Rewrite byte_extract from multi-dimensional array

[tautschnig]

As a follow-up to 78839a9: add support for rewriting multiple-of-element size access to arrays when working with multi-dimensional arrays.

• Each commit message has a non-empty body, explaining why the change was made.
• n/a Methods or procedures I have added are documented, following the guidelines provided in CODING_STANDARD.md.
• n/a The feature or user visible behaviour I have added or modified has been documented in the User Guide in doc/cprover-manual/
• Regression or unit tests are included, or existing tests cover the modified code (in this case I have detailed which ones those are in the commit message).
• n/a My commit message includes data points confirming performance improvements (if claimed).
• My PR is restricted to a single feature or bugfix.
• n/a White-space or formatting changes outside the feature-related changed lines are in commits of their own.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

❌ Patch coverage is 33.33333% with 12 lines in your changes missing coverage. Please review.
✅ Project coverage is 80.39%. Comparing base (6b6c8d3) to head (0ae1c7e).

Files with missing lines	Patch %	Lines
src/util/pointer_offset_size.cpp	33.33%	12 Missing ⚠️

Additional details and impacted files

@@             Coverage Diff             @@
##           develop    #8705      +/-   ##
===========================================
- Coverage    80.39%   80.39%   -0.01%     
===========================================
  Files         1688     1688              
  Lines       207405   207422      +17     
  Branches        73       73              
===========================================
+ Hits        166751   166756       +5     
- Misses       40654    40666      +12     

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