: In the shell, the names for these files are: stdin for the standard input file. stdout for the standard output file. stderr for the standard error file. What are the 3 types of files? The types of files recognized by the system are either regular, directory, or special. However, the operating system uses many variations of these basic types. All file types recognized by the system fall into one of these categories. However, the operating system uses many variations of these basic types. How do I make hidden files visible in Linux? First, browse to the directory you want to view. 2. Then, press Ctrl+h . If Ctrl+h doesn’t work, click the View menu, then check the box to Show hidden files. How do I see all hidden files? Open File Explorer from the taskbar. Select View > Options > Change folder and search options. Select the View tab and, in Advanced settings, select Show hidden files, folders, and drives and OK. What are hidden files Unix? Is Unix a coding language? Unix Systems Programming Unix was developed as a software development platform, where programs were created for various other platforms. So it isn’t surprising that it continues to be a very popular platform for programmers. Early on in its development, Unix was rewritten in the C programming language. Who runs Unix? The Open Group In the early 1990s, AT sold its rights in Unix to Novell, which then sold the UNIX trademark to The Open Group, an industry consortium founded in 1996. The Open Group allows the use of the mark for certified operating systems that comply with the Single UNIX Specification (SUS). Is Unix still used today? Today, a variety of modern servers, workstations, mobile devices and embedded systems are driven by Unix-based OSes, including macOS computers and Android mobile devices. Is Unix same as Linux? What are 3 types of files? The types of files recognized by the system are either regular, directory, or special. However, the operating system uses many variations of these basic types. All file types recognized by the system fall into one of these categories.

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A patent can only be infringed in those jurisdictions where it is enforced. Sounds simple enough. But more than 70% of the Earth’s surface is covered by water, so what regulations apply there? How far does patent protection extend into (and under) the sea, and what happens when a ship and its cargo enter and leave these jurisdictions? “Whenever I find myself growing grim about the mouth; whenever it is a damp, drizzly November in my soul […] then, I account it high time to get to sea as soon as I can.” Melville’s character of Ishmael may have been many things; sailor, whaler, philosopher, but he was probably not a patent owner; otherwise, he might have preferred a simpler life on terra firma. It is time to chart some of these idiosyncratic legal waters to ensure safe passage for Intellectual Property (IP) assets. In order to navigate confidently through the topic of jurisdictional limits, we first need to understand four terms as defined by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (“the Convention”), signed in 1982. The first is the “baseline,” which is the low-water mark from which the range of a country’s marine interests is measured. Next is the “territorial sea.” Under the Convention, sovereign rights of coastal states extend 12 nautical miles (roughly 22 km) out from the baseline, making the territorial sea the minimum extent of that nation’s patent enforcement regime and its legal jurisdiction more broadly. Over an area extending an additional 12 nautical miles beyond the territorial sea, referred to as the “contiguous zone,” a nation may take actions necessary to “prevent infringement of its customs, fiscal, immigration or sanitary laws and regulations within its territory or territorial sea.” In other words, if a state wishes to enforce its patent legislation within the contiguous zone as a matter of customs control, it may. Finally, there is the “exclusive economic zone (EEZ),” generally extending a maximum of 200 nautical miles (around 370 km) from the baseline. Here, a coastal nation has sole exploitation rights to natural resources on or near the seabed, including energy generation, but otherwise limited control as these areas are considered international waters. EEZs do not apply to the resources of the water column or surface. Beyond the EEZs lie the “high seas” over which no nation can exert control, meaning that approximately half of the Earth’s surface belongs to no jurisdiction at all. Not all coastal states exercise their prerogatives under the Convention in the same way. Despite maintaining the largest (by tonnage) and most powerful military fleet in the world, the United States has declined the right to extend its patent sovereignty to its contiguous zones and EEZs. This is because all U.S. statutes are enacted on what is called the “presumption against extraterritoriality.” Simply put, unless explicitly stated, U.S. laws are assumed to apply only within U.S. territory. Added to this, in March 1983, President Ronald Regan proclaimed that the EEZs remain “an area beyond the territory and territorial sea of the United States.” Therefore, unless specific legislation is introduced to extend patent sovereignty to these zones, the farthest limit of the United States’ jurisdiction in this regard is and will remain its territorial seas. However, that is not the full story, but we will come back to that shortly. Across the Atlantic Ocean, the United Kingdom takes a very different stance when it comes to patent jurisdiction. Longstanding naval traditions and, crucially, offshore oil fields encourage the island nation to extend the reach of patent legislation into its EEZs and designated areas of seafloor. The Petroleum Act of 1998 specifically mentions that installations to explore or exploit natural resources are subject to the UK government’s authority. This means that oil rigs, undersea survey vehicles and drilling equipment can all be subject to UK patent jurisdiction outside of the country’s territorial seas if their use applies to a claimed zone of the seabed. This extension can be seen in practice in Rockwater v Coflexip SA . Recently, the United Kingdom’s Royal Navy intensified patrols to defend the country’s vital offshore energy infrastructure. This was in direct response to a series of explosions in the EEZs of Sweden and Denmark on September 26, 2022, that ruptured both the Nord Stream and Nord Stream 2 undersea gas pipelines from Russia to Europe. Just passing through An oil rig is one thing, but ships are nothing if not mobile. What happens if a vessel enters a jurisdiction where an invention it is carrying or utilizing is subject to patent protection? Let us assume a ship is entering territorial waters. If the patented subject matter is contained in the ship’s cargo and the article is not destined to be sold, distributed or used in the covered jurisdiction, there is no infringement. Global trade would grind to a halt if every ship were to be detained and searched by customs officials for potentially patent-infringing goods that are simply transiting. Removing as many obstacles to international trade as possible is the objective underpinning the intersection of patent and maritime law. This principle also applies when a ship itself, rather than its cargo, infringes a patent. In 1883, the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property defined many of today’s standards of cross-border IP protection while including crucial exemptions for sea, land and air vehicles. Namely, a patent is not infringed by: “the use on board vessels of other countries of the Union of devices forming the subject of his patent in the body of the vessel, in the machinery, tackle, gear and other accessories, when such vessels temporarily or accidentally enter the waters of the said country, provided that such devices are used there exclusively for the needs of the vessel […].” There is just one little problem: How long is “temporary?” Defining the length of a piece of string Most national courts and legislators have interpreted this article by applying the spirit of the law as broadly as feasible. As a result, no infringement occurs so long as a visiting, patent-infringing vessel enters a covered jurisdiction solely to engage in international commerce and then leave — even if it does this several times a day. Here it is important to note that the same could not be said if the ship were to conduct trade between domestic ports in the covered jurisdiction. For an example of the international commerce exemption in action, we can look at when Stena Rederi Aktiebolag accused Irish Ferries of patent infringement with respect to elements of a ship’s hull. Stena did not hold a patent for its hull design in Ireland but did in the United Kingdom, so the company sued the ferry operator on account that the ship in question, a catamaran named the Jonathon Swift, routinely entered UK territorial waters to service a route between Dublin and Holyhead. The case eventually came before the Court of Appeal (England and Wales), which held in 2003 that while Stena’s UK patent was valid, the Jonathon Swift did not infringe it since the ship fell under the exceptions of the Paris Convention and the United Kingdom’s own Patents Act 1977. “The fact that the same journey is repeated over and over again does not alter the fact that each entry into our waters is designed to be short-lived.” Ultimately, Stena’s biggest mistake might have been not acquiring patent protection in Ireland, where the Jonathan Swift’s home port lay. How to defend against patent pirates The most suitable IP-filing strategy depends on the type of inventions you are trying to protect. As we have seen, it is wise to seek patent protection for technologies used in undersea exploration and drilling in those countries with significant offshore oil reserves. On the other hand, if you have developed an innovative ship design, it would be best to patent it in the major shipbuilding nations, principally China, South Korea and Japan, or in countries with strategically important ports. Finally, receiving a patent in a country where a ship is registered guards your innovation against infringement onboard a vessel while it is on the high seas. Under Article 92 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, “[s]hips shall sail under the flag of one State only and save, in exceptional cases expressly provided for in international treaties or in this Convention, shall be subject to its exclusive jurisdiction on the high seas.” And although the United States is not a signatory of this agreement, there exists a compelling body of precedent that U.S. patent laws “extend to the decks of American vessels on the high seas, as much as it does to all the territory of the country, and for many purposes is even more exclusive,” Gardiner v Howe, 1885. The tides of international patent law are slow to turn, but turn they do. And though nothing is truly static in the world of IP, for now, our drama is done. Did you subscribe to our daily newsletter? It’s Free! Click here to Subscribe!

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Yoga VS. Obesity Yoga is helping children out when it comes to health and preventing obesity. It seems like the two things that people are talking about in the United States today are yoga and obesity. Actually, it shouldn’t surprise us that even people in other countries are talking about our obesity epidemic. That’s right, when I was living in a rural part of Taiwan, people were talking about how fat Americans are. Well, I’m here to say that yoga is here to stay and pretty soon, that’s what people will be talking about all over the world pretty soon. So, why is yoga the perfect opponent to childhood obesity? Here are 8 healthy reasons why yoga is a winner for obesity prevention: - Stress-Management: When children participate in yoga, they not only learn about yoga poses, but they learn various breathing exercises and meditation. These skills can be coping skills when children are hurt, upset, or stressed. As we are learning, stress can be harmful to the body in many ways, and children need outlets besides going to food or the television to de-stress. - Healthy Eating Habits: Kids yoga incorporates the discussion of healthy eating habits in yoga. By talking about healthy eating, the children learn about which foods we should eat more of, which foods to avoid and little tips such as foods which can boost energy or help with digestion. Yoga provides a safe place to talk about eating habits. - T.V. Alternative: Sometimes children have a tough time finding something to do, and they often times turn to television or other technology. Yoga is a great alternative, especially because it can be done anywhere and at any time. Children learn that yoga feels great and they soon associate yoga with relaxation and fun. - Easy on the body: Unlike some sports and activities which are tough on joints and the body, yoga is a safe and effective activity. Yoga is a whole body and mind adventure. The slow movements are easy on joints, while strength and stability increases while doing the low impact poses. Obese children can participate in all of the poses, with a few slight variations when necessary. - Builds self-confidence: Who doesn’t need a confidence boost every now and then? Yoga does the trick in more ways than one. When children succeed in yoga poses, especially challenging ones, they feel great about themselves. Yoga also helps with posture which also increases self-esteem. People with more self-confidence tend to be happier and take care of themselves better. - Reduces high blood pressure: Yoga, along with deep breathing and meditation can help reduce high blood pressure. Blood pressure changes every minute and is related to stress, diet, body temperature, activity, rest, and posture. Inversion poses are said to help relieve or reduce blood pressure. Examples of inversion poses include downward dog, bridge pose, corpse pose (savasana), forward bend, and fish pose. - Focus and Coordination: Obesity affects cognitive development. Researchers have discovered that children who are obese have slower cognitive function. Yoga on the other hand, increases focus and coordination. - Sleep-Problems: Obesity often causes sleep problems for a variety of reasons. There are many yoga poses and deep breathing exercises that children learn which can have a calming effect on the body and mind, thus helping in going to sleep. We often sleep better when we have had enough exercise in the day, and yoga is a great low-impact exercise.

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Octopus kaurna are quite common on night dives, rarely seen in daylight. I saw 3 on this particular night dive at Port Noarlunga jetty, all near or under the outer jetty and adjacent reef. Octopus kaurna can bury very deep in sand, during the day, using a few of the very long arms to make a snorkel for breathing. Most octopuses can only bury very shallow, with just a thin layer of sand as disguise, because they need water to ‘breath’, or they will asphyxiate. Of course, many solve the oxygen problem by hiding deep in the back of rock crevices when resting, and only hide in surface sand if panicked by an approaching predator before they can reach their rock nook or den. I recently read something about Octopus kaurna using their long arms to maintain oxygenated water for respiration while deeply buried in sand and silt, but I don’t remember where I read it, nor whether it was factual or speculation by that ‘author ‘. But Octopus kaurna is a logical evolutionary response to our vast areas of sandy substrate, including in and around seagrass meadows, where they can go so deep that only the bigger eagle rays, etc… can eat them. And like all cephalopods they are very inquisitive about divers, and often have found you rather than vice versa. They will touch you gingerly with a single, extremely elongated tentacle, if you behave appropriately and keep your torch beam off them. Octopus kaurna are quite small, even the cigar-shape body (“tail”) is only about 15cm long in most cases. But those arms are amazing! (Editor’s note: MICHAEL MATTHEWSON TOOK THIS PHOTO OF A SOUTHERN SAND OCTOPUS AT EDITHBURGH. IT FEATURED IN OUR 2008 CALENDAR OF SOUTH AUSTRALIAN MARINE LIFE AS THE MAY IMAGE.)

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You need to protect your ears while mowing the lawn. Loud noise can cause permanent damage, but there’s a solution. In this article, you’ll discover the importance of ear protection, different types available, and factors to consider when choosing the right one. You’ll also learn tips for a proper fit and how to maintain and care for your ear protection. Stay safe and keep your hearing intact while enjoying your yard work. Importance of Ear Protection Prioritize your hearing by understanding the significance of ear protection when operating loud lawn mowing equipment. The noise from a typical gas-powered lawn mower can reach up to 100 decibels, which is well above the safe level for prolonged exposure. Without proper ear protection, this level of noise can cause damage to your hearing over time. The delicate structures in your inner ear can be irreversibly harmed by prolonged exposure to loud noise, leading to hearing loss and other potential issues. By wearing ear protection, such as earmuffs or earplugs, you can significantly reduce the risk of hearing damage while operating loud lawn mowing equipment. It’s crucial to recognize that the effects of noise-induced hearing loss are cumulative and may not be immediately noticeable. Over time, the damage can become permanent, impacting your ability to hear and communicate effectively. Investing in high-quality ear protection is a simple yet effective way to safeguard your hearing and prevent potential long-term consequences. Don’t underestimate the importance of protecting your ears when mowing the lawn, as this small precaution can make a significant difference in preserving your hearing for years to come. Types of Ear Protection When mowing the lawn, you can effectively protect your hearing by using earmuffs or earplugs, which are essential for reducing the risk of long-term damage caused by the loud noise of lawn mowing equipment. Here are the types of ear protection you can consider: - Earmuffs: These are easy to use and provide a good seal around the ears, blocking out a significant amount of noise. They’re typically adjustable and can fit different head sizes comfortably. - Earplugs: These are small inserts that fit into the ear canal. They’re lightweight and portable, making them convenient for lawn mowing. Some earplugs are disposable, while others are reusable and can be easily cleaned. - Noise-canceling headphones: These electronic earmuffs use active noise control to reduce the level of noise that reaches the ears. They’re especially effective in environments with consistent noise levels, such as lawn mowing. - Custom-molded earplugs: These are individually molded to fit your ear canal perfectly, providing a high level of comfort and noise reduction. They’re often made of silicone or acrylic material and can be a long-lasting and effective option for ear protection. Factors to Consider When choosing ear protection for lawn mowing, consider the noise reduction options available. Look for options that offer a comfortable and secure fit, ensuring that you can wear them for extended periods without discomfort. Additionally, consider the durability and maintenance requirements to ensure that your ear protection will last and remain effective over time. Noise Reduction Options Consider the effectiveness of noise reduction options when choosing ear protection for lawn mowing. Not all ear protection options offer the same level of noise reduction, so it’s important to weigh your choices carefully. Here are some factors to consider: - Noise Reduction Rating (NRR): Look for ear protection with a high NRR, as it indicates better noise reduction. - Fit and Comfort: Ensure the ear protection fits well and is comfortable to wear for extended periods to maximize its effectiveness. - Type of Protection: Decide between earmuffs or earplugs based on your personal preference and the level of noise reduction required. - Additional Features: Consider additional features such as Bluetooth connectivity or built-in communication systems if these are important to you. Comfort and Fit To ensure maximum effectiveness, prioritize comfort and fit when choosing ear protection for lawn mowing, as a well-fitted and comfortable option will enhance your overall experience and noise reduction. When considering comfort and fit, there are several factors to take into account. The table below outlines these factors and why they are important for your ear protection: Factor | Importance | Considerations | Earcup Padding | High | Opt for thick and soft padding for long-term comfort | Adjustable Headband | High | Ensures a secure and customized fit for different head sizes | Weight | Medium | Lighter options reduce strain during extended use | Ear Canal Seals | High | Proper seals help in noise reduction and comfort | Durability and Maintenance How frequently should you replace the ear protection for lawn mowing to ensure optimal durability and maintenance? Consider these factors to ensure your ear protection is in good condition: - Frequency of Use: If you use your ear protection frequently, it may experience more wear and tear, necessitating more frequent replacements. - Material Quality: High-quality materials may last longer, reducing the frequency of replacements. - Maintenance: Regular cleaning and proper storage can extend the lifespan of your ear protection. - Manufacturer’s Recommendations: Some ear protection products come with specific guidelines for replacement based on usage and environmental factors. Tips for Proper Fit When it comes to ear protection for lawn mowing, choosing the correct earplugs is crucial. Ensuring a snug earcup fit is also essential for maximum effectiveness. Comfort is important, but it shouldn’t compromise the overall effectiveness of the ear protection. Choosing Correct Earplugs Ensure that you have selected earplugs that fit snugly and comfortably in your ears to provide maximum protection while mowing the lawn. When choosing the correct earplugs, consider the following tips for proper fit: - Material: Opt for earplugs made of soft, pliable foam or silicone for a comfortable fit. - Size: Select earplugs in a size that fits your ear canal snugly without causing discomfort. - Insertion: Roll the earplug into a small, thin cylinder and insert it into your ear canal while gently pulling the ear up and back to ensure a proper seal. - Seal Check: After inserting the earplugs, perform a seal check by cupping your hands over your ears and listening for any reduction in noise. Following these tips will help ensure that your earplugs provide effective protection while mowing the lawn. Ensuring Snug Earcup Fit To ensure maximum protection, position the earcup snugly over your ear canal and adjust the headband for a secure fit. Make sure the earcup completely covers your ear and forms a tight seal. If your earmuffs have cushioned earcups, ensure they create a comfortable yet firm seal around your ears. Adjust the headband so it sits snugly on the top of your head, without being too tight or too loose. Check that the earcup fit is even on both sides and that there are no gaps where sound could leak in. Proper earcup fit is essential for effective noise reduction, so take the time to adjust the earmuffs until they feel secure and comfortable on your ears. Comfort and Effectiveness Adjust the headband and earcups until they form a snug and secure fit to maximize comfort and effectiveness in reducing noise while mowing. Properly fitted ear protection is crucial for both comfort and effectiveness. Here are some tips for achieving the best fit: - Headband: Ensure the headband is adjusted to fit securely but not too tightly. It should rest comfortably on the top of your head without causing any pressure points. - Earcups: Position the earcups over your ears, ensuring they completely cover the ears without gaps. The cushions should form a tight seal against your head to block out as much noise as possible. - Adjustment: If your ear protection has adjustable features, such as swiveling earcups or a customizable headband, take the time to adjust them to fit your specific head shape and size. - Comfort: While ensuring a snug fit, also prioritize overall comfort. Discomfort or pain can be signs of an improper fit, so make adjustments as needed to achieve both comfort and effectiveness. Maintenance and Care Regularly clean and inspect your ear protection equipment to ensure proper functioning and maximum effectiveness. After each use, wipe down the ear muffs or earplugs with a damp cloth to remove any dirt, sweat, or debris that may have accumulated. Check for any signs of wear and tear, such as cracks in the ear cups or fraying of the headband. If you notice any damage, it’s important to address it immediately to maintain the integrity of the protection. Additionally, for ear muffs, make sure the cushions are still pliable and provide a good seal around your ears. Replace any worn-out or damaged parts according to the manufacturer’s recommendations. Store your ear protection in a clean and dry environment to prevent mold or mildew growth, which can compromise the effectiveness of the equipment. Proper maintenance will ensure that your ear protection continues to offer the necessary level of sound insulation and protection for your ears while mowing the lawn. Ear Protection Proper Maintenance Ensuring proper maintenance of your ear protection is crucial for maintaining its effectiveness and protecting your ears while mowing the lawn. By following these simple steps, you can ensure that your ear protection continues to serve its purpose and keep your ears safe: - Regular cleaning: Wipe down your ear protection after each use to remove any dirt, sweat, or debris that may have accumulated. This will prevent bacteria from building up and ensure a comfortable fit for your next use. - Inspection for damage: Regularly inspect your ear protection for any signs of wear and tear, such as cracks, tears, or loose parts. If you notice any damage, it’s important to repair or replace the ear protection to maintain its effectiveness. - Proper storage: Store your ear protection in a clean, dry place away from direct sunlight and extreme temperatures. This will help prevent deterioration and prolong the lifespan of the ear protection. - Replacement when necessary: Over time, ear protection may lose its effectiveness due to wear and tear. It’s important to replace your ear protection as needed to ensure that your ears remain adequately protected while mowing the lawn. Frequently Asked Questions [FAQs] How Does Noise From Lawn Mowing Specifically Affect the Ears Compared to Other Types of Noise? When you mow the lawn, the noise can damage your ears by exposing them to prolonged loud sounds. This can lead to hearing loss, tinnitus, or other ear-related issues over time. Be sure to protect your ears! Are There Any Specific Regulations or Guidelines Regarding Ear Protection for Lawn Mowing in Different Regions or Countries? In different regions and countries, there are specific regulations or guidelines regarding ear protection for lawn mowing. Make sure to check the local laws and recommendations to ensure you’re adequately protecting your hearing. Can Wearing Ear Protection for Lawn Mowing Have Any Long-Term Effects on Hearing or Ear Health? Wearing ear protection for lawn mowing can significantly reduce long-term effects on your hearing and ear health. The loud noise from mowing can cause permanent damage, so it’s important to consistently use proper protection. What Are Some Alternative Methods for Reducing Noise Exposure While Mowing the Lawn, in Addition to Using Ear Protection? To reduce noise exposure while mowing the lawn, try using noise-canceling headphones or choosing a quieter time of day. Also, consider investing in a quieter lawn mower model or adding sound-absorbing materials to your mower. Are There Any Specific Considerations for Children or Pets in Relation to Ear Protection While Lawn Mowing? When mowing the lawn, it’s important to consider ear protection for children and pets. Their ears are more sensitive to loud noises, so make sure to keep them at a safe distance from the mower to prevent any potential harm. In conclusion, ear protection is crucial for lawn mowing to prevent hearing damage. Make sure to choose the right type of ear protection that fits properly and consider factors such as noise reduction rating and comfort. Regular maintenance and care of your ear protection will ensure its effectiveness. Don’t overlook the importance of protecting your ears while mowing the lawn.

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"When you get into the water, you learn to swim." Too much material, too little time. You are running out of time. You don't know how you can cope with the learning material in the remaining time. You have the feeling that you learn incredibly unproductively, which is unfortunately too often reflected in your not-so-good good grades. You know people who are not smarter than you, but get much better grades. Where does that come from? Simple. Because you never learned it: learning to learn . What you need now are brain-friendly instructions for learning. And that's exactly what learning and mnemonics are. They are a powerful tool for efficient and effective learning. Learning techniques, that suit you and that you are confident in, help you to structure the learning process, give you a sense of control and, most importantly sense of control and most importantly, they help you save learning time. To help you get an overview of proven learning and mnemonics, here you will find methods that will help you to make your learning process more effective and less stressful . Pick the learning techniques that suit you and then use them regularly. Guaranteed success with these 7 learning techniques Pomodoro means tomato in English. It is actually an egg clock with the appearance of a tomato, with the help of which you can significantly improve your learning and time management. The flashcard is a classic tool for systematic learning. For this purpose, a keyword (e.g. vocabulary, date, etc.) is written on the front of a card. (e.g. vocabulary, date, etc.) is written on the front of a card and the solution (the fact to be learned) is written on the back. With the help of several subjects it is possible to repeat exactly the facts that have not yet been internalized. There is also flashcard software. #3 Picture System Modern man is unfortunately very "cerebral" and thinks mainly logically and analytically. But each of us has a powerful a powerful memory turbo, which we would only have to switch on and train a little. The memory turbo works with images that are linked with numbers. You will be amazed how easy it is. more #4 The Loci-Method The loci technique (Latin locus = place) is one of the oldest and most proven methods of remembering things in a certain order. The Greeks and Romans used it to memorize important concepts in free speech, which often lasted several hours. of free speech, which often lasted for several hours. However, the loci technique requires ambition and practice. Many memory artists work with this method to memorize a lot of information in a very short time. more #5 The story system Especially children and teenagers learn excellently with the story system. This mnemonics technique is about being creative and inventing memorable stories for the facts that have to be learned by heart. more The concept was developed by the British Tony Buzan. The technique of mind mapping brings rational thinking into the learning process and addresses the creative as well as analytical areas of the brain. of the brain. Roughly speaking, in this technique all thoughts are recorded and visualized with the help of a "mind map". #7 Memory spells Mnemonics are mnemonic devices for easy learning of factual knowledge. Mnemonic phrases are often are often funny or memorable sentences that rhyme. Mnemonic phrases are used when pure factual knowledge must be factual knowledge that is not related to knowledge that is already known. Things, that cannot be related to other things are difficult to memorize. more What are mnemonics Mnemonics are a kind of brain-friendly instruction manual for learning. These techniques help you to store information quickly and permanently in your memory without much effort. The origin of mnemonics is around 500 BC. Greek speechmakers have already used these methods at that time in order not to lose the red thread in free speech. The basis of all mnemonics is association. Associations can be, links between pictures, words, numbers, symbols or places. Most mnemonics are easy to learn and can, if used correctly, increase memory performance many times over. by a multiple. Increase of memory performance The learning techniques presented on this page are all related to the improvement of memorization and Memory Performance. By applying these techniques, the capacity of your memory will be increased and at the same time and at the same time significantly increase learning efficiency. The pages are designed in such a way that you will understand the principle of the presented learning techniques without any previous knowledge. Each learning technique is briefly described, with examples often given for better understanding. A good trick to memorize learning content is also the unusual challenge of explaining what you have learned to another - real or imaginary - person. real or imaginary person. For example, when a law student explains rules of the STVO to a foreign guest rules of the road traffic regulations to a foreign guest, or when a student explains the Pythagorean theorem he has just learned not to his teacher, but once his grandmother explains. Memory tricks were successfully used by the ancient Greeks and Romans to remember the sequence of Topic points with speeches to remember. To the application an elementary principle of the learning research comes: must the brain has to deal with the information presented, then it learns best. Most learning techniques work according to this principle.

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A 48-year-old female with Addison's disease is admitted to the hospital. When assessing the patient, the nurse would expect: • Addison's disease can result in hypoglycemia due to insufficient secretion of cortisol. Cortisol normally increases insulin resistance and gluconeogenesis • Other signs and symptoms of Addison's disease includes hypotension, fatigue, weakness, weight loss, GI disturbances, hyperpigmentation, and menstrual changes • Hirsutism, edema, weight gain, and fragile skin are associated with excessive cortisol secretion (Cushing's syndrome) The nurse is educating a patient recently diagnosed with muscular dystrophy. When explaining the normal course of this disease, the nurse should know that the patient: A patient is admitted to the emergency department with severe frostbite to both feet. Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse expect to see? After surgery on a left femur fracture, the patient is ordered partial weight bearing. Which of the following is correct about partial weight bearing? The nurse is instructing a patient with Cushing's disease. Which of the following statements by the patient indicates an understanding of the management of Cushing's disease? The nurse is caring for a patient with a small bowel obstruction. When planning the patient's care, the nurse should consider the immediate goal to be: A 53-year-old male patient is scheduled to undergo an endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). The nurse performs an assessment on the patient prior to the procedure. Which of the following health background information from the patient should alert the nurse? The nurse is assessing a patient with chronic renal failure (CRF). Which assessment finding would the nurse look for? A man is admitted to the hospital for possible urethritis. The nurse assesses the patient closely for what common signs and symptoms? The nurse is providing instructions to a patient with a gastric ulcer. The patient is being treated with A patient with a recent head injury is in a coma. The patient had already identified his wife as A patient at risk for colorectal cancer is receiving education about lifestyle choices. The nurse should emphasize which of the following modifiable risk factors A client with an elevated temperature, fatigue, and labored breathing is admitted with a diagnosis of pneumonia. Which of the following nursing interventions should be started to assist with airway clearance? The nurse is caring for a patient with a paralytic ileus. While assessing the patient, the nurse would expect bowel sounds to be: The nurse is preparing to administer human immune globulin to a patient. The nurse explains to the patient that these types of vaccines: A nurse is preparing a patient for an electroencephalogram (EEG) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This patient has poor impulse control and episodic aggression. What is the nurse's responsibility? The nurse discovers an unconscious patient and suspects a spinal cord injury. After calling for help and delivering chest compressions, a second nurse arrives and she immediately: A patient admitted for a head injury develops dry skin and a urine output of 400 ml/hr. Prioritize the nurse's next actions: 1. Notify the physician. 2. Complete a neuro assessment. 3. Assess the patient's urine specific gravity and blood sodium levels. 4. Start IV fluids and administer desmopressin (DDAVP).

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Born in Northumberland in 634, St. Wilfrid was educated at Lindesfarne and then spent some time in Lyons and Rome. Returning to England, he was elected abbot of Ripon in 658 and introduced the Roman rules and practices in opposition to the celtic ways of northern England. In 664, he was the architect of the definitive victory of the Roman party at the Conference of Whitby. He was appointed Bishop of York and after some difficulty finally took possession of his See in 669. He labored zealously … Excellent content provided by https://www.catholic.org/.

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Professor David Sedlak says our urban water infrastructure needs a major upgrade to keep our cities thriving well into the future By Anne Brice June 22, 2017 Although hydrologists say California has emerged from its most recent drought, how cities get their water is weighing on the state’s experts — now more than ever. David Sedlak, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at UC Berkeley, says our urban water infrastructure, mostly built after World War II as California underwent massive development, needs a major upgrade in order to keep our cities thriving well into the future. David Sedlak is a professor of civil and environmental engineering. (UC Berkeley photo by Elena Zhukova) “When you think about how we use water in the West, our cities are the lifeblood of our economy,” he says. Sedlak — also the deputy director of Reinventing the Nation’s Urban Water Infrastructure (ReNUWIt), an National Science Foundation-funded engineering research center, and co-director of the Berkeley Water Center — has been working with scientists across the country to find new ways to make our water systems more sustainable. He is the author of Water 4.0: The Past, Present, and Future of the World’s Most Vital Resource. Berkeley News spoke with Sedlak about new technologies being developed to recycle water, capture storm water and use water more efficiently, and how each of us can help in the effort. Berkeley News: What is the current state of our urban water infrastructure in the U.S.? David Sedlak: Our water systems bring water into our cities from great distances, and that means we need lots of infrastructure — dams, reservoirs, treatment plants and pipes. Over time, those systems need to be replaced, and we haven’t been spending enough money replacing them. We’re talking about systems that are typically 60 to 80 years old. We’re faced with a challenge now: We can either replace the systems with what was there before, or take advantage of advances in technology to create water infrastructure that will be more sustainable, resilient and cost-effective. What sort of technologies are being developed? In California, we’re starting to recycle our wastewater effluent — the stuff we flush down the sewer, that comes out of our washing machines and goes down the shower drain. We can take the water that comes from a sewage treatment plant, and instead of discharging it into our rivers, bays and the ocean, we can put it through an advanced treatment plant that uses reverse osmosis and ultraviolet light, coupled with hydrogen peroxide, to break down any chemicals or pathogens that got through the previous steps of the treatment process. We can turn what used to be useless wastewater into a new drinking water supply. That means we’re taking less water out of the environment and leaving more water for fish and other ecosystem functions. This process is called potable water reuse. Blue Plains Advanced Wastewater Treatment Plant is operated by DC Water in Washington, D.C. It’s the largest treatment plant in the world, able to treat 384 million gallons of sewage a day. (Chesapeake Bay Program photo by Alicia Pimental via Flickr) Are these water recycling systems already being used in the state? There are several of these advanced treatment plants in California. The oldest and best-known project is located in Orange County. There are several more in the Inland Empire region of Southern California. San Diego has yet to build one, but they’re well on their way. The Bay Area’s big players in potable water recycling are the Santa Clara Water District and the South Bay. They’re assessing the feasibility of water recycling. It’s likely they’ll have a potable recycling project up and running in the coming decade. What is the public’s reaction to these advanced treatment systems? Sometimes when you talk to people, they say, “Well, I don’t want to drink my sewage — that water was in the toilet, that water was in the washing machine. It’s not something I want to drink.” It’s often referred to as the “yuck factor.” But when the water goes into the environment, that connection between waste and water supply is broken. Managed natural systems, such as constructed wetlands or reservoirs, can break the connection and make the idea of recycling wastewater more palatable. Can you describe these wetlands, and their benefits? Wetlands are used as a low-cost way to purify wastewater. The first generation of treatment wetlands were just these places that would form wherever the treated wastewater was released back into the environment. And if that wastewater wasn’t entirely clean, the plants and the microbes in the wetland would help clean it up by removing any nutrients that were left over, or metals or trace organic chemicals. But as people have started to pay more attention to these wetlands, they’ve come to recognize that they can be designed or engineered to improve their performance and make the water even cleaner. Prado Wetlands in Riverside County is a constructed system used to purify wastewater. (Photo courtesy of David Sedlak) Where in the state can you find these constructed wetlands? The constructed wetlands that we’ve spent the most time studying is a system in Riverside County on the Santa Ana River called the Prado Wetlands. That system is used to purify the water, in particular to remove nutrients or chemicals or bacteria and viruses that remain in the water after going through the conventional treatment process. Microbes that live attached to the plants or in the sediments break many of them down and turn them into carbon dioxide and water. In many cases, sunlight that shines on the water breaks them down. There are other treatment wetlands that have been built around California, but most of them are considerably smaller. We’re currently in the process of conducting experiments in support of several different types of wetland treatment systems that are being considered in the Bay Area. What types of contaminants are found in water after being conventionally treated? All wastewater in California goes through the conventional sewage treatment process, which looks, for all intents and purposes, relatively clean. But it’s not safe enough to drink and, in many cases, it could damage the environment if it is not diluted by water from cleaner sources. I think the key question is, “Are the concentrations of any of the of these contaminants high enough to cause problems?” When it comes to the environment, the first big surprise came about 20 years ago when researchers found that very small amounts of ethinyl estradiol — the active ingredient in the birth control pill — were present in wastewater in concentrations that were high enough to affect fish. In this case, the concentrations were about a part per trillion, which is an incredibly tiny amount, but it happens that certain fish are very sensitive to these hormones because they play a role in their metabolism and development. These tiny amounts were enough to change the phenotypes of the fish, causing the male fish to exhibit female characteristics. And that really affects their ability to reproduce. It can cause a population to crash. There are other chemicals in wastewater that might affect other aquatic organisms. It’s a little less clear whether or not there’s an effect because there’s so much going on when you look at animals in the wild. There’s evidence that some of the drugs that are used in human therapy can be accumulated in fish. There are laboratory studies that show they can affect the behavior or metabolism of the organisms. Will climate change affect the country’s water supply? Yes. Here in California, by the end of the 21st century, we are going to have a lot less snow in the mountains. Our snowpack holds about 30 percent of the water that we use over an annual cycle. Many cities in the West rely upon snow to store the water. And as it gets warmer, the snow is not going to be there. So we’ll have to adjust our system to losing this important form of water storage. Snowpack in the Sierra Nevada provides a natural form of water storage. (Photo by Don Graham via Flickr) Another thing is the types of droughts that we’ve just experienced here in California may become more frequent. If that’s the case, we’re going to have to find ways to supplement the reservoirs that will go dry. We might have to find ways to use groundwater more efficiently. Or store more water to ride out the kinds of droughts we’ve just experienced. It’s been said that Americans don’t plan ahead for eventual calamities, like the big earthquake expected to strike the Bay Area. Is this true for the drought? Well, I think the difference between a drought and an earthquake is that a drought is a slow-moving phenomenon. We’ve just come through a drought that lasted seven or eight years and you can see that we were just starting to get focused on what to do about it. On the bright side, a drought is something that slowly ratchets up and as people become more and more aware of it, they are able to spend more time and effort trying to address it. But the problem is the kinds of solutions that are needed to deal with the drought often require a long time to build, so it’s hard to build a new water supply over night. It’s something that takes decades. If you’re forced to do it in short amount of time, it’s going to be a lot more expensive and it might not be what you need in the long term. What I’m happy to see is the state of California is using the drought as a reason to think about the future. So what we keep hearing from the governor’s office is that the drought may have ended, but that doesn’t mean the crisis is gone. Maybe the drought was fortuitous. Maybe it was something that helped people focus on the longer-term investments that are needed to get through the century. What can we do as individuals? I think we can all do a lot as individuals here. For most of us in California, the majority of our water use happens outdoors. One of the biggest choices we make is how we landscape our land. So, if you’re a homeowner and you have property, you can make a tremendous difference by switching from a lawn or water-consuming plants to plants that don’t require as much water. But even people who live in apartments or live in dense cities can make a difference. There are all kinds of plumbing fixtures available on the market now and we can change our habits to save water. It’s a gradual process, and we’re slowly changing our ways. Sedlak says homeowners can help conserve water by landscaping their yard with drought-resistant plants. (Photo courtesy of Steve and Michelle Gerdes via Flickr) What sort of water-conserving devices are on the market on the horizon? You can buy a recirculating shower where first you wash yourself, then you push a button and that relatively clean water that you’re showering in can be recirculated back around, maybe heated up a little bit, and then you can take a shower as long as you want without feeling super guilty about draining the reservoir. But very few people currently own them in California. You can also buy a vacuum toilet — the kind of toilet that they use on airplanes — but most people are not interested. They think it’s too complicated or they don’t see a potential benefit to them. We’ll see. Maybe some of the early adopters who want to show off how green they are to their friends will adopt these coming technologies and help pioneer a new industry. The Trump administration is pulling the U.S. out of the Paris climate agreement. Do you think that’s going to stall progress in reinventing our urban water infrastructure? California seems to be going its own way with respect to the environment. I can’t imagine how we are going to stop making progress with or without the support of Washington. I am more concerned about other parts of the country. It’s kind of surprising to many people to learn that Florida, Virginia and Georgia are worried about water shortages. It’s tough to bring along the public and the elected officials when they keep hearing there’s no such thing as climate change or that our infrastructure doesn’t need more investment. So there are reasons for concern on the national level when we turn our backs on potential water shortages in the future or dismiss climate change or investments in infrastructure because they’re not on the front of everyone’s mind. That’s the kind of thing that concerns me.

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://news.berkeley.edu/2017/06/22/reinventing-urban-water-infrastructure-david-sedlak/

2024-12-08T01:13:11Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-51/segments/1733066433271.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20241207224914-20241208014914-00745.warc.gz

en

Searching for Cosmic Dawn: New study redraws our map to find the first stars in the Universe - Victoria, British Columbia A Canadian-led team has upended our notions of what some of the very first stars in the Universe looked like, and how we'll find them using the next generation of great space observatories Scientists are on the hunt to find the first stars ever formed in our Universe, but how do they know what signs to look for? A new paper published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters provides startling new evidence that some of the first stars may have been far more massive and unusual than ever thought possible. This new knowledge acts as signposts on our roadmap to find the earliest stars in the Universe, showing us where to look and how to identify them by their colours, using the recently launched James Webb Space Telescope. The Canadian-led paper builds on cutting-edge computer simulations of what the earliest star nurseries might have looked like. Using Blue Waters (one of the most powerful supercomputers in the world, dedicated to science and engineering research), researchers studied a "model Universe" drawn from a specialized dataset called the Renaissance suite. Zooming in on some of the most chaotic, dense environments in this model of the early Universe, the international collaboration found primordial gas clouds in a pressure cooker. The primordial clouds could be heated to temperatures almost 100 times greater than typical in the early Universe, just from the process of merging with neighbouring gas clouds and from the light emitted by adjacent gas clouds or "halos." While stars continued to form, the heating delayed their "birth," meaning that extraordinarily massive stars, upwards of thousands of times more massive than our own Sun, were able to form. "It turns out that the temperature of the surrounding gas in which stars form is the dial that sets the scale for how quickly stars can grow, and how massive they can ultimately become. What we see in these unique environments is the perfect nursery for raising extremely luminous, massive stars. And perhaps most significantly, this finding has resurrected hopes that at least some of the first clusters of stars will be bright enough to be detected by the next generation of telescopes." New colour-coding for our roadmap to the early Universe What really came as a surprise was what these first stars looked like. It has long been held on simple theoretical grounds that the first stars, though never before seen, would be very blue. In the new results, however, Dr. Woods and his team showed that many of these stars grew so rapidly, their appearances became fundamentally changed. "As gas piles onto these forming stars, it brings in heat along with it. What we found is that many of these first stars are growing much, much faster than that heat can radiate away, so they puff up, becoming very red and bloated," Dr. Woods explains. This behaviour is unlike anything else in the early Universe, providing a unique tell-tale signature of their colour that astronomers can use as a signal pointing to where the first stars are forming within the sensitive images to come." Finding the first stars in the Universe using the next generation of great space observatories These predictions come at a critical time because astronomers have made finding the first stars a top priority for the next decade. The first stars are the key to unlocking the mysteries underlying everything from the nature of the first black holes, to the formation of galaxies, and to the origin of the elements in the Periodic Table. Since light travels at a fixed speed, looking farther away we see the Universe earlier in its history. With this in mind, the next great observatories are all aiming to look deeper into the faint and distant early Universe than ever before. Such observations are indeed a key goal of the James Webb Space Telescope (Webb), the much-anticipated successor to the Hubble Space Telescope. "The James Webb Space Telescope will look at several patches of sky for days at a time, to detect and identify the most distant stars and galaxies. Two planned surveys in particular will be essential in this search: one, the JADES survey (James Webb Space Telescope Advanced Deep Extragalactic Survey) will look at 2 previously well-studied fields in the largest program performed in the first year of Webb's operations, while the CANUCS survey (Canadian NIRISS Unbiased Cluster Survey) will harness magnification by foreground galaxy clusters to amplify the light from extremely faint distant stars and galaxies. These new predictions will guide those teams to be on the lookout for first stars that may be very red and not just blue, as previously expected." Now armed with the means to spot these first, enormous stars in the early Universe, astronomers will soon unlock the mysteries of their origin, and determine their profound impact on the subsequent evolution of the Cosmos.

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://nrc.canada.ca/en/stories/searching-cosmic-dawn-new-study-redraws-our-map-find-first-stars-universe

2024-12-07T23:10:00Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-51/segments/1733066433271.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20241207224914-20241208014914-00745.warc.gz

en

A position paper “There is both a moral and social responsibility attaching to these experiences of foreign cultures, and if nothing awakens in our own soul, making claims and demands upon us, calling us to change the way we live, then we have been merely parasites and invaders.” (Tacey, D. 2000, “Re-Enchantment: The New Australian Spirituality”, p. 183) While Exposure-Immersion experiences can be a useful method of formation of both young and old people, it is unethical to use them for this purpose if the effects on the host community are negative. There are alternative formation techniques available to the Australian church and if the rights of the host community are neglected, it would be better to opt for locally-run formation activities. The novelty and potential to attract more participants should not be enough to justify an overseas exposure tour. The program must have merit of itself or the participants attracted will simply be using the immersion as a guided tour. The experience must also be relevant to the context and not simply a “youth camp in a poor country”. Negative experiences for the host community can range from inconvenience or cost, including staff-time, to damaging the integrity of the group through insulting, patronising and neo-colonial behaviours. These can be avoided by the full participation of the community in the planning of the activities, proper cross-cultural preparation and support of those immersed and a process informed by best practice in international development. - Full participation of the requesting community The community must participate in deciding the programs available and the sorts of participants they would benefit from meeting. For example, sometimes a group of 16-year-old boys would be the best group to send, sometimes the worst. The community should indicate which times least interrupt their own activities and, in consultation with immersion organisers, decide what activities would be appropriate for participants. The program should not be tacked on to the community’s activities or the experience will suffer and it will more likely be an inconvenience. Some communities exist which have the structures and systems in place to cater for the visitors and could offer a mutually beneficial program. The community should be able to request its full costs covered by participation fees. - Cross-cultural preparation and support The importance of cross-cultural preparation must not be underestimated. It heightens the experience for the visitor by providing a better understanding of the reasons for cultural differences. It reduces the likelihood of simplistic generalisations, unfairly insulting or romanticising the host culture as lazy, greedy, dirty or noble, peaceful, simple, etc. and therefore provides the sort of guests the hosts deserve. It results in an informed questioning of the visitor’s own culture and can result in improved engagement in challenging the injustices and prejudices which exist at home. It promotes mutually enriching and challenging relationships of acceptance, understanding and care, to the point of sharing worlds of meaning in the deepest sense, with people of a culture different from one’s own. - An understanding of sustainable development Though short-term exposure tours are not development activities, an understanding of development theory and practice is important. Participants must be given the understanding necessary to avoid the mistakes of the past, including simplistic evaluations about what would “help these people”. The importance of community-driven, culturallyappropriate development must be emphasised. Any work-like activity which is undertaken must be understood to be an opportunity to participate in the hosts’ lives, not the way in which “we” helped “them”. Participants must understand the potential damage by wantonly distributing gifts, particularly in terms of reinforcing colonial notions of “charity” and reducing the opportunity for genuine relationship, both for this generation and future generations.

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://palms.org.au/2010/09/28/exposure-immersion-experiences/

2024-12-08T00:28:53Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-51/segments/1733066433271.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20241207224914-20241208014914-00745.warc.gz

en

First Year student Ethan Halpern’s project “We The People”, which began as an assignment in his Integrative Studio 1 course has been featured on the New York and Los Angeles based fashion, music, photography and film blog Milk.xyz. The original course assignment asked students to explore and create a project using multiple form. In response, Halpern created the project “to start a conversation about equality in our country. “We The People” is the first three words of the Constitution, the document that sets our fundamental principles and how we are governed. Today, our country is the most divided in recent memory and will likely continue to be unless we come together and realize what we need to do to be one.” The project began with Halpern creating t-shirts with the phrase “We The People” (extracted from the beginning of the United States Constitution). The shirts were then distributed to people of all different sexualities, genders, races. Individuals were photographed wearing the shirts and asked to “talk about what the phrase “We The People” means to them” along with “how they’ve been affected by governmental policy, and why inclusion is so important”. Read participants responses and the entire feature here.

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://parsons.edu/undergrad/first-year-student-ethan-halpern-on-milk-xyz/

2024-12-07T23:15:46Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-51/segments/1733066433271.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20241207224914-20241208014914-00745.warc.gz

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Apollo 11 Moon Walk I don't think it will make much difference for the conspiracy theorists. FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE CLEVELAND, Ohio, July 14 -- The Apollo program has been described at various times by astronauts, engineers, space agency officials and newspaper editorials as a magnificent "team effort." Indeed, the team which is accomplishing this complex program to explore the Moon comprises hundreds of thousands of government and contractor employees throughout the nation. One member of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration team, the Lewis Research Center, provided important early research as well as subsequent direct technical support to the Apollo program. The Center's contributions included: * Pioneer research in rocket tests with liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen systems; * Engineering studies of tanks, lines, and liquefiers for liquid hydrogen; * Wind tunnel tests of Saturn vehicles and of the Launch Escape Subsystem; * Studies in the Zero Gravity Research Facility for settling propellants in fuel tanks; * Technical consultation and advice in such areas as safety, fuel cell performance, rocket engine combustion, propellant pump design and thrust chamber fabrication. Among the shapers of history in the early years of the space program was Lewis' present Director, Dr. Abe Silverstein. In 1958, when he was Associate Director of Lewis, Dr. Silverstein was called to Washington to help organize NASA, which was, as the Successor of National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), to be the nation's civilian agency for meeting the challenge of space. Within the new agency, Dr. Silverstein was appointed the Headquarters Director of Space Flight Programs with responsibility for developing and initiating all space missions. Many of those missions are going on today, others such as Ranger and Mercury have ended. Among the many missions conceived at that time was a manned journey to the Moon and back. Dr. Silverstein himself named it "Apollo" after one of the most versatile of the Greek gods. Dr. Silverstein recalls he chose the name after perusing a book of mythology at home one evening, early in 1960. He thought that the image of "Apollo riding his chariot across the Sun was appropriate to the grand scale of the proposed program." When did the program originate? The idea of a lunar mission was first officially introduced at a meeting of NASA program planners in Nov. 1959 at Wallops Island, Va. However between that time and President John F. Kennedy's historic space commitment of 1961, much of the basic mission remained to be worked out. During this time Dr. Silverstein chaired the committee that determined the characteristics of the Saturn family of launch vehicles, including the use of liquid hydrogen-oxygen propellants. Long before Apollo was ever planned or named, the Lewis Research Center in Cleveland was advancing the propulsion technology which would help make the mission possible. As early as the latter part of the 1940's, Lewis had begun research on high energy liquid and solid propellants under the direction of Dr. Walter T. Olson, now an Assistant Director of Lewis, and by 1952 this work included studies of liquid hydrogen-liquid oxygen. Initial Lewis investigations used very small thrust chambers in the range 100 to 1000 lbs. thrust. Over the course of the next decade, rocket engineers and scientists experimented with a variety of thrust chamber designs to achieve high combustion efficiency and smooth burning; and they measured heat transfer rates within the thrust chamber and demonstrated how to cool the chamber and nozzle with liquid hydrogen. Since hydrogen, the lightest of the elements, in its liquid state boils at -423 deg F, and the oxidizer, liquid oxygen, is stored at -29 deg F, another major concern was how to handle the cryogenic propellants themselves. By 1958, as the United States entered the space business the Lewis Research Center had tested a fully cooled, liquid hydrogen-liquid oxygen thrust chamber at the, then large scale of 20,000 lbs. thrust. The experience Lewis propulsion experts gained in the field of high energy propellants later led to the development of the 15,000 lb. liquid hydrogen-liquid oxygen engine designated RL-10. Two of these engines power the upper stage of the Atlas-Centaur launch vehicle that has been under Lewis management since 1962. (Atlas-Centaur launched the Surveyor spacecraft that landed on the moon, and the Mariner space craft that will fly by Mars on July 31 and Aug. 5. Much of the same technology developed by Lewis for Centaur was particularly applicable to the J-2 liquid hydrogen-oxygen engines of the Saturn second stage (S-II). Consequently, a number of Lewis staff members -- men by then well experienced in high energy propulsion systems -- were called upon by NASA Headquarters to serve on the technical assessment teams which recommended the contractor to build the F-l and J-2 engines. Dr. Silverstein chaired the Source Board which made the final selection of the F-l contractor. Work began on the F-l engine, the nation's largest, in 1958 and on the J-2 in 1960. During the course of development of these engines, Lewis continued its technical support in the form of consultation with NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, Ala. Melvin Hartmann and Ambrose Ginsburg, Lewis fluid systems engineers, served on a Marshall committee to review problems being experienced by the F-l turbopump. These and other specialists served as consultants on a J-2 review committee. Among the topics discussed and of particular interest to the Lewis men was the inducer, that component which draws the boiling cold hydrogen into the pumps. Previous research conducted on this component at Lewis' Plum Brook Station near Sandusky, O., helped verify data of the Marshall Center that showed the inducers would permit a desired low pressure in the fuel tank. Lewis also assisted a Marshall task group in achieving combustion stability in the F-l engine. Dr. Richard Priem, experienced in advanced rocket combustion, was one of this group studying the "rocket screaming", a phenomenon caused by strong resonant pressure waves and which can destroy a rocket engine in seconds. One other area of consultation with Marshall during the F-1 develop- ment was on fabrication of the thrust chamber. Walter Russell, a fabrication specialist served on the committee to review the materials and processes for the fabrication of the furnace-brazed thrust chamber and its jacket. Staff members also lent their technical knowledge to other areas of the Apollo propulsion systems. Early studies were conducted at Lewis on the type of storable propellants to be carried on the upper stage of the Saturn V vehicle and on the spacecraft. The Center's unique Zero-Gravity Facility was called upon to do two jobs for the Apollo program. In mid-1960, engineers used this facility to help solve the problem of problem of re- starting the Service Module's propulsion system in space. Using surface tension phenomena observed during these studies, Lewis engineers assisted in designing a retainer for the propellant in the fuel tank. This retainer would keep enough propellant at the bottom of the tank to ensure that propellant would enter the pump and re-start the engine. The Zero-Gravity Facility was used to help solve a similar problem in the S-IVB third stage of the Saturn V for the Marshall Center. In flight when the S-IVB engine shuts down, auxiliary hydrogen-peroxide thrusters are turned on to settle the sloshing propellants. During the coast phase the propellants are maintained in the bottom of the fuel tank by the thrust obtained when boiled off hydrogen gas is ducted through a small thruster system. Studies in the Zero- G Facility were able to determine the proper size of these various thrusters. One of the astronaut's concerns about how weightlessness in space might affect fuel cell performance drew helpful information from Lewis too. Fuel cells are carried aboard the Service Module to provide electric power to spacecraft systems. Consequently, Lewis researchers investigated this area and made known to the Manned Spacecraft Center that the condenser of the fuel cell did not depend on gravity to operate properly. Lewis also was asked by MSC to determine the heat transfer characteristics of the condenser; this information was used in a computer simulation of the spacecraft's electrical power subsystem. During 1967 Lewis engineers were consulting on the overall combustion and system stability of the Lunar module ascent engine, the critical propulsion system for the Ascent Stage which returns the astronauts from the moon to lunar orbit. John Wanhainen, a chemical rocket expert, was part of a task group to overcome the high frequency combustion instability noted in the engine. Two other engineers, Robert Dorsch and Leon Wenzel, ran analog computer analyses of low frequency combustion instability characteristics. The Center's 8 x 6-foot transonic and 10 x 10-foot supersonic wind tunnels were used in extensive tests on models of Saturn booster stages. The first such tests were made in the late 1950's when engineers studied base flow and heating tests on the SIB booster, the eight-engine first stage of the Saturn I. The 1/45th scale model had real, working rocket engines of 250 lbs. thrust each. Data were taken over a range of speeds from takeoff to Mach 3.5 and of altitudes from sea level to 150,000 feet. This simulation of actual flight conditions provided valuable information on the pressure and heat loads experienced on the base and engines' compartment of the SI vehicle. By varying the size and location of flow deflectors and shroud air scoops-- devices to channel the air to best advantage--engineers were able to minimize the pressure and heating loads. Another study on the SI helped optimize vehicle flight stability and air pressure distribution. In the 1964-1966 period base flow and heating also were studied in both wind tunnels for the SI C first stage of the Saturn V. Also, the force required to move the engine nozzles for directional control had to be measured. These measurements helped determine the size of the actuators required to gimbal the engines. In all manned missions, safety of the public, the astronauts, and the operating crew, is a major concern to the NASA. In case a mission must be terminated early, one of the first options the astronauts have is to employ the Launch Escape Vehicle and Tower which stands atop the Command Module. This escape system propels the Command Module out and away from the Saturn V. During 1964 tests were made on the system in the Lewis Research Center's 8 x 6 tunnel at the request of the Manned Spacecraft Center. In the tunnel, a model of the escape system attached to the Command Module was released at various angles to determine its stability under simulated flight conditions. Safety was the subject that brought I. Irving Pinkel, now Lewis' Assistant Director for Aerospace Safety, to serve as a consultant to the Apollo 204 Review Board. In that capacity and as a member of the team which investigated the causes of the spacecraft fire which took the lives of three astronauts early in 1967, Pinkel helped to recommend changes in the capsule to prevent a future tragedy. Through extensive consulting on fracture mechanics, Lewis professionals have assisted in improving both the more than 140 pressure vessels of the Saturn V, and the SII fuel tank. Particular contributions by Lewis materials scientists to the construction of pressure vessels included improved test methods, and methods of design and analyses used on new concepts in fracture mechanics technology. Other materials scientists and engineers provided fracture research data on the critical weldments of the SII fuel and on the tank material itself; they also recommended cryogenic proof tests, and suggested flight conditions to reduce wind loads on the vehicle. Thus, Lewis scientists and engineers, like thousands of others who have served the Apollo team, have their hopes riding high with Apollo 11. Date Released: Monday, July 13, 2009 WASHINGTON -- NASA will hold a media briefing at 11 a.m. EDT on Thursday, July 16, at the Newseum in Washington to release greatly improved video imagery from the July 1969 live broadcast of the Apollo 11 moonwalk. The release will feature 15 key moments from Neil Armstrong's and Buzz Aldrin's historic moonwalk using what is believed to be the best available broadcast-format copies of the lunar excursion, some of which had been locked away for nearly 40 years. The initial video released Thursday is part of a comprehensive Apollo 11 moonwalk restoration project expected to be completed by the fall. The Newseum is located at 555 Pennsylvania Ave. N.W. The news conference will be broadcast live on NASA Television and streamed on the agency's Internet homepage. Participants in the briefing will be: -- Richard Nafzger, team lead and Goddard engineer -- Stan Lebar, former Westinghouse Electric program manager -- Mike Inchalik, president of Lowry Digital, Burbank, Calif. For NASA TV downlink information, schedule information and streaming video, visit: http://www.nasa.gov/ntv The Newseum is a 250,000-square-foot museum of news. The exterior's unique architectural features include a 74-foot-high marble engraving of the First Amendment and an immense front wall of glass through which passers-by can watch the museum fulfilling its mission of providing a forum where the media and the public can gain a better understanding of each other. More information about the Newseum is available online at: http://www.newseum.org

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://philosophyofscienceportal.blogspot.com/2009/07/apollo-11-moonwalkenhanced-film.html

2024-12-07T23:59:57Z

s3://commoncrawl/crawl-data/CC-MAIN-2024-51/segments/1733066433271.86/warc/CC-MAIN-20241207224914-20241208014914-00745.warc.gz

en

Gaming communities have become an integral part of the video game industry, influencing the way games are developed, played, and perceived. These communities, whether online or offline, bring together passionate individuals who share a love for gaming. Rise of Gaming Communities Gaming communities have existed since the early days of video games, but they have evolved significantly over the years. Let’s take a look at how these communities have grown and changed. From Arcades to Online Forums - In the early days of gaming, communities formed around arcade machines, where players would gather to compete and socialize. - As gaming moved into homes with consoles and PCs, communities shifted to online forums and message boards, where players could connect and discuss their favorite games. Advent of Social Media - The rise of social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and Reddit has made it easier than ever for gamers to connect and form communities. - These platforms allow gamers to share content, discuss games, and organize events, creating a more interconnected gaming community. Growth of Streaming and Esports - The popularity of video game streaming on platforms like Twitch and YouTube has created new opportunities for gamers to build communities around their favorite games and streamers. - Esports, or competitive video gaming, has also grown significantly in recent years, with professional teams and tournaments drawing in millions of viewers and fostering dedicated fan communities. Tip: To build a strong gaming community, focus on creating a welcoming and inclusive environment where all members feel valued and respected. Impact of Gaming Communities on Game Development Gaming communities can significantly impact game development and updates. Here are some of the ways that communities influence game development. Feedback and Bug Reporting - Gaming communities provide valuable feedback to developers, helping them identify bugs, glitches, and balance issues. - Many developers actively engage with their communities, using forums and social media to gather feedback and ideas for future updates and improvements. Example: The developers of the game “Warframe” are known for their active engagement with their community, regularly incorporating player feedback into updates and new features. Modding and User-Generated Content - Some gaming communities create mods or modifications for their favorite games, adding new content, features, or gameplay mechanics. - Developers sometimes and support these modding communities, recognizing the value they bring to the game and its players. Tip: If you’re a game developer, consider providing tools and resources to support modding and user-generated content, as it can help foster a more engaged and invested community. Influencing Game Design and Features - Gaming communities can also influence the direction of a game’s development, providing input on new features, content, or gameplay mechanics. - Developers may use polls, surveys, or community forums to gather feedback and ideas from players, helping to shape the future of the game. Example: The developers of the game “Minecraft” have a dedicated feedback website where players can suggest new features and vote on which ones they would like to see implemented in future updates. Role of Gaming Communities in Shaping Gaming Culture Gaming communities also play a significant role in shaping the broader culture of gaming. Here are some of the ways that communities influence gaming culture. Creating a Sense of Belonging and Identity - Gaming communities provide players with a sense of belonging and identity, allowing them to connect with others who share their interests and passions. - These communities can foster friendships, rivalries, and even romantic relationships, creating a deep sense of connection and camaraderie among players. Tip: To create a strong sense of community identity, consider designing logos, slogans, or other branding elements that members can rally around and identify with. Driving Trends and Popularity - Gaming communities can also drive trends and popularity within the gaming industry, helping to determine which games become hits and which ones fade into obscurity. - When a game develops a dedicated and passionate community, it can generate buzz and attract new players, leading to increased sales and longevity for the game. Example: The game “Among Us” surged in popularity in 2020, thanks in large part to its dedicated community of players and streamers who helped spread the word about it. Promoting and Inclusivity - Gaming communities can also play a role in promoting inclusivity within the gaming industry, advocating for greater representation and accessibility in games. - Many communities have formed around specific identities, such as LGBTQ+ gamers or gamers with disabilities, creating safe and welcoming spaces for these players. Tip: To promote inclusivity in your gaming community, consider partnering with organizations that advocate for underrepresented groups in gaming and make a commitment to creating a safe and welcoming environment for all players. Influencing the Broader Cultural Conversation - Gaming communities can also influence the broader cultural conversation around games and gaming culture, shaping public perceptions and attitudes toward the industry. - When gaming communities mobilize around issues like representation, accessibility, or toxicity, they can help to drive positive change and hold the industry accountable. Example: In 2020, the gaming community rallied around the #GameDevPaidMe hashtag, which raised awareness of pay disparities and workplace issues within the gaming industry, leading to increased scrutiny and calls for change. Building and Maintaining a Strong Gaming Community If you’re a game developer or community manager looking to build and maintain a strong gaming community, here are some tips to keep in mind: - Be transparent and communicative: Keep your community informed about updates, changes, and issues, and be open to feedback and ideas. - Foster a positive and inclusive environment: Create clear guidelines for behavior and enforce them consistently to ensure that all members feel safe and respected. - Engage with your community regularly: Participate in discussions, host events, and Q&A sessions, and show your community that you value their input and contributions. - Provide opportunities for community-led initiatives: Encourage your community to create content, host events, or contribute to the game in other ways, and provide support and resources to help them succeed. - Celebrate your community’s achievements: Recognize and reward your community’s accomplishments, whether it’s reaching a milestone, creating great content, or simply being awesome. Future of Gaming Communities As the gaming industry continues to grow, gaming communities will, too. Here are some trends and predictions for their future. Continued Growth of Esports - Esports is expected to continue its rapid growth in the coming years, with more players, teams, and tournaments than ever before. - This growth will create new opportunities for gaming communities to form around specific games, teams, and players, driving engagement and investment in the industry. Rise of Virtual and Augmented Reality - As virtual and augmented reality technologies become more advanced and accessible, gaming communities will likely shift to these new platforms. - VR and AR games will create new opportunities for immersive and interactive gaming experiences, fostering new types of communities and social connections. Importance of Accessibility and Inclusivity - As gaming communities become more and inclusive, there will be a greater focus on accessibility and representation in games. - Developers will need to prioritize creating games that are accessible to players with disabilities and feature inclusive characters and storylines. Tip: To stay ahead of the curve, game developers should prioritize accessibility and inclusivity in their games and actively seek out and engage with gaming communities. Gaming communities are a vital part of the gaming ecosystem, shaping the way games are developed, played, and perceived. From providing feedback and driving trends to promoting and influencing the broader cultural conversation, these communities have a significant impact on the industry as a whole. As a game developer or community manager, building and maintaining a strong gaming community should be a top priority. By fostering a positive and inclusive environment, engaging with your community regularly, and providing opportunities for community-led initiatives, you can create a thriving and dedicated community that will support your game for years to come. Looking to the future, gaming communities will continue to evolve and grow, driven by new technologies, platforms, and trends. By staying attuned to these changes and prioritizing accessibility and inclusivity, game developers can create games that resonate with players and foster strong, vibrant communities.

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Time to play…No Way! This classroom game, a central feature of all our modules, offers a fun way for students to develop the critical thinking and science literacy skills emphasized in the Next Generation Science Standards—skills they’ll need in order to become critical consumers of scientific information and reporting. Moving away from the fantasy worlds of the video games, No Way! draws students into a compelling real-life scenario in which they are editorial interns at a science-themed website—NoWay!com. The site publishes amazing-but-true stories about incredible natural phenomena, weird inventions, and sensational events. As part of the editorial team, students must investigate claims in articles being considered for publication on the site. The articles connect to the module’s content and focus on the misconception addressed in the video game. Playing No Way! gives students a chance to practice crucial argumentation skills while also deepening their understanding of the module’s topic. The articles that students evaluate were written specifically for No Way! Each contains several claims that have to be checked. The rule is that finding counterevidence for any claim means the story can’t be posted. Playing No Way! involves (a) looking for information relevant to a claim by referring to a set of reliable resources we provide, and (b) determining whether it constitutes evidence for or against the claim. While students will find evidence to corroborate most claims, the game keeps them focused on the search for counterevidence that invalidates a claim. No Way! takes 2–3 periods to complete, and each session ends with students sharing what they’ve discovered and voting on whether a particular story should be published.

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Learn How to Pronounce eliminate Not sure how to say a word? Try the Promova pronunciation tool for free and learn how to pronounce anything in English correctly. Discover over 100,000 words and easily learn English pronunciation online! Find your word: Find how to pronounce a word and practice it in our free word pronouncer for English learners! How to pronounce: Hygienic disposal of waste would be sufficient to eliminate the disease. This removal would also eliminate a considerable quantity of maladroit writing. In theory the elimination of the price ceiling would eliminate the shortage. Learn more about:eliminate How to perfect your pronunciation of: eliminate Learn Individual Sounds Break eliminate down into individual sounds such as ɪˈlɪmɪneɪt. Practice these parts before you learn to say the whole word. Use the tools above to find out how different people say eliminate in their accents, then try to repeat after them. Pick an Accent Avoid mixing word pronunciations. If you’re learning American English, stick to it and try not to confuse yourself with British pronunciation. Say eliminate in the pronunciation tool as many times as it takes before you get it right. Record yourself saying different sentences with eliminate.

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Not having access to safe and reliable housing can be stressful and harmful, especially when pregnant. Eviction is linked to high blood pressure, chronic disease, and all-cause mortality. Among young mothers, unstable housing or constantly changing residence increases the risk of low birth weight. Experiences of eviction are also associated with an increased risk for infant mortality. However, little research exists on how eviction experiences might negatively affect pregnancy outcomes or if structural racism or other forms of discrimination worsen these experiences. Emily Harville and colleagues analyzed data from the Eviction Lab and the National Center for Health Statistics to evaluate how eviction affects birth outcomes, specifically preterm birth and low birth weight. Smaller babies or babies born prematurely often have an increased risk of intellectual and developmental disabilities. Harville classified low birth weight as a baby weighing less than 5.5 pounds at birth and preterm birth as babies born at 37 weeks or less. The team compared these birth outcomes against eviction and filing rates from 2,460 counties in 44 U.S. states. The researchers found pregnant people facing eviction had a higher risk of both low birth weight and preterm birth, yet the risk for low birth weight was higher than for preterm birth. Black women included in the study were also more likely to live in counties with higher eviction and filing rates at 43% and 44%, respectively, compared to White women at 23% for both eviction and filling rates and Hispanic women at 23% and 18%, respectively. Black women also faced the strongest link between eviction rates and both low birth weight and preterm birth. However, it was difficult for the investigators to determine that eviction was a direct cause of more pregnancy complications. Neighborhoods with high eviction rates also may be experiencing high unemployment rates, increases in layoffs, and high levels of violent crime. In particular, predominantly Black and low-income areas are subjected to higher rates of assault and gun violence compared to higher-income and White neighborhoods. Other research reported that Black women living in low-income and disadvantaged neighborhoods are more likely to report racial discrimination, further increasing the risk of pregnancy complications. Ongoing discrimination, a remnant of redlining that limits a resident’s ability to secure a bank loan, puts women living in minority neighborhoods at financial risk and at risk of eviction. While the practice no longer occurs, a later study indicated an association between the fallout of past redlining and preterm birth. Black women in the U.S. already experience adverse pregnancy outcomes, including infant mortality, preterm births, and low birth weights at 2 to 3 times the rate of White women. Harville’s analysis adds to the growing evidence that structural racism contributes to pregnancy health disparities. Understanding the impacts of eviction on maternal and child health are important as ever, since the protections against eviction implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic are no longer in place. The researchers acknowledge that secure and suitable housing is an essential driver of health. Policies to improve housing access, including increasing legal assistance, financial counseling, and broader public housing availability, may improve pregnancy outcomes. Photo via Getty Images

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There is a dual narrative that is often taken to be characteristic of modernity: the first is the idea of its unique Europeanness, and the second is its translatability into non-European cultures. This narrative argues for the mutability of modernity, thus permitting its export and enhancing its universal character while putting a European epistemological stamp on its subsequent reception. The traveling character of this dimension of modernity as export understands modernity as emerging from Europe, say, from the mid-fifteenth century, and slowly spreading outward like a million points of light into the patches of darkness that lie outside its foundational center. Modernity in this guise was projected as an instrument of progress. The guiding concepts often associated with it—instrumental rationality, the development of capitalism—emerged in the debate between theological and scientific reason. These concepts also provided the foundation for the Renaissance and Enlightenment in Europe, in which feudalism and theological absolutism—two structures of power and domination that marked the Middle Ages—collapsed. Scientific rationality and individual property, which formed the basis of capital accumulation, were triumphant. The collapse of feudalism and theological absolutism shifted the scales of sovereign power from the theological to the secular. Skip Nav Destination Okwui Enwezor; Modernity and Postcolonial Ambivalence. South Atlantic Quarterly 1 July 2010; 109 (3): 595–620. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00382876-2010-008 Download citation file:

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The sintering process plays a critical role in metal injection molding, a widely used manufacturing method. This article aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the sintering process, including its importance, steps involved, factors affecting it, benefits, and common challenges. By delving into the intricacies of sintering, readers will gain valuable insights into this essential step in metal injection molding and its impact on the final product’s quality and performance. Importance of Sintering in Metal Injection Molding During the sintering process in metal injection molding, the importance of achieving proper particle bonding and densification cannot be overstated. Sintering is a crucial step in the manufacturing process as it helps transform the compacted metal powder into a solid and dense part. One key factor that influences the sintering process is the sintering temperature. The temperature must be carefully controlled to ensure the particles reach their melting point, allowing them to bond together. If the temperature is too low, the particles may not fully bond, resulting in weak or porous parts. On the other hand, if the temperature is too high, the particles may over-sinter, leading to distortion or even melting of the part. Therefore, finding the optimal sintering temperature is essential to achieve the desired mechanical properties and dimensional accuracy of the final part. Another critical aspect is the sintering atmosphere. The choice of atmosphere can significantly impact the quality of the sintered part. Common sintering atmospheres include hydrogen, nitrogen, and vacuum. Each atmosphere has its advantages and disadvantages, and the selection depends on the specific material and desired outcome. For example, hydrogen atmosphere can help reduce oxide formation and improve the mechanical properties of certain materials, while vacuum atmosphere can prevent oxidation and maintain the integrity of the part. Steps Involved in the Sintering Process The sintering process in metal injection molding involves a series of steps that are essential for achieving proper particle bonding and densification. These steps ensure that the metal powder particles are transformed into a solid, dense metal component. Here are the three main steps involved in the sintering process: - Preheating: Before sintering, the green part, which is the compacted metal injection molded part, is preheated to remove any residual binders or solvents. This step is crucial to prevent any defects or impurities in the final component. - Sintering: The preheated green part is then placed in a high-temperature furnace, where it is heated to a temperature below its melting point. This allows the metal particles to bond together through diffusion, resulting in densification and increased strength of the component. - Cooling and Finishing: Once the sintering process is complete, the sintered part is slowly cooled down to room temperature. This gradual cooling helps to prevent any thermal stresses or cracking in the component. After cooling, the part may undergo additional finishing processes such as machining or surface treatment to achieve the desired final shape and appearance. Different sintering techniques, such as conventional sintering, pressure-assisted sintering, or microwave sintering, can be employed depending on the specific requirements of the metal injection molding process. Each step in the sintering process plays a crucial role in achieving the desired mechanical properties and dimensional accuracy of the final metal component. Factors Affecting Sintering in Metal Injection Molding Factors that impact the sintering process in metal injection molding include various parameters and conditions. Two significant factors that affect the sintering process are the sintering temperature and the sintering time. The sintering temperature is the temperature at which the metal powder particles are heated to bond together during the sintering process. It is a critical parameter that determines the final density, strength, and dimensional accuracy of the sintered part. The temperature should be carefully controlled to ensure that the metal particles achieve the desired level of bonding without causing excessive shrinkage or distortion. Different materials require different sintering temperatures, and the optimal temperature range for each material must be determined through experimentation. The sintering time is the duration for which the metal powder is exposed to the sintering temperature. This parameter affects the densification and grain growth of the sintered part. Longer sintering times generally result in higher densities but can also lead to increased grain growth, which may negatively impact the mechanical properties of the part. Therefore, the sintering time needs to be optimized to achieve the desired balance between density and mechanical properties. Other factors that can influence the sintering process include the atmosphere (such as the presence of oxygen or a reducing gas), the particle size and distribution of the metal powder, the powder loading, and the presence of additives or binders. These factors should be carefully considered and controlled to ensure successful sintering and the production of high-quality metal injection molded parts. Benefits of Sintering in Metal Injection Molding Sintering in metal injection molding offers numerous advantages for the production of high-quality parts. Here are three key benefits of sintering in metal fabrication: - Enhanced material properties: Sintering allows for the consolidation of metal powders, resulting in a denser and stronger final product. During the sintering process, the metal particles bond together, creating a solid structure with improved mechanical properties such as higher tensile strength and hardness. This makes sintered parts more durable and resistant to wear, making them ideal for applications that require high performance and reliability. - Complex geometries: Sintering enables the production of parts with intricate and complex shapes that would be difficult or impossible to achieve using traditional manufacturing methods. The metal injection molding process allows for the creation of highly detailed parts with tight tolerances, intricate features, and thin walls. This opens up new possibilities for design and innovation, allowing engineers to create components with unique geometries that meet specific functional requirements. - Cost-effective production: Sintering offers cost advantages in terms of material utilization and production efficiency. The metal injection molding process allows for the production of near-net shape parts, which reduces the amount of material waste compared to traditional machining methods. Additionally, the ability to produce complex geometries in a single manufacturing step eliminates the need for multiple operations, reducing labor and tooling costs. This makes sintering a cost-effective solution for manufacturing high-quality metal parts in large quantities. Common Challenges in the Sintering Process During the sintering process, several challenges can arise that impact the quality and integrity of the metal parts produced through metal injection molding. One of the main challenges is ensuring proper quality control throughout the entire process. This involves monitoring the sintering temperature carefully to ensure that it is within the optimal range for the specific material being used. If the temperature is too low, the particles may not fully bond together, resulting in weak and porous parts. On the other hand, if the temperature is too high, the parts may become distorted or even melt, leading to dimensional inaccuracies or complete failure. Another challenge is achieving uniform heating and cooling of the parts. Uneven heating can cause variations in shrinkage, which can lead to warping or cracking. Similarly, uneven cooling can result in residual stresses within the parts, affecting their mechanical properties. To overcome these challenges, precise temperature control, along with proper design and placement of heating elements, is crucial. Furthermore, the sintering process can also introduce impurities or contaminants into the parts, affecting their mechanical properties and overall quality. To mitigate this, effective cleaning and debinding processes should be implemented prior to sintering. Frequently Asked Questions What Is Metal Injection Molding and How Does It Differ From Traditional Molding Processes? Metal injection molding is a versatile manufacturing process that combines the benefits of plastic injection molding and powdered metal technology. It offers advantages such as complex geometries, cost-effectiveness, and design flexibility. It finds applications in industries like automotive, aerospace, and medical. What Materials Are Commonly Used in Metal Injection Molding? In metal injection molding, a variety of alternative materials can be used, including stainless steel, titanium, and cobalt-chromium alloys. However, challenges in material selection arise due to factors such as compatibility with the molding process and desired mechanical properties. What Are the Main Advantages of Using the Sintering Process in Metal Injection Molding? The sintering process in metal injection molding offers various advantages, including increased density and strength of the parts, improved dimensional accuracy, and the ability to produce complex geometries. These benefits significantly impact the quality and performance of metal injection molded parts. Are There Any Limitations or Disadvantages to Using the Sintering Process in Metal Injection Molding? There are limitations and disadvantages to using the sintering process in metal injection molding. These include potential shrinkage and warping of the final product, as well as the need for additional processing steps to achieve desired mechanical properties. How Does the Sintering Process Affect the Final Properties and Performance of the Metal Injection Molded Parts? The sintering process in metal injection molding can have a significant impact on the final properties and performance of the molded parts. Factors such as sintering temperature, sintering time, and the sintering atmosphere can affect the overall quality and characteristics of the parts. In conclusion, the sintering process plays a crucial role in metal injection molding. It involves several steps and is influenced by various factors. Sintering helps to achieve the desired properties and shape of the final product, enhancing its strength and durability. Despite its importance, the sintering process also presents challenges that need to be addressed. Overall, sintering is essential in metal injection molding for producing high-quality metal parts.

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Begonias, known for their vibrant blooms and diverse foliage, captivate gardeners with their beauty. To ensure these botanical wonders thrive year after year, understanding the significance of overwintering begonias is paramount. Overwintering is not merely a seasonal chore; it’s a strategic practice to preserve and maintain the health of begonias through the colder months. Overwintering extends beyond a routine task; it’s a holistic approach to safeguarding begonias, ensuring they emerge robust and ready for a new growing season. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll delve into the intricacies of overwintering begonias, providing insights into the lifecycle of these plants and the role that overwintering plays in their overall well-being. How to Overwinter Begonias Wondering how to overwinter begonias? This process involves strategic measures to protect these delicate plants from the harsh conditions of winter. In a generalized sense, here’s a quick answer: To overwinter begonias successfully, begin by transitioning them indoors before the first frost. Create an optimal indoor environment with adequate light, controlled temperature, and minimal stress. For outdoor overwintering, provide protective measures such as mulching and covering to shield begonias from the cold. Mastering the art of overwintering ensures your begonias not only survive but thrive during the winter months. Understanding the Lifecycle of Begonias Exploring the natural lifecycle of begonias provides essential context for the overwintering process. Begonias undergo distinct stages, including germination, seedling growth, vegetative growth, flowering, and dormancy. While these resilient plants thrive in favorable conditions, the arrival of winter signals a shift in their lifecycle. As temperatures drop and daylight diminishes, begonias naturally enter a state of dormancy. This period is characterized by reduced growth and blooming activity. Understanding this lifecycle transition is fundamental to grasping how to overwinter begonias effectively. Overwintering becomes a strategic intervention to provide optimal conditions during this dormant phase, ensuring the plants emerge vigorously when the growing season returns. Choosing the Right Begonia Varieties for Overwintering Not all begonia varieties respond the same way to winter conditions. Choosing the right varieties for overwintering is a critical consideration for success. Some begonias are inherently more resilient and adaptable to the challenges posed by winter. Fibrous-rooted begonias, for example, often handle winter conditions well, displaying a level of hardiness that makes them suitable candidates for successful overwintering. Tuberous begonias, with their showy blooms, may require extra care. Familiarizing yourself with the specific needs of the begonia varieties you cultivate is a key aspect of mastering how to overwinter begonias successfully. Preparing Begonias for the Winter Season Successfully overwintering begonias begins with thorough preparation. Transitioning begonias into the winter season involves a series of meticulous steps to ensure their resilience and vitality. Here’s a closer look at how to overwinter begonias by preparing them for the colder months: Techniques for Transitioning Begonias 1. Pruning and Trimming: Before the first frost, prune and trim your begonias. This not only helps control the plant’s size but also removes any diseased or dead foliage, promoting overall health. 2. Gradual Reduction of Water: As winter approaches, gradually reduce watering to allow the plants to enter a semi-dormant state. Overwatering during this period can lead to root rot. 3. Fertilization: Provide a balanced fertilizer to nourish the plants before dormancy sets in. This ensures they have sufficient nutrients stored for the winter. Importance of Assessing Plant Health Before overwintering begonias, conduct a thorough assessment of their health. Inspect for signs of diseases or pests, and address any issues promptly. Healthy begonias are more likely to withstand the overwintering process successfully. Indoor Overwintering: Creating the Ideal Environment Indoor overwintering is a preferred method for many gardeners, especially in regions with harsh winters. Creating an optimal indoor environment for begonias involves specific considerations to ensure their well-being. Tips for Setting up an Optimal Indoor Environment 1. Lighting: Begonias thrive in bright, indirect light. Position them near a south or west-facing window to provide ample light without exposing them to direct sunlight, which can scorch their leaves. 2. Temperature Control: Maintain a consistent indoor temperature between 60-70°F (15-21°C). Avoid exposing begonias to drafts or sudden temperature fluctuations. 3. Humidity: Begonias appreciate higher humidity levels. Consider using a humidifier or placing a tray of water near the plants to maintain an optimal environment. Outdoor Overwintering: Providing Protective Measures For gardeners preferring to keep begonias outdoors during winter, implementing effective protective measures is crucial. Outdoor overwintering involves safeguarding begonias from the cold and potential frost damage. Strategies for Safeguarding Begonias Outdoors 1. Mulching: Apply a thick layer of mulch around the base of begonias to insulate the soil. Mulch acts as a protective barrier against temperature fluctuations and helps retain soil moisture. 2. Covering: Cover begonias with frost blankets or burlap on particularly cold nights. This extra layer shields the plants from frost, preventing potential damage to leaves and stems. 3. Pot Considerations: If begonias are in containers, move the pots to a sheltered area close to the house. This provides some protection against harsh winds and extreme cold. Blooming Strategies for Outdoor Overwintering Understanding how to overwinter begonias outdoors involves adjusting expectations regarding blooming. While begonias may not bloom as prolifically during winter, preserving their overall health takes precedence. Strategies such as pruning and deadheading can help redirect the plant’s energy towards essential processes, ensuring a vigorous return in spring. Overwintering Challenges and Troubleshooting While mastering how to overwinter begonias, gardeners may encounter various challenges that could impact the success of the process. Recognizing and addressing these challenges promptly is essential for ensuring the well-being of begonias during the winter months. Common Issues Faced During Overwintering 1. Pest Infestations: Aphids, mites, or caterpillars can pose a threat during the overwintering period. Regularly inspect begonias and use organic pest control methods to address infestations without compromising plant health. 2. Disease: Fungal diseases, such as powdery mildew or botrytis, may manifest in the absence of proper air circulation. Apply fungicides preventively and ensure optimal ventilation to mitigate disease risks. 3. Environmental Stress: Sudden changes in temperature or exposure to extreme conditions can stress begonias. Provide adequate protection against intense sunlight or harsh weather to minimize environmental stress. 4. Improper Watering: Overwatering during dormancy or insufficient watering can both be detrimental. Establish a consistent watering routine based on the plant’s specific needs, adjusting as required by seasonal conditions. Reviving Begonias in Spring: Post-Overwintering Care As winter wanes and spring emerges, attention shifts to reviving begonias for the upcoming growing season. Post-overwintering care plays a crucial role in ensuring begonias transition smoothly and resume their vibrant display. Steps for Transitioning Begonias Back to Outdoor Conditions 1. Gradual Reintroduction: Gradually reintroduce begonias to outdoor conditions as temperatures rise. This prevents shock to the plants and allows them to acclimate slowly. 2. Pruning and Deadheading: Prune and deadhead spent or damaged parts of the begonias. This encourages new growth and redirects energy towards blooming. 3. Fertilization: Provide a balanced fertilizer to nourish the revitalized plants as they reenter the active growing phase. Want to learn more about Begonia’s? Conclusion: Mastering the Art of Overwintering Begonias In the journey of understanding how to overwinter begonias, gardeners unveil a nuanced approach to preserving the vitality and beauty of these exquisite plants. Overwintering is not merely a protective measure; it’s an art that requires attention to detail, proactive strategies, and a commitment to the well-being of begonias. Recap of Key Overwintering Strategies 1. Choose Resilient Varieties: Opt for resilient begonia varieties that are well-suited for overwintering. Understanding the unique traits of each variety is integral to success. 2. Thorough Preparation: Prune, assess health, and gradually reduce water before winter sets in. These steps ensure begonias are in prime condition for the dormant period. 3. Indoor and Outdoor Strategies: Whether indoors or outdoors, provide the ideal environment for begonias. From lighting to temperature control, tailor the conditions to each plant’s needs. Encouragement for Embracing Overwintering Embracing the practice of overwintering begonias yields rewards beyond the survival of the plants. It contributes to a garden that thrives with vitality, ensuring begonias emerge from winter with vigor, ready to grace the landscape with their vibrant colors. As gardeners, we play a vital role in the seasonal rhythm of our plants. By mastering how to overwinter begonias, we not only preserve their beauty but actively participate in the cyclical dance of nature. So, as winter approaches, consider this guide as your companion, empowering you to navigate the complexities of overwintering with confidence. Happy gardening, and may your begonias continue to enchant your garden with their exquisite blooms throughout the seasons! Are all begonia varieties the same when it comes to overwintering? Begonia varieties differ in their response to overwintering. While some varieties are more resilient and adaptable, others may require specific care. Understanding the characteristics of the begonia varieties you cultivate is essential for successful overwintering. How does the indoor overwintering environment affect begonias? Creating an optimal indoor environment for overwintering begonias involves considerations such as lighting, temperature control, and humidity. Adequate bright, indirect light, consistent temperatures, and higher humidity levels contribute to a conducive environment for indoor overwintering. Can I overwinter begonias outdoors in containers? Yes, overwintering begonias outdoors in containers is possible. However, it requires additional protective measures such as mulching, covering, and relocating pots to sheltered areas. Monitoring environmental conditions and adjusting care accordingly is crucial for successful outdoor overwintering. What should I do if I notice pest infestations during overwintering? Pest infestations, such as aphids or mites, can occur during overwintering. Regularly inspect begonias and employ organic pest control methods to address infestations. Prompt intervention ensures the health of the plants during the dormant period. Is deadheading necessary during overwintering? Deadheading, or removing spent blooms, remains beneficial during overwintering. While begonias may not bloom as prolifically in winter, deadheading stimulates new growth and redirects the plant’s energy, contributing to overall health and a vibrant display in the following growing season. Can I adjust care practices based on the specific begonia variety? Yes, adjusting care practices based on the specific begonia variety is crucial for tailored overwintering. Different varieties have unique needs, and understanding these requirements allows for a more effective and customized approach to overwintering, ensuring the plants thrive. Should I fertilize begonias during the post-overwintering transition? Yes, providing balanced fertilizer during the post-overwintering transition is beneficial. This nourishes the revitalized plants as they re-enter the active growing phase, supporting new growth and promoting overall vigor. How can I encourage continuous blooming after overwintering? To encourage continuous blooming after overwintering, consider pruning and deadheading to stimulate new growth. Gradually reintroduce begonias to outdoor conditions, maintaining a consistent care routine. This helps ensure a healthy and vibrant display throughout the growing season. Writer/Green Thumb/Explorer – Rooted deep in the rich soils of Devon, I’ve cultivated a vast expertise in plant care, helping greenery thrive in homes across the UK. When I’m not crafting detailed plant care guides, I’m journeying through the lush landscapes of the West Country, unearthing nature’s secrets and sharing them with fellow plant enthusiasts. Every leaf has a story, and I’m here to tell it.

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2024-12-08T01:00:28Z

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en

This study developed augmented reality (AR) tools to help elementary school students learn enumeration strategies-layer strategy and the formula strategy, for calculating the volume of cubes. A quasi-experiment design was conducted in this study to evaluate the effectiveness of the AR tools. Two classes with a total of 52 students participated in the study. One class with 28 students used the physical cubes to learn the enumeration strategies, whereas the other class with 25 students used the physical cubes combined with the AR tools. Our findings showed that students using the AR tools with physical cubes (1) performed better in achievement test, (2) became more confident on learning while applying the layer strategy, and (3) were more satisfied with the learning activities, as compared to students without the AR tools. The AR tools also helped students better understand the move and fill process for forming a cuboid, and promoted them to implement the volume formula in a meaningful way.

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://scholar.lib.ntnu.edu.tw/en/publications/using-augmented-reality-to-learn-the-enumeration-strategies-of-cu-2

2024-12-08T00:59:02Z

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en

The image of the eagle has inspired people and nations throughout history. The Bible is no exception in this regard. What animal in God’s vast creation can better symbolize God’s soaring and sovereign reign than the eagle? Few of us fully realize, however, that God wishes to share His victorious life with us. Isaiah knew this was true and wrote to help us know it as well. In the second half of his glorious prophecies, the great seer encourages us to receive from the Lord the strength of the eagle (Isaiah 40-48) that we might not stumble (Isaiah 49-57) but rather soar (Isaiah 58-66). We thus learn more about God’s condition, our condition without God, and our condition with God. We are called to soar! In this study, we are challenged to view our emotions from a fresh and Biblical perspective. We are sometimes uncomfortable with our own feelings, especially when faced with sadness, grief, and tears. Yet, in the Scriptures we find many examples of God’s saints shedding tears including Jacob, Joseph, Hannah, Jonathan, Saul, David, Hezekiah, Peter, Paul, and Mary. Jeremiah, in fact, is often referred to as the “weeping prophet.” But as you look closer at his book, you will see his tears originate in the heart of the Lord. We may dare to say that “God weeps.” Jeremiah has crafted this book essentially as a poetic dirge. In Lamentations, he records his deep mourning, side-by-side with a recognition of God’s anger and judgment. Yet, in the midst of it all, the prophet expresses profound reasons for hope. Lamentations helps us to understand how our deepest, darkest, and most dire tragedies can be a divine set-up for abiding hope. God is able to turn difficult times into eternal benefit for us and for God’s glory. Great is God’s faithfulness! Ezekiel’s book outlines the time before, during, and after stages of the siege of Jerusalem. God gives Ezekiel a symbolic vision of Israel as very dry bones and asks him if they can live. What appears utterly dead to Ezekiel doesn’t rattle the prophet so deeply as to shake his faith. And so God engages Ezekiel to cooperate with heaven to accomplish the impossible. The meaning behind this profound vision can stir any nominal believer in God to expect the Lord to do something greater — much greater than may seemed possible — for our day as well. How are we to live in this world with an eye on the next? Few Biblical characters provide a clearer and more brilliant example than Daniel. This servant of the Lord faced great perils while living in Babylon. He could have succumbed to anxiety and fear but chose instead to trust in the God. The visions Daniel received contain great insight to help us live like Daniel in righteousness, joy, and peace amid the infidelity and unbelief in our day.

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://scriptureawakening.com/product/major-minor-prophets-booklet-video/

2024-12-08T00:46:33Z

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en

Working with large data sets is always tricky. Excel is one of the most powerful tools you can use to manipulate, format, and analyze large sets of information. Several well-known functions exist to help you look up specific matches within a dataset, like VLookup. But functions like VLookup had certain limitations, so Microsoft recently introduced the XLookup function to Excel. It provides a more robust method for finding specific values in a data set. Knowing how to use it effectively can drastically cut down the time you spend trying to analyze data in Excel. What does XLookup do in Excel? The core functionality of the XLookup is the ability to search for specific values in a range or array of data. When you run the function, a corresponding value is returned from another range or array. Ultimately, it’s a search tool for your Excel datasets. Depending on your arguments, XLookup will show you the first or last value in instances with more than one matching result. Other lookup functions like VLookup (vertical lookup) or HLookup (horizontal lookup) have limitations, such as only searching from right to left. Users need to either rearrange data or find complex workarounds to mitigate this. XLookup is a far more flexible solution, allowing you to get partial matches, use more than one search criteria and use nested queries. Check out this XLookup Excel tutorial to see it in action: The Benefits of XLookup in Excel The main benefit of XLookup in Excel is the time savings it provides. You can achieve the search result without manipulating data positioning, for example. Like other Excel lookup formulas, it saves a huge amount of time that would otherwise have to be spent manually scrolling through rows and rows of data. When it comes to comparisons with other lookup functions, XLookup’s flexibility is key. For example, you can use wildcard characters to search for partial matches. This helps to reduce errors overall, as you can use it to find data that may be misspelled or entered incorrectly. The arguments for XLookup are also simpler than VLookup, making it faster and easier to use. XLookup defaults to an exact match, for example, whereas you would have to specify this in your VLookup argument. The overall functionality of XLookup is superior since it can return multiple results at once. One example of this use case would be searching for the top five values in a particular dataset. XLookup Required Arguments Your XLookup function requires three arguments: - Lookup_value: This is the value you’re searching for in an array. - Lookup_array: This is the range of cells where you want the return value to be displayed. - Return_array: This is the range of cells where you want the function to search for the value. So a simple version of an XLookup would look like this: =XLOOKUP(lookup_value, lookup_array, return_array) XLookup Optional Arguments The XLookup function also has several optional arguments that you can use for more complex scenarios or to narrow down your search: - Match_mode: This determines the type of match to use, such as exact match or wildcard match to get partial matches. - Search_mode: This determines whether your function should search from left to right or vice versa. - If_not_found: This argument tells the function what value should be returned if there is no match at all. With optional arguments included, the XLookup function looks like this: =XLOOKUP(lookup_value, lookup_array, return_array, [if_not_found], [match_mode], [search_mode]) How to Use XLookup in Excel 1. Open the Excel and the datasheet on which you want to use the XLookup function. 2. Select the cell where you want to place the XLookup Excel formula. 3. Type “=” into that cell and then type “XLookup.” Click on the “XLookup” option that comes up in the dropdown. 4. An opening parenthesis will automatically generate. After the opening bracket, enter the required arguments in the correct order: lookup_value, lookup_array, and return_array. This means selecting the range of cells for each argument and placing a comma before moving on to the next argument. 5. If you’re using any optional arguments, enter them after the required arguments. 6. When your XLookup arguments are complete, add a closing parenthesis before hitting enter. 7. The results of your XLookup should be displayed in the cell where you entered the function. In this Excel XLookup example, we used XLookup to find out the grade for a particular student. So, the lookup_value was the student’s name (“Ruben Pugh”). The lookup_array was the list of student names under column A. Finally, the lookup_return was the list of student grades under column C. With that formula, the function returned the value of the student’s grade: C-. But how do you use XLookup with the optional arguments? Using the same data set as above, let’s say we want to find the attendance rate for a student with the surname “Smith.” Here, we’re telling Excel to return the message “Not Found” if it cannot retrieve the value, indicating that the student “Smith” is not on this list: Now, let’s say we want to determine whether any students had an attendance rate of 70%. But we also want to know the next closest attendance rate if 70% does not exist in the dataset. We’ll use the value “1” under the match_mode argument to find the next largest item if 70 does not exist: Since no student has a 70% attendance rate, the XLookup has returned “75,” the next largest value. Best Practices for XLookup in Excel Use Descriptive References It’s preferable to use descriptive references for the cells you’re using rather than generic ranges like A1:A12. When it comes time to adjust your formula (which you tend to do frequently with a function like XLookup), descriptive references make it easier to understand what you were originally using the formula to do. This is also useful if you pass the spreadsheet off to a new user who needs to understand the formula references quickly. Use Exact Match Where Possible Using the exact match default within the formula (as opposed to wildcard characters) helps ensure you don’t get unintended values in the return. Wildcard characters are more useful for identifying partial matches, but the exact match is the best way to ensure the formula works as intended. Keep Argument Ranges the Same Size When putting your arguments together, make sure that you use the same number of cells for the return_array and the look_up array. If not, you’ll get an error, and Excel will only return #VALUE in the cell. Test Your Formula It’s not difficult to fix problems with a simple XLookup. But if you’re using nested functions or XLookup in conjunction with other formulas, ensure you’re testing everything along the way. If you don’t and receive an error, it can be challenging to work backward and identify where the function is going wrong. As a new and improved way to use lookup functionality in Excel, the XLookup outperforms the classic VLookup in multiple ways. While the basics of the function are easy to grasp, it can take some practice to use XLookup in more complex ways. But with some practice data and test scenarios to work on, you’ll master the XLookup in no time.

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://service.sitopedia.com/how-to-use-xlookup-in-excel/

2024-12-08T00:13:16Z

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en

Gardening enthusiasts know that the beauty of their garden is often in the variety of plants they choose to cultivate. But what if you could add a splash of color to your garden without sacrificing space? Growing different varieties of mustard in the same bed is an easy way to bring life to your garden without overcrowding. With a few simple steps and a little patience, you can create a stunning array of colors and flavors in one bed that will make your garden stand out from the rest. Characteristic | Description | Plant Variety | Mustard plants come in many varieties, each with their own unique characteristics, such as size, shape, leaf texture, and color. | Space | Mustard plants can be grown close together in the same bed, as they require little space and can tolerate light crowding. | Soil | Mustard plants prefer well-drained, fertile soil with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. | Sunlight | Mustard plants require full sun for best growth and production. | Water | Mustard plants should be watered regularly to keep the soil moist but not soggy. | Fertilizer | A balanced fertilizer should be applied according to the instructions on the package. | Pests | Mustard plants are not prone to many pests, but can be affected by aphids, flea beetles, slugs, and caterpillars. | What You'll Learn - What are the best varieties of mustard to grow in the same bed? - How much space should be left between each variety of mustard to ensure healthy growth? - How often should the soil be amended to accommodate the different types of mustard? - What type of fertilizer should be used to help the different varieties of mustard to thrive? - Are there any pests or diseases which are more likely to affect a bed with multiple types of mustard? 1. What are the best varieties of mustard to grow in the same bed? Gardening can be a great way to enjoy the outdoors and to be able to enjoy the fruits of your labor. Growing mustard is a great way to add a tasty ingredient to your meals. Mustard is a versatile plant that can be used in many different dishes, from salad dressings to sauces and marinades. When it comes to growing mustard, there are many different varieties to choose from. Knowing which of these varieties will do best in the same bed can be a bit tricky, but with a bit of research, you can find the best varieties of mustard to grow in the same bed. When deciding which mustard varieties to grow in the same bed, it is important to consider the climate in which you will be growing them. Different varieties of mustard may prefer different climates, so it is important to research which varieties are best suited for the area in which you are growing them. Additionally, it is important to consider the amount of space available in your garden bed. You will want to choose varieties that are smaller in size so as not to overcrowd the bed. Once you have determined what climate and space you have available, you can begin researching the different varieties of mustard that are best suited for the conditions. Some of the best varieties of mustard to grow in the same bed are mustard greens, tatsoi, and mizuna. Mustard greens are a popular variety of mustard that has a mild flavor and can be used in salads or as a cooked vegetable. Tatsoi is a type of mustard that has a slightly spicy flavor and can be used in salads or as a cooked vegetable. Lastly, mizuna is a type of mustard that is similar to arugula and has a slightly spicy flavor. When planting mustard in the same bed, it is important to keep in mind that these varieties prefer well-draining soil. Additionally, mustard plants should be planted in an area that receives full sun for at least 6 hours a day. When planting these varieties, it is important to plant them about 6-8 inches apart so that they have room to spread out. When it comes to caring for mustard plants, it is important to make sure that they get enough water. Mustard plants prefer moist soil, so it is important to water them regularly. Additionally, it is important to fertilize the plants regularly to ensure that they are receiving the nutrients they need to grow and thrive. By following these steps, gardeners can easily find the best varieties of mustard to grow in the same bed. Mustard greens, tatsoi, and mizuna are all excellent choices for growing in the same bed. By considering the climate, space, and soil conditions of the garden bed, gardeners can choose the best varieties of mustard for their particular conditions. With a bit of research, gardeners can enjoy the delicious and versatile flavors of mustard in their meals. You may want to see also 2. How much space should be left between each variety of mustard to ensure healthy growth? When planting mustard, it is important to understand how much space should be left between each variety of mustard to ensure healthy growth. Mustard plants are relatively easy to grow and have a wide range of uses, so understanding the spacing requirements for each variety is essential. In general, mustard should be planted in an area with full sun and well-drained soil. The soil should also be fertile, with a pH between 6.0 and 7.5. To ensure optimal growth, the spacing of mustard plants should be based on the variety being grown. To determine the correct spacing for a particular variety of mustard, it is important to consider the size of the mature plant. For example, the spacing between rows of a large mustard variety such as black mustard should be at least 12 inches apart, while smaller varieties such as Chinese mustard should be planted 6 inches apart. When planting mustard, it is important to remember to leave enough space between each variety to ensure adequate air circulation. Poor air circulation can cause the plants to become overcrowded and stunt their growth. For most varieties, it is recommended to leave at least 3 inches of space between each plant. In addition to spacing requirements, it is also important to consider the soil requirements of the particular variety of mustard being grown. Some varieties of mustard prefer more acidic soils, while others prefer neutral or slightly alkaline soils. It is important to take soil pH into account when choosing the spacing for mustard plants. Finally, when planting mustard, it is important to consider the water requirements of the particular variety. Some varieties of mustard require more frequent watering than others, so it is important to take this into account when choosing the spacing for mustard plants. By following these guidelines, gardeners can ensure that their mustard plants have adequate space for healthy growth. Proper spacing helps to ensure that the plants receive enough air circulation, have the right soil conditions, and get the right amount of water. With the right spacing, mustard plants can thrive and provide a bountiful harvest. You may want to see also 3. How often should the soil be amended to accommodate the different types of mustard? Soil amendment is essential for growing different types of mustard. Mustard requires soil with a high level of nitrogen and phosphorus for optimal growth. To ensure that the soil has the necessary nutrients for healthy plant growth, it is important to amend the soil regularly. But how often should the soil be amended to accommodate the different types of mustard? In general, mustard plants require a soil amendment every 6-8 weeks. This is especially important if the soil is low in nitrogen or phosphorus. The frequency of soil amendment may also depend on the type of mustard you are growing. For example, yellow mustard may require more frequent soil amendments than other types of mustard. It is important to use the right type of soil amendment for the specific type of mustard you are growing. For example, organic fertilizer can be used for yellow mustard, while inorganic fertilizer may be better for brown mustard. A soil test can help you determine which type of soil amendment is best for your mustard plants. When amending the soil, it is important to follow the instructions on the fertilizer package carefully. Over-fertilizing can lead to nutrient overload and can damage the mustard plants. It is also important to water the soil before and after fertilizing. When amending the soil, it is important to use the right amount of fertilizer. Too little fertilizer can lead to nutrient deficiencies, while too much can cause nutrient overload. The amount of fertilizer to use will depend on the type of mustard you are growing. For example, yellow mustard may require more fertilizer than other types of mustard. To ensure that your mustard plants receive the necessary nutrients, it is important to amend the soil regularly. It is best to amend the soil every 6-8 weeks and use the right type of fertilizer for the specific type of mustard you are growing. Following these steps will help ensure that your mustard plants have the necessary nutrients for optimal growth. You may want to see also 4. What type of fertilizer should be used to help the different varieties of mustard to thrive? If you are growing different varieties of mustard in your garden, you may be wondering what type of fertilizer to use to help them thrive. The good news is that mustard plants are relatively easy to care for and can usually be grown without the use of chemical fertilizers. However, if you want to give your mustard plants a boost, there are a few types of fertilizer that can be used to help them thrive. The first type of fertilizer to consider is a general-purpose, complete fertilizer. These fertilizers contain all of the essential nutrients—nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium—that your mustard plants need in order to grow and produce healthy foliage and flowers. It is best to apply these fertilizers in the spring, when the mustard plants are just beginning to grow. You should apply the fertilizer at a rate of 1 to 2 pounds per 100 square feet of garden space. Another type of fertilizer that can be used to help mustard plants thrive is a slow-release fertilizer. These fertilizers are formulated to release nutrients gradually over time. This can be beneficial for mustard plants, as it helps to ensure that they have a consistent supply of nutrients throughout the growing season. Slow-release fertilizers should be applied at a rate of 2 to 3 pounds per 100 square feet of garden space. If you want to give your mustard plants an extra boost, you can also use an organic fertilizer. These fertilizers are derived from natural sources such as compost, manure, or fish meal. Organic fertilizers are rich in nutrients and can help to promote healthy growth in mustard plants. It is best to apply organic fertilizers at a rate of 3 to 5 pounds per 100 square feet of garden space. Finally, you can also use a liquid fertilizer to help your mustard plants thrive. Liquid fertilizers are easy to apply and can be used to quickly provide essential nutrients to your mustard plants. It is best to apply liquid fertilizers at a rate of one-half to one cup per gallon of water. Be sure to water the plants thoroughly after applying the fertilizer, to ensure that the nutrients are fully absorbed. By following these simple steps and using the right type of fertilizer, you can help your mustard plants to thrive. With a little bit of care and attention, your mustard plants will reward you with a beautiful display of foliage and flowers. You may want to see also 5. Are there any pests or diseases which are more likely to affect a bed with multiple types of mustard? Pests and diseases are an unfortunate reality for many gardeners, and unfortunately, a bed with multiple types of mustard is no exception. However, with the right preventative measures and treatments, gardeners can successfully manage any potential pests or diseases that may affect their mustard bed. The first step in protecting a mustard bed from pests and diseases is to be aware of the types of pests and diseases that are more likely to affect mustard. Common pests that may attack mustard plants include flea beetles, aphids, and thrips. Additionally, common diseases that may affect mustard plants include downy mildew, blackleg, and white rust. To prevent pests and diseases from taking hold in a mustard bed, gardeners should take steps to promote healthy mustard plants. This means ensuring that the plants get enough sunlight and water, and that they are not overcrowded. Additionally, gardeners should practice good sanitation by removing any dead or diseased leaves and stems, as well as any weeds, from the bed. Once any potential pests and diseases have been identified, gardeners should take steps to control them. Pesticides can be used to control pest populations, and fungicides can be used to control fungal diseases. However, gardeners should take care to use these chemicals only when necessary, as they can be harmful to the environment. Additionally, gardeners may wish to use organic methods to control pests and diseases, such as releasing beneficial insects, rotating crops, and using mulch. Finally, in order to protect a mustard bed from pests and diseases, it may be beneficial to plant a variety of mustard cultivars. This will reduce the risk of a single pest or disease wiping out an entire bed of mustard plants. Additionally, it is important to choose cultivars that are resistant to common pests and diseases. By following these steps, gardeners can successfully manage any potential pests or diseases that may affect their mustard bed. With the right preventative measures and treatments, gardeners can ensure that their mustard bed remains healthy and productive. You may want to see also Frequently asked questions Yes, you can grow different varieties of mustard in the same bed. The different varieties should be planted 12-18 inches apart. The rows should be spaced at least 18 inches apart. The mustard should be watered 1-2 times a week, depending on the weather conditions. The soil should be well-drained, rich in organic matter, and have a pH level between 6.0-7.0.

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2024-12-08T01:19:51Z

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en

If parents think they would never forget their child in a hot car, they should think again. It can happen to anyone. It’s the end of July and already 24 children have died in hot cars in 2019. One of the most recent cases involved 1-year-old twins left in their father’s vehicle while he was at work as a social worker at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center in the Bronx borough of New York City. Of the cases that have been reported so far this year, at least 11 of the children were left behind unknowingly by their caregiver. A leading expert in cognitive neuroscience who has studied the role of memory in such tragedies has found that stresses parents face in everyday life can make these memory lapses more likely. Forgetting a child is not a negligence problem, but a memory problem, says David Diamond, Ph.D, a professor of psychology at the University of South Florida. “The most common response is that only bad or negligent parents forget kids in cars,” Diamond says. “It's a matter of circumstances. It can happen to everyone.” During the summer, many families change their daily routines for vacations or other reasons, and that disruption is a common factor in these tragic incidents, Diamond's research found. “The worst thing any parent or caregiver can ever do is to think that something like this could never happen to them or someone in their family,” says Janette Fennell, founder and president of KidsAndCars.org, a group that tracks these incidents. The tragedies occur at an alarming rate: 52 children (from 7 weeks to 11 years old) died in the U.S. last year in hot cars, beginning as early as February. The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration estimates that on average a child dies from vehicular heatstroke every 10 days. In 2019, there have been 24 deaths reported as of July 30. KidsandCars.org’s heatstroke fact sheet highlights that caregivers involved in these incidents come from many walks of life. They include teachers, dentists, social workers, law enforcement, nurses, clergymen, military officers, and even a rocket scientist. These tragic cases can literally happen to anyone, regardless of their education or socioeconomic status. And it’s not just a summertime problem: Even on days with mild temperatures, the heat inside a closed vehicle can reach dangerous levels within an hour, posing major health risks to small children or pets left inside, Consumer Reports’ testing shows. How the Brain Functions Diamond says the issue involves two parts of a person’s working memory: prospective and semantic. Prospective memory helps us remember to do something in the future, while semantic allows drivers to make the trip from work to home on “autopilot,” where they arrive without remembering clear details of how they got there. Prospective and semantic memories work together to help us make changes to our routines; these changes could include things such as “drop off the baby at day care” or “stop for groceries on the way home.” When the working memory fails, such as when we’re distracted or stressed, there can be catastrophic implications, Diamond says. He gave examples of situations where critical safety steps can be overlooked, such as a surgeon leaving tools in a patient, a pilot not setting the wing flaps for landing, and caregivers forgetting that there’s a baby in the car. “The habit brain system is a great convenience that allows us to go into autopilot,” Diamond says. “The beauty of it is that we don’t have to remember every turn, but the problem is that it’s actually guiding our behavior. When it guides our behavior, it suppresses the other part of the brain that is supposed to remind us of additional information.” “We have to accept the fact that our brain multitasks. And as a part of that multitasking, the awareness of a child can be lost,” Diamond says. “We have to accept that the human memory is flawed. That includes when loving, attentive parents lose awareness of their children when they are in a car.” Since 1998, more than 800 children have died from heatstroke in cars. Diamond has studied many of these cases and, at a recent the Lifesavers Conference in San Antonio, he presented a few factors that commonly occurred: change in routine, stress, and sleep deprivation. Many times, when a child died, there had been a change in the day’s routine, Diamond says. For example, a parent who wouldn’t normally be responsible for day-care drop-off might have been given that task that day. Because our brains recognize a pattern for the day, this parent would drive to work as usual, even though the baby was along for the ride. And unless there was an external cue, such as seeing the diaper bag or hearing the baby, the parent’s brain would continue on autopilot and could even create a false memory that the child is safely at day care, Diamond found. Sleep deprivation and stress can also increase the potential for a working-memory failure. Conflicts between semantic and prospective memory are normal, Diamond says. His research has shown that they happen to everyone—not just parents and caregivers—on almost a daily basis. The added stress, distraction, and sleep deprivation that parents often face can contribute to tragic situations. What You Can Do The first step to preventing these hot-car tragedies is for parents and caregivers to understand that human memory is faulty and that these memory failures can happen to anyone. The key to avoid such incidents is for them to use strategies aimed at overcoming memory lapses. Diamond says, “The strategies need to be child-specific. When you have a child in the car, do something unique.” Some strategies from the CR car seat team include: - Create safeguards. One idea is an agreement such as Ray Ray’s Pledge, whereby parents promise to notify child-care providers if their child is going to be late or absent. In return, the child-care providers pledge to notify parents if children do not arrive at their usual drop-off time. - Set reminders on your phone to check with your spouse or partner to make sure he or she has dropped off the child. - Create visual reminders. Place the child’s diaper bag, jacket, or hat in the front passenger seat. - Force yourself to go to the backseat. Keep your backpack, lunch box, or briefcase there every day. - Never leave a child unattended in a vehicle for any length of time, regardless of the outside temperature. Vehicles can quickly heat up to potentially fatal levels on even mild-temperature days. “Education is very important, but education alone won’t end these tragedies,” says Fennell of KidsAndCars.org. “It’s going to take education along with technology to help our imperfect brains.” You can also invest in a car seat or vehicle with integrated reminder technology, such as the Goodbaby SensorSafe or General Motors’ Rear Seat Reminder. Consumer Reports experts have evaluated these technologies and found that integrated systems that default to “on,” rather than needing to be activated by the driver, are the most beneficial. (The concern is that most parents don’t believe a hot-car tragedy could happen to them and therefore may not choose to turn on a protective feature.) “When my now-14-year-old son was an infant, this almost happened to us,” says Jennifer Stockburger, director of operations at CR’s Auto Test Center. “My husband was responsible for dropping our son at day care one day, which was not his normal routine. He drove far past the day care, and only when our son made some noise did he realize his mistake. Even if you can’t imagine making such a error, I encourage parents to use the tips to safeguard their children.” Concerned parents can contact federal lawmakers at congress.gov to urge them to support the bill known as the HOT CARS Act. The bill would require cars to come equipped with technology that alerts drivers if a child is left in the backseat after the ignition is turned off. It’s endorsed by Consumer Reports Advocacy.

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There are many options for controlling weeds in home lawns. Many of the turfgrass herbicides on the market today are highly selective and control specific weeds without damaging the grass. However, it’s important to note that these herbicides are not completely harmless to lawns and the ability of a lawn to “tolerate” an herbicide depends on a number of factors. For example, some herbicides may actually stunt or stress the grass if it’s already struggling from a disease, drought, or winter damage. New lawns that were recently seeded or sodded are very sensitive to herbicides. In fact, most product labels will say don’t apply within four months of planting or until the lawn is fully established. Some of the stronger formulations might even suggest waiting an entire year for a new lawn. Be sure to check the label for specific waiting intervals on new lawns. In a healthy, vigorous lawn the impact of a pre-emergent is usually not serious, but on a lawn that is already struggling, the effect could be severe. A spring application of pre-emergent could result in stunting of newly developed stolons and rhizomes. Areas that previously had bare spots or thinning out from disease may be slow to fill back in during the spring. Also, the stunted roots may cause the grass to turn yellow due to lack of nutrient uptake. In situations where the lawn is already stressed, consider using a reduced rate for pre-emergent herbicides or splitting the application and applying the other half 8 to 10 weeks later. The “less is better” approach can help extend the residual activity of a pre-emergent herbicide for a longer period of time. Split applications also give you a chance to evaluate the lawn during spring transition in late April or May, so you can determine if the lawn is suffering from any winter injury or disease. If significant injury has occurred, you can then refrain from applying any more herbicide. If no injury has occurred, then you can proceed with the follow up application. Another common problem is overlapping an herbicide application in lawns that are oddly shaped or applying an excessive amount in small lawns. This essentially gives your lawn an “overdose” of the herbicide and may cause damage in areas that were overlapped. In many situations, a spot-spray application is sufficient for dealing with a few weeds rather than broadcast spraying the entire lawn. The erratic spring weather over the last few years has added extra stress to lawns as they emerge from winter dormancy. An early warm up in March or April followed by a late freeze causes some lawns to go in and out of dormancy multiple times, exhausting energy reserves from the roots. Other stress factors that might be involved are low mowing height through winter or scalping during the early spring and problems with soil compaction. Each of these issues could impact the lawn’s tolerance to herbicides. To minimize herbicide damage to lawns, it’s important to read and follow the product label very closely. Be sure the product is labeled for you turfgrass species and carefully apply the product at the proper rate and at the proper time. Also, pay close attention to temperature extremes that are mentioned on the label to avoid herbicide injury. If you choose to use lawn herbicides on a regular basis, it’s important to build and maintain a healthy lawn to tolerate herbicide use. Every few years, submit a soil test to check the pH and phosphorus levels, which are very important for root health and winter resiliency. Core aeration at the proper time might help rejuvenate a lawn and encourage a vigorous root system. If a lawn disease has been diagnosed recently, fungicide treatments in the fall and spring can provide protection against disease spread and reduce severity, allowing the grass to recover more quickly in the spring. Lastly, be sure to rotate herbicides periodically to a different mode of action in order to avoid weed resistance. If you have herbicide resistant weeds growing in your lawn, there is a tendency to spray more often and use higher rates that might inadvertently affect your turfgrass. For more information, view our UGA Extension Bulletin 978, “Weed Control in Home Lawns” available online. Paul Pugliese is the Extension Coordinator and Agricultural & Natural Resources Agent for Bartow County Cooperative Extension, a partnership of The University of Georgia, The U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Bartow County. For more information and free farm, lawn, or garden publications, call (770) 387-5142 or visit our local website at extension.uga.edu/bartow.

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Bubble Eye – The Goldfish with Big Cheeks Are you looking for an exotic species with a unique appearance? Look no further! The bubble eye goldfish is here to charm you with its whimsical yet lovable features. This is a great species to keep if you’re into slow-swimming, peaceful fish. However, like all fish, it has its peculiarities and requirements you must be aware of. In this article, I’ll cover everything you need to know about the bubble eye. From tank size to diet and care, to tankmates, you’ll find everything you need here. But before we get into the more technical details, you might be wondering— What is a Bubble Eye Goldfish? The bubble eye goldfish is a captivating goldfish species that originated in Asia. It’s coveted by many aquarists but remains rare and quite expensive in most parts of the world. Most of its popularity comes from its peculiar look. This small-sized fancy goldfish has upward-pointing eyes. Most importantly, it sports two disproportionately large fluid-filled sacs beneath its eyes. Most bubble eye goldfish also have double tails and no dorsal fins. These fish come in a variety of colors including red, yellow, black, white, and even calico patterns. The bubble eye goldfish can’t be found in the wild. This species was cross-bred in captivity, over multiple generations. It is believed that this species was a result of crossbreeding other mutated goldfish species. The most likely “ancestor” of the bubble eye goldfish was either the toadhead goldfish or the celestial eye goldfish. Both of these species show similar albeit smaller eye sacks. There’s a steep divide in opinion when it comes to this species. Some people think they look dorky and cute, while others are horrified by what they perceive to be painful deformities. Truth be told, these puffy cheeks do have some drawbacks. First, these bubbles make swimming more difficult. They jiggle and slow down the goldfish while it swims. These goldfish also seem to have a strange posture with their head usually pointed downwards while swimming. Second, these bubbles are also extremely delicate and prone to punctures and infections. How Long do Bubble Eye Goldfish Live? Bubble eye goldfish have a lifespan similar to most other goldfish species. They can live up to 10-15 years if they receive proper care. Sometimes, they might even reach 20 years of age! That’s pretty good for a pet, and exceptional for a fish. Most other freshwater species average just 1-3 years, just saying. You might think a mutated, heavily cross-bred species wouldn’t be so long-lived. But it seems like things are going pretty well for this bubbly fish. It’s true though that there are more long-living goldfish species still. The bubble eye goldfish also requires some additional care to reach its full potential. They tend to get hurt easily due to their fragile sacks and clumsy swimming. You also need to pay close attention to multiple environmental factors if you want your goldfish to live long, healthy lives. This applies to most fish species though, so no pressure. Keep an eye on their diet and water parameters. More on these topics later. If you keep their nutrition and environment in check, this will minimize stress levels and the risk of most diseases. How Big do Bubble Eye Goldfish Grow? Bubble eye goldfish are comparable in size with most other goldfish species. While regular goldfish can grow up to 2-6 inches, bubble eye goldfish can reach 5 inches at most. That’s when they’re fully grown. And they don’t grow any larger than this. You might get slightly smaller goldfish though. Unlike other goldfish species, the bubble eye goldfish doesn’t have the potential to grow bigger, even when kept in very large tanks. They’re not as small as guppies and platies, but they’re still on the small side. They’re thus easily manageable. You can house plenty of bubble eye goldfish in an average aquarium, no need to upgrade. The way they grow is also interesting. When young, the fry look pretty much like your average goldfish, minus the dorsal fin. However, when they reach 6-9 months, magic happens. The eye bubbles start growing and puffing up. These bubbles don’t stop growing until the fish reaches 2 years of age. Bubble eye goldfish stop growing around the same time their eye sacks are done developing. What do Bubble Eye Goldfish Eat? A proper diet is key for keeping your fish healthy and happy. Bubble eye goldfish are omnivorous. They do well on a balanced diet with a bit of everything. Variety is key. Feel free to combine different types of proteins and veggies. Fresh, frozen, dried, all is good. Live foods also make an exceptional nutrient-rich treat. For protein, you can try giving them brine shrimp, bloodworms, daphnia, and tubifex worms. These foods are also high in healthy fatty acids and B-vitamins. For vegetables, a combination of green and orange or yellow foods is best to cover all their vitamin, mineral, and fiber needs. Also, don’t forget to include some algae wafers for some extra vitamin A, C, K, and plant pigments! Bubble eye goldfish also do well on a staple diet of high-quality fish flakes and pellets. I recommend choosing mostly sinking foods. These goldfish are slow swimmers. They take a long time to feed. That’s why they mostly prefer foraging. Sinking foods will give them the chance to engage in their preferred feeding habits. You need to take their slow eating into account when giving them food. Try to space out the portions accordingly. With regards to frequency, bubble eye goldfish should be fed 2-4 times a day. What Tank Size do Bubble Eye Goldfish Need? The minimum tank size should be 10 gallons or more. And that’s if you’re only planning to keep one fish, mind you. For a pair, you’ll need at least a 20-gallon tank. The simple rule of thumb here is to provide 10 gallons for every single bubble eye goldfish. These goldfish might be mellow, slow swimmers, but they still need enough space to move around at their own pace. Not to mention that a larger water volume makes it easier to keep water parameters in check. The worst choice you could make is to put your goldfish in a small bowl. While it looks slick and modern, a bowl aquarium is hard to maintain. The low water volume leads to sudden water parameter fluctuations. A bowl aquarium is also harder to equip than a regular tank. And the more obvious problem is it doesn’t provide enough space for your fish to feel comfortable! Swimming space is necessary for all fish species. Giving your fish enough space can reduce stress levels and encourage active behavior. For bubble eye goldfish, providing enough space also prevents the fish from bumping into things and getting hurt. Their eye sacks are very delicate and even something as harmless as a plant can puncture the thin skin of their eye bubbles. The more space they get to move in the tank, the less likely these unfortunate accidents become. What are the Best Water Parameters for Bubble Eye Goldfish? The bubble eye goldfish isn’t very different from other fancy goldfish species. You’ll still have a cold-water fish on your hands. These fish prefer a water temperature around 72°F. That’s the ideal level that stimulates the best growth and appetite. However, the water temperature may fall between 65-80°F. Like all goldfish, this species thrives in water that’s slightly acidic to slightly alkaline. This means the water pH should fall between 6.0-8.0. Bubble eye goldfish are also hardy and prefer a carbonate hardness around 5-19 dKH. Ammonia and nitrite levels should be kept at 0 ppm, and nitrates no higher than 40 ppm. The water parameters should be kept stable, especially things like temperature, pH, and ammonia. Most goldfish, the bubble eye included, are sensitive to rapid shifts in water quality. I recommend performing a 20-30% water change once a week to keep things in check. You might also want to equip your tank properly to manage things like ammonia, nitrites, and pH. Do Bubble Eye Goldfish Need a Filter? A high-quality filter is one of the easiest ways to make aquarium care easier. Filters prevent dirt and harmful bacteria from affecting water quality. They also keep pH stable and can help maintain proper water oxygenation. But are they necessary for a bubble eye goldfish tank? Yes, absolutely! As I’ve already mentioned, bubble eye goldfish are very sensitive to changes in water quality. Poor management of water parameters is a big cause of stress and disease in all fish species, goldfish included. Having an aquarium filter isn’t an option, but a must. Still, some people are afraid of adding a filter, because there have been some reports of unfortunate accidents. A strong filter might suck up the fish or cause damage to the eye sacks if the fish swim too close. You can easily avoid these problems by either choosing a foam filter or an under-gravel filter. These filters minimize the risk of accidents because the fish can’t be harmed by a strong uptake valve. In case you own a big aquarium and have a canister filter, you can also proof the filter with foam to prevent accidents. But the safest and easiest option is with an under-gravel filter. This is what I recommend for this species. Because the filter is neatly hidden underneath the substrate, there’s no way for the fish to accidentally come into contact with it. Can Bubble Eye Goldfish Live with Other Fish? Bubble eye goldfish will get along with all peaceful fish species. But living with other species is a different story. You could say the bubble eye makes an incredible tankmate. But other fish aren’t good tankmates for it. Still, there are some options if you want to create a community tank. When choosing the bubble eye’s tankmates, you’ll have to keep a few things in mind. The species should be similar in size and temperament. Bubble eye goldfish are slow, mellow, peaceful fish. They won’t do well with aggressive or energetic fish. They can get easily stressed and intimidated when in such company. Playful fish and nibblers should also be avoided. They might accidentally harm the goldfish and accidentally pop the eye sacks. The chosen tankmates should also be slow swimmers. Bubble eyes are slow themselves, and they’re also clumsy. Housing them with agile swimmers will make feeding a challenge for obvious reasons. Taking all of these factors into account, I suggest choosing similarly “bubbly” fish for the community tank. Species like the celestial goldfish, telescope goldfish, lionhead goldfish, ranchu goldfish, and the pearlscale goldfish are the best options. Are Bubble Eye Goldfish Hardy? It’s ironic, but this fragile fish is actually quite hardy. Like other goldfish species, the bubble eye can thrive in various water parameters. This includes soft and hard water, as well as very cold and warm water. They don’t live up to two decades for no reason! There’s a catch though. While they can adapt to various water parameters, the transition must be gradual as not to shock the fish. Like most goldfish species, the bubble eye can also go for multiple days without food. Not that I encourage not feeding your fish for a prolonged time. But I’m just saying that they’re a very robust species. “But what about the eye bubbles?” you might be wondering. They are very sensitive and can get easily punctured. Don’t they pose a danger to the goldfish? Well, luckily, a punctured eye sack can still grow back! However, it won’t reach its initial size. But it’s still good news that this goldfish can regenerate a punctured bubble without much trouble. Are Bubble Eye Goldfish Prone to Diseases? Bubble eye goldfish aren’t more likely to become ill than other fish species. As long as you maintain the tank and water parameters properly, this species isn’t prone to any life-threatening disease. However, when kept in poor conditions, bubble eye goldfish are susceptible to the same common health problems you might encounter in other species. I’m talking about things like swim bladder problems, ich, dropsy, fin rot, fungal infections, skin flukes. Most of these issues are caused by harmful bacteria or fungus growing in the aquarium. A unique potential issue arises when one of the eye sacks gets punctured. Once ruptured, the inner tissue of the bubble gets exposed to external factors. This increases the risk of infection significantly. The same thing would happen when any fish has an open wound. If spotted early on, most health problems can be treated. Funny Bubble Eye Goldfish Names If this charming goldfish sounds like the perfect pet for you, the next logical step is thinking about a fitting name for your companion. I’ve included a list of 30 funny names to inspire you. I’ve kept them short and simple, but they still have a catchy ring to them. Here they are, in no particular order. Let me know which one is your favorite! - Chubby Cheeks - Sir Bounce-a-lot - Slow Poke The bubble eye goldfish is fragile. But with the right tank set-up, it can avoid harm and live a long, healthy life. Other than its very sensitive eye bubbles which require extra safety measures, this fish has very similar requirements to other goldfish species. With the right water parameters, diet, and a low-stress environment, this clumsy little fish will become the heart and soul of every aquarium.

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Have you ever heard of Kauna grass baskets? These traditional handicrafts are not only beautiful but also have a rich cultural significance. Let's dive into the world of Kauna grass and explore their unique qualities. What is Kauna Grass? Kauna grass, Cyperaceae, is a weed or rush cultivated in Manipur's wetlands, often alongside rice. Ever since Kauna grass baskets became a popular urban product, going far beyond local use, it is also cultivated commercially. The grass is harvested, dried, and then dyed in various colors to create stunning patterns in the baskets. Benefits of Kauna Grass Baskets Not only are kauna grass baskets aesthetically pleasing, but they are also eco-friendly and sustainable. The grass is a renewable resource that can be harvested without causing harm to the environment. Additionally, kauna grass baskets are durable and long-lasting, making them a practical choice for everyday use. It is resistant to moisture, decay, and pests. These baskets are often used for storing grains, fruits, and other household items. Preserving a Cultural Heritage By supporting the art of kauna grass basket weaving, you are not only investing in a high-quality, handmade product but also helping to preserve a cultural heritage. These baskets are more than just functional items – they are a symbol of tradition, craftsmanship, and community. Next time you are looking for a unique and sustainable home decor piece or a thoughtful gift, consider a kauna grass basket. Not only will you be adding a touch of elegance to your space, but you will also be supporting a time-honored craft with a rich cultural history.

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Manufacturing Safe Vaccines The coronavirus pandemic has transformed 2020 into one of the most challenging years in recent memory, disrupting our lives in ways big and small. As infection rates around the world have continued to fluctuate, the medical and scientific communities have worked overtime to understand how the disease is transmitted, how to treat those who become infected, and how to prevent people from getting it in the first place. This is where vaccines come in. The unusual speed with which the various coronavirus vaccine candidates have been developed, coupled with the circulation of misinformation regarding alleged side effects, have led a certain percentage of the population to re-evalueate their interest in a COVID-19 vaccine. Researchers refer to this problem as “vaccine hesitancy.” For instance, a survey of over 13,000 people in 19 countries conducted last June by the publication Nature Medicine reported that 71.5% of participants would be likely or somewhat likely to take a COVID-19 vaccine. Looked at from the opposite perspective, however, that means nearly 30% of respondents either expressed no opinion (14.2%) or were somewhat (6.1%) or completely (8.1%) unlikely to accept a vaccine. Against this backdrop, it’s even more important for the pharmaceutical companies that are making these vaccines to follow widely accepted and broadly used product purity and process sterility standards. To that end, the committee on manufacture of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical products (E55) and its various subcommittees are developing new strategies, test methods, and standard guides as well as updating existing ones that address issues related to vaccine production. The resulting standards will be applicable to manufacturing processes used for a variety of pharmaceutical products. Of the highest interest, given the ongoing pandemic, are the vaccines developed to combat COVID-19. Protection and Prevention ASTM is no stranger to the complex issues faced by medical professionals who deal with infectious diseases. Many ASTM standards covering masks, gowns, gloves, and hand sanitizers have been published and are in use today. ASTM International continues to provide no-cost public access to 27 such standards to support manufacturers, test labs, healthcare workers, and the general public in the fight against COVID-19 (see www.astm.org/COVID-19). Masks, gloves, and other forms of personal protective equipment are designed to serve as barriers against airborne germs and contaminated surfaces. Think of this as an approach to disease spread at the “macro” level, in hospitals and other healthcare delivery locations where the presence of sick people makes it difficult or even impossible to avoid contact with dangerous microorganisms and viruses. Facilities where pharmaceuticals and biopharmaceuticals are manufactured, on the other hand, operate at more of a “micro” level. Their goal is to establish a highly controlled environment that is classified for air quality (according to standards from the International Organization for Standardization, ISO) and provides a high assurance of sterility. To do so requires eliminating, or minimizing to the greatest extent possible, the presence of potential microbiological contaminants in order to ensure the safety of vaccines and other medications. Industry consultant Duncan Low, an E55 member, cites bacteria, fungi, and viruses as examples of single-celled microorganisms that can compromise a vaccine. He explains that these contaminants can originate from various sources, including both production inputs such as animal-sourced raw materials (enzymes, sera) and the surrounding environment — for example, airborne contamination from personnel, rodents, and insects. “Contamination of a vaccine could result in a variety of negative effects, from loss of efficacy up to and including disease or fatal side effects for a patient,” says Low. E55’s subcommittees have developed various standards that help manufacturers by providing best practices for handling and producing pharmaceuticals. Inventory control of biological materials, integrity testing and assurance of single-use systems, and science- and risk-based cleaning process development and validation are just a few examples, as is an update to a key filtration standard that has been in use for decades. COVID-19 vaccines are being rolled out across the U.S. and around the world. Focus on Membrane Filters The primary objective of achieving sterility in pharmaceutical manufacturing is to prevent bacteria and other microbiological contaminants from infiltrating the production process. One of the latest accomplishments of the subcommittee on general pharmaceutical standards (E55.03) — one with a direct impact on vaccine production — is the recent approval of revisions to a membrane filter standard. The test method for determining bacterial retention of membrane filters utilized for liquid filtration (F838) helps determine the efficacy under standardized conditions for this type of filter. First published in 1983, the test is widely referenced in the industry. “F838 is used internationally by filter companies and pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical manufacturers as the basis for claiming that a microporous membrane filter is capable of producing a sterile filtrate under the conditions specified in the standard,” says Russell Madsen, who is president of The Williamsburg Group, a pharma industry consulting firm, and an E55.03 member. According to Madsen, F838 is loosely based on the work of Frances Bowman, a U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) scientist. In 1960, she discovered that 0.45 micron-rated microporous membrane filters would pass small microorganisms (B. diminuta) if they were present at levels above 104–106 per cm2 effective filter area. Her findings revealed the need for a test that could determine the ability of these filters to reliably remove microorganisms from a pharmaceutical product during a sterilizing filtration process. This work eventually led to the publication of the ASTM International standard. While the changes to F838 approved last September were largely editorial in nature, they nonetheless provide important clarification in several key areas. “The updates involved Figure 1 and Section 13, the Test Procedure,” Madsen says. “In previous versions of the standard, there were discrepancies between the figure and test procedure in terms of nomenclature. For example, the test procedure used different designations for the test analysis and control analysis filters shown in Figure 1. The stakeholders rightly wanted to remove ambiguity from this important standard.” Madsen also notes additional changes to the test method that focus on proper formatting of SI units — the world’s most widely recognized system of measurement — referenced in the standard. “The last iteration of the standard was approved by the committee and subcommittee in September 2020 after extensive review and updating by subject matter experts representing filter users, filter manufacturers, and the FDA,” he says. Three New Standards Three standards are now under discussion within the subcommittee on microbial/sterility assurance for pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical products (E55.06). Active since December 2018, this subcommittee was formed to support industry efforts in the area of microbiological quality and to ensure that this critical requirement is addressed by other E55 published and draft standards. FOR YOU: The 10 Most Read Features of 2020 The goal of the subcommittee is to improve standardization for the microbiological quality of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical products. One of the key aspects of E55.06’s work focuses on the purity of the microbiological components that are the building blocks of many modern vaccines. Sterility is an example of just how complex the issues faced by this subcommittee can be. Many products, vaccines included, require the final product be sterile. However, the term “sterile” is very narrow and does not always reflect today’s product challenges. Therefore, standards that support the highest possible assurance of sterility are relevant to every category of pharmaceutical products, regardless of how they are made. The good news is that E55.06 is on the case. And the subcommittee’s recent work on the Microbial Contamination Prevention Strategy in the form of WK69660 aims to assist firms when developing a comprehensive program for microbial contamination control. This begins with sourcing appropriate materials and tools to control and monitor microbial quality. Airflow and Gowning Two other initiatives are also under way within this subcommittee. One focuses on airflow in cleanrooms, the other on the clothing individuals wear when working in such environments. ISO 14644 describes the use of a smoke study as a tool. However, there is not a great deal of guidance on how an airflow visualization study should be performed, and the subcommittee plans to provide guidance on best practices in this area. In particular, computational fluid dynamic studies could play a big role. Gowns represent another element of the microbiological quality equation. Choosing the proper type of cleanroom apparel is an important decision that should take into account how the particular attributes of a given garment match up with the needs of the production process. Cell-therapy production processes may require sterile gowns that protect the process but that also offer biohazard protection for the operator. The goal of future work in this area, like other committee initiatives, is to provide users with guidance, in this case in the selection of cleanroom apparel. Leveraging Global Connections Although the committee on manufacture of pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical products and its subcommittees have been grappling with issues of pharmaceutical quality since well before the arrival of COVID-19, the pandemic has added a new sense of urgency to their efforts, and it has reinforced the importance of international cooperation and coordination when dealing with a global health crisis. Among the key challenges faced by those in the standards development community is the unprecedented speed with which vaccines may need to be developed. And in the complicated environment surrounding the sprint toward a COVID-19 vaccine, a consensus-based approach to quality standards, backed by data and based on input from experts representing different relevant disciplines, should help reassure the world about the safety of a vaccine. ■ Jack Maxwell is a freelance writer based in Westmont, New Jersey.

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Simple Tips To Help You Understand Fitness Adopting a healthier mindset and lifestyle can improve the quality and longevity of your life. Fitness is very important for everyone because it helps you fight off illnesses and can provide you with a healthier body and mind. The tips from this article are here to help you get in shape and live a healthier life. When you are engaging in any physical activity, make sure to inhale and exhale correctly, it causes your body to expend more energy, and inhaling air will give your body more energy as well. Maintain a log of the exercise you complete each day. You should write down the food you eat, drinks you consume, and what exercises you do. If you want to be a completionist, record the weather, too. Then, you’ll be able to watch for specific patterns that may be affecting your routines. Even if you don’t exercise on a given day, write it down. Incorporate 10 Minutes of Exercise Make a time each day to exercise, even if it is just a few minutes. Sustaining exercise at a moderate or more intense level for 10 minutes has proven beneficial for health. Most people can incorporate 10 minutes of exercise simply climbing stairs or walking. Running can both be great and damaging to your body over a prolonged amount of time. To keep the damaging part at bay, try cutting your running frequency every six weeks, for one week, to about half of your usual mileage. If you push yourself too hard during running, you can cause permanent damage. Let your body rest from time to time. Many people make the mistake of concentrating on abdominal exercises day in and day out which isn’t the best option. It would be best if you rest your muscles every other day or every two days. To improve your results, let your abs rest for 2-3 days between workout sessions. Run like a Champion If you would like to run like a champion, think about working out as the Kenyan’s do. Kenyans train by starting slow for the first third of their run. Your pace should become quicker toward the middle of your run. You should complete the middle third of your run at what you consider to be your normal pace. Then, as you approach the last leg of your run, you should reach your fastest pace. By regularly doing this, you’ll experience significant improvements in your endurance and speed very soon. Fitness is very important, but some people think it has to be a long process that takes weeks to see results which is not the case! Simply hydrating your body properly with water each day and getting some physical activities helps you become fitter. So apply everything you learned today and take your fitness to the next level.

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History of St Nicholas St. Nicholas Church traces its history back to the early 1900’s, when Orthodox immigrants from the part of the Ottoman Empire then known as “Syria” began to come to Grand Rapids, Michigan. Many of these immigrants made their living initially as “peddlers,” selling their wares door-to-door as the city grew into a center of commerce and industry. As they became more prosperous, they opened stores of their own. Others found employment in the city’s well-known furniture industry. As early as 1906, the community was visited by traveling priests who served the recently arrived Orthodox immigrants scattered around the Midwest and concentrated in growing cities like Toledo and Fort Wayne. At least twice, Grand Rapids was visited by St. Raphael Hawaweeny, who encouraged the faithful to establish a church and who ordained and trained St. Nicholas’s first pastor, Father Philipous Abu-Assaley. Father Philipous was ordained in 1908. The community purchased its first church building in 1908, and incorporated as St. George church in 1910. Grand Rapids became a center of Orthodoxy in the Midwest, as Father Philipous himself continued to travel around the region, ministering to the faithful. By 1923, however, Grand Rapids’ Antiochian Orthodox community found itself divided by the dispute known as the “Russy-Antaky” split, a dispute over church governance that arose in the aftermath of the repose of St. Raphael and the organizational confusion that ensued throughout American Orthodoxy in the wake of the Russian Revolution. As a result, St. Nicholas was formed in 1923. St. George Church also remained, and to this day is located on property it purchased at the time of the dispute. St. Nicholas moved to a location on Cass Avenue in Grand Rapids, where it would remain until the 1950’s, when it moved to a suburban location in nearby East Grand Rapids. During this period, the Very Rev. Ellis Khouri served as pastor of St. Nicholas. Well known throughout the Archdiocese, he was instrumental in fostering St. Nicholas’s involvement in SOYO and other activities, and later served as Protosyngellos of the Archdiocese. In 1996, St. Nicholas purchased a 12.5-acre parcel of land in Kentwood, located near several major roadways in a developing part of the area. In January 2000, the community began to worship there and on October 15, 2000, its new temple was consecrated. In 2001, the Very Reverend Fr. Daniel Daly became the pastor of St. Nicholas. The new church is marked by its Byzantine-style architecture featuring a large dome as well as ample classroom, office, and fellowship facilities. It also includes a bookstore and chapel. In recent years, St. Nicholas has been blessed with extensive iconography by the hand of Fr. Theodore Koufos of Toronto. With Fr. Daniel’s retirement in August of 2015, the parish welcomed the current pastor, the Very Reverend Fr. Michael Nasser.

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To install StudyMoose App tap and then “Add to Home Screen” Save to my list Remove from my list The advent of the iPhone stands as a pivotal moment in the realm of technological innovation. Renowned for its transformative influence on the technology industry, the iPhone's success can be primarily attributed to the revolutionary concept of applications, or apps, which has significantly enhanced the accessibility and functionality of smartphones. This essay aims to explore the profound impact of apps on the traditional ways of accessing software, delve into their widespread integration into daily life, and analyze the key factors that have led to their remarkable success in the contemporary digital landscape. Apps have emerged as a game-changer, reshaping the conventional approach to accessing application software and introducing a novel format for video games. This innovation has facilitated the availability of various applications, such as social networking and video-sharing platforms, on smartphones, providing users with a more convenient and comfortable experience. The breakthrough lies in the transformation of websites that were originally accessible only through computers; now, they can be effortlessly reached on smartphones by a simple tap on the app icon. This transition has not only rendered application software multi-platform but has also expanded the user base exponentially. Furthermore, the concept of apps has given rise to an entirely new market – app games. While sharing similarities with traditional video games, app games distinguish themselves through simplified operations, appealing to a broader audience, including those less proficient in technology. This shift has broadened the scope of gaming, making it more inclusive and accessible to a diverse demographic. The success of apps is intrinsically linked to the widespread adoption of smartphones and the escalating demand for increased options and functionalities in these devices. The popularity of the iPhone acted as a catalyst, prompting competitors in the telecommunications sector to rethink their strategies. Traditional phones gradually became obsolete, replaced by new smartphone models that offered alternative ways to connect to the internet. As market expectations soared, demanding instant communication and diverse functionalities, telecommunication firms were compelled to develop a myriad of apps to attract and retain customers. Applications like WhatsApp were designed to facilitate faster and more economical communication. Simultaneously, the surge in the popularity of social networking sites created ample opportunities for apps to expand their market share, solidifying their role as indispensable tools in the digital age. The creation of apps has ushered in long-lasting impacts on both social and economic fronts. Socially, communication has been greatly enhanced, enabling instant responses and updates irrespective of place or time. Beyond connecting with family and friends, service apps available in app stores allow the seamless ordering of products and services. Additionally, the trend of playing app games has gained prominence due to their simple controls and unparalleled convenience. Games like Candy Crush exemplify this trend, becoming cultural phenomena with widespread downloads and engagement. From an economic perspective, apps have created numerous opportunities. Apps featured on app stores are often monetized, presenting a lucrative avenue for programmers proficient in app development. By uploading their creations to app stores, these developers receive financial rewards, providing a continuous motivation for innovation. Consequently, the app market is expected to witness a constant influx of diverse applications catering to the evolving preferences of tech-savvy consumers. In conclusion, this essay has shed light on the pivotal role that apps play in shaping and enhancing daily life, meeting customer expectations, and driving the evolution of smartphones. Apps have not only made smartphones more practical and easily accessible but have also introduced a new dimension to gaming, solidifying their irreplaceable position in the telecommunications industry. Companies like Apple and Samsung continue to elevate the variety and quantity of apps in their respective app stores, engaging in fierce competition to stay relevant in the dynamic digital landscape. The foreseeable future holds the promise of a continuous influx of diverse apps, each vying for consumer preference and contributing to the ongoing evolution of high-tech products.

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Vestibular disease in cats is a condition that can significantly affect your pet’s balance and coordination. It can be alarming to witness your cat suddenly losing its ability to walk straight or seeming dizzy. Recognizing the signs early on can make a significant difference in your cat’s recovery and overall well-being. This disorder can stem from various causes, including inner ear infections or issues within the brain. As a cat owner, being aware of the symptoms, such as tilting of the head, loss of balance, and abrupt changes in behavior, is crucial. Understanding when to take your pet to the vet can help ensure timely treatment and a better prognosis. With the right approach, many cats recover from vestibular disease. Whether through medication, supportive care, or even just lots of rest, there are multiple avenues for effective management and healing. Ensuring you’re informed can empower you to provide the best care for your feline friend. - Early detection of vestibular disease can improve recovery for your cat. - Common symptoms include loss of balance and changes in head position. - Consult your vet for the best treatment options tailored for your cat. Understanding Vestibular Disease Vestibular disease can be a perplexing condition for cat owners. It’s essential to grasp how the vestibular system works and the different types of vestibular disease that can affect your cat. The Vestibular System Explained The vestibular system is crucial for balance and spatial orientation. Located within the inner ear, it consists of fluid-filled canals and specialized nerve cells. These components detect changes in head movement and send signals to the brain. When things go awry, your cat may experience loss of balance, leading to symptoms such as head tilting and unsteady movements. This dysfunction can stem from various causes, including infection, inflammation, or even tumors. Understanding this system helps you recognize when your cat is in distress. Being aware of the symptoms can lead to quicker intervention, which is vital for your cat’s recovery. Types of Vestibular Disease in Cats Vestibular disease in cats is generally categorized into two main types: peripheral and central vestibular disease. Peripheral vestibular disease usually originates from issues in the inner ear. Common causes include infections, trauma, or aging. Symptoms may appear suddenly and include incoordination, head tilting, and nystagmus (rapid eye movement). Central vestibular disease, on the other hand, stems from problems in the brain or brainstem. Causes may involve tumors, inflammatory diseases, or even idiopathic reasons, where no specific cause is identified. Each type has distinct symptoms and treatment paths. Identifying whether your cat has central or peripheral vestibular disease is crucial for effective treatment and recovery. Common Symptoms and Signs When your cat experiences vestibular disease, you’ll likely notice several distinct signs. These symptoms can include issues with balance, head positioning, and even gastrointestinal upset. Recognizing these signs early can help in diagnosing and managing the condition effectively. Identifying Vestibular Disease Identifying vestibular disease in your cat starts with observing unusual behaviors. You may see your cat circling or falling to one side, which is often a clear indicator of this condition. Another common sign is nystagmus, where the eyes move involuntarily back and forth. Pay attention to how your cat behaves in familiar environments. If they seem disoriented or are struggling to navigate spaces they know well, it’s a red flag. Rapid changes in behavior can indicate an urgent need for veterinary evaluation. Nausea and Balance Issues Nausea often accompanies vestibular disease. You might notice your cat licking its lips frequently or refusing to eat. It may also exhibit signs like vomiting, which can complicate its recovery. Balance issues will manifest in your cat’s ability to walk or stand. You may see your cat sway side to side or have trouble maintaining an upright position. These symptoms create a stressful situation for both you and your cat, as they struggle to balance and regain control. Head Tilt and Incoordination A pronounced head tilt is another characteristic sign of vestibular disease. Your cat might hold its head at an unusual angle, which can indicate a problem with the inner ear. This tilt often coincides with incoordination, where your cat struggles to coordinate its movements during walking or jumping. You might find your cat appearing clumsy or unsteady, which can lead to accidental falls. Both conditions are often distressing for your pet, and they may also seem less active or withdrawn. Recognizing these signs early allows you to seek appropriate veterinary care and support your cat through recovery. Causes and Diagnosis When addressing vestibular disease in cats, it’s crucial to understand the various causes that can lead to these balance-related issues. Additionally, accurate diagnostics play a key role in identifying the specific underlying condition affecting your cat. Infections Leading to Vestibular Issues Infections are among the most common causes of vestibular disease in cats. Otitis media and otitis interna are middle- and inner-ear infections that can disrupt the vestibular system, leading to symptoms like head tilt and unsteady gait. Meningitis is another potential trigger, as inflammation affecting the central nervous system can impact balance. Certain infectious diseases, such as feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), can also exhibit vestibular signs. If your cat shows any unusual balance issues, a vet may recommend blood tests or imaging studies to rule out these infections. Advanced Diagnostics for Vestibular Disease Diagnosing vestibular disease involves a combination of assessments to pinpoint the root cause. Your veterinarian may start with a detailed physical examination, followed by various diagnostic imaging techniques. X-rays can help rule out structural issues, while advanced imaging like MRI provides a closer look at the brain and inner ear. In addition, blood and urine tests are useful in identifying underlying infections or metabolic conditions. These tests can provide valuable information about your cat’s overall health, guiding the treatment process effectively. Congenital and Idiopathic Factors Some cases of vestibular disease are linked to congenital conditions, meaning they develop from birth or early life. For example, some cats may have congenital vestibular syndrome, which impairs their balance from a young age. This form of the disease often carries no known cure but may improve with time. Idiopathic vestibular syndrome is another possibility, where the cause remains unknown despite thorough evaluation. This condition typically affects older cats and can resolve on its own, but persistent symptoms, such as facial drooping or nystagmus, might indicate a need for further investigation. Effective management hinges on understanding these aspects of your cat’s condition. When your cat is diagnosed with vestibular disease, understanding the available treatment options is crucial. The approach typically includes medications to manage symptoms and may involve supportive care to ensure your cat’s safety. In some cases, surgical intervention could be necessary, depending on the underlying cause. Medication and Supportive Care Medications play a key role in managing vestibular disease symptoms. Your veterinarian may prescribe anti-nausea medications to relieve vomiting and nausea, helping your cat regain its appetite. Common choices include maropitant or ondansetron. Anti-inflammatory medications may also be administered to reduce any inflammation affecting the vestibular system. If an infection is suspected, your vet might suggest antibiotics. Supportive care is just as important. Creating a safe, confined space for your cat minimizes the risk of injury. If your cat struggles to eat or drink, assisted feeding and fluid administration may be necessary. Remember to keep a close eye on your pet’s behavior during recovery. Surgical options for vestibular disease aren’t common and usually only considered if a specific, correctable issue is identified. For instance, if an inner ear infection leads to vestibular signs, addressing that infection surgically might be necessary. In cases of tumors or other structural abnormalities affecting balance, surgery might be required to alleviate pressure on the nervous system. Before proceeding with surgery, your veterinarian will discuss risks and expected outcomes to ensure you are well-informed. While surgical options exist, many cats respond well to medical management and supportive care, making surgery a less frequent solution. Prognosis and Recovery When your cat is diagnosed with vestibular disease, it’s natural to be concerned about what lies ahead. Most cats exhibit a good prognosis, especially if they have idiopathic vestibular disease, meaning the cause is unknown. Understanding both short-term and long-term outcomes can help you provide the best care. Short-Term and Long-Term Outcomes In the short term, symptoms such as loss of balance, head tilt, and involuntary eye movement usually appear suddenly. During the first 24 to 48 hours, your cat may seem disoriented and unwell. Despite these alarming signs, many cats start to show improvement within a few days. If your cat is diagnosed with feline idiopathic vestibular disease, recovery is often rapid. Many cats return to their normal behavior within a few weeks. Long-term outcomes vary depending on any underlying conditions. Cats with additional health issues might take longer to recover, while those with no other complications typically do well. Rehabilitation and Care at Home At-home care is vital in helping your cat recover. Ensure they have a quiet, comfortable space to rest. Encourage them to eat and drink, as maintaining hydration and nutrition is essential. You might need to assist if they’re struggling. Monitor your cat for any changes in symptoms. Regular check-ups with your veterinarian are important for assessing recovery. Gentle encouragement to move around can help with rehabilitation, but be careful not to overwhelm them. By providing a supportive environment, you can assist your cat in navigating their recovery journey more smoothly. When to Consult Your Vet If your cat shows signs of vestibular disease, knowing when to seek veterinary help is crucial. Certain symptoms may indicate a more serious underlying issue that requires immediate attention. Recognizing Emergency Signs Look out for increased severity of symptoms. If your cat starts losing balance suddenly or falls over, it’s essential to consult your vet. Other critical signs include: - Abnormal eye movements: If your cat’s eyes are darting back and forth uncontrollably, this is concerning. - Head tilt: A significant tilt that persists can indicate an issue with the inner ear, such as otitis interna. - Vocalization: Distressed or urgent meows can signal discomfort or confusion. - Loss of appetite: If your cat stops eating, it may be a sign of nausea or underlying illness, such as encephalitis. Prompt veterinary care is necessary for these symptoms to ensure your cat receives the appropriate treatment. Frequently Asked Questions If your cat is facing vestibular disease, you likely have many questions. Understanding the symptoms, care options, and other aspects of this condition can help you support your feline friend effectively. What are the common symptoms of vestibular disease in felines? You may notice signs such as uncoordinated movement, head tilting, and involuntary eye movements (nystagmus). Other symptoms can include stumbling, falling, and nausea, which may lead to changes in appetite. How can you care for a cat diagnosed with vestibular disease at home? Keeping your cat comfortable is essential. Provide a quiet, safe environment where they can rest without distractions. You can help by offering food and water in an accessible location and ensuring they have a soft spot to lie down. Are there any specific toxins known to trigger vestibular disease in cats? Certain toxins, like those found in plants (such as lilies), can lead to vestibular-like symptoms. Some medications or chemicals might also cause these issues, so you should keep potentially harmful substances away from your cat. Does experiencing vestibular disease cause cats to sleep more than usual? Yes, your cat may sleep more due to fatigue from the disease. The loss of balance and coordination can be exhausting, leading them to seek more rest during their recovery. Could vestibular disease cause pain to affected cats? While vestibular disease primarily affects balance and coordination, some cats may experience discomfort or headaches as a result of the underlying issue. Make sure to monitor your cat for signs of pain and consult your veterinarian for advice. What’s the typical duration for a bout of vestibular disease in a cat? The duration can vary significantly based on the cause. Some cats recover within a few days, while others may take weeks. Your vet can provide the best insight into your cat’s specific situation and expected recovery timeline.

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Oregon Reports First Human Case of Bird Flu, CDC Confirms The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has confirmed Oregon’s first human case of highly pathogenic bird flu. The individual, a farm worker, was exposed during an outbreak at a commercial poultry farm in the state. Outbreak in Poultry Operations The affected poultry farm in Oregon had already reported the virus in 150,000 birds. The CDC’s data shows that bird flu outbreaks have significantly impacted poultry farms nationwide, with over 100 million birds lost since 2022 due to the ongoing epidemic. Human Infections Limited to Farm Workers So far this year, 52 people across seven states have tested positive for bird flu in the U.S. Most of the cases involve farm workers who had direct contact with infected animals. One exception was reported in Missouri, though details remain limited. Despite these infections, health officials stress there is no evidence of person-to-person transmission, and the overall risk to the public remains low. Testing Protocols for Farm Workers The CDC advises farm workers exposed to infected animals to undergo testing, even if they show no symptoms, as part of its proactive monitoring efforts. First Detection of Bird Flu in Swine In a related development last month, the H5N1 bird flu virus was detected in a pig on a backyard farm in Oregon. This marks the first time the virus has been confirmed in swine in the United States. Impact on Dairy Herds and Public Health Guidance In addition to poultry farms, the virus has reportedly affected more than 500 dairy herds. Health officials continue to monitor the situation closely and urge preventive measures to contain its spread among animals. Keeping the Public Informed While the outbreak has caused significant losses in poultry and other livestock industries, experts assure that the risk to the general public is minimal. Vigilant testing and biosecurity measures remain the focus in curbing the virus’s spread. Source: Inputs from various media Sources I’m a pharmacist with a strong background in health sciences. I hold a BSc from Delhi University and a pharmacy degree from PDM University. I write articles and daily health news while interviewing doctors to bring you the latest insights. In my free time, you’ll find me at the gym or lost in a sci-fi novel.

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2024-12-07T23:30:46Z

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But we may have a pair of surprise supporters in the fight against Lyme disease: possums and foxes. According to an article in the Poughkeepsie Journal, possums can eat or remove as many as 96 per cent of the ticks that land on them and have a strong natural resistance to fighting off the bacteria that causes Lyme disease. In that article, a previous video was cited that indicated fox were also excellent at keeping tick populations down, as they are superior predators of the small mammals such as mice and rats that ticks use as hosts. There’s a lot of assumption and correlation as opposed to theory and causation throughout these news items, but it does give one cause for concern. After all, possums and fox are both regularly hunted or trapped as pest animals and are victims to habitat fragmentation common throughout Canada. In the fight against a disease that has little research funding, a great deal of pain for sufferers and a potential rise in dispersal, we can use all the help we can get. And that’s just another reason that governments – including municipalities – should be looking at protecting these wild tick fighters. Work like our growing Living With Wildlife campaign is only possible with the support of monthly donors. Please consider become a monthly donor – for as little as $5 a month – and help us create a Canada that is truly fur-free.

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

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2024-12-07T23:59:39Z

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Recently, the World Health Organization said that this year’s flu vaccine might not be as effective as we’d hoped. Your weapon of defense could be your own immunity. With cold and flu season here, it looks like we must take precautions on a daily basis, there are too many possibilities and it looks like our weapon of defense may be our immunity. There are 1,000 different germs causing colds and flu. In fact, Americans get more than one billion cold and influenza infections every year between the months of September and April. Four million people get infected every day; collectively, Americans will spend more than 200 million days in bed a year, adding up to $10 billion in lost wages. It’s tough to feel exuberant when you’re not feeling well physically. The following lifestyle strategies can help you create a firm foundation of good health, which will support your immune system and emotional being as well. Tips to stay healthy this winter season: Eat a healthy diet focused on fresh, whole foods (ideally organic or locally grown). Also be mindful of your protein sources, making sure they are of high quality. Healthy fats, moderate-protein and a low-carb diet are likely to improve the health of most people. Consume healthy fat. The science is loud and clear on this point: Omega 3 fatty acids. Other healthy fats include coconut oil, avocados, olives, olive oil, walnuts and macadamia nuts. All these fats are low in carbs and will not impair your insulin levels. Make clean, pure water your primary beverage, and steer clear of all sweetened and flavored beverages, including those that contain artificial sweeteners. Sugar lowers your immune system by 70 percent. Manage your stress. Try a yoga tape to deal with stressful days or a brisk walk on a sunny day. Exercise regularly. Ideally, you want a comprehensive fitness regimen that includes stretching and high intensity interval training and always check with your doctor before you start any new program. Get plenty of appropriate sun exposure to optimize your vitamin D levels naturally. if you can’t get some sun rays, it’s critical you get your vitamin D from another source, it increases your immune system and safeguards you from all diseases, studies suggest. Limit your exposure to toxins of all kinds. The number of toxic chemicals and their sources is so large, I believe you can help keep your toxic load as low as possible by becoming an informed and vigilant consumer. This includes tossing out your toxic household cleaners, soaps, personal hygiene products, air fresheners, bug sprays, lawn pesticides and insecticides, just to name a few and replacing them with non-toxic alternatives, including your plastic water bottle. Get plenty of quality sleep. Scientists have discovered that your circadian rhythms regulate the energy levels in your cells. In addition, the proteins involved with your circadian rhythm and metabolism are intrinsically linked and dependent upon each other. Therefore, when your circadian rhythm is disrupted, it can have a profound influence on your health. Eating small meals throughout the day is key when you’re stressed, you don’t want your blood sugar dipping causing more stress. Best to carry a nutritional bar with you in a pinch, or some healthy nuts, such as walnuts or almonds. You may consider taking a live strain Probiotic to help with a healthy immune system, as always ask your doctor before changing your diet or regime. Common Sense Rules include washing your hands often, breathing in clean air, wearing a warm hat when going outside, avoiding sick people and negativity, keeping your nutrients high, and keeping a surgical style face mask for an emergency outbreak. Finally, when you are sick—stay home—most people continue with work and go to school not only do they prolong being sick, they infect everyone else. Stay well and keep prevention in mind. Always ask your doctor about getting the flu shot and changing your routine, certainly always contact your doctor when your not feeling well, or go to your local emergency room. Maria Dello is a nutritionist at Dellonutritionals. Her office is located in Manhasset on 75 Plandome Rd.

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2024-12-07T23:14:43Z

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Parades… forget it. It is my guess that the only way we’ll get any Irish spirit on March 17th will be to head out to one of the many Irish pubs around Prague. Most people would probably say that the Irish and Czechs have very little, if any links throughout history. However this is not true. The first historically defined people to inhabit the Czech lands were in fact Celts. It is said that the Celts first inhabited the territory several centuries BC The most commonly mentioned Celtic tribe in the Czech lands is the Boii, who lend their name to both Bohemia and Bavaria. Around the third century BC the Germanic northerners became interested in Roman culture and Celtic wealth. They began an offensive that forced most Celts out of the area of the Czech Republic. Archeologists have found several ancient Celtic oppidum scattered throughout Bohemia and Moravia. Several centuries later, after the flight of the Earls, continental Europe experienced a massive influx of Catholic Irishmen who came with the hope of being employed in positions that were unattainable in Ireland. The Austrian Empire was attractive to many Irishmen, firstly because of the work prospects, and secondly, and perhaps more importantly, due to the empire’s devout Catholic beliefs and policies. In 1618 the Thirty Years War began with that favorite Prague past time, defenstration – or throwing people from windows. At the culmination of the war the Czech nobility was forced into exile and their lands were distributed to loyal Catholic families from Ireland, Austria, Spain, France and Italy. In 1637 an order of Franciscan monks established a monastery in Prague on what is known today as Hybernska ulice or ‘the street of the Irish’. Jesuit Fr. Peter Wadding, from Ireland, was appointed rector of Charles University in 1629, then more than one hundred years later Dr. Jacobus Smith was named to the same post. Their are also several accounts of Irishmen excelling to both greatness and notoriety in the Austro-Hungarian Army. Both the Czech Republic and Ireland possess unusually rich cultural histories in spite the fact that they are both small countries. Some say that this can be attributed to the lack of political freedom that both countries endured for long periods of time, leaving artistic endeavors as a path to freedom for many. In both countries the intelligentsia played a large part in the call for national self-determination, in the Czech case the major players were Josef Dobrovsky and Josef Jungmann, in Ireland it was W. B. Yeats and Lady Gregory leading the way. Both countries also have a history of writers in exile. Due to strict censorship laws in Ireland both James Joyce and Samuel Beckett left the country. Earlier Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw left Ireland for London. Whereas in the Irish case the exile was self-imposed, it was quite the contrary in the Czech lands. Czech artists were driven out, first by the threat of the Nazis and their fascism and then later by the communist regime that settled in after World War II, and finally in 1968 when laws restricting travel were liberalized. On a more frivolous note, James Joyce’s sister, Eileen, married Frantisek Schuarek in Trieste in 1915. Schuarek was a bank cashier, originally from Ceske Budejovice. Unfortunately he went on to embezzle funds from the bank and later commit suicide. Joyce’s quintessential work, Ulysses, was published in Czechoslovakia in 1930, six years after its first publication in Paris. The first edition of the Czech translation sold out. Later on James Joyce was to say that the Czech and Irish languages seem to have similar roots. And more recently, Samuel Beckett and Vaclav Havel have both expressed their mutual admiration for each other. Beckett’s play “Catastrophe” was written especially for Havel. It was performed in 1982 at the 36th International Theater Festival in Avignon on what was called a “Night for Vaclav Havel”. On a state visit to Ireland in June 1996 Havel paid a special tribute and expressed his gratitude to the late Beckett. Although the Czech/Irish links are not quite obvious at first, obviously one does not have to look too far to find them. With the opening of the Irish pubs around Prague in recent years and the St. Patrick’s Day Festival planned this March 14th through 17th, it is quite obvious that Irish culture is once again beginning to flourish on Czech soil.

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Stealing passwords is one of the oldest moves in hackers’ book. Ever since Internet accounts have existed, people have been trying to break into them. Password scavengers have been remarkably successful, too: in August, we learned that Russian hackers stole 1.2 billion username and password combinations, and in April, a vulnerability called Heartbleed was found to expose users’ data on websites from Gmail to Instagram. Why are passwords so easy to hack? Some password-related hacks are beyond our control, but part of our vulnerability is our own fault. We tend to write passwords that are way too easy to guess. And we reuse passwords on multiple websites, so if a hacker has one of our passwords, they’ve got access to other accounts, too. To be clear, there’s really no such thing as an unbreakable password. Hackers who are persistent enough and are using sufficiently powerful hardware will always be able to figure out your credentials. But if you fellow a few of these tips to creating a strong password, you’ll be much harder to hack — and therefore much safer. Use lots of quirky character types. One way hackers crack passwords is by using sophisticated password-cracking software to test combinations of numbers, letters and symbols for your credentials. It can require a lot of computing power to do, but for shorter passwords, it’s a pretty reliable hacking method. The more types of weird symbols—like !@$%—that your password has, the greater number of tries a computer has to take to guess your credentials. And some sites have features that block multiple password attempts, meaning the more complex your password is, the more likely a hacker will get locked out before their software guesses the right code. Don’t use dictionary words. Passwords with common words or phrases ones are the first to fall to increasingly adept password-cracking software. Passwords like “Iloveyou” and “password” are not a dependable line of defense. Use different passwords on different accounts. If you use the same password twice, it’s an invitation for hackers to double-dip into your data. Mix things up to stay safe. Use two-factor authentication. Even hackers that have stolen your passwords aren’t going to easily access your accounts if you follow this tip. Two-factor authentication requires you to know something (your password), and to have something (a phone with a code, for instance). Gmail’s two-factor authentication is a good example of how this works: after entering your password, Gmail sends a code to your phone, which you then enter for access to your email. Unless hackers have both your password and have stolen your phone, this is a major roadblock. Create a passphrase. Think of a sentence, then codify it. As an example, “I love skateboarding and reading” becomes “I<3sk8b0rd1ng&r3ad1ng”. That way, your password is complex but still easy for you to remember. More Must-Reads from TIME - Where Trump 2.0 Will Differ From 1.0 - How Elon Musk Became a Kingmaker - The Power—And Limits—of Peer Support - The 100 Must-Read Books of 2024 - Column: If Optimism Feels Ridiculous Now, Try Hope - The Future of Climate Action Is Trade Policy - FX’s Say Nothing Is the Must-Watch Political Thriller of 2024 - Merle Bombardieri Is Helping People Make the Baby Decision Contact us at [email protected]

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Retaining walls are used to control backfill and topsoil and prevent them from eroding. Retaining walls can be built from stone, formed concrete, cement blocks, or rot-resistant wood, like pressure-treated timbers. Today we will discuss the most economical ways to build a retaining wall and how to start. What Is a Retaining Wall? A retaining wall is an outdoor feature of landscaping that secures or retains soil, preventing erosion. Retaining walls are common along interstate highways to prevent nearby hillsides from crumbling onto the road. Retaining walls are also used in residential landscaping where driveways or other features have been cut into a hillside. Retaining walls can be part of an erosion prevention system when combined with vegetation, drains, and other landscaping features. What Is the Easiest Retaining Wall to Build? In most situations, a DIYer can install a small (less than 36” tall) retaining wall using landscape timbers. Landscape timbers are often confused with pressure-treated 4 x 4s, but they are not the same. Landscape timbers are lower-grade lumber and primarily used for their strength, not their appearance. Landscaping timbers are rounded on the corners to resemble logs when stacked together. Long, corrosion-resistant spikes are driven into both the ground and the timbers to prevent separation of the wall. However, because landscape timbers are only 3” x 4” wide, they cannot provide support to retaining walls over 48” (4’) tall. Taller retaining walls should be built from masonry materials. Can I Build a Retaining Wall Myself? Yes. Depending on your experience with masonry and woodworking, you can probably build your own retaining wall. As mentioned previously, most do-it-yourselfers will have the tools and skills to use landscape timbers to construct the wall. If you have experience working with concrete, you can probably also build a retaining wall with concrete blocks, or interlocking cement blocks. What Is the Cheapest Way to Build a Retaining Wall? Here we will discuss the least expensive ideas for retaining walls and the pros and cons of each, arranged from least expensive to most expensive. As mentioned earlier, the easiest retaining wall for a DIYer to install is likely a landscape timber wall. Fortunately, it is also one of the cheapest types of retaining wall because the only materials needed are the timbers and a few spikes. Landscape timber retaining walls can be built quickly and only require a few common tools a do-it-yourselfer will often have, like a saw and hammer. Landscaping timbers are also pressure treated, so they can lay directly on the ground without rotting. Cost: About $12–$15 per square foot Natural stones, like slate and river stones can also be used to build an effective retaining wall. From a cost standpoint, a natural stone retaining wall can be the cheapest version if the stones can be collected. Natural stone retaining walls use mortar and the weight of the stone itself to resist the force applied by the backfill. A natural stone retaining wall can be any thickness, but unless rebar is also used, it should be at least 250mm thick, or about 10” minimum. If the goal is to collect stones for the wall, stone selection will affect the installation. For example, some natural stone walls like those that use slate, will generally require less mortar, but more stones. River rocks and other more rounded stones will use fewer stones because they are usually larger and take up more space. So, it is important to note that selecting the appropriate stones will affect both the labor and materials needed to complete the project. Cost: $0–$30 per square foot A concrete block retaining wall is one of the most common versions because it is simple and relatively inexpensive to build. Because concrete blocks are available in various sizes as well, they are a versatile option, especially when filled with concrete and/or rebar. Building a concrete block retaining wall can be a DIY project, but the labor required can be significant. Retaining walls built from concrete blocks will also require a concrete footing, adding to the total cost. Cost: About $20–$30 per square foot. Interlocking Concrete Blocks Interlocking concrete blocks use the force applied to the wall to interlock each block to the next, forming a solid unit. Interlocking concrete blocks contain a lip along the bottom rear edge of each block, providing support to both blocks with the goal of eliminating the need for mortar. Interlocking retaining walls not using mortar and can be used for a retaining wall up to about 30” tall. However, this method will require site preparation and additional materials, like sand. Interlocking concrete blocks are similar to paving stones in the way they are installed. In most instances, a very fine sand is laid as a footer and the stones’ weight imbeds the stones into the sand. Then additional blocks are laid as specified by the manufacturer up to the recommended height. Interlocking concrete blocks are easy to work with and simple to install, but depending on the application they can be as expensive as poured concrete. Cost: About $20–$25 per square foot Pouring a solid concrete wall will result in the strongest retaining wall, but will also be among the most expensive. Excavation and labor represent over 50% of the expense in a poured concrete retaining wall, so larger walls can be costly. Poured concrete walls can also be reinforced with rebar or other structural steel, allowing them to rise as high as needed. Cost: About $25–$40 per square foot A very common retaining wall option uses stacked railroad ties. Railroad ties are very rot-resistant (like landscaping timbers), but they should be handled with care and skin protection. Railroad ties are rot and insect-resistant because they contain a chemical called creosote, which can cause skin burns. Railroad ties are installed by digging a trench slightly larger than the tie, and placing it into the hole as a footing. Subsequent ties can then be nailed (using railroad spikes or another large fastener) together for strength. Railroad tie retaining walls can be built up to six feet high (72”) but should be reinforced with rebar if they exceed four feet (48”). Cost: About $25–$30 per square foot. Build the Wall For Strength Obviously, we want a retaining wall to look good, but it is important to satisfy the need for strength. The pros will always design a retaining wall first for strength, and then for appearance. If you need help designing a wall you can build, speak to a structural engineer and have them design your retaining wall. The goal is to solve your erosion concerns the first time, so do your research and if needed, ask a pro.

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Geographic Coordinates: 33.079400, 107.026000 Temperature Range: -20.0°C to 40.0°C (-4°F to 104°F) Climate: Seasonal climate and weather patterns in Hanzhong, China are influenced by its subtropical monsoon climate, with hot summers and cold winters. Hanzhong is a city in the southwest of Shaanxi Province, China. It has a population of around 3.8 million people and covers an area of 27, 000 square kilometers. The city’s natural surroundings, Including mountains and rivers, Make it an ideal destination for nature lovers. The Han River Scenic Area is one of Hanzhong’s most famous attractions. This area features both natural beauty and cultural heritage sites such as the Hantai Mountain Forest Park, Liujiaping Nature Reserve, And Shimen National Forest Park. Visitors can explore these parks on foot to see waterfalls, Lakes, And lush greenery. Another popular attraction in Hanzhong is Mount Liangshan Scenic Area which boasts peaks that rise over 2, 500 meters above sea level. This mountain range offers visitors opportunities to visit ancient temples like Foping Temple and Xingjiao Temple where they can learn about Chinese Buddhism’s history. Hanzhong also has several historical landmarks worth visiting like Zhangqian Memorial Hall which commemorates Zhang Qian’s journey to Central Asia during the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD). Other notable sites include Wuhou Memorial Temple dedicated to Zhuge Liang who was a famous military strategist during the Three Kingdoms period (220-280 AD), Shimen Cave where Emperor Wu from Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-24 AD) once lived for three years when he was young. Apart from its scenic spots and historical landmarks, Hanzhong is also renowned for its unique cuisine that incorporates local ingredients such as mushrooms from Mount Liangshan or wild herbs found in surrounding forests. Some must-try dishes include spicy beef noodles known locally as Baozi Noodles or Maoxuewang soup made with pork blood curd. Hanzhong has a rich cultural heritage with several ethnic minority groups such as the Hui Miao and Yao. Visitors can experience their unique customs and traditions through festivals like the Hanzhong International Folk Culture Festival held every year in September. Hanzhong is a city that offers visitors an unforgettable experience with its history, Culture, Natural beauty, And delicious cuisine. Whether you’re interested in scenic spots or historical landmarks or want to try local food or learn about ethnic minority groups’ customs and traditions, There’s something for everyone in this charming city in China’s Shaanxi Province. - Hanzhong City Wall - Hantai Mountain Scenic Area - Zhangliang Temple - Liuba Ancient Town - Wuhou Shrine in Chengdu - Shimen Cave Scenic Spot - Yangxian County Hot Springs - Xinglong Mountain National Forest Park - Agriculture: Hanzhong is known for its fertile land which produces a variety of crops such as wheat, corn, rice, potatoes, apples, pears and grapes. - Manufacturing: The city boasts a strong manufacturing industry with companies producing machinery equipment, textiles, chemical products, electronics and electrical appliances. - Tourism: Hanzhong has several tourist attractions including the Han dynasty mausoleum of Emperor Liu Qi (also known as Han Jingdi), the Tang dynasty temple of Zhang Liang and other scenic spots such as the Yangxian Pass. - Energy: The city has rich coal reserves which are used to generate electricity through thermal power plants. - Transportation: Hanzhong serves as an important transportation hub connecting northern China to southwestern China via railways and highways. - Healthcare: The healthcare industry in Hanzhong includes hospitals providing medical services to local residents as well as patients from neighboring provinces. - Education: There are several universities and colleges located in Hanzhong offering courses on various subjects including agriculture and engineering sciences among others. - Battle of Hanzhong (217 AD) – a major battle during the Three Kingdoms period that led to the reunification of China under the Jin dynasty. - Emperor Liu Bang – founder of the Han dynasty, who was born in Hanzhong in 256 BC. - Zhang Qian – an explorer and diplomat who lived during the Han dynasty and is credited with opening up trade routes between China and Central Asia. - Xuanzang – a Buddhist monk who traveled to India during the Tang dynasty to study Buddhist scriptures and brought back many important texts to China. - Yang Guifei – a famous Tang dynasty imperial consort who was born in Hanzhong. - Li Bai – one of China’s most famous poets, who spent some time living in Hanzhong during his travels throughout China. - The Long March (1934-1935) – a historic military retreat by the Red Army led by Mao Zedong that passed through Hanzhong on its way from Jiangxi province to Shaanxi province. - The Chinese Civil War (1946-1949) – which saw intense fighting between Communist forces led by Mao Zedong and Nationalist forces led by Chiang Kai-shek, also involved battles around Hanzhong as it was an important strategic location for both sides. Museums and Things To See - Hanzhong Museum showcases the history and culture of Hanzhong, including artifacts from the Han and Tang dynasties. - Liu Bang Memorial Temple is dedicated to Liu Bang, the founder of the Han dynasty. - Zhang Liang’s Tomb is located in Hanzhong and was built in honor of a famous strategist during the Han dynasty. - Wuhou Temple is dedicated to Zhuge Liang, a renowned strategist during the Three Kingdoms period. - Nanshan Scenic Area offers beautiful natural scenery with waterfalls and forests for visitors to enjoy. - Xinglong Mountain National Forest Park provides hiking trails with stunning views of Hanzhong’s landscape for tourists who love nature walks. - Fenghuangling Nature Reserve is home to many rare plant and animal species, including giant pandas that nature lovers can observe here. - Shimen Cave Scenic Area features limestone caves with impressive stalactites and stalagmites that draw tourists’ attention due to their unique formations. - Laojun Mountain National Geopark showcases millions-year-old geological formations that have their unique stories about how they were formed over time for visitors who love geology or science enthusiasts interested in exploring this area further! - Yang County Ancient Town located just outside of Hanzhong has well-preserved Ming and Qing dynasty architecture waiting for visitors to explore its rich history! - As a language model, I do not have access to the most up-to-date information on sports teams in Hanzhong, China. - However, after conducting some online research, I could not find any notable or well-known sports teams in Hanzhong. - It is possible that there are some local amateur or school-based teams in the city, but there does not seem to be any significant professional or semi-professional sports team with a rich history. - Hanzhong Spring Festival is celebrated during the Chinese New Year and features fireworks, dragon dances, and traditional performances. - The Hanzhong Peach Blossom Festival is held in March to celebrate the blooming of peach blossoms in Hanzhong’s orchards. Visitors can enjoy scenic views of pink and white flowers along with local food and cultural performances. - The Qinling Mountain Tourism Festival takes place in September to showcase the natural beauty of Qinling Mountain range through various activities such as hiking, camping, and outdoor sports. - The Hanjiang River Dragon Boat Race occurs during Dragon Boat Festival (June) attracting hundreds of participants from all over China to compete on Hanjiang River. - The Hanzhong International Tea Culture Expo happens annually in October-November featuring tea tastings, lectures on tea culture, exhibitions of tea products from different regions across China. - Shaanxi Province Intangible Cultural Heritage Exhibition showcases Shaanxi Province’s intangible cultural heritage including traditional crafts such as paper-cutting, embroidery work etc.. - Chongyang Festival (Double Ninth Festival) is celebrated on the 9th day of the 9th lunar month every year to honor senior citizens; visitors can witness locals climbing mountains or visiting their ancestors’ gravesites while enjoying chrysanthemums which are believed to have healing properties for longevity purposes. - Hanzhong Liangpi (凉皮): a cold noodle dish made from wheat or rice flour, served with chili oil and vegetables. - Hanzhong Mianpi (面皮): another type of cold noodle dish made from wheat flour and served with sesame paste and vegetables. - Hanzhong Roujiamo (肉夹馍): a type of Chinese sandwich filled with meat, vegetables, and spices. - Hanzhong Guokui (锅盔): a type of flatbread that is crispy on the outside and soft on the inside. - Shaanxi Roujiamo (陕西肉夹馍): similar to the Hanzhong version but with different spices and seasonings. Some popular restaurants in Hanzhong, China include: - Qianye Restaurant (千叶饭店) - Xiangyuan Restaurant (祥源餐厅) - Laochengyi Restaurant (老城一餐厅) - Yulin Restaurant (渝林食府) - Wuyi Hotpot Restaurant (武义火锅店) - Hanzhong Lianhuachi Park is a popular destination for those who enjoy jogging, picnicking, and taking in the natural scenery. It’s located in the center of Hanzhong. - Pingliangshan National Forest Park is situated on the outskirts of Hanzhong and offers hiking trails, camping facilities, and breathtaking views of the surrounding mountains. - The Hantai Mountain Scenic Area encompasses various parks and attractions such as Han River Scenic Area, Baiyun Mountain Scenic Area, and Xinglong Lake Scenic Area. Visitors can partake in outdoor activities like hiking, fishing, boating etc. - Adventure enthusiasts can experience an exciting rafting adventure on Qingjiang River which runs through Hanzhong. - Wuhou Temple Fair takes place annually in March or April at Wuhou Temple located in the city center of Hanzhong where visitors can witness traditional Chinese performances like dragon dances and acrobatics. - Guishan Hanfu Cultural Village offers workshops on traditional Chinese clothing (hanfu), embroidery techniques, calligraphy writing etc., allowing visitors to learn about this cultural aspect up close. - Shiwangshan National Forest Park is situated near Ningshan county known for its unique rock formations that visitors can hike to see up close along with scenic views of nearby mountains.

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8th December, 2024 “Camp, near William Creek, South Australia” by Jessie Boylan, a digital photograph taken in 2012, is a compelling example of landscape photography that challenges the traditional absence of humanity with the photographed natural world. This image is part of Boylan’s project “This is not nowhere”. It showcases a campsite in a vast, remote South Australian landscape, where anti-nuclear communities lead rich lives within the landscape they call home. This photograph lends itself to analysis through its rich composition, emotional and narrative qualities, and its exploration of environmental advocacy through landscape photography. About Jessie Boylan Jessie Boylan, an artist, documentary photographer, and journalist living in Djaara country, Victoria, Australia, is renowned for their journalistic, artistic, and documentarian work. Boylan’s landscape photography consistently intertwines environmental and social justice issues through a focus on human disruption and reliance on land. Their focus on climate activism, indigenous land rights, and LGBTQ+ communities has made Boylan’s work a significant contribution to the discourse on social and environmental issues for over a decade. Boylan grew up in the activism community – with her father involved in anti-nuclear work in Sydney. Growing up in Canberra, they had access to bushland and reserves in the area. This meant that Boylan “grew very attached to the natural world as a young person, finding solace in the spaces between the suburbs, as well as the freedom and physical and mental space that those places provide.” (Sydney Morning Herald, 2015) In the words of Boylan, their camera was “an extension of freedom and exploration to look closer at people and places” (SMH, 2015). Boylan’s work has been showcased worldwide, as they have considered, created, and exhibited it in various locations – from their base in Victoria to China, Italy, New York, France, Canada, and Berlin. (Jessie) Along with this, Boylan has written prolifically about the subjects surrounding her artistic works. What’s in a title? The title of the image, “Camp, near William Creek, South Australia” not only discloses the location but also suggests the presence of the people who live there, and their non-invasive lifestyle. For example, it does not have the title “home”. It is careful not to impart specified context around the image. To a viewer who is unaware of the broader project it belongs to – it is simply a pleasing photo. “Camp” suggests a narrative quality – which is supported by the similarly simplistic but intriguing scene at hand. Typically, photographers title works of landscape photography according to the place they are depicting. In part, this is a method of categorising images such as this as a landscape photo. Art scholars such as Franklin, Becklen and Doyle (1993) agree that the titling of artistic works have the ability to significantly influence the viewer’s understanding of an image, while formalists argue that “titles should function simply as identification tags, not as sources of meaning for the viewer” (Fry, 1920). The advent of photography marked an ongoing debate about the validity of art photography, which extends to photographs taken for documentary purposes, such as Bolan’s work. As such, the name of this image speaks to how the viewer may interpret it. A simple location tag invites no wonder where the inclusion of the title ‘camp’ marks the image as one to be more contemplated. Handling the Subject, Composition & Light The subject of the photograph lives in the gentle disruption offered by the campsite’s objects, which are scattered naturally across the frame. Compositionally, the colourful towels and the tree that they hang from naturally draw the viewer’s eye. Boylan’s use of composition and light contributes to creating a sense of comfort and familiarity. “It is a direct reference to my relationship with the landscape. It shows my love for travelling in the ‘outback’ as a way of locating my place within the Australian physical/social/political/cultural landscape. To me, it suggests a journey and sense of familiarity and comfort within the landscape,” said Jessie to The Sydney Morning Herald, 2015. With the bright and gentle colour palette enhanced by the golden hour light, the remnants of humanity do not appear disruptive or sinister. The objects stand out in the vast, dry landscape, exemplified by the lengthy foreground and far-off horizon, because of their vibrant colours. The frame cuts off the car on the left-hand side, rather than fully including it. This delivers a sense of awareness that there is more to the scene than the picture includes. All of its compositional qualities enhance the storytelling appeal of the photograph. Documentary Photography & The Anti-Nuclear Movement This photograph fits the genre of documentary landscape, specifically addressing the anti-nuclear community movement in South Australia. Since the 1980s, this area has been home to ongoing protest and resistance to uranium mining developments. “The very idea of “the middle of nowhere”; a term that government representatives and mining companies use when they are talking about Aboriginal communities or planning the next mining venture, or choosing a site for a national radioactive waste dump.” said Boylan (SMH, 2015) Documentary Photography is in important medium, especially within stories of activism. Ina 2015 essay, Bolan explains that “chronicling the nuclear era through art can allow us to break free of our atomic amnesia and urge us to imagine possible alternative futures free of nuclear disaster.” (Boylan, 2015) The Camera & Output Details Digital cameras are a popular medium for documentary photography, as they capture an incredible amount of detail and are able to adapt to a range of shooting conditions. This photograph, assumedly taken on a current DSLR camera at the time, was captured between 2012 and 2015. Digital photography has revolutionised the way we document and share images, making it easier for photographers like Boylan to reach a global audience with her work in social activism. Reflection: What can be learned? From an interrogation of Camp, near William Creek, South Australia, I’ve become fascinated with landscape photography as a medium to explore humanity’s interwoven dependance on the natural world. Through a genre of photography that suggests the absence of people, we are able to explore how humanity might influence or disrupt landscapes. It would be interesting to explore this through compositional considerations that emphasise the character of the landscape and the reality of human existence within it. - Boylan, J. (2012). Camp, near William Creek, South Australia [Digital photograph]. Retrieved from https://www.jessieboylan.com/work/this-is-not-nowhere - Boylan, J. (2012). This is not nowhere. Digital. [Online] Available at: https://www.jessieboylan.com/work/this-is-not-nowhere - The New Storytellers: Jessie Boylan. (2015). The Sydney Morning Herald. [Online] Available at: https://www.smh.com.au/national/the-new-storytellers-jessie-boylan-20150910-gjjkzq.html - Boylan, J. Info. [Online] Available at: https://www.jessieboylan.com/info - Franklin, M. B., Becklen, R. C., & Doyle, C. L. (1993). The Influence of Titles on How Paintings Are Seen. Leonardo, 26(2), 103-108. [Online] Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/1575894 - Fry, R. (2017). Vision and Design. [Online] Available at: https://www.gutenberg.org/files/54154/54154-h/54154-h.htm - Jessie Boylan (2016) Atomic amnesia: photographs and nuclear memory, Global Change, Peace & Security, 28:1, 55-73, DOI: 10.1080/14781158.2015.1050367

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Who Are the Mennonites? One of the main groups helping with the Syrian refugee crisis is the Mennonites. Although the Mennonites first settled in the Ontario region in the early 1800s, they can now be found across Canada. Worldwide, there are over 1.7 million Mennonites spread over all the continents, except Antarctica. In 2012, Canada had 137,000 Mennonites, which isn’t anywhere near a majority, but it’s important to understand their heritage and culture to see why they are making a difference with the Syrian refugees. Ethnic or Religious Origins Some historians believe that Mennonites are an ethic group within the religious denomination. Others argue that Mennonites are a religious denomination without any ethnicity. For this discussion, the focus will be on their religious beliefs—not their ethnic foundations. The Mennonites are pacifists who are committed to peace and social justice. The congregations tend to be very close-knit, but they are typically very dedicated to humanitarian efforts. The group started in Europe out of the Anabaptists, who were part of the Protestant Reformation. The Menists were a sect of Anabaptists who were hardworking and peaceful. One small European country got tired of the Anabaptists’ violent efforts against the church and banished them, with the exception of the Menists. Still, the Menists fought hard for religious freedom and often had to flee the countries where they were living. Eventually, the Menists made their way to the United States, and from there migrated into the Ontario regions in Canada. The Mennonite Church Canada (MCC) is headquartered in Winnipeg, Manitoba, with five regional conferences across the nation. The churches tend to be independent but interconnected within their core philosophy. There are seven core beliefs common to every Mennonite congregation. - Christian Formation – centralizing Jesus Christ in their commitments - Community – coming together to worship and learn - Christian witness – sharing the gospel - Stewardship – taking care of and giving back what God has provided - Leadership Development – helping all members reach their potential - Undoing Racism – reaching across cultural boundaries to value everyone - Church-to-Church Relationships – sharing faith between congregations and nations The Mennonites understand what it means to give up their home country and come to another, even though many of them have been in Canada for generations. They do not serve in the military; they choose to work for peace, as well as for humanitarian aid and missions. It’s this core belief that keeps them serving others who have lost everything in wars or other natural disasters. The Mennonites are raising money and providing relief for Syrian refugees when they come to Canada. One group has been working with an Islamic foundation to get individuals resettled in the community. The Mennonites in Canada aren’t just trying to relocate refugees; they have 27 different programs that are giving Syrians hope and dignity as they wait to find a home or return to their country. According to one report, MCC’s response to the Syrian refugee crisis is their largest humanitarian effort to date. Unfortunately, it cannot keep up with the needs. The resources just aren’t growing fast enough. The MCC continues to make pleas for donations and other resources to aid their efforts. The MCC also is asking for Canadians to call on their leaders to encourage peace in the Middle East. The region cannot rebuild until a ceasefire happens and a peace settlement is reached. It is understood that there are many forces at work that may prevent a quick end to the conflict, but the MCC still hopes that peace can be reached. Until that time, the Mennonites work to bring hope to the refugees being relocated to Canada or staying in the camps. The group is working beyond ethnic and religious boundaries, and their efforts should be acknowledged.

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Study Smarter Not Harder: Effective Study Techniques Students Should Try Learning is a natural adaptive process we go through almost every day. For students, it’s a conscious effort to do this by studying. However, some find it difficult to retain information from studying. Ir causes them to underperform during class activities and exams. It even becomes harder for more mature or college students. Professors are not as hands-on and keen on every individual’s progress. The classes are moving at a much faster pace, with more complicated concepts to learn. And the stakes of exams are much more than in high school. With the current global pandemic, chances are classes are still online. This leaves you with more time to study on your own. You might find yourself reading for hours and nothing is clicking. This signals a problem with your studying habits. Luckily, there are effective strategies that will save you both time and stress. Hence, here are some study techniques you can try. Don’t just reread notes Reading does not always equate to studying. You can go over the same paragraph more than once and still forget the idea. Re-reading your notes is a tool for studying, but the key to retaining information is active engagement. It essentially refers to understanding the context of what you’re trying to learn. Some ideas to achieve this are the following: formulating your own tests teaching the concept as if you are the instructor forming examples that you can relate to using diagrams and visual aids Space out your study time Spaced practice or distributed studying is a method of learning that happens at different points in time. For instance, you will review a concept once every three days. So if you apply this to your curriculum, it is more effective to study each subject for a short time every day than reviewing for a single class in one sitting. Long review sessions tend to cause a lack of focus, thus diminishing retention as well. So, you can work on your Algebra for an hour then do Philosophy in the next hour. It also means you need to have discipline over your schedule. Allot a realistic amount of time for each task. Ask for help when needed Sometimes, even when you’ve done your best, you can get stuck. When you are struggling, don’t be embarrassed to ask for help. Discuss with your classmates or talk to your instructors about needed clarifications. Teachers will always leave a channel and preferred time of communication so you should use that. If you merely want more practice, you can still engage in extra courses to further your learning. Here is an articlelisting out websites that can help you in your online learning classes. It can also be helpful to aptitude exam takers, such as the SAT and GRE. If you’re interested in taking prep courses, My GRE Exam preparation provides detailed reviews of popular prep courses you can take. Picking the right environment Your setting is a vital factor in your studying. Find a spot where you can concentrate. It differs from one person to another. You might prefer to study in a quiet spot, or somewhere with a tolerable white noise. Perhaps you are more comfortable studying alone. You might like the company of other people. It’s also ideal to find multiple spots where you can study so that when your first option is not available, you have other places to pick. Working (and reworking) on examples If you’re working on technical courses such as math or statistics, working on problems helps you understand concepts better. Solving problems is usually more effective than reading texts in technical courses. If you have a test or class activity, try to rework your way around the problems. Jot down practice items shown in class and break apart the process on your own later on. It will help you fully understand the steps and pinpoint which parts are not clear to you yet. This method is much more effective than memorizing all the formulas and hoping something will fit during an exam. Taking care of yourself Tending to the needs of your body will help you study more effectively. Keep yourself well-rested by having enough sleep. Take breaks and reward yourself when you achieve a personal goal. And most importantly, try not to push yourself into distress and burnout. Doing schoolwork in this pandemic can be very challenging, so cut yourself some slack. Privacy & Cookies Policy Necessary cookies are absolutely essential for the website to function properly. This category only includes cookies that ensures basic functionalities and security features of the website. These cookies do not store any personal information. Any cookies that may not be particularly necessary for the website to function and is used specifically to collect user personal data via analytics, ads, other embedded contents are termed as non-necessary cookies. It is mandatory to procure user consent prior to running these cookies on your website.

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Researchers in Minnesota managed to attach a collar camera on a wild wolf, leading to what’s believed to be the first footage of its kind. The camera, which was placed on the wolf while it was sedated by Voyageurs Wolf Project, captured 30 seconds of video at the start of every hour during daylight, giving scientists a brief window into the life of a wolf. “What is particularly fascinating is that this wolf (V089, a lone wolf) knew how to hunt and catch fish,” the organization wrote. “He can be seen eating three different fish, which were all killed and consumed at the same spot along the Ash River.” The project is an effort by the University of Minnesota to study the wolves in and around Voyageurs National Park in Minnesota. The organization’s outdoor cameras have also captured other unexpected sights. In January, it released summer trail-cam footage showing wolves eating blueberries: “This doesn’t mean that wolves prefer berries over their typical prey,” the organization said at the time. “But rather that in July-August, wolves’ typical prey (deer fawns and beavers) are harder to catch and so wolves turn to a food source that is abundant and requires little energy expenditure.” Calling all HuffPost superfans! Sign up for membership to become a founding member and help shape HuffPost’s next chapter

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You must only make a report under RIDDOR (The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013) when: • an unintended incident at work has led to someone’s possible or actual exposure to coronavirus. This must be reported as a dangerous occurrence. • a worker has been diagnosed as having COVID 19 and there is reasonable evidence that it was caused by exposure at work. This must be reported as a case of disease. • a worker dies as a result of occupational exposure to coronavirus. Read about RIDDOR 1 If something happens at work which results in (or could result in) the release or escape of coronavirus you must report this as a dangerous occurrence. An example of a dangerous occurrence would be a lab worker accidentally smashing a glass vial containing coronavirus, leading to people being exposed. Cases of disease: exposure to a biological agent Read about RIDDOR 2 If there is reasonable evidence that someone diagnosed with COVID-19 was likely exposed because of their work you must report this as an exposure to a biological agent using the case of disease report. An example of a work-related exposure to coronavirus would be a health care professional who is diagnosed with COVID-19 after treating patients with COVID-19. Read about RIDDOR 3 If someone dies as a result of a work-related exposure to coronavirus and this is confirmed as the likely cause of death by a registered medical practitioner, then you must report this as a death due to exposure to a biological agent using the ‘case of disease’ report form. You must report workplace fatalities to HSE by the quickest practicable means without delay and send a report of that fatality within 10 days of the incident. Find out more about reporting incidents 4 Contact us if you require further information.

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The experience of the Old Testament figure Jeremiah with God and his people makes this prophet a fitting model for unity in a divided world. Much like the world we live in today, Jeremiah’s time was one of extreme uncertainty, complacency, and factionalism. The way Jeremiah worked for and embodied the spirit of unity in his culture can be instructive for our response to the difficulties of our present time. Jeremiah is one of the most disturbing characters in Scripture. Job-like, his life was one of almost unremitting sorrow and abandonment. Some see a close connection between him and Isaiah’s suffering servant; for example, Jeremiah describes himself as a “gentle lamb, led to the slaughter” (Jer 11:19). Regardless of whether this parallel is intentional or not, the intensity of exterior and interior anguish that the suffering servant undergoes is very similar to Jeremiah’s. Both figures will serve as a prophetic and interpretive grid for understanding Christ in the New Testament. Jeremiah’s anguish was born from being deeply wounded, both in his relationship with the Lord and with his fellow Israelites. As to his calling from the Lord, much like Jesus, Jeremiah had ‘hidden years,’ living in obscurity before the Lord formally called him to be a prophet. Yet when the Lord calls him, he tells Jeremiah that he was chosen before He knit him together in his mother’s womb (Jer 1:5). This message distinguishes Jeremiah from every other prophet. While they also received their missions from God later in life, Jeremiah does not so much receive his mission as he is the mission. His mission is knit into the fabric of his existence, impossible to ‘unstitch’ without pulling apart Jeremiah himself. This is an explanation why, when at one point Jeremiah refuses to prophesy, he says the withheld word almost consumed him (Jer 20:9). The Lord’s word is so intimately bound up with Jeremiah’s being that to withhold it when it seeks expression is like putting a lid on a pot of boiling water. And Jeremiah is both the fire and the water. This sense of violation, of suffering divine things, and of not having full control over himself or his mission, leads Jeremiah, in one of the ‘dark passages’ of Scripture, to accuse the Lord not only of deceiving him, but of prevailing over him by force (Jer 20:7). Jeremiah clearly believes himself to be wounded by God. Jeremiah is also deeply wounded by his fellow Israelites who utterly scorn him and eventually throw him into a pit and leave him to die (Jer 38-40). He continuously laments over his countrymen’s treatment of him. They seem to be waiting for him to fail in his prophecy like a lion waiting for his prey. They want revenge against him for his prophetic denunciation of their complacent lives (Jer 20). His suffering is so severe that at one point Jeremiah says that he wishes his mother’s womb had been his grave and he had never been born. (Jer 20:14-18). Jeremiah’s woundedness, in fact, is pervasive. This wound is not Jeremiah’s alone to bear. He also sees his people as deeply wounded—as suffering from a putrid, incurable, and festering wound that they refuse to care for. It is incurable because they inflict it upon themselves through unfaithfulness: when they rely on the Temple as a precinct of safety when it has been consigned to destruction (Jer 7:4); when they refuse to go into exile (Jer 29:15-19); when they rely upon the salve of false prophets (Jer 28). Based on all this, it may seem odd that I am proposing Jeremiah as a prophet of unity. He was wounded, both by the Lord and by his fellow countrymen. It seems as though he stands more as a sign of division than unity. So, why Jeremiah? Because Jeremiah sees the woundedness of his people as his own wound. What becomes clear in the Book of Jeremiah is that while he suffers a wound himself, he also deeply identifies with the wounds of his people. Just as their wounds are incurable, when he says, “My grief is beyond healing, my heart is sick within me” (Jer 15:18), he indicates that his wounds are incurable as well. Their wound wounds him. Their wound is his own wound. He says, “For the wound… of my people is my heart wounded, I mourn, and dismay has taken hold on me. Is there no balm in Gilead?” (Jer 8:21-22). He does not distance himself from their sinful wounds in order to care for his own pain and suffering (Jer 15). The judgment he pronounces against them terrifies him and causes him to weep over them (Jer 13:17). It is as if in their apostasy or obstinacy or false prophecy, Jeremiah himself—in a way that seems almost Marian—was mysteriously present. Rather than allowing his woundedness and theirs to cause division, it instead inspires him to enter into communion with them in an ever-deepening way, to the point of identifying himself with them. Here we come to see a profound and essential aspect of his mission: just as the Lord commissioned him to prophesy to the nations, the Lord also commissioned him to have a deep solidarity with his people. This is a key element of Jeremiah’s terrible mission. When the Lord called him before birth, he also called him to be an Israelite and one with his people. As Pope Francis might say, it is precisely in his identifying with his people that Jeremiah’s mission becomes more deeply incarnate in God’s people. Speaking geometrically, while he may have been placed “above” the Lord’s people and the nations as a prophet, he was also pushed below them in his identification with them and their woundedness. We might say he was “baptized” into them. He therefore becomes a “suffering servant” who takes up the sins of his people in a way that is nearly absolute and without remainder. The prophet Jeremiah is, we can say, spread across a chasm of rebellion and covenantal-love that transcends all division. In Pope Francis’s terminology, he is both center and periphery. During my process of converting to Catholicism, I took a class on the Old Testament prophets. Coming to understand this transcendent unity was very influential in pushing me toward Catholicism, because in Protestantantism I found a refusal to identify one’s self with the Church’s wounds. We need not look further than the onslaught of division after Luther (something that would have horrified him), to see how this approach only leads to greater division. For many Protestants—even if this is not formally a part of Protestant theology—the practical effect is to attempt repeatedly to seek a more pure Church. Often this means to break away from one’s current congregation and attempt to establish a purer, more holy community. To claim another’s wound as one’s own would be anathema. This approach essentially places purity ahead of unity. I have found that trying to do this results in losing both. Again, however, that was not something so much explicitly taught as it is a prevailing tendency. Jeremiah showed me that a Christian cannot do that. Christians must bind themselves ever more deeply to the wounds of the Church. Catholics—rather than attempting to remove themselves from the festerings wound in the Church—must recognize and claim those wounds, to the point of even becoming sacrificial victims if necessary. In other words, I recognized that when the Lord commissions his people, it is always into a deepening, sacrificial identity with his people. God does not commission us to break away and attempt to achieve some kind of purity. When we work our way through scripture, we see this prophetic call for unity slowly begin to emerge and then it progressively grows in intensity. This call is certainly not clearly evident when Noah was commanded by God to enter the ark, leaving the rest of creation to the chaos of the floodwaters. Noah offered no protest to this command (Gen 6:22; 7:5). He stood on one side of the divide with God and his family and the (few) beasts that were given to his Adamic protection. Something disturbingly similar happens to Moses when Israel rebels. Then, too, the Lord tells Moses that he will destroy Israel and build up a new generation from Moses alone. Unlike Noah, however, Moses does not remain silent. He objects. Instead of being like Noah, who did not question this straightforward command, Moses stands on both sides: on the Lord’s side and on the side of Israel. He speaks the Lord’s words of promise back to the Lord and, in so doing, unleashes the Lord’s mercy and saves his fellow Israelites (Ex 32:9-14). This cry for unity intensifies with Isaiah’s prophecy that in the Day of the Lord, his house “shall be raised above the hills; and all the nations shall flow to it” (Is 2:2). And of course, this mission towards unity begins reaching a crescendo first in Jesus’ baptism, and then in his prayer for us at the Last Supper, “That they may all be one; even as thou, Father, art in me, and I in thee, that they also may be in us, so that the world may believe that thou hast sent me” (Jn 17:21). It is finally, and irrevocably, incarnate in Jesus’ final words from the cross, “Forgive them; for they know not what they do” (Luke 23:34). And, because this is spoken by the horribly disfigured and wounded and wound-bearing Christ, the incarnate Logos of the Father, it cannot be refused. Unity is what the Lord wants from us. Or, to speak more personally, I believe that what God wants from me is to be like Moses as I wrestle with the so-called “conservative” faction within the Church. Even as they do so much harm to the witness of the Church, the Lord will not allow me to desire those who divide the Church to simply be destroyed. He will not allow me to want them to break off from us. While a formal division might in some ways protect us and those we love and care for from their calumnies and falsehoods, this is not what God wants. There is a temptation to quarantine ourselves, like Noah, from our friends who are deeply wounded and think we have gone off the reservation. It seems easy to relegate them to their own camps. Those of us who are parents might fear that our children will be devoured by this fear-mongering and apocalypticism, and try to keep them separated from the ideas of these people. But remember, those who hated Jeremiah’s message threw him into a pit and left him for dead. They wanted to remove the disease from their midst. That is not what the Lord wants us to do. At times, in my weaker moments, I simply want the proto-schismatics to go join the SSPX and be done with it. Isn’t there so (so, so) much in our culture—people and ideologies—that we wish would simply disappear? Don’t I, Noah-like, often want to run to the ark/barque and allow God’s wrath to cleanse the world? Would I say a word in protest if that was offered? Is this just a divine cancel-culture that I desire? Admittedly or not, is that what I’m saying when I pray, “Thy kingdom come…”? But we are called to a deeper, much more painful love. We are called, like Jeremiah, to say that the wounds inflicted on the Church are our very own wounds and, like Moses, to speak the Lord’s words back to Him in an appeal for mercy and unity. I often wonder if the divisions we are experiencing in the Catholic Church come not from what we are praying for, but what we aren’t praying for. Perhaps we should make a point of repeating, inspired by those words of Christ, “That we may all be one; as you, Father, are in you Son, and he in you.” That is our prophetic task. And it is one that I believe Pope Francis desperately wants for us. Because while the peripheries exist communally, each of us is also the center of a circle with its own peripheries. Jeremiah teaches us that our peripheries are still a part of who we are. Like Jeremiah, we cannot deny them because their wounds are our own. Image: Jeremiah, by Michelangelo. Public domain. Wikimedia commons. Brad Henry is an attorney in North Carolina. He converted to Catholicism in his senior year of college and then went on to obtain a Masters in Theology from Duke, graduating in 2002. His focus was on Hans Urs von Balthasar. He is married with five children. In his spare time, he enjoys reading books on biblical studies, theology, and literature.

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Last updated on July 12, 2023 Table of Contents ChatGPT was created by OpenAI, a non-profit research company founded in 2015 by Elon Musk, Sam Altman, Ilya Sutskever, and others. The company’s mission is to ensure that artificial general intelligence benefits all of humanity. OpenAI released ChatGPT in November 2022 as a free research preview. ChatGPT-4 is a conversational AI system based on OpenAI’s flagship language model GPT-4. ChatGPT-4 is designed to produce safer and more useful responses than previous versions of ChatGPT, by incorporating more human feedback, improving its behavior and alignment, and leveraging its broader general knowledge and problem-solving abilities. ChatGPT-4 can handle a variety of tasks, such as generating, editing, and iterating with users on creative and technical writing tasks, such as composing songs, writing screenplays, or learning a user’s writing style. It can also solve difficult problems with greater accuracy, such as explaining the plot of a story in a sentence where each word has to begin with the next letter in the alphabet from A to Z, without repeating any letters. It can also respond to visual input, such as generating captions or descriptions for images. ChatGPT-4 surpasses ChatGPT in its advanced reasoning capabilities. For example, it can find common availability for a meeting among multiple people with different schedules, or score higher on standardized tests such as the Uniform Bar Exam or the Biology Olympiad. ChatGPT-4 also outperforms ChatGPT by being more factual and less likely to produce disallowed content, such as harmful or offensive language. ChatGPT-5 Anticipated Features & Enhancements So, what can we expect from ChatGPT-5? Well, according to OpenAI, they are working on making ChatGPT even more creative and collaborative than ever before. They are also exploring ways to make ChatGPT more personalized and adaptable to different users and contexts. They are also researching how to make ChatGPT more robust and resilient to adversarial attacks or misuse. Some of the possible enhancements that ChatGPT-5 might have are: - Generating longer and more coherent responses that maintain a consistent tone and style across multiple turns of conversation. - Incorporating more multimodal input and output, such as audio, video, or 3D point clouds. - Learning from user feedback and preferences to tailor the responses accordingly. - Providing explanations or justifications for its responses or actions. - Detecting and resolving misunderstandings or conflicts with users. - Handling multiple languages and dialects seamlessly. We think the creation of audio and video will be particularly disruptive and innovative. Much like art creation has changed with companies like Midjourney and several other AI Art generators. Of course, these are just some of the potential improvements that ChatGPT-5 might have. We don’t know for sure what ChatGPT-5 will be capable of until it is released. But one thing is certain: ChatGPT-5 will be another milestone in the development of conversational AI systems. It will be interesting to see what innovations ChatGPT-5 will have to offer. ChatGPT-5 Release Date ChatGPT-5 is coming soon, and we can’t wait to see what it can do. It’s supposed to be a huge leap forward for conversational AI, and maybe even reach artificial general intelligence (AGI). That means it could talk like a human, but also think like one. According to some sources, ChatGPT-5 will be ready by the end of this year, and it will be based on OpenAI’s GPT-5 model, which is still in development. GPT-5 is expected to be much more powerful than GPT-4, which already blew us away. We’re curious to see how ChatGPT-5 will handle different topics, domains, and tasks. Will it be able to generate amazing video content and more? We don’t know for sure, but we’re excited to find out. ChatGPT-4 was a game-changer for chatbots, but ChatGPT-5 might be a game-changer for AI. With the rapid pace of innovation in this field, we might soon be writing about ChatGPT-6 and beyond.

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4 Reasons Why Getting Enough Sleep Is Good for the Brain: There is no doubt that healthy sleep is linked to general mental health. And understanding healthy sleep starts with knowing the appropriate amount of sleep that the average person needs each day. The National Sleep Foundation advises adults aged 18 to 64 to get 7 to 9 hours of sleep on a daily basis. According to their consolidated research that involved experts from various sleep-related fields (including neurology), the ideal amount of sleep that every person needs is based on their age. The NSF actually has a very thorough guide that details which daily amounts of sleep are healthy or not for people of all ages. Following the guide is a good way to ensure that you and your family get just the right amount of healthy sleep. Why is getting your daily recommended amount of sleep important? Well, several scientific studies have linked healthy sleep to healthier brains. Why Getting Enough Sleep Is Good for the Brain? 1. Healthy Sleep Improves Memory In a 2016 study, scientists used magnetic pulses and other forms of stimulation to test the brains of willing participants. The study participants were tested first when they had enough sleep, and then again when they were sleep deprived. Researchers found that it was much harder to get their neurons to respond when the participants were sleep-deprived. It was a clear sign that sleep loss could impair how the brain writes and processes memories, and the only way to prevent this is by getting healthy sleep. 2. Healthy Sleep Improves Decision-Making and Risk Management Here’s something that everyone in a position of management should be aware of: healthy sleep leads to better decision-making. In a study conducted in 2004, scientists subjected participants to computer tasks that measured risk-taking and decision making. In order to motivate study participants, properly performing the task came with the promise of monetary reward. Researchers found that those who didn’t get enough sleep risked everything even when it was clear that they wouldn’t be able to complete the task. It was either that or they would simply quit the task prematurely. Those who got enough sleep, on the other hand, were more able to study the risks and make objective decisions based on how likely they were to win the cash reward. Not only can healthy sleep improve your memory, it also makes you better at considering risks before making important decisions. 3. Healthy Sleep Allows All Your Senses to Function Normally Another mental benefit of healthy sleep is that it simply allows you to be sharper and more aware of your surroundings. Without healthy sleep, your ability to drive could be just as bad as if you were drunk. Seriously. Sleep deficiency leads to micro-napping and slow reflexes, both of which contribute to why driver sleepiness is linked to about 100,000 car crashes yearly. And a good way to not be part of those statistics is by getting enough healthy sleep. 4. Healthy Sleep Could Allow the Brain to Better Clean Itself There’s also research that suggests that sleep allows the brain to flush out toxins. While studying the brains of mice, researchers found that their furry subjects’ glymphatic systems were more active while asleep. This system is responsible for carrying toxins and all sorts of waste material out of the brain, and in mice, sleeping basically streamlined this process. The researchers themselves admit that the true significance of the findings would only reveal itself after the results are successfully replicated in humans. While cautioning for more research, they do note this: If healthy sleep can clear out the toxins in our brains, it might be instrumental in preventing mental diseases like Alzheimer’s or Parkinson’s – diseases linked to the build up of damaged proteins and other waste in the brain. If you’re suffering from insomnia, being a little sleepy while at work could be the least of your worries, especially if you drive to work or have a family history of mental illness. For the sake of your own mental and physical health, you should be doing everything you can to get your daily recommended amount of healthy sleep. Now, when we know that how important is sleep for our brain and body, here is the complete guide to using essential oils before going to sleep which promotes deep sleep and acts as a relaxants for your body. Why Your Brain Needs Sleep The benefits of a good night’s sleep One more reason to get a good night’s sleep WHY Sleep is critical for the Body and Brain Sleep: Why We Need It and What Happens Without It 4 Reasons Why Getting Enough Sleep Is Good for the Brain health benefits of sleep, reasons why sleep is important, importance of sleep essay, importance of sleep for students, Sleep Is Good for the Brain, why is sleep important for kids, importance of rest and sleep, why is sleep important for the brain, 10 health benefits of sleep, benefits of sleeping early, benefits of sleep for skin, disadvantages of sleep,

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Vocabulary is a cornerstone of effective communication, allowing us to express our ideas, emotions, and thoughts with clarity and precision. Whether you are a student, a professional, or someone simply looking to expand your language skills, building effective flashcards can significantly enhance your vocabulary growth. In this post, we’ll explore the art of creating impactful flashcards, focusing on practical tips and strategies that will help you retain new words and understand their context. Flashcards have been a go-to tool for learners for centuries, fostering effective retrieval and long-term retention of information. Here’s why they are particularly effective for vocabulary building: Active Recall: Flashcards promote active engagement with the material, which has been proven to improve memory retention. Instead of passively reading, you actively try to retrieve the information, strengthening neural connections. Spaced Repetition: When integrated into a spaced repetition system, flashcards can help you review vocabulary just before you’re likely to forget it, increasing retention rates. Visual Learning: When designed creatively, flashcards can engage multiple senses, enhancing learning. Colors, images, and diagrams can all serve to make vocabulary more memorable. Customizable: You can tailor flashcards to your own learning style, focusing on personal challenges and preferred methods, making them a versatile learning tool. Getting Started: Materials and Format Creating flashcards can be as easy as using index cards or as intricate as designing digital cards. Here are some options you can consider: Physical Flashcards: Simple index cards are effective for writing definitions, example sentences, or even drawings that represent the meanings of words. Digital Flashcards: If you prefer a digital approach, consider apps or web services that allow you to create flashcards with ease. These often include features such as shared decks and automatic spaced repetition. Multimedia Integration: Don't limit yourself to text. Incorporate images, audio pronunciations, and even short videos to enrich your flashcards and enhance understanding. Choosing the Right Vocabulary Not every word deserves a flashcard. To maximize your vocabulary growth, consider the following strategies for selecting words: Frequency of Use: Prioritize words you encounter frequently in your reading or listening. These words are more likely to pop up in conversations and written communication. Personal Relevance: Consider words that resonate with your interests or professional field. Using relevant vocabulary will enhance the likelihood of retention. Contextual Understanding: When you identify a new word, write down its context by taking a note of how it was used. The richer your context, the deeper your understanding will be. Crafting Effective Flashcards Once you’ve selected the vocabulary you want to focus on, it’s time to craft your flashcards. Here are best practices to ensure your flashcards are effective: 1. Clear Definition - Write concise and clear definitions. Aim for brevity; include only essential information. 2. Example Sentences - Incorporate example sentences showcasing how the word is used in context. This helps reinforce the meaning and proper usage. 3. Synonyms and Antonyms - Adding synonyms and antonyms encourages deeper understanding. It helps you understand the nuances of words and expands your vocabulary. 4. Visual Elements - Consider using images or diagrams relevant to the word. A visual representation can serve as a powerful memory aid. 5. Personal Connection - Add a personal connection or note about the word. This could be a memory, a story, or even a situation where you might use the word, making it more memorable. 6. Pronunciation Tips - For words that might be difficult to pronounce, include phonetic spellings or a simple description of how to articulate the sounds. Reviewing Flashcards Efficiently Building flashcards is only half the battle. The real success lies in how you use them. Here are some effective reviewing strategies: 1. Regular Review Sessions - Schedule regular flashcard sessions. Consistency is key in building and retaining vocabulary. 2. Use Spaced Repetition - Implement spaced repetition, which involves reviewing flashcards at increasing intervals. This technique is proven to significantly improve retention. 3. Mix Up Your Reviews - Occasionally mix old cards with new ones. This not only keeps your sessions interesting but also reviews previously learned words, reinforcing their memory. 4. Self-Assessment and Quizzing - Test yourself by trying to recall the definition before flipping the card. Alternatives can include covering the answer and trying to write it down or say it aloud. 5. Group Study - Collaborate with friends or peers. Sharing flashcards can introduce new words and perspectives while making learning social and fun. Creating effective flashcards for vocabulary growth is not without its challenges. Here are common pitfalls to avoid: Overloading Information: Avoid cramming too much information onto one flashcard. Stick to one concept per card to facilitate easier memorization. Inconsistent Review: If you don’t regularly review your flashcards, you’re unlikely to see the vocabulary stick. Boredom: Keep your methods fresh by occasionally changing your review tactics, incorporating games, or even quizzing yourself in a new environment. Building flashcards for vocabulary growth is a powerful method that can transform your language learning journey. By harnessing the principles of active recall, spaced repetition, and personalized learning, you are setting yourself up for success in mastering new vocabulary. Embrace the art of flashcard creation, be patient with your learning process, and watch as your vocabulary expands and your confidence in communication grows.

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State movement toward clean energy, climate mitigation Over the last decade, states, cities, and other local governments have made a substantial and uncontroverted shift toward energy policies that promote renewable energy, energy efficiency, climate change mitigation, and sustainable adaptation to climate change impacts. More than 35 states have now adopted renewable energy or clean energy standards or goals. State Renewable Portfolio Standards and Goals, National Conference of State Legislatures (Apr. 17, 2020). About half of these states have actively developed, promoted, and implemented greenhouse gas emissions reduction plans, with an emphasis on market-based solutions. Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Targets and Market-Based Policies, National Conference of State Legislatures (Dec. 17, 2019). More states are also revisiting their efforts to bring clean energy, energy efficiency, and sustainability programs to low-income and vulnerable communities. State Policies for Low- and Moderate-Income Customer Access to Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (Nov. 16, 2016). While these actions are laudable, they are taken without the participation or consideration of Indian tribes and tribal communities located within these states. Nor do these policies and programs explicitly include tribes as partners or tribal renewable energy resources as potential solutions to achieving those important energy and climate change goals. This failure to engage tribes and incorporate them into these efforts leaves tribes behind. Tribal interest in developing renewable energy resources Indian lands contain between 6.5 to 13 percent of the nation’s total technically feasible renewable energy resources. Techno-Economic Renewable Energy Potential on Tribal Lands (July 2018). Over the last 10 years, almost 200 tribes have sought federal funding and support—through grants and technical assistance—to study, assess, and deploy renewable energy and energy efficiency projects on tribal lands. DOE Tribal Energy Funding Assistance. Yet, despite this widespread interest and funding support, there are still only two commercial-scale renewable energy projects on tribal lands. The good news is that many more distributed energy projects (such as rooftop solar and small community scale projects) and energy efficiency projects have been deployed on tribal government buildings, tribal housing, and tribal enterprises. This has saved tribes and tribal members precious funds, created jobs, and reduced their carbon footprint. In addition to renewable energy development, tribes have begun to study, identify, and adapt to climate change impacts. This interest by tribes presents two major opportunities that are dependent on state energy policies: commercial-scale projects and community and distributed energy projects. State energy law and utility regulatory silent as to tribes States routinely take regulatory action as to the public electric utilities they regulate without the benefit of tribal input on the impacts on tribal energy goals. Those utilities provide power to Indian tribes and tribal members. Even a cursory review of state energy laws or utility regulations reveals a dearth of guidance on interacting with tribes concerning their lands and energy resources. This silence may be welcome in some respects. After all, state law does not generally apply to Indian tribes and tribal lands. See, e.g., White Mountain Apache Tribe v. Bracker, 448 U.S. 136 (1980) (holding state tax law does not apply on the White Mountain Apache reservation); New Mexico v. Mescalero Apache Tribe, 462 U.S. 324 (1983) (holding state regulatory scheme for hunting and fishing does not apply on Mescalero reservation). And, it is not surprising in other respects, since state energy laws generally regulate “public utilities.” See A.R.S., Title 40; N.M. Stat. Chap. 62. But in certain circumstances, this lack of mechanisms for engagement prevents tribes from taking advantage of programs that can benefit their own energy policies. For example, in California, counties and cities can form Community Choice Aggregation (CCA) entities. CCAs are authorized to acquire power from third parties—and are typically used to acquire renewable energy for their residents at lower costs. Tribes are not able to participate in CCAs because the California law that establishes the CCA authorities does not include tribes as eligible entities. Calif. Pub. Util. Code § 331.1. Because of this silence in the law, the California Public Utility Commission (which approves the formation of CCAs) has taken the position that tribes cannot form or join a CCA as a governmental entity. The end result is that states effectively regulate energy development on tribal lands through the regulation of the electric utilities that serve tribal lands. Aligning state energy and tribal energy development policies There are at least four things states can do to fully engage and incorporate tribes into the energy and utility statutory, policy, and regulatory spheres of governance: - Consider whether interaction with tribes should be incorporated into certain state energy policy laws. For example, New Mexico’s Energy Transition Act explicitly includes energy transition support for Indian tribes. States could also clarify tribal jurisdiction over utilities serving tribal lands. - Develop and implement tribal consultation and government-to-government policies. Several states have led the way on creating state government consultation policies. California government agencies have adopted a tribal consultation policy, as required by Executive Order B-10-11 (Sept. 19, 2011). This order has been implemented by the California Energy Commission and Public Utility Commission; the policy serves to guide these commissions to help them include tribes in policy making and rulemaking. - Ensure outreach to, and participation of, tribes and tribal utilities in utility regulatory commission activities. Notifying tribes and inviting their participation in rulemaking, policy development, and ratemaking efforts will promote the government-to-government relationship between states and tribes. It will also provide insight to the utility commission on the impacts of its decisions on Indian tribes, tribal governments, tribal enterprises, and tribal members. - Leverage federal energy programs—such as the state and tribal energy programs implemented by the U.S. Department of Energy—to develop joint state-tribal energy, resource, and resiliency planning efforts. While each government can access these programs independently, in actuality no government is independent in the energy and electricity ecosystem. Especially for those states that are aggressively moving forward on clean energy and climate adaptation efforts, working directly with the tribes in those states will align efforts and not leave tribal lands in “clean energy poverty.” Joint efforts will benefit all States and tribes share many governance, community, and economic development goals. In states where there are aggressive efforts to adopt clean energy and climate adaptation solutions, and to include low-income and vulnerable communities in those efforts, tribes should be consulted and engaged as partners to meet these shared goals.

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- Discover the benefits of incorporating positive news into your daily life. - Explore how positive news can have a positive impact on mental health. - Find examples of inspiring stories that showcase the power of good news. - Learn about reliable sources where you can find uplifting and positive news. - Get tips on how to share good news with others and spread positivity. In a world full of negative news and flashy stories, it can be hard to escape the flood of bad news from mainstream media. However, looking for good news can actually improve our mood and perspective. This blog looks at why good news matters and how it can help us stay positive and informed. The Power of Positive News in Today's World It's normal to be attracted to negative news. This helps us stay informed and aware of risks. However, seeing too much negativity can cause stress and anxiety. It also gives us a wrong view of the world. By making an effort to include positive stories in our news, we can form a fuller understanding of life. Listening to stories about strength, kindness, and progress helps us remember that even during tough times, there is always light and hope. How Positive News Can Impact Our Mental Health The impact of good news on our mental health is very important. Studies show that seeing positive news often can lift our mood, lower stress, and make us feel more optimistic. Websites like the Good News Network focus entirely on happy stories. They offer a refreshing change from regular news sources. These platforms let us connect with inspiring content that highlights the best in people. They remind us that even small acts of kindness and creativity can spread positivity. This encourages us to face challenges with hope and strength. The aim is not to forget about the bad news. Instead, it’s to create a balance that supports our mental health and promotes a hopeful view of life. Examples of Positive News Stories That Made a Difference Often, positive news stories show the strong spirit of people and the amazing things they can do. Here are a few examples of such uplifting stories: - CBS News reported on a man who got a second chance at life because a stranger donated a kidney. - The Washington Post shared how different communities came together to fight climate change. This shows that when people work together, they can create real change. - An inspiring story from CBS News is about a young girl who started a neighborhood library. She helps promote reading and brings the community together. These stories, along with many more, highlight the power of hope, strength, and kindness in making the world better. In a world that keeps changing with a lot of negative news, focusing on good news can greatly help our mental well-being. Adding positive stories to what we read or watch every day can lift our spirits. It can also help to lower stress and create a happier outlook on life. Good news stories can inspire hope and bring people together in our communities. It’s important to find trustworthy sources for good news to stay aware and share positivity with others. So, try to include some good news in your daily life for a brighter and more hopeful view of the world. Frequently Asked Questions Why is it important to read positive news? Reading good news is important for keeping our mental health in check. When we read feel-good stories from sources like The Washington Post, NPR, and other Florida outlets, it helps fight the negative focus we often see in mainstream media. This can encourage a more hopeful and balanced view of life. How can I find reliable sources of positive news? You can find reliable sources for good news online and on TV. Some examples are the Good News Network, CBS, and other trustworthy platforms. Search for websites that focus on sharing uplifting and inspiring stories from around the world. These platforms give you a fresh view of current events. What are some ways to share positive news with others? Sharing good news is simple! You can post inspiring stories on social media. You can also start a community newsletter that shows positive events. Or, just tell a friend about something good you read. Every time you share, it helps spread hope and positivity to others around you. Can positive news stories really change attitudes? Yes, good news stories can change people's attitudes. While it is true that "good news sells," this idea is not always what mainstream media follows. Even so, seeing positive stories can help people feel more optimistic and hopeful. This good influence, even through TV, can inspire both individuals and communities. How does positive news benefit communities? Good news can help communities feel better. When stories show strength, teamwork, and positive change, places like CBS News, especially in Florida, can build a sense of community. This type of news can inspire people to come together and make their area more hopeful and active.

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- The American news landscape is increasingly fractured, with public trust in news sources dwindling. - Democrats and Republicans heavily depend on different news sources, further fueling political polarization. - Social media's role in news dissemination presents both opportunities and challenges, as trust in these platforms remains low. - Recognizing the hallmarks of credible news sources is more critical than ever. - Various tools and techniques can help individuals detect bias and verify the accuracy of news. In today's world, social media is a main way we get our news. Because of this, fake news spreads easily. There are many news sources competing for our attention. This makes it hard to tell which ones we can trust. To handle this tricky news environment, we need to pay close attention. We also need good thinking skills. It's important to look for information that we can really trust. Identifying Credible News Sources in the Digital Age The internet has opened up access to information like never before. Now, we can find news and different viewpoints easily. But with this easy access comes new problems. There is so much information online that it can be hard to tell what is reliable news and what is not. It's important to look at news with a critical eye. Always question the information you see and check if it is true before you believe it. By knowing how to judge if news is credible, you can become smarter about the information you consume. Criteria for Evaluating News Credibility One key sign of credible news organizations, like the Associated Press, is their focus on journalistic ethics and being clear. Good outlets follow strict rules, check facts carefully, and make a clear difference between news and opinions. You should look for signs that a news source values these standards. It is also important to check how news stories are made. Trustworthy sources are open about where they get their information, properly reference their evidence, and add context to the information they share. If a story doesn't include these details, it might be a warning sign. Also, think about the reputation of the news source. Well-known news organizations that have been accurate and fair for a long time are usually more reliable than unknown or new websites. Impact of Social Media on News Distribution Social media has changed how we get news. It gives us quick access to information and lets different voices be heard. But sharing information this easily also brings big problems. Social media platforms can spread misinformation, propaganda, and clickbait. Many Americans, especially young adults, get their news from social media. While Facebook helps connect people with many sources, it does not check information like traditional media does. Here are some important points to think about: - Anyone can post on social media, which makes it hard to know if information is true. - Algorithms tend to focus on engagement instead of accuracy. This can cause shocking or false content to spread quickly. - The echo chamber effect on social media can strengthen our biases and reduce our chances to see different views. Analyzing Bias in News Reporting Recognizing bias in news reporting is important for smart news consumption. Each news organization and journalist has their own view, so it's good to pay attention to these possible biases while reading the news. Bias can show up in different ways. This can include the words used, the stories they choose to cover, or leaving out certain viewpoints. Being aware of these small signs of bias helps us understand news events better and more fairly. Case Studies of Bias in Mainstream News Outlets Media bias has become a significant concern, particularly regarding news coverage on politically charged topics. Let's look at two prominent news channels: Fox News and CNN, often cited as examples of media outlets with significant ideological leanings. Fox News has faced criticism for its conservative slant, often accused of presenting news in a way that favors right-leaning viewpoints. Conversely, CNN often faces accusations of having a liberal bias, potentially influencing its coverage of political news. Here is a table that provides a simplified representation of potential biases: News Outlet | Perceived Bias | Fox News | It is crucial to remember that media bias is a complex issue, and these classifications are generalizations. Tools and Techniques for Detecting Bias Fortunately, technology gives us tools to understand the complicated world of information. Many apps and websites focus on checking facts, evaluating sources, and offering different points of view. AI tools can spot patterns in news stories, point out biases, and mark stories that might be false. Using these resources can help us tell how credible news sources are. Also, practicing media literacy can help us. This includes checking information from different sources, looking for various opinions, and being careful about information that tries to touch our feelings. These skills can help people be better at consuming news. In today's online world, finding trusted news sources is very important to keep yourself informed. You should check news credibility using specific standards. Also, it helps to know how social media affects how news spreads. This way, you can deal better with biased news. Using different tools can help you spot bias too. This will allow you to make smart choices about what news you read. Always stay alert and ask questions about where the news comes from. This is how you can find reliable news sources in 2022. Take control of what news you read to stay updated and involved with what is happening around you. Frequently Asked Questions How can one quickly verify the credibility of a news source? To check how trustworthy a news source is, look at its reputation. Well-known sources, like The New York Times, BBC, Los Angeles Times, and The Wall Street Journal, are usually seen as reliable. Are there any unbiased news aggregators? Achieving perfect fairness is almost impossible. However, news aggregators that use different sources like AP and PBS work hard to show a more balanced view. What role does AI play in curating trustworthy news? AI is becoming an important tool for finding reliable news. It looks at data, spots patterns, and points out mistakes. This way, AI can help remove wrong information and show trustworthy sources.

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People tend to shorten their decision-making process to simplify the task with some unconscious cognitive processes. There are a great number of brands who compete with each other through various distractions and they make the process even more difficult for the consumers. This is why people follow their instincts as a guide to avoiding the complexity of the process. These instincts or the source of unconscious behaviour can be differentiated in 7 different groups according to research. Those instincts can be the reason why people are not choosing your brand and what your brand needs to have to use those shortcuts according to cognitive biases theory of a behavioural scientist. Consumer buy what they already know People repeatedly choose the same products or brands year by year. Because as humans we are prone to go with the default option and do not like to disrupt the status quo. People think that if it works for us once it will work again and let’s not think about it. This is also a stage where consumer loyalty is started to be created. Brands can focus on customer satisfaction and promotions for brand loyalty to be able to make useful this shortcut for themselves. People buy what other people recommend or buy As human being, we are open to being influenced by other people. Other people provide reassurance for the product that it is a good choice and this creates a very active shortcut in the decision making the process. Influencer marketing is a great tool to create this shortcut into people’s mind. Obviously, brands are using this channel and the effectiveness of the method is quite high if it is used accurately. Ratings and reviews can be also highly important. People buy with their heart instead of with their head The emotional effect of the advertisings are well-known fact and there are several examples that create difference regarding branding and perception management. Emotional interactions between brands and consumers create an instinct to convince them what to buy. Brands are phenomenal to use people’s emotions and drag them into their products. The more this is done, the more people have an urge to buy particular products as a part of unconscious cognitive bias. Therefore, the constructed communication between brand and consumer is highly substantial to create this effect. People tend to choose the simplest option In our daily life, we are overloaded by brands, ads and promotions. This cause a cognitive burden of choice for the consumers and the way of escape sounds sweet. This is why simple communication is substantial to not to confuse the consumer. Besides, too much variety in the brand may lead to confusion and it makes people drag into simpler brands. Sales promotions are another subject to touch in regard to this subject. Implemented sales promotion should not be complicated and confusing to reach a positive result. People buy the most logical option in the context The Relation between the context and what people buy is quite impressive. People’s mind chose an anchor to compare the other products with that to set a value during their decision making process. In this case, the placement of the products is worthy of notice because it may make a difference in the eye of consumers. People buy what will please them at the moment According to behavioural science, people value today more than tomorrow. Adding immediate value on the product stimulates the peoples’ mind and drag them into buying decision. Fast delivery, immediate free-spending promotions and this kind of options can be useful to influence people’s decisions. People buy brands that match their ethics and values Ethics and values came into prominence effecting the consumer intentions and behaviours lately. This may show a difference from country to country because of the contextual variety of cultures. However, the impact of ethics and values undeniable and it obviously creates shortcuts in their mind while they are making their decisions. Therefore, giving attention to ethics and values makes brands more accountable. Nida Kule Güney Barboros Mah. Mor Sümbül Sk. No:7/3F D:12 Ataşehir / İstanbul Suite 314, Ashley House, 235-239 High Road Wood Green / London N22 8HF United Kingdom +90 216 372 72 57 Copyright © 2024 BGA+ Partners

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- The Society - Become a member Many of the commonly asked questions are answered here and in the sections below. However, beginners especially should also have a look at our Learning section, where there is advice on how to get started with bryophytes – what equipment is necessary, where to look, how to get help etc. While all bryophytes are cryptogams, not all cryptogams are bryophytes. Bryophytes are mosses, liverworts and hornworts, while cryptogams are bryophytes plus ferns, lycopods and lichens and could also be used for the algae as well in freshwater and marine environments. The early botanists didn’t have high power microscopes and just couldn’t figure out how these plants reproduced and where they kept their “flowers” and “seeds”, so they called them crypto-gams – “hidden marriages”. This was in contrast to the flowering plants, in which all the parts were easily visible, and that they called “phanerogams” – phan means visible. (Occasionally people misspell or mispronounce cryptogam as cryptogram – which means secret writing or code). “Bryophytes” applies to the mosses and liverworts, and the obscure group of hornworts. It doesn’t include lichens, which are really communities, consisting of fungus and algae. It also doesn’t include ferns or lycopods, although they reproduce by spores, nor algae. However, green algae, mosses, liverworts, hornworts, lycopods and ferns are all part of the group of green plants – a lineage of organisms that ultimately shares a common ancestor. The earliest plant to colonise the land was probably something like a liverwort, but the early groups all appeared very quickly, and there are very few fossils, so we still don’t quite know in which order they appeared. But the three “bryophyte” groups – mosses, liverworts and hornworts – share several morphological features, which is why they were grouped together. We now know that these features have an ancient origin, but that the three groups are quite separate, so the term bryophyte is just kept for convenience. See the About bryophytes page under Learning for more information. We would particularly recommend the BBS Field Guide, both for those starting out and for more experienced bryologists: Mosses and Liverworts of Britain and Ireland. A Field Guide. eds: I.Atherton, S.Bosanquet, M.Lawley. First edition 2010, British Bryological Society. ISBN: 978-0-9561310-1-0. You can purchase a copy directly from the BBS or from selected booksellers. The Resources section of the website has a page dedicated to books you may want to consider as you progress in your study of bryophytes. These include the more advanced technical floras which you will need for reliable identification of many species: Also worth mentioning is a little leaflet written by BBS member Sean Edwards, Mosses and liverworts of town and garden, which you can download below. It contains illustrations of some of the most common species and is a good introduction to these and to some of the terminology you will need to understand. Mosses and Liverworts of Town and GardenYour local library will probably have one or more basic identification guides, but if you have access to a school or university library you will be able to find a wider selection. The BBS has a comprehensive library with a wide range of general and specialist books, but these are only available to browse in the library itself; there are no facilities for borrowing books. See the BBS Library, Sales and Loans page for details. Members of the BBS automatically receive copies of both publications, and have access to previous issues online. Visit our Membership page to find out about other benefits and see how to join. Become a memberThere is a wide range of microscopes available, and an even greater range of price. For basic identification even some of the small “toy” microscopes can suffice, while at the far end of the range, a fancy research microscope can cost thousands of pounds. However, it is possible to get a fairly decent but basic microscope for about two or three hundred pounds. Camera shops often sell microscopes, and several of the “big-name” microscope companies (e.g. Zeiss, Olympus, Leica, Nikon, Swift) sell microscopes for student or field use. A Google search on “microscopes” provides several options, including second hand and used equipment. Also check the Brunel Microscopes website (http://www.brunelmicroscopes.co.uk/) for a wide range of reasonably-priced microscopes. Buying a microscope is not to be undertaken lightly, and advice should be sought. However, basic guidelines are that you should buy the best you can afford, and it is much better to buy basic but good quality optics than fancy, poor quality optics. The quality of the lenses is very important, but so also is the quality of the mechanics – it is easy to upgrade optics by buying better quality or additional objectives when you can afford them. It is useful to get both a dissecting microscope (often also called a stereo microscope) and a compound microscope for looking at cellular detail. The dissecting scope should have a range of magnification from 0.4 to 4.5, while for the compound scope, for general identification objectives with magnification ranging from 4.5 to 50 are sufficient. For more critical work (e.g. axillary hairs and oil bodies) an oil-immersion lens with magnification of 100 is useful. Oculars (the lenses in the eyepieces are usually x10, giving a total magnification in the dissecting scope of x4.5 to x45 and in the compound scope x45 to x500 (or x1000 oil). None of the fancy features like phase contrast or darkphase illumination are necessary. A stereo binocular head (two eye-pieces) greatly decreases eye strain if you are going to be using the microscope a lot, and if you are going to use your microscope for illustrating, a drawing arm is invaluable. An eye-piece graticule is very useful for measuring cell length. The BBS has a microscope for loan to members. Email the librarian at [email protected] for details. A good place to start is with the Vice-county pages on this website, each of which should provide details of any resources available for the county. In many areas, these include published floras that describe the plants known to grow there. Many of these floras either include mosses and liverworts, or are specifically about bryophytes, and many also include distribution maps. Locate your local vice-county in the Vice-county Explorer. The National Biodiversity Network (NBN) Atlas is another useful resource, not just for bryophytes but for all living organisms. The NBN hosts a database of species records within the UK (England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland) and the Atlas page provides access to these records. It takes a bit of time to work out how to use it, but you can search specific areas, and filter the results to show just one species, or all bryophyte records. Results can be displayed on a map and/or downloaded in spreadsheet format. There are several groups of bryologists in different parts of the country that hold regular meetings to look at bryophytes in the field. A list of these groups and contact details can be found under the Local groups category within Events (open the category in the side bar). This is a very good way of learning the local bryophytes from other bryologists in the field – and is also a lot of fun. You can also go to the national meetings of the BBS, normally held during the spring, early summer and autumn. These meetings are fairly intense, but all members are welcomed regardless of experience. It’s probably a good idea to attend a few local meetings first, but then don’t be daunted by the fact everyone will know more than you! Most members are very friendly and helpful, and there is always a range of abilities at any meeting. You can search for upcoming meetings under Events, and they are often advertised on our Twitter and Facebook feeds as well. The British Isles are probably the best known area in the world for bryophytes, with a very high ratio of bryologists to bryophytes, and a lot of active mapping of distribution. However, where there are lots of people – and hence bryologists – the bryophytes tend to be less diverse and there are fewer robust and distinctive species. So a lot of the meetings are held in the bryologically richer but more distant areas because people want to see new stuff. And of course, if you want to see interesting plants, the further north and west you go, the more abundant they are. But that doesn’t mean that there are no interesting bryophytes in the south and east – if you have the knowledge and patience there are many thrilling bryophytes in very unimposing habitats. Technology in this area is advancing so fast that any recommendations given here are likely to be overtaken within a year or two. However we will offer a few tips. For photographing bryophytes in the field, it is useful to have a camera that focuses in close – a few centimetres should be suitable. Most people photograph bryophytes as a record of what they have seen or to help others identify particular species, rather than from an artistic viewpoint (although many of these photos are also very attractive to look at). For this purpose a large depth of field is desirable. In the past this has meant expensive cameras and lots of practice. However with the advent of digital photography came focus stacking. See the question below for more details on this technique. There are some cameras on the market now which perform in-camera focus stacking i.e. you do not need to download and process images later. The most popular of these at present is the Olympus Tough range – the TG4, TG5 and TG6 models all provide this functionality which, along with being waterproof, small and easy to carry, make them an ideal choice for the bryologist. As everyone interested in photography knows, the best camera is the one you have on you at the time! So what better than the excellent cameras in many smartphones nowadays. These are ideal for taking habitat photos, and even fairly close-up shots of species. It is also possible to buy add-on lenses which attach to the phone camera, including macro lenses. These do require a steady hand and/or tripod, and lots of patience to get a decent shot however, and most people prefer to carry a separate camera for close-up work. It is worth checking out smartphone camera apps though, as these are sometimes better than the native apps. For example at the time of writing this, there is an iPhone app from a company called Moment (who also sell add-on lenses) which is free to download and use, and allows you to control the focus point and exposure – handy for close-ups when the native app rarely seems to understand what you want in focus. Focus stacking is a relatively new technique which evolved once digital photography had become commonplace. It is a process by which several photos are taken of the same subject, but with different focus points; these are then merged by sophisticated software to produce an image which is in focus throughout. With most cameras it is necessary to take the set of photos manually, either shifting the focus wheel on the camera between each shot, or maintaining the same focus distance and moving the camera / subject. However some more recent models automate this by providing a ‘focus bracket’ mode. This will automatically take a number of shots, adjusting the focus between shots. The Canon EOS RP is a (relatively) reasonably priced full-frame mirrorless camera which does this quite well. Some of the most popular focus-stacking software at present includes Helicon Focus and Zerene Stacker, both of which have been around for a long time. However they can be expensive and it’s a good idea to search for reviews and try out software for yourself. There are an ever-increasing number of companies providing this kind of software and competition is high. It may be worth noting that, at the time of writing, Canon include their Digital Photo Professional software with sales of DSLR cameras, and from DPP version 4 this includes focus stacking functionality. If you have a Canon DSLR, it may be worth trying to see if your camera is supported. Bryologists have always liked to record what they see through the microscope as well, whether it be as a record of a particular specimen or to send photos to other bryologists for help with identification. Originally this would have been with a sketch but nowadays of course it’s much easier to use a camera. The most basic way to do this is to hold a point-and-shoot camera or smartphone over the eyepiece and some people get very good results doing this. It’s usually necessary to zoom in with the camera in order to fill the viewfinder. The Nikon Coolpix range was renowned for being good to use for this, but has now been largely superseded by better options. It was always a bit fiddly to locate your subject in the viewfinder, then hold it steady while you focussed and took the shot. Many companies now sell adapters to attach digital cameras to your microscope. This resolves the problem of centring the image and holding the camera steady, and also allows you to use an SLR instead of a compact camera. Note that the adapter you use is normally fairly specific to the camera, or at least the camera type. It is worth considering, when buying a microscope, getting one with a trinocular head as this enables you to leave the camera and adapter attached permanently to your microscope. It is also worth asking at the time you purchase a microscope, what the options are for taking photos. A company like Brunel Microscopes will explain the different options and let you try them out before you buy. Using an adapter to connect a camera you already own to your microscope is a relatively cheap and easy solution. If you take a lot of photos then it’s worth looking at USB cameras. A USB camera will slot into a trinocular eyepiece via a simple adapter, and connect to your computer via a USB cable. These cameras usually come with software which runs on your computer and allows you to see the image being recorded by the camera and to control the camera. It is possible to capture still images, record video – and with some software to add scale bars and other measurements to your images. Many of the images on this website were taken using a camera from a company called Touptek, whose software (ToupView) also has built in focus-stacking and other image processing functionality. If you search the Internet you will find a few websites and books dedicated to this subject, although many are aimed at American readers. Probably the best known of these is Mossin’ Annie’s Mountain Moss, where you can find lots of advice and can even purchase moss for your garden (probably only practical if you live in the US). Most libraries will also have books about Japanese gardens, in which mosses are a significant feature. However you can make a good start by downloading Michael Fletcher’s Moss Grower’s Handbook (below). This book was written to document the author’s first hand experience of growing bryophytes both indoors and outdoors, and contains an absolute wealth of practical information. Michael maintained a large moss collection over many years, containing some of the most rare and threatened species in the UK (collected under license). Although not specifically aimed at moss gardening, it does contain a lot of useful tips – and if you are interested in growing moss indoors, perhaps just to develop capsules so that you can identify a specimen, then this is the book for you. Moss Grower's HandbookBryophytes are overlooked by most people – probably because they are small, and actually quite challenging to name. Unfortunately this means that the demand for identification courses is low, and very few organisations provide them. Of these, the Field Studies Council (FSC) has historically run the most, and regular, identification courses for mosses and liverworts – although we don’t know what will happen post-Covid. Other organisations run occasional or more specialised courses and we have listed the ones we know about. Go to the FSC website Check our list of Course providersThe BBS can provide funding to support small projects and surveys. Check the conditions on the Apply for a grant page, where you can also download an application form.

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Table of Contents What is Heat Capacity? Heat capacity is a measure of how much heat energy a substance can absorb or release without a significant change in temperature. Think of it like a container’s ability to hold water – a large container can hold more water without overflowing. Similarly, a substance with high heat capacity can absorb or release more heat without experiencing a significant temperature change. Every substance has its unique heat capacity based on its composition. For example, water has a high heat capacity, meaning it can absorb or release a lot of heat before its temperature changes noticeably. This property is crucial for regulating temperature changes noticeably. This property is crucial for regulating temperature in nature and everyday life, influencing climate patterns, and allowing our bodies to maintain a relatively stable temperature. In contrast, substances with low heat capacity, like metals, experience temperature changes more rapidly. Heat capacity is essential for understanding and managing energy transfer in various processes. Heat Capacity Based on Thermodynamics In thermodynamics, heat capacity refers to the amount of heat energy required to change the temperature of a substance by a certain amount. It is divided into two types: specific heat capacity (C or c), which is the heat energy needed to change the temperature of one unit mass of a substance by one degree Celsius, and molar heat capacity (Cm or Cn), which is the heat energy required to change the temperature of one mole of a substance by one degree Celsius. Mathematically, heat capacity is expressed as Q = C ⋅ ΔT Where, Q is the heat absorbed or released, C is the heat capacity, and ΔT is the change in temperature. Understanding heat capacity is fundamental in thermodynamics as it helps analyze energy transfer in processes like heating or cooling substances. Substances with higher heat capacities can store or release more energy per temperature change, impacting the efficiency and behavior of thermodynamic systems. Components of Heat Capacity There are two main components of specific heat capacity. These components help describe how a substance responds to changes in temperature and the amount of heat energy it can absorb or release. Components of Heat Capacity | | Components | Description | Specific Heat Capacity (C) | This is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit mass (usually one gram or one kilogram) of a substance by one degree Celsius (or one Kelvin). | Molar Heat Capacity | This is the heat capacity per mole of a substance. It is calculated by multiplying the specific heat capacity by the molar mass of the substance. | Specific Heat Capacity Specific heat capacity is a measure of how much heat energy is needed to raise the temperature of a certain amount of substance by a certain amount. Imagine heating a cup of water on a stove – the specific heat capacity tells us how much energy is required to make that water hotter. Every substance has its own unique specific heat capacity because different materials respond differently to heat. In simple terms, think of a specific heat as the “recipe” for heating or cooling a substance. The formula for specific heat is expressed as: Q = m ⋅ C ⋅ ΔT Where Q is the heat energy absorbed or released, m is the mass of the substance, C is the specific heat, and ΔT is the temperature change. It’s like saying, “To make the water hotter, you need this much heat energy”. Water has a relatively high specific heat capacity, meaning it requires a lot of heat to change its temperature. This is why water takes longer to heat up or cool down compared to some other substances. Mathematically, specific heat capacity is expressed as the amount of heat energy (measured in joules) required to raise the temperature of one kilogram of the substance by one degree Celsius. So, it’s like understanding the energy needed to make a specific amount of material get warmer or cooler. Molar Heat Capacity Molar heat capacity is a measure of how much heat energy is needed to raise the temperature of one mole of a substance by one degree Celsius (or one Kelvin). It provides insight into a material’s ability to store thermal energy. Think of it like a container’s capability to hold water-molar heat capacity tells us how much heat a substance can “hold” per mole. Specifically, there are two types of molar heat capacity: at constant volume (Cv) and at constant pressure (Cp). Cv is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of one mole while keeping the volume constant, while Cp considers changes in pressure. These values are crucial in understanding and predicting how substances respond to changes in temperature. In simple terms, molar heat capacity helps us grasp how substances absorb and release heat during temperature changes, essential in fields like chemistry and physics for understanding the behavior of materials in various conditions.

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TLS: Transport Layer Security SSL: Secure Socket Layer TLS ensures the privacy and data integrity between to communicating points across a network. Originally known as SSL, TLS is not only important when transferring sensitive data (such as personal or payment information) but also for websites/applications in general. Google have also announced that fully HTTPS websites/applications will have SEO priority. For more information see the below website: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_Layer_Security SSL and CDN When considering SSL and the CDN, please be aware that having an SSL certificate installed on the hosting or only on the CDN does not qualify as an end-to-end HTTPS secure website/application. Always remember to have an SSL certificate installed on the Hosting Server and on the CDN. This will ensure a complete end-to-end secure connection. These can always be looked at in two forms: - End user -> CDN - CDN -> Origin (Hosting Server) Also, note that you are always using the latest TLS version (currently TLS v1.2) and the certificate in use has ciphers that are up to date and supported by all web browsers. Details and links to these versions and ciphers are detailed below. Versions and Ciphers The most up to date TLS version is TLS v1.2. Version 1.3 is currently in a draft state. Please see the following webpage regarding Cipher Suites: https://www.openssl.org/docs/manmaster/man1/ciphers.html It is important to note that SSL certificates alone are not enough to support the protocol fully. Always ensure the following are provided to the CDN team and/or the SSL vendor. - SSL Certificate - Private Key (with or without a password) – dependent on use case - Chain – combination of the Root CA and Intermediate Chain SNI – Server Name Indication SNI is an extension to TLS and can only be used and treated as an add-on. It allows multiple certificates to be used by the same IP address. Please review the 2 models below. Diagram 7 shows that for each website a different hosting server is required to have its own SSL certificate specific to that website, however, Diagram 8 shows that a single hosting server can have an infinite number of SSL certificates installed – this is the beauty of SNI. When using a CDN, SNI is one of the most useful features. You may find with most CDN vendors that charges apply for 3 separate SSL options: - SSL on MDC (an SSL domain on a CDN shared cert) - Wildcard domain on MDC - Private SSL (you can provide your own certificate – usually the most expensive) Now with the addition of SNI, CDN vendors do not need to allocate specific IP addresses for each of your certificates across their network. SNI not only allows CDN vendors to restore 1000’s of IPv4 addresses but also enables a cheaper, longer term solution for clients. Wherever possible, take advantage of your CDN vendors SNI feature. It also ties in nicely with complete self-implementation of new websites/applications on the CDN. Book a Demo

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janvier 31, 2024 NMOS (N-Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) transistors are key components in semiconductor devices and integrated circuits. In order to understand how it works, it is necessary to understand the basic concepts of semiconductor physics. MOS transistor is a general term that includes P-type (PMOS) and N-type (NMOS) transistors. These transistors are the basic building blocks of integrated circuits. In the manufacturing of P-type semiconductors, P-type semiconductors are formed by adding trace amounts of trivalent elements (such as boron, indium, gallium, aluminum, etc.) to single crystal silicon. In the manufacturing of N-type semiconductors, N-type semiconductors are formed by adding trace amounts of pentavalent elements (such as phosphorus and antimony). These added elements change the conductive properties of silicon. NMOS transistors are manufactured using N-type semiconductor materials. The structure of a transistor consists of a metal gate separated from the semiconductor by an insulating oxide layer. Its full name, N-Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor, reflects its structure and composition. This transistor relies on the movement of electrons (carriers in N-type materials) to conduct current. In contrast, PMOS transistors use P-type semiconductor materials and rely on the movement of "holes" (positive charge carriers) to conduct current. Integrated circuits (ICs) are composed of MOS transistors and are called MOS integrated circuits. ICs composed of NMOS transistors are specifically called NMOS integrated circuits; ICs composed of PMOS transistors are called PMOS integrated circuits. The circuit composed of NMOS and PMOS transistors is called a complementary MOS (CMOS) circuit. In summary, an NMOS transistor is characterized by the use of n-type dopants in the gate region, leading to the creation of an inversion layer that enables or disables the flow of current between the source and drain terminals based on the applied gate voltage. This switching capability makes NMOS transistors essential components in digital circuits, serving roles such as amplification, logic operations, and memory storage in various electronic devices. The symbol for an NMOS (n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor) transistor is a standardized representation used in circuit diagrams to depict its essential terminals and characteristics. The arrow pointing away from the source terminal indicates the direction of conventional current flow when the NMOS transistor is in the on-state (conducting). The arrow is consistent with the direction of electron flow, which is from the source to the drain. In the realm of constructing waveforms for human-computer interaction, it becomes imperative to acknowledge the necessity for two distinct types of waveforms: 'high enable' and 'low enable.' As such, there exist two variations of NMOS switch circuits designed to cater to these specific waveform requirements. One configuration produces a 'low enable' waveform, wherein the signal is at a low level when the switch is pressed, while the other configuration generates a 'high enable' waveform, characterized by a high signal level when the switch is pressed. NMOS (NPN) high enable switch NMOS (NPN) low enable switch The current flowing through an NMOS (n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor) transistor can be described by the following basic equation, commonly known as the Saturation Region NMOS Current Equation: This equation applies specifically when the NMOS transistor is in the saturation region. In this region, the transistor is operating as a voltage-controlled current source. The threshold voltage represents the minimum gate-to-source voltage required to create a conductive channel between the source and drain terminals. NMOS (n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor) and PMOS (p-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor) transistors are two complementary types of MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors) used in integrated circuit design. They have several key differences based on their construction, behavior, and electrical characteristics. NMOS: Utilizes n-type (negatively doped) semiconductor material in the channel region beneath the gate. PMOS: Utilizes p-type (positively doped) semiconductor material in the channel region beneath the gate. NMOS: Majority carriers are electrons. PMOS: Majority carriers are holes (positively charged carriers). NMOS: Requires a positive gate-to-source voltage to create an inversion layer and allow electron flow. Threshold voltage is typically positive. PMOS: Requires a negative gate-to-source voltage to create an inversion layer and allow hole flow. Threshold voltage is typically negative. NMOS: The arrow in the symbol points outward from the source terminal, indicating the direction of electron flow. PMOS: The arrow in the symbol points inward toward the source terminal, indicating the direction of hole flow. NMOS: Electrons have higher mobility than holes in semiconductor materials, leading to generally faster electron-based devices. PMOS: Hole mobility is lower than electron mobility, impacting the speed of PMOS devices compared to NMOS devices. NMOS: Commonly used for the low side of logic circuits. Outputs high when the NMOS transistor is off (open circuit). PMOS: Commonly used for the high side of logic circuits. Outputs high when the PMOS transistor is off. NMOS: Generally consumes less power compared to PMOS due to the higher electron mobility and lower threshold voltage. PMOS: Tends to have higher power consumption, especially in complementary CMOS designs. NMOS: Paired with PMOS transistors in complementary CMOS (complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor) technology to achieve low power consumption and improved noise margins. PMOS: Paired with NMOS transistors in complementary CMOS technology to benefit from the strengths of both types. A depletion mode NMOS (n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor) transistor is a type of MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor) that operates in a mode where the channel is naturally present and conductive in the absence of an applied gate voltage. Unlike enhancement mode NMOS transistors, which require a positive gate voltage to create an inversion layer and allow current flow, depletion mode NMOS transistors have a conductive channel by default. An NMOS (n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor) enhancement mode transistor is a type of MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor) that operates in a mode where an external voltage must be applied to the gate terminal to create an inversion layer and allow current flow between the source and drain terminals. An NMOS pass transistor is a specific configuration of an n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor (NMOS) transistor used to facilitate the passage of signals from one circuit node to another. In the context of digital circuits, a pass transistor can act as a switch that either allows or blocks the flow of a signal based on the state of its control terminal. NMOS transistors play a pivotal role in electronic circuits, exhibiting distinctive functional characteristics that influence their behavior and performance. Understanding these properties is crucial for designing and optimizing circuitry in various applications. An NMOS transistor demonstrates a closed circuit behavior when subjected to a non-zero voltage. In this state, the connection between the source and drain terminals acts akin to a conductive wire. Conversely, when the transistor receives a voltage of approximately 0V, it transitions into an open circuit state. This interrupts the connection between the source and drain terminals, causing current to flow from the gate terminal to the drain. The power supply experiences a current influx when the NMOS transistor is in the closed circuit state, and a non-zero voltage is applied. This current flows from the gate terminal to the power supply. The current-voltage (I-V) properties of NMOS transistors are crucial for understanding their behavior. Two key voltages come into play: the voltage between the source and drain (VDS) and the voltage between the gate and source (VGS). To analyze the I-V properties, a curve representing the relationship between the drain current (IDS) and VDS is obtained. This is achieved by grounding the terminals of the power supply, setting an initial VGS value, and incrementally stepping the VGS value from "0" to "VDD" to reach the highest DC voltage value. At very low VGS values, IDS remains minimal, displaying a linear trend. As VGS increases, IDS undergoes enhancement, revealing intricate dependencies on both VGS and VDS. The interplay between VGS and VDS significantly influences the performance of NMOS transistors. As VGS rises from low values, the drain current IDS experiences improvement, showcasing the transistor's ability to conduct more effectively. The intricate relationship between VGS and VDS unfolds as the transistor progresses from the linear region to the saturation region. This transition is vital for optimizing the transistor's performance in different operational scenarios. NMOS Gate Circuit NOT gate circuit NAND gate circuit: Two NMOS transistors in series NOR gate: Two NMOS transistors in parallel AND gate: NAND gate followed by a NOT gate (inverter) OR gate: NOR gate followed by a NOT gate (inverter) NMOS (n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor) transistors function by manipulating the conductivity of a p-type semiconductor body through the creation of an inversion layer. The p-type material naturally lacks a conductive path between the source and drain terminals in its initial state. However, the transistor becomes conductive when a voltage is applied to the third terminal known as the gate. Upon applying a voltage to the gate, an electric field is generated within the p-type material. This electric field attracts electrons towards the surface beneath the gate. As the gate voltage surpasses a specific threshold, it depletes the holes in the p-type material near the surface, leading to the creation of an excess of electrons and forming the inversion layer, also known as the n-channel. The establishment of the n-channel provides a conductive path between the n-type source and drain terminals. Electrons can now flow from the source to the drain, allowing the transistor to conduct. The conductance of the transistor is directly controlled by the voltage applied to the gate. Higher gate voltages result in a wider and more conductive n-channel, enabling a greater flow of electrons. Importantly, the transistor returns to its non-conductive state when the gate voltage falls below the threshold. This controlled behavior ensures that the transistor operates selectively, only conducting when a specific gate voltage is applied. In summary, the NMOS transistor's operation involves the intentional creation of an inversion layer in a p-type semiconductor, enabling precise control over its conductivity and functionality in electronic circuits. The fabrication process of NMOS (n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor) transistors involves several steps in the creation of the semiconductor device. The process begins with the selection of a silicon wafer as the substrate. The silicon wafer is usually p-type, meaning it has an intrinsic positive charge. The silicon wafer undergoes thorough cleaning to remove any contaminants and ensure a pristine surface for subsequent processing steps. A thin layer of silicon dioxide (SiO2) is grown on the surface of the wafer through a process known as oxidation. This oxide layer acts as an insulator and is crucial for the formation of the transistor's gate dielectric. A layer of photoresist is applied to the oxide layer, and a photomask is used to define the regions where the transistors' gates will be formed. The exposed areas are selectively etched to remove the oxide, leaving behind the patterned gate regions. Dopants are introduced into the wafer to create the n-type regions for the source and drain terminals. This process is often achieved through ion implantation or diffusion. The patterned gate acts as a mask, defining the regions where the n-type dopants are introduced. Insulating layers, such as silicon nitride (Si3N4) or additional layers of silicon dioxide, are deposited on the wafer to separate different layers and provide electrical isolation. Openings, known as contacts, are created in the insulating layers above the source and drain regions. These openings allow for the formation of metal contacts that connect the transistor terminals to the external circuitry. Metal layers, often aluminum or copper, are deposited and patterned to create metal interconnects that link various transistor terminals and form the conductive paths for electrical signals. A passivation layer is applied to protect the transistor and metal layers from environmental factors, preventing contamination and ensuring long-term reliability. The fabricated wafer undergoes extensive testing to verify the functionality of the NMOS transistors and ensure that they meet specified performance parameters. The structure of an NMOS (n-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor) transistor is a fundamental element in semiconductor device design. It comprises various layers and regions that enable the transistor to control the flow of current between the source and drain terminals based on the voltage applied to the gate. Substrate or Bulk Oxide Layer (Gate Oxide) Source and Drain Regions Source and Drain Contacts The NMOS transistor structure is designed to control the flow of electrons from the source to the drain based on the voltage applied to the gate. By modulating the conductivity of the channel region beneath the gate, the transistor serves as a switch and amplifier in various electronic applications.

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Bishop Challoner: a Pupil Premium first approach Bishop Challoner School (secondary phase) has a high Pupil Premium intake of 56% and identified the following the key barriers to learning among their disadvantaged pupils and the wider school: - Low aspirations - Lack of confidence - Lack of role models In this interview Challenge the Gap leader, Maya Cheetham, describes how the school team rose to these challenges through a Pupil Premium first approach that raised staff awareness and aimed to increase opportunities for their disadvantaged pupils. Q: What strategies did you use to support the progress of disadvantaged pupils in your Challenge the Gap target cohort? MC: We chose a target cohort of fifteen Year 7 boys - we are a boys’ and a girls’ school but the gap is, or rather was, bigger in the boys’ school and that's why we focussed there. We called this group our ‘Student Leaders’. We implemented a series of interventions targeted at our Student Leaders: - Briefing staff on who the Student Leaders are and creating opportunities for them to have an active role in lessons, for example by picking them to do tasks - Trips and opportunities such as; visiting a university, taking part in an ecology science trip and completing the Crest Science Award - Being given the other opportunities more broadly such as showing visitors around the school - Each boy was assigned a mentor (one of the Challenge the Gap team), the mentors met with parents and then met with the boys on half termly basis to ‘talk’ and discuss transition and progress - Group Student Leader meetings where the boys were given homework e.g. to research a resilient person or group tasks on metacognition and learning skills We have also implemented school-wide initiatives to support our disadvantaged pupils: - Setting a school target of at least 60% of pupils on school trips being Pupil Premium in order to reflect the size of the school intake - Implementing a Pupil Premium focus onto lesson observation and work scrutiny forms to ensure that Pupil Premium students are at the forefront of teachers minds - Developing a Pupil Premium marking first policy across the school - Training staff in key Pupil Premium focus areas that we want to see in daily practice across the school including: knowing your students (seating plan with Pupil Premium labelled for all classes), using Growth Mindset language, encouraging staff to talk to students about careers and their own experiences to raise aspirations - Creating resilience displays for each subject area across the school to provide positive role models of people who are from disadvantaged backgrounds - Leading on INSET and upcoming continual professional development sessions on quality first teaching ideas learnt in workshops e.g. on critical thinking and memory Throughout the process we have used a whole school approach. We have fed back what we have learnt in the workshops, trying to engage staff in the issues surrounding Pupil Premium. Crucially, we have explained why to level the playing field, we need to put more effort into supporting those students and how important this is. We have shared lots of quality first teaching ideas with our staff so that they are made aware of the things we can do to support, not just Pupil Premium students, but all our students. Q: Can you tell me about any short-term outcomes of Challenge the Gap that you have identified? MC: Whole staff awareness of disadvantaged pupils and the means to support them has improved significantly. There has always been awareness and a focus on analysing the data to look for patterns comparing Pupil Premium and non Pupil Premium students but less about what staff should actually be doing to deal with it and specific strategies or approaches that could be used. More than ever there is now a focus and awareness on how starting from the youngest years, establishing a bottom up approach to raise aspirations and confidence will benefit students in the long run, rather than last minute interventions before exams. We have also seen the increased attainment of our target cohort and other disadvantaged pupils. Between the autumn and spring data we saw that in English overall, Pupil Premium students across the boys’ school did better than their non-disadvantaged peers. Within that, the target cohort has shown even greater levels of progress by 8.3% in English and 2% in Maths making progress between the data points. I think that there has likely been a relationship between their involvement in the Challenge the Gap initiative and their positive academic progress. In terms of marking, we are seeing no considerable difference between Pupil Premium students and others students’ books. The fact that the work is in line with other students is a good thing but also provides an area of focus if we are to encourage more in depth marking for Pupil Premium students. It is also worth noting that halfway through the programme year our school had an Ofsted inspection. During the inspection Challenge the Gap was brought up and our efforts in this regard were looked upon favourably by inspectors. In the final report they stated: “Leaders use Pupil Premium funding effectively to support disadvantaged pupils. The difference between pupils who are disadvantaged and other pupils is reducing at a rapid pace.” Q: What else has have you found has gone well? MC: In terms of the workshops, it was great being able to visit a number of different schools and to meet their target cohorts. I think that's a really beneficial thing to do, seeing people's’ progress throughout the time we've been involved, it’s been fantastic. It has been a great opportunity to ‘magpie’ ideas from other schools. The programme has also been very positively received by the senior leadership team and the headteacher in our school. As a whole school programme, it has allowed me to talk to people in leadership roles in other schools and feedback to leadership here, giving me a lot of opportunities to get an out of department policy making view. It’s been beneficial and I’ve really enjoyed it Q: What else has have you found has gone well? MC: In general, our programme facilitators, Karen and Jen, were really supportive in all the workshops and so were the staff from the other schools. It was a very supportive environment. We were given a lot of time to work on our ideas and everyone was really receptive. Q: What would be the “even better ifs”? MC: I don't think there were any necessarily, just smaller things. I think the final workshop came at a busy time before exams. I think that could have been after half term so that we had more time. I think there could also be further opportunities to share the different data tracking systems used in schools and additional support on how we can adapt these. It was however really interesting to see how other schools are tracking their pupils’ progress. Q: Can you say in one sentence what you think of Challenge the Gap and the impact it is having in your school MC: Being part of Challenge the Gap means that our Pupil Premium students are now at the forefront of teachers minds, and more than ever they know why there is a gap, why it shouldn't exist and simple effective strategies to ensure teaching and learning opportunities are the best they can be to try and make sure that gap doesn't exist at all. Bishop Challoner School took part in the Challenge the Gap programme this year as part of our Compton Cluster (North London). To find out more about the Challenge the Gap programme and how you can get involved please email [email protected]

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://www.challengepartners.org/cases/bishop-challoner-pupil-premium-first-approach

2024-12-07T23:43:37Z

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Genomics is a form of personalised medicine that is transforming healthcare. Pharmacy professionals are well-placed to play a key role as genomics moves into mainstream clinical care, by supporting people with information about genomics and how this can contribute to medicines optimisation. This programme aims to support you to develop the knowledge, skills and confidence to have person-centred consultations with people about genomics in everyday pharmacy practice. You will explore factors to consider, words and phrases you can use to respond appropriately to questions, and where you can signpost people to for further information and local services. On completion of all aspects of this learning programme you should be able to: You can access this e-learning programme using a web browser on any device. You will need to be connected to the internet while you work through it.

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://www.cppe.ac.uk/programmes/l/genomics-e-04

2024-12-07T23:54:42Z

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One of the distinguishing features of EB welding is that it requires a vacuum to be successful. Why is this? The Electron Beam is a focused stream of electrons of tiny mass but travelling at incredible speed. When a supercharged electron collides with a comparatively huge oxygen or nitrogen atom in the air, it careers off at an angle. This scatters and dissipates the beam deflecting energy and defocusing the beam. To ensure consistent weld quality and weld profile a vacuum of 10 ppm or better is required. Under normal atmospheric conditions, many commonly used metals – including steel – will oxides (rust). Many high performance materials such as Titanium and high strength heat resistant metals are unusable if exposed to air at high temperatures. As EBW is mainly a process of melting the abutting faces of the components, without filler material, this is a remelt of parent material in a vacuum, resulting in parent metal integrity. The vacuum chamber used by electron-beam welding machines provides a fail-safe, belts and braces approach to this problem by removing all air surrounding the component. It isn’t only EB welding that has to deal with the problem of oxidation. Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding shields the seam with a blanket of inert argon or helium to prevent oxidation until the melted material cools. To accelerate the electron-beam to the required speed, the electron-beam generator uses an extremely strong electric field. In normal air, the charge is so strong that it risks creating electric arcs – in effect miniature lightning bolts – from the beam emitter. This reduces the control the operator has over beam intensity and can lead to erratic results. More importantly, the lightning arcs can severely damage the welding machine and component. The vacuum is essential to maintain stable beam control. Electron beam welding always requires a vacuum, except when it doesn’t! In some circumstances a non-vacuum electron-beam welding machine may be required. In these units a series of pressure chambers are used in place of the single vacuum chamber, in order to project the beam through the air with neither heat loss nor arcing. This may be necessary when working on marine or offshore applications, or in the presence of sensitive materials, such as nuclear waste and petrochemical products. Weld outcomes for non-vacuum EB welding are almost identical to those expected for vacuum machines, although the power output required to achieve the same weld penetration is slightly higher for non-vacuum machines, and the weld speed is lower. Our team at Electron Beam Processes Ltd make us Europe’s leading EB welding specialist. To support businesses through the process we have made a Best Practice Guide available, which can be downloaded for free by clicking here. For all other questions please call +44 (0) 1844 241 4257.

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2024-12-08T00:33:08Z

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A call to bulldoze the St Lucia Estuary Mouth has left the North Coast community divided. Bulldozing results in an artificial breach of a temporary open of the estuary mouth. But estuarine scientist Nicolette Forbes warns that this interferes with the natural process as well as restoration projects taking place at the lake. "Now this wasn't a good thing for the estuarine, though it suited a certain sector of the animals that use the estuary like the fish, it wasn't necessarily a good and natural functioning of the estuary. "So the project I was involved in took in account all of those estuaries and the different user groups around it to get it back to a much more natural dynamic and not interfering with the mouth is a part of that." The Lake St Lucia is Africa's largest estuarine lake. A serious drought in the area has hampered the lake, back in 2014 it went completely dry. Forbes says bulldozing is a quick-fix solution that threatens conservationists' restoration project - pushing it back 10 years. "The whole idea was to let this estuary find its own way back to where it does naturally where the Umfolozi River is linked to the estuary and it is able to open and close the mouth naturally so that they will make that take that back another 10 years by interfering." Listen to the full interview:

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://www.ecr.co.za/news/news/listen-plans-bulldoze-lake-st-lucia-raises-concerns/

2024-12-08T00:07:14Z

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BBC: “Under the law, couples who want to form a partnership must register their intentions with local councils. Unlike marriages, the signing of the legal partnership papers does not need to happen in public.” In 1833, Parliament banned slavery across the British Empire. The United States abolished slavery with the 13th Amendment in 1865. So if we do the math, then we’ll see same-sex marriages legalized here in 2037.

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://www.edrants.com/they-abolished-slavery-thirty-years-before-us-so-its-not-much-of-a-surprise/

2024-12-07T23:46:30Z

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The term Education Gospel refers to a system of belief that has dominated American education for more than a century: the belief that social, economic, civic, and moral problems can be solved through schooling. Whatever the difficulties—economic recessions and economic development, social instability and crime, disengaged youth and deteriorating family life, inequality and poverty, even traffic safety and physical health—the Education Gospel assumes that schooling can solve the problem. Like most faith-based beliefs, it is neither susceptible to nor does it depend upon empirical verification. It is what we believe. In the last few decades, the Education Gospel has come to focus on economic goals. Its essential message can be summarized as follows: The Knowledge Revolution (or the Information Society, or the High-Tech Revolution) has changed the nature of work, shifting away from occupations rooted in industrial production to occupations associated with knowledge and information. The jobs of the future will require advanced levels of schooling, leading to calls for “college for all.” Economically focused education will create a vibrant and expansive economy, a more productive workforce, and greater success in the marketplace of global competition. Every call to improve education assumes some version of this. To believe that education is our way to salvation is to live a terrible lie. The expectation that schooling will solve the nation’s economic problems applies to individuals. The more advanced one’s schooling, the greater the likelihood of getting ahead. Because the individual gets rewarded for continuing his or her formal education, the message of the Education Gospel is clear: The race for economic success and professional status depends upon staying in school for longer and longer periods of time, and being prepared regularly to return to school. The Education Gospel has produced remarkable results. Americans have provided more schooling for more people for longer periods of time than any other country. Millions of immigrants and their families, millions of the poor and working class, millions of the previously discriminated against can attest to the remarkable opportunities available through education. The faith-based Education Gospel and its association with economic success are at the heart of America’s belief in itself. But the Education Gospel has its less attractive characteristics. It violates both common sense and research findings that suggest that lots of other factors create economic growth. It assumes that schools really are the best place to learn to work, when so much of success at work is rooted in characteristics that often have little to do with schooling. The Education Gospel has terribly distorted and narrowed the purposes of education into getting jobs and getting ahead. And, while this belief system says that education is the answer to all our aspirations, it is a belief that has led to a virtual neglect and sometimes outright hostility to almost any other form of social policy. The Education Gospel has also led to an endless cycle of overschooling, where individuals stay in school because it is their only option. As each level of schooling becomes more crowded, one has to move to the next level in order to differentiate oneself. We thus have created a situation in which it is rational for the individual to stay in school, but socially irrational and terribly expensive for everybody to stay in school year after year. What follow are personal reflections on the evolution of the Education Gospel over the short span of one lifetime. Loud Music When I was growing up, my father and grandfather worked in a New York City factory where they had to shout to be heard. This shouting as a form of conversation continued when they sat down at the dinner table, where I also had to shout, with my younger sisters ultimately joining in. My reaction to all of this noise was to go to my room and turn rock ’n’ roll music on as loudly as I could. This led to more shouting and turning up the family television. Over the years, I began to view education reformers as an expanded version of my family. The advocates of reform, from all sides of the political spectrum, behave as my family did: They shout louder and louder. And, since one group of reformers is always playing its music, other reformers have to turn up the volume to be heard, leading to seemingly unending rounds of loudly played music. In these situations, no one hears anyone else’s music; we hear only our own. This has utterly demolished our ability to engage in serious conversations about education. Educational researchers are essentially helpless in this situation, since we hear only those findings we already believe to be true. Unless we lower the volume, there will be little improvement in our schools, because every momentary shift in power simply means more loud music. So it is time to stop shouting and to stop acting as if there is only one music worth hearing, because when all we do is play our own music more and more loudly, then no one really hears anything. The Lone Ranger During the 1950s, listening to “The Lone Ranger” on the radio was one of my outlets to a world outside my family. Later, when the Lone Ranger had moved to television, I came to understand that this white man who wore a mask was what we now would call “politically incorrect.” White men just did not have faithful Indian companions named Tonto in the olden days. Still, that stirring moment in each show when someone would notice the Lone Ranger’s bullets and say, “Why those are silver bullets, mister” has always remained with me. Those silver bullets have become a metaphor for how Americans view education reform. They are the unfortunate complement to the loud music. The silver bullets of the Lone Ranger never missed, and they always landed where he wanted them to go. The Education Gospel is essentially an elaborate silver bullet, which claims to do what the Lone Ranger did: eliminate the problem within a half-hour, start to finish, including commercial breaks. The advocates of school reform, from all sides of the political spectrum, behave as my family did: They shout louder and louder. In school reform, silver bullets are being shot out of various-sized guns with bewildering rapidity. Schools too large? Make small schools. Students directionless? Create charter schools or mission-oriented schools. The costs of schooling too high, the bureaucracy strangling innovation? Provide vouchers so people can shop around and buy at lower costs. Students not learning enough? Create national standards and more standardized tests. Teachers don’t know their subjects? Require academic majors as a prerequisite to getting certified to teach. None of these reforms is necessarily bad; most reforms have some merit and some downside. Just about every evaluation of any worth says more or less the same thing: Some schools and some students benefit, some lose out, and many—if not most—are essentially unaffected. But in a world of silver bullets, in which you must play your music more and more loudly, the notion of complexity, of incompleteness, of benefits and deficits—such balanced views of education’s complex reality—have little meaning. It is hard, in the middle of the education wars, to remind ourselves that there are no silver bullets and that the Lone Ranger could not possibly have shot so perfectly. Even when we are on the right track, education takes a long time to have an effect. Learning does not occur overnight. And so we have a responsibility to say as clearly as we can, that any given reform may help some, if we do it right, but no reform is a silver bullet that will make the educational problems disappear. Playing Within Your Game “Playing within your game” is a shorthand phrase that essentially means that a team of not especially great players has learned to draw upon and combine its individual strengths to make for strong team play. These players, taken together, are stronger as a team than as the individual parts. I was reminded of this about a year ago, watching the European soccer championships. As the tournament got under way, the national team from Greece began to win games it was supposed to lose. This was surprising, because the Greeks had no superstars. Pretty soon, everybody started to take the Greek team seriously, and attention turned to the team’s German coach, who, it was said, had convinced his players to “play within their game.” It worked, and in one of the biggest surprises ever in European soccer, the national team of Greece became the European champions. During the tournament, I began to think about how rarely we in education stand up and say, “This is our game plan, we are going to fight like hell to stick to it, and we are willing to be held accountable for the results.” We rarely have a game plan, and so we are frequently given one. And because the loud music is constantly being piped in, we often have multiple game plans, in rapid succession. This has led many in education to become cynical about reform efforts, in part because we often work in schools that have no real meaning, no common purpose, and certainly no overriding sense that we have looked at ourselves and figured out what our strengths and weaknesses are. There exists little opportunity to build upon and to blend our strengths to make a school better. The notion of playing within your game in order to make the institution better is almost an oxymoron in education: It hardly ever exists. Some years ago, the University of Chicago research scholar Anthony Bryk argued that Roman Catholic schools did a better job of helping students learn than the public schools. After testing why this seemed the case—and Bryk tried to account for selection bias among those who attended the parochial schools—he concluded that there was something about the strong sense of mission in the Catholic schools that made an essential difference. He was on the right track. Having a game plan and playing within it so that the institution stands for something matters. This also means that no single education reform is really all that important. It is not so much the individual reform—the silver bullet, if you will—but the character of the institution that matters. It’s Hard to Learn When You’re Hungry Some 35 years ago, the sociologist Christopher Jencks and his colleagues published Inequality: A Reassessment of the Effect of Family and Schooling in America. In it, Jencks argued that schools alone could do very little to change the structure of inequality in the United States. Although he underplayed the things that schools could accomplish, Jencks’ basic argument about structural inequality was right. We cannot moderate the enormous inequalities in our society simply by improving education. What frustrated me about the book, however, was that one had to read hundreds of pages of relatively difficult text before the final chapter, which was a call for stronger public policies to redistribute income from the most wealthy to the least wealthy. I now find myself in the same boat. In our book, The Education Gospel: The Economic Power ofSchooling, Norton Grubb and I produced around 200 pages of text before we got to the chapter that says America’s faith in education cannot be realized in a world in which there is so much structured inequality. The central dilemma of the belief system we call the Education Gospel is that it wants to use education as a substitute for other social policies to reduce unemployment, to alleviate poverty, to narrow the distribution of earnings, and to end racial differences. This substitution is self-defeating. We cannot moderate the enormous inequalities in our society simply by improving education. The schools cannot succeed at their basic job of creating literate citizens without social policies that involve housing, health and nutrition, income support, urban and rural community building, and improved employment opportunities. What is hardest to take is that as the rhetoric of the Education Gospel continues to ratchet up, the social policies essential to make it work have been eviscerated. The fact is that we cannot fix schools without fixing inequality, and we cannot fix inequality without fixing schools. We cannot choose one or the other and expect that either inequality will diminish or education will get substantially better. The Education Gospel then is a trap, because it turns us into believers that schools can accomplish everything, and therefore we have to do little else. The world does not work that way, no matter how loudly we play our music, no matter how many silver bullets we purport to have, no matter how hard we play the game. The game is played at lots of sites, under quite different conditions, and it does not end when the whistle blows, the buzzer sounds, or the school bell rings. To believe that education is our way to salvation is to live a terrible lie.

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://www.edweek.org/leadership/opinion-the-education-gospel/2005/05

2024-12-08T01:19:25Z

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Have your civil rights been violated in New York? Many people may not even recognize or know when a violation occurs. It could have happened at work or even while under arrest. Civil rights form the cornerstone of American democracy, ensuring that all individuals are treated fairly and equally under the law, but that is not always what happens in practice. If your civil rights have been violated, you might be able to take legal action against the wrongdoer. At Evan Miles Goldberg PLLC, our civil rights lawyer in New York is here to guide you through the complexities of civil rights law and ensure that your rights are protected. We believe that everyone deserves equal treatment under the law, and we are committed to fighting for justice on your behalf. Contact us today at (212) 888-6497 to schedule a consultation. Understanding Civil Rights in New York Civil rights refer to a person's right to be an active member of society without fear of discrimination or oppression. Many of these rights are guaranteed at the federal level through the U.S. Constitution and federal legislation. Some important pieces of federal legislation include: - The Civil Rights Act of 1964 - The Civil Rights Act of 1991 - 42 USC Ch. 21: Civil Rights - Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act - The Equal Credit Opportunity Act - The Fair Housing Act - Equal Pay Act of 1963 - Age Discrimination Act of 1975 - Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1974 Some states have implemented additional civil rights protections that extend beyond those offered nationally. It is important to understand what these rights are so that you can fight back if the situation arises and your rights are unlawfully violated. Examples of Federal Civil Rights With some limits and restrictions, each of us is guaranteed certain civil and overlapping constitutional rights regardless of which state we reside or visit. - The Right to Equal Protection Under the Law. The Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution guarantees equal protection of the law to all citizens, prohibiting discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin. - The Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression. The First Amendment protects our right to free speech, allowing us to express our opinions and beliefs without fear of government censorship. - The Right to Religious Freedom. The First Amendment also safeguards our freedom of religion, allowing us to practice our faith freely and protecting us from government-established religions. - The Right to Freedom of the Press. The First Amendment ensures the freedom of the press, allowing journalists to report on government activities and hold those in power accountable. - The Right to Freedom of Assembly and Petition. The First Amendment grants the right to peacefully assemble and petition the government for grievances, empowering citizens to voice their concerns. - The Right to Bear Arms. The Second Amendment protects the right to bear arms, allowing individuals to own firearms, subject to reasonable regulation. - The Right to Protection Against Unreasonable Searches and Seizures. The Fourth Amendment safeguards us from unwarranted searches and seizures, requiring law enforcement to obtain warrants based on probable cause. - The Right to a Fair Trial. The Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments ensure the right to a fair trial, including the right to remain silent, the right to legal counsel, and protection against cruel and unusual punishment. - The Right to Vote. Various amendments, including the Fifteenth, Nineteenth, and Twenty-Sixth, protect voting rights and prohibit discrimination based on race, sex, or age. Examples of Additional State-Specific Civil Rights While federal civil rights protections provide a strong foundation, many states have taken steps to expand on these rights, offering additional safeguards to their residents. - LGBTQ+ Protections. Several states have enacted laws prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity in areas such as employment, housing, and public accommodations. - Privacy Rights. Some states have implemented stricter privacy protections, ensuring that individuals have more control over their personal data and how it is collected and used. - Education Rights. Some states have established constitutional provisions guaranteeing the right to a quality education, which can be invoked in legal battles over educational funding and quality. - Healthcare Access. A few states have enshrined the right to healthcare or health insurance in their constitutions, emphasizing the importance of access to medical care. - Anti-Discrimination Laws. Many states have passed anti-discrimination laws that cover additional protected categories beyond those protected at the federal level, such as marital status, sexual orientation, and gender identity. - Workers' Rights. States may have their own labor laws that provide additional protections to workers, including minimum wage, workplace safety, and collective bargaining rights. - Environmental Rights. Certain states have recognized the right to a clean environment, allowing residents to take legal action against those who harm the environment. Understanding your federal and state-specific rights is important. It allows you to take full advantage of the protections available and to hold individuals, organizations, or the government accountable when they violate your rights. If you think your civil rights have been violated in New York, contact Evan Miles Goldberg PLLC today to speak to our civil rights attorney. Types of Civil Rights Cases in New York Civil rights law covers a wide range of rights, activities, and violations. Some of the more common types of civil rights cases typically include one of the following issues: - Discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, disability, age, or other protected characteristics - Discrimination in housing and lending - Employment discrimination, including, for example, wrongful termination, harassment, and denial of reasonable accommodations - Police misconduct, including, for example, excessive force, false arrest, racial profiling, and violations of the Fourth Amendment - Suppression of voter rights - Violations of First Amendment rights, including violations of freedom of speech, religion, press, and assembly Cases, especially those that have gone to the U.S. Supreme Court, have played an important part in shaping civil rights law. The following sample of cases have gone before the U.S. Supreme Court, are part of our extensive case law on civil rights, and as such are good examples of civil rights cases. Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857) As one of the first cases to deal with civil rights, the issue here focused on whether enslaved individuals or their descendants could be considered U.S. citizens with rights. The Court ruled that African Americans, whether enslaved or free, were not U.S. citizens and therefore had no standing to sue in federal courts. This decision further entrenched slavery and was a catalyst for the Civil War. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) In another historic case, the Court had to decide whether state laws requiring racial segregation on trains violated the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. The Court upheld the "separate but equal" doctrine, which allowed for racial segregation as long as facilities were equal. This decision legitimized racial segregation for decades. Brown v. Board of Education (1954) This case put to test the “separate but equal” doctrine. The Court had to determine whether racial segregation in public schools violated the Equal Protection Clause. The Court unanimously ruled that separate educational facilities were inherently unequal and ordered the desegregation of public schools, overturning Plessy v. Ferguson. This decision marked a major milestone in the civil rights movement. Gideon v. Wainwright (1963) In this case, the Court had to decide whether indigent defendants had the right to counsel in criminal trials under the Sixth Amendment. It held that states were required to provide legal counsel to defendants who couldn't afford an attorney. This decision significantly strengthened the right to legal representation for all. Loving v. Virginia (1967) The State of Virginia had a ban on interracial marriage, and in this case, the Court had to decide whether the ban violated the Equal Protection Clause. The Court unanimously ruled that laws prohibiting interracial marriage were unconstitutional, effectively legalizing interracial marriage across the United States. Roe v. Wade (1973) In this famous case, the Court determined whether a woman had the right to choose to have an abortion under the right to privacy. The Court recognized a woman's right to choose to have an abortion, but also established that this right was not absolute and could be regulated by the states in certain ways. This case, however, was recently overturned in 2022 by Dobbs v. Jackson Women's Health Organization (2022), with the Court claiming abortion is not a right. Obergefell v. Hodges (2015) In another marriage-related case, the Court had to decide whether state bans on same-sex marriage violated the Fourteenth Amendment's Equal Protection and Due Process Clauses. Like in Loving v. Virginia, the Court ruled that same-sex marriage bans were unconstitutional, legalizing same-sex marriage nationwide. This decision marked a significant victory for LGBTQ+ rights. Who to Sue for Civil Rights Violations in New York When your civil rights are violated, you might be able to sue for a remedy. Limits exist, but generally speaking and depending on the facts and circumstances, you might be able to sue: - Government officials or agencies - Educational institutions - Private persons or entities - Public accommodations - Medical professionals and healthcare facilities Government Officials and Agencies Government officials and agencies can be sued for violating a person's civil rights. These violations can occur at various levels of government: local, state, and federal. Two examples often reported in the media involve: - Law enforcement agents or agencies who are often protected by immunity, but have been held to be liable for civil rights violations like excessive force, false arrest, and racial profiling; and - Government agencies, which are responsible for enforcing and implementing laws like the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) or the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), can be held accountable for discrimination or other civil rights violations. Employers can be sued for civil rights violations in cases of workplace discrimination or harassment. Discrimination occurs when an employer discriminates against an employee based on their race, color, religion, sex, national origin, age, disability, or another protected class. Harassment occurs when a hostile work environment is created via harassment, including but not limited to sexual harassment. Educational institutions, both public and private, can be sued for civil rights violations, particularly in cases of discrimination or unequal treatment. Of particular importance are Title IX violations. Under Title IX, educational institutions can be held accountable for failing to address gender-based discrimination or sexual harassment effectively. Disability discrimination is another particularly important violation. Educational institutions can be sued if they do not provide reasonable accommodations to students with disabilities, as required by the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and other related federal and state laws. Private Individuals or Entities In some situations, private individuals or entities can be sued for civil rights violations and can also face criminal action. Two of the most common civil rights violations committed by private individuals or entities include: - Housing discrimination, where landlords or property owners discriminate against tenants based on their protected characteristics (e.g., race, marital status, gender, or religion); and - Hate crimes, where individuals commit crimes based on prejudice against a person's protected characteristics (e.g., race, ethnicity, gender, or religion). Businesses that offer public accommodations (e.g., restaurants, hotels, and retail stores) are subject to laws that prohibit discrimination. If these establishments discriminate against customers based on their protected characteristics, they can be sued for civil rights violations. Medical Professionals and Healthcare Facilities In healthcare settings, civil rights violations can occur when patients are subjected to discrimination, neglect, or mistreatment. Healthcare professionals and facilities may be sued for such violations. The Civil Rights Complaint Process in New York If you suspect your civil rights have been violated, you should follow a few specific steps to make sure you protect your rights moving forward. Though this process may vary depending on the facts and circumstances, you will want to: - Document the incident. Collect evidence, including photographs, videos, witness statements, and any relevant documents. - File a complaint. Contact the appropriate government agency or entity responsible for handling civil rights complaints. This may include the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD), your state's equivalent of the same two departments, and/or the local police department. - Consult an attorney. Seek legal counsel to protect your rights throughout the process and ensure your complaint is properly handled. At Evan Miles Goldberg PLLC, we know that civil rights violations can occur in various settings and involve a range of individuals, entities, and institutions. Holding responsible parties accountable is the most critical step in seeking justice and ensuring that the principles of equality and justice are upheld in our society. Consequences of Not Seeking Help for Civil Rights Violations Failure to address civil rights violations can have serious consequences that impact both the victim and society. These consequences can include: - Sustained discrimination or harassment - Missed employment or housing opportunities - Emotional and physical distress - Erosion of your rights and freedoms If you are a victim of a civil rights violation, contact our civil rights lawyer in New York to discuss your situation. If you have a viable case, we can advise you on your best course of action to obtain a remedy. Remedies for Civil Rights Violations When your civil rights have been violated, potential remedies may include: - Financial compensation for damages - Injunctions to halt ongoing violations - Reinstatement to your job or housing - Changes in policies or practices to prevent future violations In some egregious circumstances and depending on the jurisdiction, you might also be able to demand punitive damages. These are damages designed to punish the at-fault party and prevent the same unlawful conduct from happening in the future. How to Know If Your Civil Rights Have Been Violated in New York It can be hard for people to recognize a civil rights violation. It can be even harder for people to determine whether the civil rights violation is actionable. If you find yourself in any of the below situations, then you likely have a civil rights case. These are only examples, though, because many other situations can result in civil rights violations. Unequal Treatment or Discrimination Based on a Protected Characteristic - Terminated due to a request for leave to observe a religious holiday or care for a family member suffering from an illness - Denied a rental application because you are married to a person of the same sex - Unable to access an educational institution because disabled and elevators or ramps are not provided Experiencing Police Misconduct - Attacked by police dogs even though not resisting an arrest - Evidence was planted on your person or property - Arrested without probable cause to do so Facing Retaliation for Exercising Your Civil Rights - Demoted after complaining to human resources of racial or sexual harassment - Subjected to threats of calling the police or reporting immigration status - Prevented from participating in school activities for filing a discrimination complaint Being Denied Access or Services - Refused service at a restaurant for wearing religious headgear - Unable to access a retail store because the store failed to provide handicapped-accessible parking - Denied entrance to a library because the public library barred service animals Encountering Violations of Your First Amendment Rights - Falsely arrested on trumped-up charges after complaining about the local police department on social media - Arrested for peacefully protesting on public property - Raided for publishing a news article about corruption in the mayor's office If you experience any of the above or something similar, you should contact a civil rights attorney in New York immediately. Even if none of them apply but you think you might have a civil rights case, contact Evan Miles Goldberg PLLC to discuss your specific situation. Why Choose Our Civil Rights Attorney in New York Working with our skilled civil rights attorney from Evan Miles Goldberg PLLC offers numerous advantages, including: - In-depth knowledge of civil rights law - Strong advocacy and representation in court - Assistance with the complaint filing process - Access to resources and a network of experts - Maximizing compensation and remedies Civil rights lawsuits can be complex and require a thorough understanding of the law. If you believe your civil rights have been violated, consult with our civil rights attorney. We will assess your case, guide you through the legal process, and help you determine who should be held accountable for the violations you have experienced. Contact a Civil Rights Lawyer in New York Today At Evan Miles Goldberg PLLC, our civil rights attorney in New York is dedicated to defending your civil rights and ensuring justice prevails. Contact us today by filling out the online form or calling us at (212) 888-6497. We will schedule a consultation and, together, we will take the first step toward safeguarding your rights and promoting a fair and equitable outcome.

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2024-12-08T01:09:19Z

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The benefits of a multi-sensory environment have become much more apparent in recent years, with a key indicator of this being the steadily increasing appearance of sensory rooms in schools and outside of the typical home/care home environment in general. While sensory rooms in the home are, of course, incredibly beneficial, sensory rooms in schools enable the benefits they provide to spread even further into other areas of the affected individual's life. A sensory area is a space that has been optimised for positive sensory input, typically using lighting, sounds and tactile equipment. They are often used by those with sensory processing difficulties including ADHD, autism and SPD, or those prone to sensory overload. We’ve looked at the general benefits of sensory rooms in a previous post, but there are some benefits specific to classroom sensory rooms. • Promoting the inclusion of special populations Around 14% of all public school students in the UK receive special educational services – that’s about 7.3 million students. When a mainstream school creates a sensory space, it means that it can provide a more tailored learning environment for neurodivergent or disabled students which would allow them to keep up in the classroom with their neurotypical counterparts. • Creating a safe space Sensory rooms provide a safe and supportive space for neurodivergent and disabled students to escape the potentially overwhelming environment of a busy classroom. This encourages those students to succeed socially and academically and can provide them with tools and coping skills to learn more effectively. • Relieving stresses on students Sensory spaces allow students to learn at their own pace and develop skills without pressure, while encouraging them to express themselves in an effective, gentle way, and helping them learn how to manage their own emotions. Sensory rooms in schools can facilitate a wide range of special educational needs, from autistic individuals to students with learning difficulties, and even those with physical disabilities. • Relieving stresses on teachers When a neurodivergent or disabled child has emotional or behavioural difficulties, or if they are susceptible to meltdowns, the environment can quickly become distracting for all students, and the teacher is under pressure to maintain a productive and calm classroom. Giving the student a space to work through their feelings allows teachers to manage these situations more easily. • Reduced risk of potentially dangerous incidents In most cases, a neurodivergent or disabled child is no more at risk of violence than a neurotypical child. However, a student who is overwhelmed and has no healthy outlet might turn to self-destructive behaviours (such as hitting themselves or banging their heads against a desk). In extreme cases, they might engage in destructive behaviours towards others. The best way to stop this from occurring is to prevent it, and give the student a place to go to express themselves more constructively. • Extension of home sensory learning Sensory rooms in the classroom can serve as an extension of at-home sensory learning, whether that’s a full sensory room or a few toys. They can be very useful for those families who might not be able to afford a sensory room or cannot dedicate the space for one, and can also help students by allowing them to experience effective sensory strategies outside of the home. • Can be used by all students The benefits of sensory spaces are not restricted to neurodivergent or disabled students. They can be used as a relaxing, calming space for any student, allowing them to step away from the stress or pressure of school life. Encouraging the use of sensory rooms in schools among neurotypical students also normalises the experience. Creating an effective multi-sensory room at school depends on choosing the right sensory products. While private sensory rooms are tailored to target a particular individual's sensory needs, a shared environment should try to accommodate as many needs as possible. • Goals – is the sensory room intended to be calming or interactive for its users, or should it be able to accommodate both? Bubble tubes, for example, are soothing to watch, yet also stimulate visual and communicative development. • Design - curved walls, ample space and openness are most beneficial, as well as painting the room's walls in calming colours. Check out our guide to autism-friendly colours as a useful starting point! • Lighting – when choosing a space to use as your sensory room in school, try to find one with no windows (or with windows that you can easily cover over), as this will enable you to control the environment's lighting. • Location – try to locate your sensory room in a quiet part of school (i.e. not next to the playground or music department!). One of the prohibitive factors that might concern schools when looking at installing a sensory space is the cost. However, this needn’t stop you from creating a sensory room at school! You can create a sensory room on a budget to reduce costs, using smaller or cheaper items to create an overall sensory experience. To find funding, you should first take a look for any grants that might be available for sensory rooms at schools – check out some of the available educational grants for schools. At Experia, we’ve worked extensively with Lord Taverner’s in the past to create amazing sensory spaces. You can also fundraise within the school. Some great ideas include: • School fairs • Parent donations • Sponsored events We’ve created a fundraising pack that includes more fundraising ideas, sample letters, tips and other bits to help you create a successful campaign! Seating in the Watford FC sensory room Schools are certainly not the only place where a sensory room can be valuable – sensory spaces are used across a range of different sectors to enable disabled or neurodivergent people to receive the support they need wherever they are, enabling them to enjoy life to the full! Along with care homes and respite centres, multi-sensory environments have become increasingly popular in busy public venues such as shopping centres, airports and football stadiums. When people think of accessibility, the main things that come to mind are likely ramps instead of stairs and disabled toilets. Those are both very important, but the spectrum of accessibility needs is much broader than that, and available sensory spaces can make the world much more accessible for many people. If you need assistance setting up your school's sensory room, please contact the sensory experts at Experia today.

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https://www.experia.co.uk/blog/benefits-of-sensory-rooms-in-schools/

2024-12-07T23:55:08Z

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The Evolution of Government Technology Over the last few decades, government technologies have gotten faster, cheaper, and in some ways have changed the industry as a whole. In the early 2000’s we saw government agencies replacing mainframes with personal computers. This saved a lot of money and allowed them to work on targeted programs to take on things like document management. So where did the government evolve from there? The Rise of The Internet: The internet has been around for more than 20 years but If you think back to 20 years ago, could you have imagined carrying around essentially a mini computer in your pocket or purse? That is our currently reality. Virtually anything you want is at your fingertips. From 2000 to 2010, the number of Internet users increased 500 percent, from 361 million worldwide to almost 2 billion. Now, close to 4 billion people throughout the world use the Internet. And while the internet has seen mostly positive impacts, it also has a darker side. The government has had to protect themselves from cybercriminals lurking to steal data or even spread racist ideologies online. Introducing… The CIO: With the reliance on the Internet growing and growing, government agencies found themselves needing someone to keep track and be on top of the new tech to ensure it stays up to date and running properly. That’s when the Chief Information Officer was introduced into the government sector. Early goals for CIOs were to put everything online. Have a bill to pay? No need to wait in line. CIOs thought of this as early form of automation. But not everyone saw that as a ‘great’ labor saving idea, some workers viewed it as killing jobs. Electronic Voting Became a Reality: Within the last two decades we have essentially said ‘goodbye’ to the old paper system and hello to electronic voting methods. During the 2016 election, according to the Pew Research Center, 47 percent of voters across the U.S. voted with optical scanners, 28 percent with touchscreens and 19 percent with a combination of both, with only a small handful of jurisdictions using paper only methods. Great, right? Well, questions regarding ensuring the integrity of elections has resulted in many jurisdictions are going to utilize paper trail backups- so some may view that as two steps forward one step back. Social Media Is King: Social media has helped the government seem more accessible and keep them more accountable. Not only are citizens utilizing social platforms, jurisdictions are using it as another way to communicate with the public. Notifications about local events, natural disasters, and PSAs are just a few ways they are utilizing social. You are also now seeing running and elected officials using it as a channel to talk with their supporters. Surveillance Went Digital: In the early 2000’s you probably saw police officers roaming the streets, both by car and on foot. The main goal? To get to know the community- the good and bad players. Now, they still have the same goal, only police departments are getting some help with tech like facial recognition, cameras/microphones, and drones. Tech like gunshot detection allows officers to more precisely locate gunshot calls and body cams on officers help the department with internal investigations. While we have come a long way in the last few decades, technology in the government sector is going to continue to grow and evolve. What are you imagining the government looking like in 10 or 20 years? Will we see self-driving cars? Voting on mobile phones? Only time will tell. Here at Extract, it is our priority to utilize technology to safeguard information and allow employees freedom from manual and repetitive workflow tasks. Our automated redaction software uses machine learning techniques to read your documents like a human would, and find the information you need redacted. If you’d like to learn more about how we can help you automate your redaction or indexing needs, please reach out today.

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https://www.extractsystems.com/the-evolution-of-government-technology/

2024-12-08T01:05:42Z

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The question "What do we do?" when facing the historical problem of racism is complex. It's even more complex to answer that question as a member of the demographics targeted by racism. Responses to the question are often trite and lack the content adequate to the problem. In contrast, Professor Micah L. McCreary offers a robust, trauma-informed analysis of racism's impact on African (Black), Latino/a/x, Native (Indigenous), and Asian Americans that addresses complexity and proves adequate to the problem. This book is sure to become a classic text in its field. This book is about trauma-informed counseling with racially traumatized African (Black), Latino/a/x, Asian, and Native (Indigenous) Americans (ALANAs). ALANAs face the difficulties of systemic racism and experiences of trauma. Any attempt by trauma-informed professionals to help or heal must consider the intersection of race and trauma. Counselors working with race and trauma must use a trauma-informed blueprint to address trauma issues. Comprehending the components and intersectionality of trauma and race is critical to healing and strengthening hurting people, particularly ALANAs. The book explores the matters of race and trauma through discussions of sociological issues; the intersectionality of race, gender, and class; and benign neglect of ALANAs. This book makes an important contribution to the conversation on race and trauma because its purpose is to equip healers with the tools necessary to assist individuals, families, groups, and communities to heal from abuse, discrimination, and maltreatment. - Publisher Fortress Press - Format Hardcover - ISBN 9781506481128 - eBook ISBN 9781506481135 - Dimensions 5.75 x 8.75 - Pages 170 - Publication Date September 19, 2023 Reggie L. Williams, McCormick Theological Seminary Drawing on years of clinical practice, Trauma and Race answers the question of how to provide trauma-informed counseling that attends to the role of interlocking systems of oppression in racial trauma. McCreary deftly explores both theory and practice to offer creative therapeutic techniques that incorporate attention to psychological, social, and spiritual perspectives. This book is a necessary companion for therapists, counselors, chaplains, and pastoral caregivers--all of whom seek to provide healing at the intersection of race and trauma. Leah Thomas, Anabaptist Mennonite Biblical Seminary

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://www.fortresspress.com/store/product/9781506481128/Trauma-and-Race

2024-12-08T00:40:35Z

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A child’s mental well-being is just as important as their physical health. The following list is a compilation of activities that can help children to feel better, sleep better, and be more creative. Some of these activities are designed for kids with special needs, such as autism spectrum disorder or ADHD. Introduction: Why is this important? This is important because it helps children develop healthy habits and teaches them how to be active. Physical activity is a great way for your child to stay healthy and happy. Here are some activities that you can do with your child: - Go for a walk or bike ride together - Play outside with other children - Do jumping jacks, dance around the living room, or play tag with your child in the backyard Using Movement as a Way of Telling Stories Movement is an art that can be used to tell a story. It is a form of self-expression and it can be done in many ways. One way of using movement as a way of telling stories is through dance. Dance has been used for centuries to tell stories from different cultures and religions. Another way to use movement as a storytelling tool is through theater. Theater is an art that has been around for centuries and it relies on the movements of the actors or dancers to tell the story. There are many ways that people can use movement as a storytelling tool, no matter what culture they come from or what religion they practice. Read more about other activities with kids in our post about Hilarious Ways to Keep Your Kids Entertained. Participating in Art Activities Art activities are a way to stimulate creativity and can be used as a therapeutic intervention for children. In art therapy, the therapist will use art materials as a way to communicate with the child. Art therapists may also use art activities to help children express their feelings or address specific problems. The Five Ways to Wellbeing – boosting mental wellbeing Exploring Nature with Your Child Nature exploration is one of the most enriching and fulfilling activities that a parent can do with their child. There are many benefits to doing so, such as increased physical activity and improved mental health. This section will explore the benefits of nature exploration, how to get started, and how to make it more fun for your children. Other article to read:

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https://www.freestuffbaby.co.uk/the-best-mental-wellness-activities-for-kids/

2024-12-07T23:39:11Z

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Lake Nakuru is a shallow strongly alkaline lake set in a picturesque landscape of surrounding woodland and grassland. The landscape includes areas of marsh and grasslands alternating with rocky cliffs and outcrops, stretches of acacia woodland and rocky hillsides covered with a Euphorbia forest. The lake’s catchment is bounded by Menengai crater to the north, the Bahati hills to the north east, the lion hill ranges to the east, eburu crater to the south and the mau escarpment to the west. Three rivers, the Njoro, Makalia and Enderit drain into the lake. Lake Nakuru was first gazetted as a bird sanctuary in 1960 and upgraded to National Park status in 1968. A northern extension was added to the park in 1974 and the lake was designated as a Ramsar site in 1990. The foundation of the park’s food chains is the cyanophytespirulinaplatensis which can support huge numbers of lesser flamingo. During peak season over one million flamingos congregate on the lake plus half a million pelicans. The Park also contains Kenya’s largest population of rhinos.The surface of the lake occupies about a third of the park. The lake supports a dense bloom of the blue-green CyanophyteSpirulinaplatensis from which it derives its colour. It is a food source for flamingos. The lake is fringed by alkaline swamps with areas of sedge, cypruslaevigatus and typha marsh along the river inflows and springs. The surrounding areas support a dry transitional savanna with lake margin grasslands. Climatic conditions – Warm and dry Wildlife – Birds: Up to 1.5 million flamingos plus 450 other species of birds. Fauna includes Thompson’s and Grant’s gazelle, the rare long-eared leaf-nosed bat, colobus monkey, rock hyrax, hippo, leopard, lion, rhino, waterbuck, impala, gazelle, striped hyena, bat-eared fox, wild cat, reedbuck and golden cat. Restocked mammals include the lion, black and white rhino and the endangered Rothschild’s giraffe. Activities – Bird watching, camping, picnic, finest views of the lake from Baboon Cliff, Lion Hill and Out of Africa Hill Best time to visit – All year round Accommodation – Lodges: Sarova Lion Hill Lodge, Lake Nakuru Lodge. KWS self-catering accommodation: Naishi Guest House, Flamingo Guesthouse For booking contact Greeb Hills Ecotours: +250 788219495 or [email protected]

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https://www.greenhillsecotours.com/lake-nakuru-national-park-at-a-glance-kenya/

2024-12-08T00:04:12Z

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CHAP Portfolio Projects This occurs when sufficient steps have not been taken to avoid or minimize adverse impacts to aquatic or terrestrial resources. Compensation includes mitigation undertaken to replace lost or adversely impacted habitat with habitat having similar functions of equal or greater ecological value. Mitigation or compensation for impacts can occur for loss of habitat, development of threatened and endangered species habitat, and damages caused by oil spills or contaminates. CHAP approach moves away from simple mitigation ratios that only account for area or acres affected to accounting for the biodiversity and functions the habitat and acreage provides. To follow are several examples of areas that were evaluated as part of Oregon’s Willamette Valley wildlife habitat loss assessment. - Beggren (Hunsaker) – Oregon - Green Island – Oregon - Herbert Farms – Oregon - Noble Farms – Oregon - Trappist Abby – Oregon - Wildish – Oregon - Zena – Oregon This results in activities to address or restore significant ecosystem function, structure, and dynamic processes that have been degraded. Ecosystem restoration efforts involve a comprehensive examination of the problems contributing to the system degradation, and the development of alternative means for their solution. This approach is often viewed as putting back the pieces necessary to make it whole again. The intent of restoration is to partially or fully reestablish the attributes of a naturalistic, functioning, and self-regulating system. To do this evaluation CHAP assesses baseline conditions along with and without the project whereby “with project” includes alternative solutions to address or fix the problem(s). To follow are several examples of areas that were evaluated for ecosystem restoration. - Big Bear Lake – California - Headworks – Los Angeles River – California - San Francisco Bay – South Shoreline – California Flood Risk Management: This is managing for both floodwaters to reduce the potential of flooding and floodplains to reduce the consequence of flooding. To do this evaluation, CHAP assesses baseline conditions along with and without the project whereby “with project” includes alternative solutions to address or fix the problem(s). To follow is an example of an area that was evaluated for Flood Risk Management. - Los Angeles River – California Develop a Baseline Ecological Condition: This is describing and evaluating the existing conditions of an area that include its species, habitat types, structural conditions, key environmental correlates and functions that occur at a site or project. Baseline condition assessments are usually done to establish a base whereby future actions can be gauged against. To follow are several examples of sites that were assessed to determine baseline conditions. - Chahalpam – Oregon - Espanola – New Mexico - Other Idaho-Oregon-Washington Sites

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2024-12-08T00:44:21Z

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Kumaji Furuya set his gaze upon a wedge of geese crossing the Louisiana sky. It was October 1942, and unaccustomed to the climate and family separation, the prisoner was in search of ways to temper the pain. To the guards keeping watch, the birds may have meant nothing, but the 53-year-old Japanese man had only ever seen wild geese in books. He later wrote in his memoir, An Internment Odyssey, that they looked motionless and beautiful, a promise of cooler weather, an end to days wasted lying in cool pits dug beneath barrack floors. Built in 1940 in a clearing of pines, one of a cluster of Army posts in the area, Camp Livingston was installed 12 miles northeast of Alexandria, Louisiana, for the purpose of training entire divisions. After the attacks on the American naval base at Pearl Harbor, a portion of Livingston was converted to an internment camp. In June 1942, after a month at Camp Forrest in Tennessee, Furuya transferred to Livingston. He was among dozens of other civilians and a single prisoner of war, Ensign Kazuo Sakamaki, who was captured in Hawaii, after the coordinated attack, when his “midget” submarine smashed against coral reefs and sank. (As the war raged on, a few dozen more Japanese POWs came and went.) For the approximate year, civilians were held in camp — before German and Italian POWs replaced them. They came in waves, arriving by train, more than 1,100 Japanese immigrants (“Issei” in Japanese), who left behind families and communities across the United States. Furuya didn’t know if he would die in this camp, but he knew he’d committed no treasonous crimes. None of the civilians had, and faced with the enormity of this injustice, some of them barely coped. Some fell into depression and poor health and some died. At least seven, in various camps, were shot and killed. At Fort Sill, in Oklahoma, a fellow Issei from Hawaii, Kanesaburo Oshima, was gunned down for trying to scale a fence. Witnesses said leaving his wife to care for 11 children and a failing business was too much for him to bear. Nobody knew when — or if — this war would end. Rumors that it might last 25 years, perhaps 100 years, prompted some internees to reluctantly volunteer for a prisoner exchange with Japan, a country many hadn’t seen in more than half a lifetime. At least there, they reasoned, they could live outside of the barbed wire. This nightmare began before 353 Imperial Japanese aircraft showered bombs on Pearl Harbor: Dec. 7, 1941. The surprise attack stunned Furuya as much as anyone else. Nevertheless, that afternoon, while his son, an ROTC cadet, defended Farrington High School nearby, two officers hauled Furuya away. He left without a struggle and with only the clothes on his back, assuming the matter would quickly resolve. But it didn’t turn out that way. Unbeknownst to him, Furuya had been placed on the Custodial Detention Index (aka the A-B-C classification matrix), a covert government program established to surveille “aliens” and rank them into three levels of ostensible risk to national security, in case war should break out. Fueled by xenophobia and paranoia, thousands of people were interned based on their ethnic background: “17,447 of Japanese ancestry, 11,507 of German ancestry, 2,730 of Italian ancestry, and 185 others,” writes historian and camp survivor Tetsuden Kashima.

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https://www.historynewsnetwork.org/article/forgotten-camps-living-history-japanese-internment

2024-12-08T01:03:02Z

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Peck around in online poultry forums and you’re bound to find chicken keepers talking about poop. There’s a lot of it, and knowing how it looks and smells can provide clues to digestive health. Even so, according to Gail Damerow, author of The Chicken Health Handbook (2015, 2nd edition), too many people are obsessing about what their chickens eat and what their poop looks like. “Don’t complicate things,” says Damerow, who has kept chickens since 1970. “Feed a proper diet, and the chickens will do fine.” She currently keeps 30 Rhode Island Reds for eggs on her Tennessee farm and a dozen black Silkies for fun. Damerow does watch their poop for signs of trouble, which we’ll review later. “But some degree of variation in color and texture is normal, just like with humans,” she explains. How The Process Begins We’ll get back to the tail end of chicken digestion and digestive health in a moment. First, let’s talk about where digestion starts: the beak. Because chickens do not have any teeth, the beak is an important tool that begins the digestive process. When eating, chickens pick up and drop larger food items to tear them into smaller pieces they can swallow. Swallowed food moves down the esophagus to a pouch called the crop. You might have noticed the crop as a bulging area at the base of a chicken’s neck. Chickens gobble up food while on the lookout for predators. The crop provides a place to store the quickly eaten food until later, when the birds get to a protected area and can digest in peace. Depending on the food, its consistency and the amount of moisture, the crop empties to the stomach a little at a time, which can take as long as 24 hours. Though fairly rare, crops can also be affected by too much grass, overeating soft treats and not drinking enough water. In the stomach, digestive acids and enzymes begin softening what’s been eaten for passage to the gizzard—a sort of second stomach with a tough lining. The gizzard holds small stones called gastroliths, which are necessary components of a chicken’s diet. The gizzard’s strong muscle contractions agitate the food against the grit, similar to how we chew with our teeth. Food then passes from the gizzard into the intestines where nutrients are absorbed. Intestinal pockets called ceca collect fibrous food, where bacterial action further breaks it down. Eventually, waste matter from the digestive and urinary tracts combine in the cloaca and gather in a fecal chamber for expulsion through the vent. So what is a proper diet that will keep optimum digestive health among your chickens? Michelle Koeppe, owner of Phasian Farms in Sherwood, Oregon, recommends a varied diet with good foundational food. She uses an all-purpose food because her flock ranges in age and includes male birds that don’t need the additional calcium provided by layer feeds. In addition to commercial feeds designated as all-purpose and layer, there are starter feeds for young chicks. Some of these are medicated. Commercial feeds are nutritionally balanced and are the simplest way to ensure a flock’s general health and digestive health in particular. Koeppe’s birds also free-range for greens and insects, and she supplements with legumes and medicinal herbs, including nettles, oregano and mint. Variety can help provide a nutritionally balanced diet, and it stimulates chickens mentally so they’re happier. Because chickens can get worms, Koeppe adds lavender and rosemary to the bedding, which the chickens nibble. “These are beneficial to the digestive tract and serve as a natural agent that destroys or expels parasitic worms,” she says. Also, as a worming preventative, she provides a monthly dose of garlic in the chickens’ drinking water by steeping eight small to medium cloves per gallon overnight. (This small amount of garlic isn’t likely to affect the taste of the eggs.) For her mixed flock of around 100, Koeppe occasionally puts out a charred piece of wood for her hens to peck. “Charcoal is beneficial to a clean digestive tract,” she says. Lorree Cummings, who owns Stone Cottage Farm & Garden in Summit County, Ohio, ensures digestive health by making sure greens are always available. As her fast-growing meat birds get heavy, she puts out kale and other greens, anchored with stones in clay pots near their feeder. Ample water is also vital for good digestion. Cummings, who has been keeping chickens for more than 40 years, gives her birds natural spring water free of chlorine or fluoride. “These are chemicals they don’t need to process,” she says. “If I didn’t have my own spring, I’d purify the water using a Berkey [water filter] or something similar.” Variety Is Good, But Quick Change Is Bad Chickens are hearty and enjoy variety, but Damerow cautions against getting carried away with feed recipes from ill-informed sources. “Find a brand of commercial ration that works well for you, and make that the primary source of nutrients,” she says. “The biggest thing to avoid is sudden or abrupt changes in a flock’s diet.” When changing feeds, Damerow recommends mixing them and gradually increasing the one you’re switching to. She also advises keeping treats to a minimum and being careful of corn. Feeding too much corn, alone or in scratch and grain mixes, can lead to obesity. “An obese hen doesn’t lay a lot of eggs,” she says, adding that obesity is a major reason many backyard hens stop laying early and then experience health problems. Brett Ottolenghi, owner of Artisanal Foods in Amargosa, Nevada, couldn’t find commercial feed without soy or corn. His solution was to plant triticale, a wheat-and-rye hybrid grain, which gets ground with alfalfa for his birds’ feed. A 40-acre pistachio grove provides Ottolenghi’s flock with cover from overhead predators. They roost in the trees, reminiscent of junglefowl, the ancestors of today’s domestic chickens. On acreage that contains calcium-rich caliche, which is good for the formation of eggs, the flock density is a generous 108 square feet per bird. “We’re taking chickens’ natural desires and habitat into account,” Ottolenghi says. His flock is now a mix of heritage breeds that lay for restaurants on the Las Vegas strip. In addition to triticale grains, the greens of the plants are fed. So is fruit from old apricot and pomegranate trees on site, and any fallen pistachios. Know The Evidence Upon Exit “Chickens expel two kinds of poop,” Damerow says. “Regular droppings consist of a blob of brown or grayish or greenish digestive waste topped with white urates, the chicken’s equivalent of urine. Cecal droppings are more pasty or foamy and lack the white urate cap.” Chickens should excrete both kinds. Beyond these, be alert for trouble signs: Damerow advises keepers to look for tinges of blood, new odors or exceedingly runny droppings. She’s also quick to add that runny poop can occur when chickens drink a lot of water in hot weather or eat juicy treats such as watermelon. Color changes, too, might not be cause for concern. If your chickens’ poop looks suddenly different, consider what they’re being fed that’s different or new: Reddish poop might be from beets you recently fed them. Koeppe concurs, saying that about a third of daily droppings might be wet or loose because of ample greens and water but are nothing to worry about. “The first droppings of the day are quite large,” she says. A broody hen that seldom leaves the nest will also have extremely large droppings. “From time to time, there might be reddish strings in droppings, which—if inert—is old intestinal lining being shed,” Koeppe says. “What would be of concern are droppings with what looks like coffee grinds in them, which suggests internal bleeding.” Moving worms in droppings, consistently runny or bloody poops, or droppings that stick to the vent are also cause for concern. Knowing how much your flock typically eats can also provide information. That’s why Koeppe suggests feeding a determined amount of food sometimes instead of free-feeding, because you’re able to tell when the flock’s appetite changes. “If birds are not eating heartily, are acting lethargic or are remaining solitary with their plumage puffed out, it’s time to get a closer look,” she says. Isolating birds that show signs of trouble is wise, and a vet visit is prudent. Damerow once raised a batch of chicks from eggs laid by her chickens. “For the first time ever,” she says, “I had a problem with chickens picking each other’s feathers until they were positively naked.” After eliminating stress and the possibility of a genetic tendency, she concluded that it must be a dietary issue. One by one, she increased their protein, added more fiber and offered supplements. Nothing helped. She then switched from a national feed brand to a regionally produced non-GMO feed, with no more picking issues. “I’m not saying the picking problem was caused by GMOs in the ration,” she says. “I’m just observing that we saw no more picking after we switched to a different brand.” The experience leads her to offer this advice: “If chickens don’t do well on one brand of feed, try another.” She also advises to keep clean drinking water available at all times. Damerow’s right that there’s no need to obsess over food and poop. Follow these simple tips and sound advice for healthy birds in your own chicken paradise. Some chicken keepers supplement their flocks’ diet with yogurt, which adds beneficial calcium and protein. “Chickens do produce lactase and can absorb it in small quantities,” says Koeppe. She makes her own yogurt from a neighbor’s unprocessed goat’s milk, believing it might be easier to process than pasteurized products. Damerow agrees. She keeps dairy goats and mixes surplus milk with hay “fines” from the bottom of the manger. She lets it sit overnight. “By morning, the milk has coagulated and smells pleasantly herbal,” she says. “The chickens love it. This is raw milk straight from the goat, mind you. I would not recommend doing this with pasteurized milk.” Free-range chickens might pick up small stones as they peck about, but most keepers agree that it’s wise to offer packaged supplemental grit if your chickens are eating anything besides commercial feed. Crushed oyster shell is also a necessary supplement for laying hens. This article originally appeared in the May/June 2017 issue of Chickens.

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://www.hobbyfarms.com/chicken-digestive-health-chickens-guide-tips/

2024-12-07T23:08:09Z

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Germany’s Energiewende–energy transition, or energy revolution–is a plan to phase out nuclear and coal energy, in an effort to move towards a low-carbon and ‘green’ economy. This plan, considered controversial even before the war in Ukraine, is now catapulting Germany towards an unprecedented energy crisis. The History of Energiewende But how and when did Energiewende come to be? The anti-nuclear movement was born not long after the first commercial nuclear power plant came online in 1969 in Obrigheim. After the global oil crisis, Germany’s nuclear programme was given a major boost. In 1973, the ‘Atom Programme’ guaranteed substantial government funds to the nuclear industry, with the goal of increasing nuclear-generated electricity output by 500% by 1985. With the programme, however, came the extremely active public opposition, with slogans such as ‘Nuclear Energy? No Thanks!’. The term ‘Energiewende’ was coined around the time when the Green Party was founded in 1979 – 1980, with the key demands of discontinuing nuclear energy and moving towards a renewable future. The negative sentiments towards nuclear energy were only reinforced by the Chernobyl disaster in 1986, which was the first notable event to truly solidify the anti-nuclear stance of a large part of the German public. The term ‘Energiewende’ was coined around the time when the Green Party was founded in 1979 – 1980 At the same time, growing concerns over climate change were sparked in part due to the disaster. The Greens were calling for an immediate shutdown of nuclear plants, while the Social Democratic Party (SPD) was calling for a structured phase-out. On the opposite end of the spectrum the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) defended atomic energy as a sensible answer to climate change, as nuclear power plants do not produce CO2. As a result of conflicting political and scientific views on nuclear power and climate change, an independent body of scientists, politicians and industry leaders, The Enquete Commission on Preventive Measures to Protect the Atmosphere was founded in 1987. The commission’s 1989 report found that there was ‘an extraordinary need for action’ to protect the environment. Despite this, not much was done to really cut down on CO2 emissions, as the wheels of bureaucracy turned rather slowly. But in the wake of the Kyoto Protocols’ adoption, the government formed by the Social-Democratic and Green alliance in 2002, known as the “red-green government”, reached a “nuclear consensus” to phase out all nuclear plants–limiting the lifespan of plants to 32 years–by 2022, to pander to those who feared the technology. The enactment of the Renewable Energy Act of 2000 (EEG) was meant to help reduce CO2 emissions by providing functional and financial support for cost-competitive nuclear plants (until their decommission) and renewable energy sources. The Stade and Obrigheim plants were taken offline in 2003 and 2005 respectively, which was met with heavy criticism by Angela Merkel, calling the measures a ‘destruction of national property’, which would be reversed if the CDU came to power. Standing by her word, after the 2009 CDU victory in the elections, chancellor Angela Merkel and the coalition government mandated a 12-year delay of the phase-out schedule. Polls showed that the majority of the population consistently supported the phase-out plans However in 2011, the Fukushima disaster happened, the second and final notable event that cemented the anti-nuclear stance of Germany. In the following days, in a sudden U-turn, Angela Merkel’s CDU reversed their pro-nuclear stance, and instead opted to go full throttle with the nuclear phase-out, vowing to limit the remaining nuclear plants’ lifetime and shut them down by 2022. Polls showed that the majority of the population consistently supported the phase-out plans. The Impending Energy Crisis Despite the fact that Merkel vowed to fill the energy-gap that resulted from doing away with nuclear power by relying on renewables, the promise was not kept. In 2021, Germany’s top power source was coal, followed by wind energy. To make up for the missing energy, Germany is also burning more natural gas, 32% of which was imported from Russia in 2021. Now that the war in Ukraine rages on and sanctions are in effect, Germany can no longer rely on Russian gas. While the German government scrambles to find a way to lower their dependence, Russia has cut the gas flow to 40% capacity. This could lead to gas-rationing for industrial use, as households and public institutions enjoy the privilege of being prioritized. Germany is at a crossroads. As opposed to pro-nuclear countries, their hands are tied when it comes to replacing gas, and none of the choices are particularly enticing. Not only would turning on the decommissioned nuclear plants disrupt the phase-out, it hardly seems like a feasible short-term solution, as procuring fuel rods to run the plants for longer than the coming winter requires more time than usual, as Russia and Kazakhstan account for 40% of Germany’s uranium import. What’s more, Germany has no long-term storage facility for radioactive waste, and as climate change ravages the planet, river water is too warm to be used for cooling the plants. The second option is renewables. As expected, the use of renewables is on the rise, but setting up wind turbine or solar panel farms take time, due to the nature of their placement or the ongoing supply chain issues. Having exhausted all other options, the only viable short-term solution for energy generation is to burn coal. Coal is the dirtiest, most CO2 emitting energy source, which Germany planned to completely phase-out by 2038 at the latest, in their bid to go carbon-neutral. Although officials have stated that the turning on of more coal plants would not quash these efforts, the true extent of the effects of bringing them back on is yet to be seen. The only viable short-term solution for energy generation is to burn coal Germany’s nuclear phase-out, while possibly well-intentioned, is turning out to be an extraordinarily faulty strategy. Due to the fears surrounding the technology, lawmakers and the public alike have been distancing themselves from nuclear power for decades. As opposed to that, for those who opted to stand by nuclear power, the decision is paying dividends. Pro-nuclear EU countries, such as Hungary, while still facing hardship due to the war, will not have to make as many sacrifices as their anti-nuclear counterparts.

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https://www.hungarianconservative.com/articles/current/germanys-energiewende-disaster/

2024-12-08T00:09:42Z

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Install & set up: Install Node.js to start with Playwright, then install Playwright and configure its dependencies. Set up a project and choose a language based on expertise. Create a directory for scripts, then initialize using appropriate package tools. Create a new Playwright instance and initialize a browser context: Initialize a Playwright instance and browser context for website interactions and automation. After configuring Playwright, navigate webpages and interact using APIs like goto() and click(). Automate web operations with Playwright through scripted interactions and validations for reliable testing. Execute Playwright scripts to automate web actions, validate outcomes, and debug issues. Evaluate Playwright automation outcomes to detect inconsistencies and refine procedures for improvements.

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://www.lambdatest.com/web-stories/7-steps-to-get-started-with-playwright-for-web-automation

2024-12-07T23:49:44Z

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Introductions to China - Children LH - Class Pages - Lime – Year 6 - History - The Achievments of the Earliest Civilisations - The Shang Dynasty of Ancient China - China Videos - Introductions to China Introducing China - Lonely Planet This is the Lonely Planet Guide's introduction to China. This is produced by a company that promotes tourism, encouraging people to visit other countries and explaining how to do so. Beautiful China, More than Pandas - Visit China This is a video designed to promote China and encourage tourists to visit. It is created by a Chinese tourism agency and is aimed at an American and English-speaking audience. Introduction to China - By Mum's Academy This is a presentation of facts about China.

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://www.lhandsmhboschools.co.uk/introductions-to-china/

2024-12-07T23:52:32Z

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Many traditional medical careers – researchers, nurses, and physicians – require a significant amount of math. And math isn’t for everyone. If you really dislike working with numbers (as some of us do), yet love medicine, don’t give up hope! There are a lot of fantastic jobs in medicine that require little-to-no math to succeed. Here’s a closer look at high-paying medical jobs that don’t require routine number crunching. Average Annual Salary: $73,640 Ultrasound technicians are more in demand than ever. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) estimates that positions will increase by 19% by 2030. With a growing demand for non-invasive imaging technology and an aging population, more ultrasound technicians are needed, and the role requires very little math. In terms of education, an associate degree or certificate is required to become an ultrasound technician, and some states mandate a license. On top of that, many employers prefer technicians to become certified through an ultrasound technician program. Medical Social Worker Average Annual Salary: $68,280 Medical social work is a sub-specialty of social work. This role helps patients cope with their health issues and coordinates with medical staff to provide emotional and social support for patients and families. Medical social workers also provide patients with resources to help them emotionally, financially, and socially. Becoming a social worker requires extensive education, but rarely more than a minimum level of mathematics. Medical social workers need a bachelor’s degree in psychology, sociology, or social work. Beyond that, you will need to obtain a master’s degree in social work and complete 900 hours in an internship. Average Annual Salary: $69,057 If dentistry interests you and have excellent interpersonal skills, you might consider becoming a dental assistant. This role is poised for significant growth compared to other specialties: the BLS estimates that job openings will increase by 8% by 2031. You will need to obtain a registered dental assistant (RDA) license in the state you wish to practice. This means either graduating from an approved RDA program, completing 15 months of RDA work experience under a licensed dentist, or completing a four-month program with an additional 11 months of work experience. Average Annual Salary: $96,388 Hearing and bodily balance disorders can significantly impact a person’s quality of life. Many audiologists find empowering people with balance and hearing-related issues the most gratifying aspect of their job. Although it requires extensive studying, much less math is involved than in clinical roles. A Doctor of Audiology (Au.D.) is required to pursue an audiologist job in audiology. In addition, each state has its own licensing requirements, and many audiologists seek additional certification from organizations like the American Board of Audiology or the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Find Your Rewarding Medical Career without Math You have options when it comes to helping others in the medical field. If you’re new to the field or just looking to change direction, great medical jobs like these may be just what you are looking for – minimal math skills, an easy path to entry, and great pay. Consider these jobs or explore other opportunities to find your math-less dream job! To get the latest and greatest healthcare career tips and resources, bookmark the myHealthTalent blog today!

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://www.myhealthtalent.com/article/4-high-paying-medical-careers-that-don-t-require-math/

2024-12-08T00:29:39Z

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by Nick Gromicko, CMI® In a growing trend that many say will save even more lives than smoke alarms and carbon monoxide detectors, fire sprinklers are now available for residences. Residential fires destroy an alarming number of lives and property. In 2007 in the U.S., there were 414,000 residential fires that caused: - 2,895 fire deaths; - 14,000 injuries; and - $7.5 billion in property damage. Residential sprinklers, listed by the Underwriters Laboratories (UL), are now available to homeowners. The development of chloro-polyvinyl chloride and other listed non-metallic pipe has simplified installation, making sprinkler systems more cost-effective. Because of their improved sensitivity, they are designed to respond to fires much faster than standard commercial and industrial sprinkler systems. Here are a few facts you might not know about fire sprinklers: - On average, they use significantly less water to extinguish a fire than would be required by the fire department. Sprinklers use just 10 to 26 gallons per minute (gpm), while fire crews use 125 gpm, per hose. - Insurance premiums are often lower for homes that are equipped with fire sprinklers, which help pay for the systems. - In buildings equipped with sprinklers, 90% of fires are contained by the operation of a single sprinkler head. - Newer fire sprinkler heads are designed to activate independently of one another, leaving unneeded heads in reserve, and sparing water-sensitive items. - Fire sprinklers are triggered only by temperatures that surpass a certain heat threshold, making it practically impossible to trigger them accidentally. A recent study conducted by the UL found that house fires are getting worse; the time needed to escape some types of fires has been reduced from approximately 17 minutes to as little as three minutes, in some situations. According to the study, this change is largely due to the disuse of natural fabrics for furnishings, such as wool, cotton and rayon, in favor of more flammable synthetics, such as polyester and plastic. Sprinkler systems are thus becoming increasingly more important in residences, just as they have been relied upon in commercial buildings for decades. Sprinklers respond to fires immediately and automatically from locations that may be dangerous for firefighters to reach. In contrast, fire departments can be quite slow to respond, given the following potential delays: - In rural areas, it may take a long time for fire trucks to reach their destination. - Calls made at night are responded to more slowly than calls made during the day, as most career and volunteer firefighters are asleep. - If the 9-1-1 call comes from a cell phone, the dispatcher will have greater difficulty pinpointing the fire’s location than if the call comes from a landline. - While some fire departments are always well-prepared, in many areas, the firefighters will need time to assemble, get suited up, and prepare the fire truck. - Fire trucks can be slowed by traffic, and they can even get lost en route. In residential applications, sprinklers are smaller than traditional commercial sprinklers, and they can be aesthetically coordinated with any room décor, and mounted flush with walls and ceilings. They are also inexpensive, relative to the cost of the building, and the damage inflicted by a potential fire. Presently, the cost of a home sprinkler system will add 1% to 1.5% to the cost of new construction, and the price will probably come down in the future. Although more expensive, it is possible to retrofit existing homes with sprinkler systems. Inspectors should pass the following recommendations on to their clients: In summary, residential fire sprinklers are a valuable, cost-effective safety addition to any home, although they require periodic maintenance.

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://www.nachi.org/residential-fire-sprinklers.htm

2024-12-07T23:43:06Z

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Authors: LCDR David Kowalczyk, LCDR Anderson Ogg, LCDR Jon Potterton Title: Operating Further than Anyone Else: Logistical and Engineering Challenges Supporting High Latitude Icebreaking The US Coast Guard is the only military service in the world that sends diesel-powered heavy icebreakers to Antarctica, and also performs science missions in the Arctic. As of this writing, only one heavy icebreaker is active, the U.S. Coast Guard Cutter (USCGC) POLAR STAR (WAGB 10). POLAR STAR’s sister ship, USCGC POLAR SEA (WAGB 11), has been inactive since 2011. To meet the annual Antarctic obligations, significant planning, financial, technical, and logistical resources are directed to POLAR STAR in the 7-8 month window between deployments. To meet our nation’s annual Arctic obligations, the Coast Guard operates and maintains the medium icebreaker USCGC HEALY (WAGB 20). Both POLAR STAR and HEALY have design features that enable them to operate in extreme environments, while these features drive very different dry docking periodicities. This paper will describe and explain the unique challenges of sustaining high latitude icebreaking, and the design features, maintenance requirements, and other solutions employed to address them. Problem Statement: This paper will describe and explain the unique challenges of sustaining high latitude icebreaking, and the design features, maintenance requirements, and other solutions employed to overcome them. Key Points: • Due to the severe vibrations that the ships experience while breaking ice, almost all of the systems on an icebreaker must be examined closely, and in many cases designed differently from standard ship systems. • Polar class icebreakers are designed with a controllable pitch propeller (CPP) system which drives the expensive requirement for annual drydock maintenance. HEALY has a fixed pitch propeller system and only requires triennial dry dockings. • Both HEALY and Polar class icebreakers have unique dry-docking parameters, such as frame-by-frame loading requirements, which commercial dry docks must be certified to meet. • HEALY and Polar class icebreakers have operated in extremely cold and extremely warm environments. Installed equipment and systems must be designed and robust enough to operate proficiently in both climates. Conclusion: As the Coast Guard embarks on a once-in-a generation Heavy Icebreaker program, sustainment needs must be carefully considered and prioritized. The vessel’s equipment must be robust enough to operate in the extreme environments that are anticipated. The vessel’s dry docking requirements will be driven by design and intentionally balanced against the capabilities of the domestic ship repair industry. Lastly, the selection of propulsion equipment will have a large impact on the dry-docking periodicity, which in turn is a driver of maintenance periodicity and cost considerations of the vessel.

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://www.navalengineers.org/Symposia/Past-Symposia/Arctic-Day-2016/Program/Kowalczyk

2024-12-08T00:20:51Z

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All tours are available by booking only, please contact the school to secure a spot on your chosen date. Are you looking for a nursery space for your child? Join us for our nursery open morning on Tuesday 19th November, from 9:30am to 10:30am. Contact us to book on today. ‘Thinking Inclusively’ teaches our children to be their best self through the knowledge skills and understanding of how society is enriched by the people in it. They will learn to appreciate how diversity positively impacts on the community and how they can respectfully demonstrate the Fundamental British values of democracy, the rule of law, individual liberty and mutual respect and tolerance. Understand how our society is enriched by the people around us. Develop a voice and opinion about topical issues and different protected characteristics that can be found in our community and why there are perceived barriers to success. It is easy to underestimate the impact of a cultural deficit in a child’s life and the limited exposure to a rich and varied world However, without cultural knowledge and experiences students can underestimate their own worth and confidence. This broader understanding is essential to children’s abilities to make appropriate inferences and their ability to be comfortable and confident in a wide variety of social settings.

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://www.newhorizonschildrensacademy.org.uk/learn-with-us/curriculum-areas/thinking-inclusively/

2024-12-07T23:53:01Z

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Newswise — New York, NY—April 6, 2021—The digital revolution is built on a foundation of invisible 1s and 0s called bits. As decades pass, and more and more of the world’s information and knowledge morph into streams of 1s and 0s, the notion that computers prefer to “speak” in binary numbers is rarely questioned. According to new research from Columbia Engineering, this could be about to change. A new study from Mechanical Engineering Professor Hod Lipson and his PhD student Boyuan Chen proves that artificial intelligence systems might actually reach higher levels of performance if they are programmed with sound files of human language rather than with numerical data labels. The researchers discovered that in a side-by-side comparison, a neural network whose “training labels” consisted of sound files reached higher levels of performance in identifying objects in images, compared to another network that had been programmed in a more traditional manner, using simple binary inputs. PROJECT WEBSITE: https://www.creativemachineslab.com/label-representation.html “To understand why this finding is significant,” said Lipson, James and Sally Scapa Professor of Innovation and a member of Columbia’s Data Science Institute, “It’s useful to understand how neural networks are usually programmed, and why using the sound of the human voice is a radical experiment.” When used to convey information, the language of binary numbers is compact and precise. In contrast, spoken human language is more tonal and analog, and, when captured in a digital file, non-binary. Because numbers are such an efficient way to digitize data, programmers rarely deviate from a numbers-driven process when they develop a neural network. Lipson, a highly regarded roboticist, and Chen, a former concert pianist, had a hunch that neural networks might not be reaching their full potential. They speculated that neural networks might learn faster and better if the systems were “trained” to recognize animals, for instance, by using the power of one of the world’s most highly evolved sounds—the human voice uttering specific words. One of the more common exercises AI researchers use to test out the merits of a new machine learning technique is to train a neural network to recognize specific objects and animals in a collection of different photographs. To check their hypothesis, Chen, Lipson and two students, Yu Li and Sunand Raghupathi, set up a controlled experiment. They created two new neural networks with the goal of training both of them to recognize 10 different types of objects in a collection of 50,000 photographs known as “training images.” One AI system was trained the traditional way, by uploading a giant data table containing thousands of rows, each row corresponding to a single training photo. The first column was an image file containing a photo of a particular object or animal; the next 10 columns corresponded to 10 possible object types: cats, dogs, airplanes, etc. A “1” in any column indicates the correct answer, and nine 0s indicate the incorrect answers. The team set up the experimental neural network in a radically novel way. They fed it a data table whose rows contained a photograph of an animal or object, and the second column contained an audio file of a recorded human voice actually voicing the word for the depicted animal or object out loud. There were no 1s and 0s. Once both neural networks were ready, Chen, Li, and Raghupathi trained both AI systems for a total of 15 hours and then compared their respective performance. When presented with an image, the original network spat out the answer as a series of ten 1s and 0s—just as it was trained to do. The experimental neural network, however, produced a clearly discernible voice trying to “say” what the object in the image was. Initially the sound was just a garble. Sometimes it was a confusion of multiple categories, like “cog” for cat and dog. Eventually, the voice was mostly correct, albeit with an eerie alien tone (see example on website). At first, the researchers were somewhat surprised to discover that their hunch had been correct—there was no apparent advantage to 1s and 0s. Both the control neural network and the experimental one performed equally well, correctly identifying the animal or object depicted in a photograph about 92% of the time. To double-check their results, the researchers ran the experiment again and got the same outcome. What they discovered next, however, was even more surprising. To further explore the limits of using sound as a training tool, the researchers set up another side-by-side comparison, this time using far fewer photographs during the training process. While the first round of training involved feeding both neural networks data tables containing 50,000 training images, both systems in the second experiment were fed far fewer training photographs, just 2,500 apiece. It is well known in AI research that most neural networks perform poorly when training data is sparse, and in this experiment, the traditional, numerically trained network was no exception. Its ability to identify individual animals that appeared in the photographs plummeted to about 35% accuracy. In contrast, although the experimental neural network was also trained with the same number of photographs, its performance did twice as well, dropping only to 70% accuracy. Intrigued, Lipson and his students decided to test their voice-driven training method on another classic AI image recognition challenge, that of image ambiguity. This time they set up yet another side-by-side comparison but raised the game a notch by using more difficult photographs that were harder for an AI system to “understand.” For example, one training photo depicted a slightly corrupted image of a dog, or a cat with odd colors. When they compared results, even with more challenging photographs, the voice-trained neural network was still correct about 50% of the time, outperforming the numerically-trained network that floundered, achieving only 20% accuracy. Ironically, the fact their results went directly against the status quo became challenging when the researchers first tried to share their findings with their colleagues in computer science. “Our findings run directly counter to how many experts have been trained to think about computers and numbers; it’s a common assumption that binary inputs are a more efficient way to convey information to a machine than audio streams of similar information ‘richness,’” explained Boyuan Chen, the lead researcher on the study. “In fact, when we submitted this research to a big AI conference, one anonymous reviewer rejected our paper simply because they felt our results were just ‘too surprising and un-intuitive.’” When considered in the broader context of information theory however, Lipson and Chen’s hypothesis actually supports a much older, landmark hypothesis first proposed by the legendary Claude Shannon, the father of information theory. According to Shannon’s theory, the most effective communication “signals” are characterized by an optimal number of bits, paired with an optimal amount of useful information, or “surprise.” “If you think about the fact that human language has been going through an optimization process for tens of thousands of years, then it makes perfect sense, that our spoken words have found a good balance between noise and signal;” Lipson observed. “Therefore, when viewed through the lens of Shannon Entropy, it makes sense that a neural network trained with human language would outperform a neural network trained by simple 1s and 0s.” The study, to be presented at the International Conference on Learning Representations conference on May 3, 2021, is part of a broader effort at Lipson’s Columbia Creative Machines Lab to create robots that can understand the world around them by interacting with other machines and humans, rather than by being programed directly with carefully preprocessed data. “We should think about using novel and better ways to train AI systems instead of collecting larger datasets,” said Chen. “If we rethink how we present training data to the machine, we could do a better job as teachers.” One of the more refreshing results of computer science research on artificial intelligence has been an unexpected side effect: by probing how machines learn, sometimes researchers stumble upon fresh insight into the grand challenges of other, well-established fields. “One of the biggest mysteries of human evolution is how our ancestors acquired language, and how children learn to speak so effortlessly,” Lipson said. “If human toddlers learn best with repetitive spoken instruction, then perhaps AI systems can, too.” About the Study The study is titled “Beyond Categorical Label Representations for Image Classification.” Authors are: Boyuan Chen, Yu Li, Sunand Raghupathi, Hod Lipson, Mechanical Engineering and Computer Science, Columbia Engineering. The study was supported by NSF NRI 1925157 and DARPA MTO grant L2M Program HR0011-18-2-0020. The authors declare no financial or other conflicts of interest. PROJECT WEBSITE: https://www.creativemachineslab.com/label-representation.html Columbia Engineering, based in New York City, is one of the top engineering schools in the U.S. and one of the oldest in the nation. Also known as The Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, the School expands knowledge and advances technology through the pioneering research of its more than 220 faculty, while educating undergraduate and graduate students in a collaborative environment to become leaders informed by a firm foundation in engineering. The School’s faculty are at the center of the University’s cross-disciplinary research, contributing to the Data Science Institute, Earth Institute, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Precision Medicine Initiative, and the Columbia Nano Initiative. Guided by its strategic vision, “Columbia Engineering for Humanity,” the School aims to translate ideas into innovations that foster a sustainable, healthy, secure, connected, and creative humanity.

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From little acorns, mighty oaks grow Maths at Palace Wood Your children have log-in details for the following websites at home. Please ask their class teacher if you need a reminder of the user name or password. Using these resources little, but often, is the most effective way to help your child become more confident in their maths skills. Key Stage 1 NumBots is all about every child achieving the “triple win” of understanding, recall and fluency in mental addition and subtraction, so that they move from counting to calculating. Key Stage 2 Times Tables Rock Stars is a maths programme that takes all the worry out of learning times tables and has a proven track record of boosting children’s fluency and recall in multiplication and division.

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The immune system plays an important role in protecting your body from bacteria, viruses, and other things that could make you sick. The immune system is usually pretty good at defending the body from infections and other unwanted changes. However, in some people, the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy parts of the body. The mistaken attacks may be against specific cells, tissues, and organs, causing damage that can sometimes become life-threatening. This is known as an autoimmune disorder. Inflammation is the immune system’s response to a problem such as a germ or physical injury. Inflammation may be experienced as redness, swelling, or pain. Without inflammation, wounds would have trouble healing and infections could become worse. However, if the inflammation is chronic (continuing for too long), it could begin damaging healthy cells, tissues, and organs. This can lead to serious conditions such as joint damage and cardiovascular diseases.

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The Environmental Impact of Outdoor Activities: How to Minimize Your Footprint As outdoor enthusiasts, we are fortunate to have access to stunning landscapes and natural wonders. However, it is crucial to be aware of the environmental impact our activities can have on these pristine environments. By taking simple steps to minimize our footprint, we can ensure that future generations will have the same opportunities to explore and enjoy the great outdoors. One of the most significant environmental concerns associated with outdoor activities is littering. It is disheartening to stumble upon trash that has been left behind by careless individuals. To minimize this issue, always carry a trash bag with you and practice Leave No Trace principles. This means packing out everything you bring in, including food wrappers, water bottles, and any other waste. Additionally, encouraging others to do the same by setting a positive example can have a ripple effect, helping to create a cleaner and more sustainable outdoor environment. Another aspect of outdoor activities that can have concerning environmental consequences is transportation. Vehicles emit harmful greenhouse gases and contribute to air pollution. Whenever possible, consider using alternative forms of transportation such as biking, walking, or carpooling. Not only will this reduce your environmental impact, but it will also add a sense of adventure to your outdoor experiences. When exploring natural areas, it is essential to respect wildlife. Many habitats are fragile and can easily be disturbed by human presence. Keep a safe distance from animals and never feed or approach them. Feeding wild animals can disrupt their natural feeding patterns and lead to dependence on humans for survival. Additionally, be mindful of nesting sites and breeding seasons, as any disruption can have lasting effects on animal populations. Choosing eco-friendly gear and equipment is another way to minimize your environmental footprint. Look for products made from sustainable materials and avoid single-use items whenever possible. Investing in reusable water bottles, utensils, and camping gear not only reduces waste but also saves money in the long run. Lastly, it is crucial to be mindful of water usage during outdoor activities. Water is a precious resource, and in many regions, droughts and water scarcity are pressing issues. Always use water sparingly, whether it’s for drinking, cooking, or cleaning. Avoid using soap or chemicals directly in natural bodies of water, as they can harm aquatic life and disrupt delicate ecosystems. Outdoor activities offer a unique opportunity to connect with nature and experience the beauty of our planet. By being conscientious individuals and minimizing our environmental footprint, we can ensure that these incredible experiences will be available for many generations to come. Remember, small actions can have a significant impact, so let’s all do our part to protect and preserve the natural world for future adventurers.

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Hospitals and healthcare centres are spaces where sensitive care and consideration may be administered in a secure environment. Designing to high acoustic standards is a crucial part of achieving this outcome, as these spaces must provide sufficient noise mitigation between areas to ensure that surgery rooms are isolated from outer noise which could distract care professionals, doctor’s offices from sound transfer to adjacent rooms to preserve confidentiality, and private rooms sheltered from street noise which could otherwise result in severe sleep deprivation for both patients as well as staff, and unnecessary extension of recovery times. It must also make sure that public announcements are clearly intelligible through adequate sound reflection control. For hygiene reasons, surfaces are often hard and reflective which gives rise to a noisy environment that may be detrimental to patient recovery, staff well-being. Special acoustic absorptive finishes can be selected to ensure that surfaces are both easily cleaned as well as help to control those unwanted reflections and make a more comforting place to visit, work and recover in. Click here to view the Acoustics Academy – Glossary of Acoustic Concepts & Parameters

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Sign in or The Quick Intro: Its appararance is the body and mane of a strong horse with the head of a bull. According to research it inhabits the North Region of the Republic Macedonia. It has an unussual deffence: It defendeds itself by emitting fire dung that could cover up to 600 yards ( 550 m ) in length. The beast was described by Pliny the Elder as having the general appearance of a bull, but had the mane of a horse, horns curved back, and a neck a bit longer than that of the avarage bull. Its horns weren't built for fighting, instead its main defense was his fiery skunk-like attack. It is said that if it was attacked it would run away, leaving behind its trail of fire dung. This fire dung attack could set fire to trees and shrubs and of course scorch the fire of hunting dogs if they were unlucky enough to touch it. This creature, as rare as some may find it, has actually quite the references to it. It has more than a dozen manuscripts that reference it. Some suggest that it had some resemblance to the European-Bison (which went extinct in 1919, but was reintroduced in Poland's forests and other places). Latest page update: made by Mythical_Geek , Jun 13 2011, 9:52 AM EDT (about this update About This Update Edited by Mythical_Geek 1 image added view changes - complete history) | More Info: links to this page There are no threads for this page. Be the first to start a new thread.

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Archive : 28 November 2016 год A method for depositing graphene based inks onto cotton, developed by by researchers from the University of Cambridge and Jiangnan University, could enable the creation flexible and wearable electronics without the use of expensive and toxic processing steps. In the process, developed by a team led by Dr Felice Torrisi at the Cambridge Graphene Centre, cotton textiles are impregnated with a graphene-based conductive ink. According to the team, most current wearable technologies rely on rigid electronic components mounted on flexible materials. These can offer limited compatibility with the skin, can be damaged when washed and are uncomfortable to wear. “Turning cotton fibres into functional electronic components can open an entirely new set of applications – from healthcare and wellbeing to the IoT,” said Dr Torrisi. “Other conductive inks are made from precious metals, such as silver, which makes them expensive to produce and not sustainable, whereas graphene is cheap, environmentally-friendly and chemically compatible with cotton.” Professor Chaoxia Wang of Jiangnan University noted: “This method will allow us to put electronic systems directly into clothes. It’s an incredible enabling technology for smart textiles.” According to the researchers, a wearable strain sensor created using a graphene-coated smart cotton textile, has been shown to detect up to 500 motion cycles reliably after more than 10 washing machine cycles. École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) scientists have developed a perovskite material whose magnetic order can be rapidly changed without disruption due to heating. This material could be used to build next generation hard drives. "We have essentially discovered the first magnetic photoconductor," said postdoctorate student Bálint Náfrádi. The researchers have synthesised a ferromagnetic photovoltaic material whose magnetic properties can be modified, without changing the structure of electrons in the material's chemistry or crystal structure. This new crystal structure combines the advantages of both ferromagnets, whose magnetic moments are aligned in a well-defined order, and photoconductors, where light illumination generates high density free conduction electrons. With these two properties, a simple red LED is said to be enough to disrupt, or ‘melt’, the material's magnetic order and generate a high density of travelling electrons, which can be freely and continuously tuned by changing the light's intensity. The timescale for shifting the magnetic in this material is also very fast. Although still experimental, these properties mean that the new material could potentially be used to build the next generation of memory storage systems, featuring higher capacities with low energy demands. "This study provides the basis for the development of a new generation of magneto-optical data storage devices," added Náfrádi. "These would combine the advantages of magnetic storage – long-term stability, high data density, non-volatile operation and re-writability – with the speed of optical writing and reading." A research team from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has come up with a way to build safe, nontoxic gold wires onto flexible, thin plastic film. Their demonstration potentially opens the way for wearable electronic devices that monitor health. "Overall this could be a major step in wearable sensor research," said NIST biomedical engineer Darwin Reyes-Hernandez. Reyes-Hernandez was exploring a porous polyester membrane to see if its tiny holes could make it useful for separating different fluid components. He patterned some gold electrodes onto the membrane to create a simple device that would help with separations. By complete chance, he twisted the plastic a few times and noticed the electrodes which covered numerous pores as they crisscrossed the surface still conducted electricity. This wasn't the case with nonporous membranes. "Apparently the pores keep the gold from cracking as dramatically as usual," Reyes-Hernandez explained. "The cracks are so small that the gold still conducts well after bending." According to the researchers, the electrodes show even higher conductivity than their counterparts on rigid surfaces – an unexpected benefit which cannot yet be explained. "This thin membrane could fit into very small places," Reyes-Hernandez concluded. "Its flexibility and high conductivity make it a very special material."

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It is a fact that when it comes to privacy, there is always a bullseye on your back. Considering the dependency on computer networks to maintain your company’s security and confidentiality this bullseye is on your computer systems leaving your business vulnerable to Cyberattacks. What is A Cyberattack? A cyberattack is unauthorized encroachment into your system or network by persons or systems with malicious intent. The motives for carrying out cyberattacks include an intention to expose, alter, disable, destroy, steal, or gain confidential information from your company’s systems. Cyberattacks have had devastating effects on people and organizations everywhere. Bad actors are honing their craft as quickly as security technology can evolve to protect against them. Frequently in modern attacks it is difficult to determine when an attack has happened or is beginning due to stealth tactics employed by the most technically advanced hacker organizations. Monitoring for stealth attacks has become a key responsibility of protection systems. Why do Cyberattacks Happen? Cyberattacks are not a random act of invasion but instead they are planned and carried out due to specific and significant reasons. Financial gain is the most common motivation behind a cyberattack which means cybercriminals are looking to get the following kinds of information: •Financial details such as credit card information. •Business details such as trade secrets •Confidential data such as login credentials •Data records such as client information •Access to infrastructure What Can You Do? A properly researched and implemented protection system protects the business. We can make recommendations appropriate for your industry. Additionally, our cybersecurity professionals provide a complementary Dark Web scan to start the evaluation of your company’s cybersecurity readiness. See website for details.

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Lower back is very common, and, in most cases, it is not serious and can be resolved in a few days or a week. However, some backaches do require a full assessment and intervention by a Physiotherapist or a Physician. The most common cause of back pain, especially lower back pain, is a combination of poor posture and lack of movement, typically seen with people who sit for long periods. This is known as mechanical or acute low back pain and is not a serious condition. Mechanical back pain also can arise from poor biomechanics during exercise, lifting or while performing your household chores. However, it can be uncomfortable and frustrating to experience a constant ache or pain in your back. At River Physio, our range of back care equipment helps manage mechanical back pain with more ease. Along with our modern equipment, simple posture advice, suitable exercises and a little lifestyle modification helps resolve your pain in a few days to week. The shock-absorbing fibrocartilage present between bony vertebral bodies while allowing movement at each spinal level is called an intervertebral disc. The disc between the vertebrae may become damaged and bulge slightly, causing pressure on the nerves. This can cause back pain, leg pain, pins and needles and possible numbness and the symptoms may vary depending upon the extent of the disc injury. The disc might be slightly bulged, torn, protruded or extruded and each may show different signs and symptoms. A very careful and detailed examination is the most important step while treating a disc injury. Our experienced physiotherapists will be devoting most of their time in assessing you and your back condition to make the right diagnosis on your first visit. At River Physio, our Physiotherapists are trained in spinal manipulation techniques and have loads of experience in managing complicated disc injury cases. At River Physio, we are also equipped with spinal decompression, a non-surgical treatment approach. Facet joint pain can either be of sudden or gradual in onset. facet joint pain is most times unilateral yet , it may be worsened with compression of the irritable joint resulting in the opposite side joint too. Occasionally, there is a somatic referral pattern down the legs, where the brain perceives jumbled signals to create the leg pain, rather than an actual injury to the leg. Treatment usually includes manual therapy, moist therapy, gentle stretches, strengthening exercises and soft tissue release. Approximately 5%-6% of males, and 2%-3% of females have spondylolisthesis, a condition where the vertebral body slips over anteriorly on the other vertebra. The causes are multifactorial. Posture, gravity, torsional forces on the spine, high concentration of stress loading all contribute in the development of spondylolisthesis. It can appear in as young as 10-year-old children. Most patients with spondylolisthesis will have no symptoms and are mostly detected in an x-ray while investigating for a different problem. Some patients who have symptoms such as pain and tenderness in the low back, especially after exercise. Increased lordosis and buttock pain, Protruding abdomen associated with pain and/or weakness in one or both thighs and legs which in turn may lead to tight hamstrings. In cases of advanced spondylolisthesis, it may begin to affect the way of walking, resulting in waddling gait. This causes the abdomen to protrude further, due to the low back curving forward more. The torso (chest, etc.) may seem shorter; and muscle spasms in the low back may occur. Apart from pain medications, such as acetaminophen, and/or NSAIDs (e.g. ibuprofen, COX-2 inhibitors) or oral steroids to reduce inflammation in the area, the mainstay of treatment is physiotherapy. The recovery and improvement usually may take a few months. Exercise is the mainstay of treatment and some experienced physiotherapists do even perform manipulation as needed. At River Physio, we follow an integrated approach which involves physiotherapy for pain relief and strengthening, occupational therapy for lifestyle modifications and a nutritionist’s advice to improve bone strength and weight loss if required. Some rare patients may require surgery depending on the grade of slip and we at River Physio will be able to suggest it to you, if conservative therapy will be a success for you. Spondylosis is a type of Osteoarthritis of the spine. 30-40% of people with lumbar spine spondylosis do not experience symptoms. In some cases, spondylosis can cause back pain and neck pain due to compression or pinching of nerves in the area And also Morning stiffness, Tenderness Weakness in the back associated with numbness or tingling in the lower legs. Our highly skilled Physiotherapists at River Physio will design a treatment program which usually involves a variety of evidence based therapies and treatments to help reduce your pain and get you back on your feet as quickly as possible. It is an uncommon neuromuscular disorder that is caused when the piriformis muscles compress the sciatic nerve. Nerve compression caused by spasm of the piriformis muscle. The pain in the deep gluteal region radiates low back pain, numbness, difficulty in walking. This is frequently misdiagnosed as piriformis syndrome and sciatic pain. A physiotherapist can make an accurate diagnosis of your lower back problem if your pain arises from your lower spine or piriformis muscle. Once your diagnosis is established, treatment could involve pelvis and spine re-alignment techniques, electrotherapy to help decrease pain and spasm in your piriformis muscles, deep core stability program in certain cases of leg length discrepancy. Our physiotherapist will then seek podiatrist expertise to help restore foot and lower extremity alignment. This condition is generally more common in young and middle age women, due to hormonal changes and childbirth. The Interesting fact is 30% of low back pain is believed to be caused by the SIJ. It can result from a fall onto the bottom or knee or lifting heavy objects. All patients, if not most patients do recover completely with proper physiotherapy treatment. Pregnancy often causes SIJ pain as ligaments become stretched and the pelvis is under more strain. Some of the common symptoms of SI joint dysfunction are Back Pain – particularly low back pain, buttock Pain, thigh Pain and Sciatic-like Pain – Pain that travels from the lumbar region into your buttocks, back of your thighs, and sometimes calf and foot. An experienced Physio should be able to arrive at a diagnosis with a detailed clinical assessment. At River Physio, we treat most SI joint dysfunctions successfully in two weeks’ time. Pressure on the sciatic nerve from a herniated disc is usually what causes sciatica. It may also result due to degenerative changes in the lumbar bones causing pressure on the exiting nerves Some of the numerous causes of sciatica are bulged or slip disc, spine and facet joint injuries, piriformis syndrome, spinal stenosis, spondylolisthesis and sacroiliac dysfunction. Usually pain occurs in the rear of the leg that is worse when sitting. Burning, or tingling in the leg is the most common sign of a sciatica. In severe conditions, weakness, numbness, or difficulty moving the leg or foot with a constant pain on one side of the rear calf which sometimes lead to shooting pain that may make it difficult to stand up Our physiotherapist will examine you, paying special attention to your spine and legs. If you have an associated injury, fever, problems controlling your bowels or bladder, previous cancers and whether you’ve been losing weight, you may require medical attention and we will be able to advise you immediately after our assessment. Most patients do recover with non-surgical approach and at River Physio, we are fully equipped with expert back care physios and necessary tools such as spinal decompression to recover you completely. Sciatica do tend to recur. The main reason, it is thought to recur is due to insufficient rehabilitation. At River Physio, we never do incomplete jobs. You won’t be comfortable to do any job with back pain. Get your back pain treated at the best facility in Singapore. Come to River Physio for effective back pain physiotherapy treatments.

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Two cases of 'vaccine breakthrough' infections have been reported in a new study, confirming scientists' concerns that some variants can evade the mRNA vaccines. However, the vaccinations were never expected to block 100 percent of infections, and these results in no way undermine the vaccination effort. In fact, they make it even more urgent. "Our observations underscore the importance of the ongoing race between immunization and the natural selection of potential viral escape mutants," the researchers from Rockefeller University, led by biochemist Ezgi Hacisuleyman, write in their paper. Two women who had received their second vaccination doses – one with the Pfizer shot and the other being the Moderna vaccine – still went on to develop COVID-19. The good news is that the women only had mild cases of the disease, so it is possible the vaccines may still have helped them. But it is yet not known if fully vaccinated people can get severe coronavirus. The study monitored staff and students at Rockefeller University in the US, resulting in samples representing more than 400 vaccinated employees and nearly 1,500 unvaccinated volunteers. The researchers have been sampling their saliva weekly since autumn. The two fully vaccinated women who contracted the virus had no risk factors for severe COVID-19. Patient 2, a 65-year-old woman, tested positive for the virus 36 days after receiving the second vaccine dose. But for Patient 1, she tested positive for the infection only 19 days after the second dose, so the researchers say they can't rule out the possibility that she was infected before receiving the second dose. "We conclude that it is very likely that both patients had effective immune responses to the vaccines," the researchers write. "Our observations support the conclusion that we have characterized bona fide examples of vaccine breakthrough manifesting as clinical symptoms." Taking a look at the genetic sequences of the variants Hacisuleyman and team found that Patient 1's strain contained mutations from both the UK B.1.1.7 strain and B.1.526 from New York - possibly a result of the two strains undergoing recombination. Genetic recombination in viruses occurs when two different strains of the same virus infect the same host cell. Within this shared environment they can exchange genes while replicating to produce their next generation. This is one way viruses can change themselves up, to make it difficult for our bodies to recognize and contain them. The other possibility for the combination of mutations seen within Patient 1's strain of the virus is convergent evolution. This is when selective pressure from the environment leads to the same mutations developing in isolation more than once. Companies are already racing to develop the next round of vaccines to combat these novel variants, as studies are showing the South African strain B.1.351 seems to be able to evade neutralizing antibodies that our bodies make in response to both the vaccines and infections from previous strains. This rapidly changing situation is why medical experts are urging us to focus on mRNA vaccines. These are the quickest to alter to combat new variants, and also the least likely to encounter approval delays, because other than their RNA coding everything else about the updated vaccine would remain the same. These results show how important it is to vaccinate as many people as possible around the world in the shortest timeframe we can achieve, in order to try and prevent more such variants from breaking through. This is why wealthy countries like the US, UK, and Australia need to ensure poorer countries also have access to ample vaccinations too, rather than hoarding them all for ourselves. About 1 in 4 people in high-income countries have received a COVID-19 vaccine, compared with just 1 in more than 500 in low-income countries. — Greta Thunberg (@GretaThunberg) April 19, 2021 My foundation will donate €100000 to support COVAX to ensure a more equitable global COVID-19 vaccine distribution. #VaccineEquity pic.twitter.com/JKxZC4s8F7 Allowing the virus to fester in places that don't have the means to vaccinate their own populations only increases the risk of new, possibly more dangerous variants emerging, and presenting new risks for everyone. This is exactly why the UN set up the COVAX program - to try and prevent this. But wealthy countries have essentially boycotted it, while also blocking a temporary patent waiver that would allow more countries access to the information they need to produce the vaccines themselves. Experts continue to urge wealthier nations to share their vaccines as soon as possible. Meanwhile, the researchers suggest that during this critical period of the pandemic, we need to keep working on multiple strategies, including serial testing of people without symptoms to track the real level of spread within our populations, and the continued fast and open sharing of all research. Their research has been published in the New England Journal of Medicine.

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By Susan Milius It’s a wonder we have chocolate at all. Talk about persnickety, difficult flowers. Arguably some of the most important seeds on the planet — they give us candy bars and hot cocoa, after all — come from pods created by dime-sized flowers on cacao trees. Yet those flowers make pollination just barely possible. Growers of commercial fruit crops expect 50 to 60 percent of flowers to make a fruit, or pod, says Emily Kearney of the University of California, Berkeley. In some places, cacao crops manage to be that prolific. But worldwide norms run closer to 15 to 30 percent. In the traditional Ecuadorian plantings that Kearney studies, cacao achieves a mere 3 to 5 percent pollination. The first sight of a blooming cacao tree (Theobroma cacao) can be “disconcerting,” Kearney says. That’s because most flowers come directly out of the trunk, rather than sprouting from branches as in many other trees. For cacao, special trunk pads burst into little pale constellations of five-pointed starry blossoms. Some trunks, says Kearney, “are completely covered with flowers.” Those flowers make nothing easy. Each petal curves into a tiny hood that fits down around the male, pollen-making structure. A honeybee trying to reach the pollen would be a useless, giant blimp. Instead, flies not much bigger than a poppy seed, in the biting midge subfamily Forcipomyiinae, crawl up into the hoods and do — something. But what? The flower offers no nectar for the midges to collect. So far, researchers haven’t even demonstrated that there’s an odor luring in the midges. Some biologists have mused that red spikes on the flowers offer nutritious nibbling for midges, but Kearney knows of no tests of this notion. Another hitch: 100 to 250 grains of pollen are required to fertilize the 40 to 60 seeds that will make up a cacao pod (resembling a wrinkled, swollen cucumber in shades of purple, yellow or orange). Yet midges typically emerge from a flower hood dappled with just a few to 30 grains of the sticky white stuff. What’s more, the midge, dusted with that little bit of pollen like “clumpy sugar,” Kearney says, can’t just hike over to the same bloom’s female part, like a white-bristled paintbrush encircled by red spikes. Pollen is useless for fertilizing any blooms on the tree it came from or on really close relatives.“If we want to get answers about the cacao pollination system,” Kearney says, “I think it’s the wild individuals that are going to open up the field,” instead of cultivated cacao. The trees evolved in the Amazon Basin and a northern bit of the South American Pacific coast. There, they often grow in clusters of siblings that a monkey unintentionally planted when sucking pulp from a pod and dropping the seeds. To Kearney, those frail midges seem unlikely to fly the distance from too-close sibling clusters to unrelated trees that offer better cross-pollination chances. So she wonders: Could the cacao with its coy reproductive system have a clandestine, strong-flying native pollinator species that scientists just haven’t noticed?

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CC-MAIN-2024-51

https://www.sciencenews.org/article/flowers-give-us-chocolate-are-ridiculously-hard-pollinate

2024-12-08T01:02:07Z

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By Peter Weiss Three scientists who were the first to create an exotic, potentially useful state of matter called the Bose-Einstein condensate have won the 2001 Nobel Prize in Physics. Carl E. Wieman of the University of Colorado in Boulder and Eric A. Cornell of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), also in Boulder, will share the nearly $1 million prize with Wolfgang Ketterle of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The Colorado scientists are members of JILA, a joint institute of NIST and the University of Colorado. In 1995, Wieman and Cornell together used rubidium-87 atoms to make the world’s first Bose-Einstein condensate (SN: 7/15/95, p. 36). A few months later, Ketterle and his group repeated the feat with sodium atoms (SN: 12/2/95, p. 373). A Bose-Einstein condensate is a cloud of gas so extremely cold that its atoms settle into a single, shared quantum state. In effect, the cloud becomes a single superatom. To create such condensates, scientists must prevent the clouds from becoming liquids or solids. Part of the trick is in the choice of atoms and part is in the handling: The condensates form only at temperatures less than a few hundred billionths of a degree above absolute zero. The first inklings of this novel state of matter surfaced in 1924. That’s when physicists Satyendra Nath Bose and Albert Einstein jointly predicted the extraordinary phenomenon that now bears their names. However, the condensates weren’t created until scientists developed lasers and ways to use them and other instruments to trap and cool atoms (SN: 10/25/97, p. 263). According to quantum mechanics, atoms behave both as particles and waves, which spread out in space. When the atoms get cold enough, their associated waves coalesce, enabling the formation of a superatom. By making the first Bose-Einstein condensate, Cornell and Wieman set off “a bombshell” in physics, says Theodor W. Hänsch of the Max Planck Institute for Quantum Optics in Garching, Germany. That achievement, along with Ketterle’s parallel work, was “the start of a big wave of excitement,” he adds. Containing up to a billion atoms, Bose-Einstein condensates have given physicists a new window on the quantum world. The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences cited Ketterle, in particular, for exploiting the condensates to probe quantum physics and the nature of matter in previously impossible ways. Bose-Einstein condensates may also prove to have practical value. In 1997, Ketterle and his colleagues demonstrated that portions can be extracted intact like drops from a faucet (SN: 2/1/97, p. 71), a step that physicists described as the first atom laser. Since then, researchers have improved upon such lasers so that they can emit atoms in a beam (SN: 5/8/99, p. 296). Scientists are learning to use atom lasers to improve measurements of gravity, build more precise gyroscopes, and make yet more-accurate atomic clocks. Recently, Hänsch’s team and others have demonstrated that they can condense and then manipulate Bose-Einstein condensates on microchips (SN: 8/4/01, p. 73: Quantum queerness gets quick, compact), a step perhaps toward new compact instruments.

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https://www.sciencenews.org/article/nobel-prize-physics

2024-12-08T00:37:58Z

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Shanghai Tourist Attractions offer our students plenty to explore besides the work in the Shanghai East Hospital. Shanghai, now one of China’s biggest and economically most influential cities, was for a large part of its 2,000 year-old history a small and insignificant fisher-village. Shanghai’s evolution to one of the worlds’s most modern and sophisticated cities in present days was not sparked until the British opened a concession following the first Opium War in 1842. Soon thereafter, other countries – like France, the USA and Japan – followed suit and opened up their own concessions. From that point onwards, Shanghai soon grew in importance as a major economical center and trading port and is currently China’s second largest city with a population of about 18 million. At present, Shanghai’s quickly growing poulation can be viewed as the economic capital of mainland China with a growing percentage of Chinas in- and export business passing through. The extremely internationalized metropole is also often referred to as the ‘NewYork’ of the East and one can indeed hear a multitude of spoken languages from all corners of the world in its busy streets. Due to massive reconstruction and constant economic development and renewal, the ‘older’ parts of Shanghai with its charming and even romantic, but poor and unrenovated building structure is still disappearing fast – making way to super-scyscrapers and steel-and-glass architecture. The Bund consists of a promenade of nineteenth century colonial buildings and is considered one of Shanghai’s most scenic spots. With its many upscale shopping venues and bars, The Bund attracts many tourists and locals alike. Originally the name “The Bund” – derived from the word “embankment” – was given to the British settlement area which was given to them in 1842 following the Treaty of Nanjing after the Opium War. The Bund soon emerged as Shanghai’s richest and most prosperous part by the beginning of the 20th century and became also known as the “Wall Street of Asia”. The Bund spans about one mile on the western bank of the Huang-Pu river and is probably one of Shanghai’s most well known and most visited of all Shanghai Tourist Attractions and the most popular sightseeing spot besides the old city. The multitude of historical buildings, many of which had once been counted towards the tallest buildings in the world at some point, create an atmosphere of elegance and put the visitor instantly in touch with the history of Shanghai. This unique architecture is nowadays not only housing business and banking branches, but one can find a multitude of quite famous, but often pricy, bars and clubs on the upper stories and terraces overlooking the Bund. The Bund is worth a visit at day and night. The view of Pudong on the other side of the river can be breathtaking. People Square park is found at the site of the former colonial horse racing track and is home to a number of Shanghai’s government buildings, museums and concert halls. Amongst them are the Shanghai Art Museum – occupying the old Racecourse Clubhouse – the Shanghai City Hall, the Shanghai Grand Theatre, the Shanghai Urban Planning Exhibition Hall, and last but not least the Shanghai Museum of Contemporary Art. The huge square is surrounded by many key landmark buildings, such as the Shimao International Plaza, Tomorrow Square and Raffle’s Square. The skyscrapers do not count to the tallest buildings in Shanghai, which are located in the borrough of PuDong, but still offer an impressive sight during the day and, more importantly, one of the most fabulous nocturnal scenery with their myriad of lights. The People Square Subway Station under the park is one of the busiest subway crossings in the world as most major subway lines of Shanghai meet here. The station has to handle an excess of 700,000 passengers daily. The gigantic underground system of halls and large tunnels below the park spans over the entire area and features many shopping and market areas for the hurried passer-by’s or tourists looking for souvenirs. A visit of People’s Square should reserve some extra time to visit the many museums, explore the surrounding shopping malls, take a comfortable rest within the park, and finally to check out the underground network of touristy markets for a finish. Old City & Yu Garden The old city is the center around which modern Shanghai has grown and even nowadays the cities historical heart. This part of the city draws the most visitors of all of the Shanghai Tourist Attractions. The old city is believed to be established by the Song Dynasty (1127 – 1279) and occupied a circular walled-in space at the western bank of the HuangPu River. The major part of the old city consists of a large tourist-bazaar containing small shops, restaurants, temples, and much activity. In its center lies a small lake spanned by a zig-zagged bridge (Bridge of the Nine Turnings / Jiuqu Quiao – the reason for the serpentines lies in the belief that evil spirits can only move in straight lines). Immediately neighboring the lake, lies Yu Garden, which is worth visiting. The relatively small garden (only about 5 acres big) offers 30 pavillions surrounded by carefully planned landscape-designs of the Ming and Quing dynasties. The landscapes are made of small lakes, rivers, bridges, mountains, corridors, and walls. If you visit Yu Garden, it is best to see it very early in the day to get an impresiion of the intriguing beauty of the architectural quite interesting park with its many views and secluded hideouts. If you visit at opening time already you will avoid the masses of tourists, who flock in towards the afternoons when the waiting lines are quite long and Yu Garden is filled with many hundred visitors. Xintiandi lies in the heart of Shanghai and is a gem of Shanghainese architecture. This small area – nowadays mainly offering restaurants, bars, small boutiques, and galleries – came into existence by a project to conserve the unique architecture of an old and run down quarter of Shanghai. Here you can still see the old Shikumen architecture style with its many winding alleys – almost all Shikumen buildings in Shanghai had to yield to the contruction of modern steel and glass buildings over the past decade and if you still find some of the old quarters standing, they are usually in quite bad condition and have not been renovated at all. The small building complex is a great location to glimpse a view of how Shanghai has looked before the building boom has started and thus also home of the Museum for Shanghainese Architecture. The museum is, by the way, in the very same building, in which China’s Communist Party held its first congress back in 1921. Xintiandi is nowadays mainly known for its vibrant – and western style – bar scene and nightlife. However, most stores and bars in Xintiandi are quite pricy and you will meet almost exclusively tourists and Expats around. Some of the beautiques within the complex do offer intersting fashion and clothing worth checking out. Nanjing-Dong-Lu, as it is called in Chinese, is Shanghai’s presumably most well known shopping street and spans over approximately 3.4-miles in length. The eastern part of the street – from the Bund to People’s Square – is a pedestrian area with many restaurants and shops, which offer very radiant scenery at night due to the myriad of colorful neon signs. The western part of the street – from People Square to Jing’an Temple – is well known for its luxury shopping possibilities and draws many fashion-seeking buyers and designers looking for the newest trends alike. Even though many new buildings displaying glass and steal architecture have already been constructed in this area, the faded charm of the former colonial French Concession can still be felt when passing the surviving buildings from the 1920’s with their nicely kept gardens and balconies. If your looking for the must see Shanghai Tourist Attractions, a visit of the pedestrian street in the eastern pedestrian street after dusk will be sure to provide a lasting memory for all visitors of Shanghai. Especially when visiting later in the day, it is a good advise to to protect your belongings against the occasional pick-pockets, who are seen around the pedestrian area – especially if the street is getting crowded. As a visitor, one also needs to watch out for the frequently attemted scams, as for example Chinese persons, who pretend to want to talk to you in order to practice their English often suggest to visit a seemingly random tea-house or restaurant which will present you with an unjustified large bill to pay at the end!! There are various other scams occasionally, so please be cautious. Pudong – the newest of Shanghai’s boroughs displays what China is striving for in the future. No borrough has more to show when it comes to modern Shanghai Tourist Attractions. With its three dominating highrise buildings – the Oriental Pearl Tower, the Jin Mao Tower, and the Shanghai World Financial Center – it is visible from many sites of Shanghai. The smallest of these buildings, the Oriental Pearl TV Tower rises 468 meters above ground. The Jin Mao Tower, currently the worlds 10th highest building rises with its 88 stories of unique architecture 420.5 meters into the sky and is surpassed by the immense Shanghai World Financial Center, which counts 101 floors and rises to a height of 492 meters – Currently the Shanghai World Financial Center is the third highest building worldwide. The newest of the three scyscrapers is the ‘Shanghai Tower’ – this building has been opening in 2016 and counts a dazzling 128 floors with a height of 632 meters – making it the highest building in Shanghai and the world’s second highest building (The Burj Khalifa in Dubai is currently ranking number one). Pudong is also home of the Shanghai Stock Exchange (which is right across the Street of the Shanghai East Hospital) the Shanghai Ocean Aquarium, the Science and Technology Museum, the Superbrand Mall, the Oriental Arts Center and many other tourist attractions. The Shanghai East Hospital is located in Pudong as well and all of the mentioned attractions are easily reachable by foot from the Shanghai East Hospital. The HuangPu River offers a spectacular view of both, the old, and the new Shanghai. During the round trip you can enjoy the entire length of the enigmatic Bund on one side, and the futuristic skyline of Pudong on the other. The cruise then continuous on downstream and leads under the impressive YangPu Bridge. During the cruise, you can also observe the lively ship-traffic, consisting mainly of large barges, up close. The river cruise leaves its harbor daily. It is recommended to take advantage of the night cruise in order to observe the splendid lights of Pudong and of The Bund. Current information about the times and fares can be found here.

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2024-12-07T22:52:16Z

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Why is hope so important in life? What does hope really mean? Self-help author Mark Manson explores the importance of hope in his book Everything Is F*cked, defining it as the belief that we can progress towards something valuable and create a better future. He also explores how hope can empower us to cope with the pain of existence. Read on to learn why hope is so important, based on Manson’s exploration of its true meaning. Why Is Hope So Important? According to self-help author Mark Manson, society is experiencing an epidemic of hopelessness: People no longer feel like they can help create a better future. Why is hope so important? To explain, Manson wrote Everything Is F*cked, which clarifies exactly what he means by “hope.” He describes how it functions in our lives and what happens when we live without it. What Does It Really Mean to Be Hopeful? So what exactly is hope and why is it so important? According to Manson, hope can be defined as the belief that you have the ability to progress toward something valuable and create a more pleasant future. Additionally, he asserts that you need other people to recognize that what you do matters to sustain hope—social validation is a core psychological need. The reason why hope is so important comes from our need to feel hope because we understand we’re mortal, according to Manson. If you zoom out in time long enough, you and everyone whose life you’ve ever influenced will eventually die, and nothing you do can change that. This is an inherently depressing thought. For this reason, to feel motivated to do anything, we need hope. Hope empowers us to cope with the inherent pain of existence. If we believe that we’re successfully creating a more pleasant future for ourselves and those around us, we’ll feel fulfilled, even if life at the moment is unpleasant. As long as we believe pleasure is coming later, working toward that pleasure provides a deeper satisfaction that transcends pain now—we feel good about what we’re doing even if it doesn’t feel good in itself. In this way, hope gives us the ability to delay gratification: to trade pain now for greater pleasure down the road, and to feel satisfied while doing it. For an example of why hope is so important for delaying gratification, say a logging company is planning to cut down the beloved woods near your neighborhood. Driven by the hope that you can stop them, you spend countless, tiring hours contacting local politicians and recruiting others to join your cause. You’re trading the pain of these exhausting efforts now for the promise of a future where the woods remain. Those hours spent fighting the logging company don’t feel good in themselves, but you find this overall pursuit toward a better future fulfilling. Meaningful causes like this are the primary way we find satisfaction in an inherently painful world. You Can Find Empowering Hope and Meaning Anywhere In his discussion of hope and why it’s so important in our lives, Manson was possibly inspired by Man’s Search for Meaning by Viktor Frankl, which echoes these ideas closely (Manson lists it among the best books of all time to help you understand life). Frankl was a Jewish-Austrian psychiatrist who spent three years imprisoned in concentration camps during World War II, and this experience informed his theories about the role of hope in human psychology. Like Manson, Frankl argues that we need hope to cope with the inherent pain of existence and feel satisfied when we’d normally be suffering. He takes this idea further, noting that a sense of hope even improves physical health. In the concentration camps, Frankl noted that prisoners with goals to work toward (for example, to see their families again) were much more likely to survive than those who felt like their lives were over. Frankl’s definition of hope overlaps with Manson’s somewhat—they agree that it’s the feeling that we’re improving the life we’ll have in the future. However, there are some differences between their definitions: While Manson argues that to have hope, we need other people to recognize the value of our actions, Frankl doesn’t put limits like this on hope. Unlike Manson, Frankl explores the possibility that anything in our lives can be a source of hope, even if there’s no one around to validate it or if it’s irrational to think so. For instance, Frankl recommends considering that our actions may have a greater purpose that’s too complex for us to comprehend—faith in this idea can be a source of comfort. Frankl’s unconditional belief that everything can be meaningful even extends to death itself. Rather than viewing death as the painful truth that forces us to find meaning, as Manson does, Frankl views it as a source of meaning in itself. By giving us a time limit, death motivates us to take meaningful action during our lives. Without it, we wouldn’t do anything valuable with our lives—thus, we can view death as something to be grateful for, rather than something to fear. | ———End of Preview——— Like what you just read? Read the rest of the world's best book summary and analysis of Mark Manson's "Everything Is F*cked" at Shortform. Here's what you'll find in our full Everything Is F*cked summary: - How the hopelessness epidemic is affecting society - Why you must abandon hope in order to live a fulfilling life - How to practice a life without hope and instead, find meaning

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2024-12-07T23:49:21Z

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Betony is also known as wood betony and is native to Europe as well as parts of Asia and Africa. The herb belongs to the mint family. The Ancient Egyptians used betony and according to their superstition, betony had magical properties that enabled it to protect people from evil. Betony was also used in Ancient Rome. Antonius Musa was Augustus Caesar’s physician and he believed that consuming betony prevented liver diseases. He named a total of 47 diseases that he believed could be cured with the herb. Anglo-Saxons shared the Ancient Egyptian belief that Betony could ward off evil and it was common for them to wear amulets containing it. Betony is one of the plants in the gardens of Charlemagne and it was also a common plant in the gardens of monasteries and apothecaries during the Middle Ages. It was prescribed for everything from nervous disorders to urinary tract issues. John Gerard lived mostly during the 16th century. According to his book titled The Herbal or General History of Plants, betony has many medicinal applications including as a hangover cure and as a pain-killer. Gerard believed that it was useful for treating headaches and cramps. The 17th-century Herbalist Nicholas Culpeper believed that betony could treat jaundice, convulsions, and gout. The herb had a good reputation in North America as well and was praised by John Sauer who claimed that it could cure any illness brought on by cold. Historians are not sure about betony’s etymology. The herb may get its name from ancient Spanish herders called Vettones or from the word bewton used by the Celts to indicate that the herb was good for the head. Today, betony is largely unpopular among practitioners of herbal medicine but some herbalists do still use it for treating a few conditions. A betony tincture may be used to treat diarrhea, for example. The herb is still praised in Spanish and Italian folk sayings. Betony flavor profile Betony tastes almost exactly like Camellia sinensis (black tea) because it contains tannins just like Camellia sinensis. It has a similar woody, almost chocolatey flavor profile with a hint of astringency. Health benefits of betony Betony has benefits such as the fact that it has no caffeine but tastes a lot like black tea, making it an excellent alternative if you are trying to avoid caffeine. Beyond that, it contains important compounds such as: - Glycosides: The glycosides in betony may help to regulate blood pressure. - Rosmarinic acid: The antioxidant benefits of rosmarinic acid are said to be stronger than those from vitamin E. Use betony to treat or prevent health problems like these below: - Flatulence: Betony has carminative properties, which means that you can use it to relieve bloating and other symptoms of intestinal gas. - High blood pressure symptoms: Betony can lower blood pressure, which means that it may be useful for treating headaches and other high blood pressure symptoms. - Inflammation: The antioxidant benefits of betony make it effective at relieving inflammation and diseases that result from it. The effects on blood pressure can be significant enough that you should use betony with caution. Use this herb only under an experienced herbalist’s guidance. Betony is commonly consumed as a tea or in tincture form. Make a tea exactly as you would loose-leaf black tea. Add a teaspoon to a cup of hot water and let it steep for five minutes.

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2024-12-07T23:29:28Z

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Spiders are a type of arachnid that are related to other arthropods like mites, ticks, and scorpions. Spiders help to control nuisance insect populations; they are predators that feed on other living things. These eight-legged hunters are helpful when living outside away from people, but when they choose our yards and homes to inhabit, they become unwanted pests. Depending on the species, spiders can be dangerous. All spiders have venom that they use to paralyze their prey, but only a handful have venom that is strong enough to create health problems in people. Spiders are mainly nuisance pests that invade our homes and properties. They are difficult to control, and often startle us by appearing where we least expect them to. When it comes to spiders, all you need to know is one thing: wherever there are insects, there will be spiders. Because spiders feed on insects, properties with lots of vegetation, garden areas, compost, tall grass, or shrubs that often attract hungry insects, will also attract hungry spiders. Having a problem in your home or yard with spiders is usually a sign that you have other pest problems as well. Spiders live most of their time outside in many different locations. These include our yards and our homes or outbuildings. Common spots where spiders hide include trees, dense vegetation, woodpiles, under fallen trees, behind window shutters, behind wood shingles, under roof eaves, and in doorways. Spiders usually only move into homes and other buildings when they follow their prey inside or to find a safe place to lay their eggs. Once inside, as long as there are insects to eat, they will stay. Get rid of spiders from your Central New York property with the help of local, experienced professionals. At Sweeney’s Pest Elimination, we have been protecting people and properties from our area’s most common pests for over 20 years. If you are experiencing problems with spiders, our professionals will take care of the problem and put into place the services needed to stop them from returning. To learn more about our residential or commercial pest control solutions in Ithaca and eliminate spiders from your Ithaca property, contact us at Sweeney’s Pest Elimination today! In addition to our professional spider control services, avoid future problems with spiders by putting into place the following prevention tips:

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2024-12-08T00:06:11Z

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