README: add status badges, navigable TOC, and sync repository tree with current layout

[Copilot]

The README lacked quick-status metadata and fast navigation, and its repository tree no longer reflected the actual project structure. This PR updates the top-level documentation for scanability and structural accuracy.

• Top-of-file metadata

  • Added badges for CI workflow status, supported Python version, and license.

• Navigation

  • Added a linked Table of Contents covering major README sections for one-click jumps.

• Repository structure accuracy

  • Replaced the stale tree with a current layout reflecting:
    • constraints/ domain folders
    • constraint_core/ and scoring/ C++ components
    • simulations/candidates/
    • current apps/ and tests/ entries
    • key root files including CMakeLists.txt

[![CI](https://github.com/dfeen87/CuraFrame/actions/workflows/ci.yml/badge.svg)](...)
![Python](https://img.shields.io/badge/python-3.9%2B-blue.svg)
[![License](https://img.shields.io/badge/license-Non--Commercial-lightgrey.svg)](LICENSE)

## Table of Contents
- [Abstract](#abstract)
- [Overview](#overview)
- [Repository Structure](#repository-structure)
...

[chatgpt-codex-connector]

You have reached your Codex usage limits for code reviews. You can see your limits in the Codex usage dashboard.

[Copilot]

Pull request overview

Updates the top-level README.md to improve scanability (badges + TOC) and to refresh the documented repository layout so it reflects the current project structure.

Changes:

• Added status badges (CI, Python version, license) at the top of the README.
• Added a linked Table of Contents for faster navigation.
• Replaced the stale “Repository Structure” tree with an updated layout including constraints/, C++ components, and current apps//tests/ entries.

---

💡 Add Copilot custom instructions for smarter, more guided reviews. Learn how to get started.

[Copilot]

The repository tree claims cura_frame/ contains only the listed modules, but cura_frame/__init__.py exists in the repo. Since this PR is aiming to keep the tree in sync with the actual layout, either add __init__.py to the tree or explicitly note that the listing is non-exhaustive.

[Copilot]

The apps/ portion of the repository tree omits files that exist (apps/__init__.py, apps/__main__.py, and apps/web/__init__.py, plus apps/console_streamlit/__init__.py). To keep the README structure accurate, include these or clarify that the tree shows only selected entries.