Configuration article overhaul

aspnetcore/fundamentals/configuration/options.md

@@ -5,20 +5,15 @@ description: Discover how to use the options pattern to represent groups of rela
 monikerRange: '>= aspnetcore-3.1'
 ms.author: tdykstra
 ms.custom: mvc
-ms.date: 04/20/2025
+ms.date: 10/15/2025
 uid: fundamentals/configuration/options
 --- 
 # Options pattern in ASP.NET Core
 
 [!INCLUDE[](~/includes/not-latest-version.md)]
 
-<!-- Update [!INCLUDE[](~/includes/bind7.md)] 
-when updating this article -->
-
 :::moniker range=">= aspnetcore-7.0"
 
-By [Rick Anderson](https://twitter.com/RickAndMSFT).
-
 The options pattern uses classes to provide strongly typed access to groups of related settings. When [configuration settings](xref:fundamentals/configuration/index) are isolated by scenario into separate classes, the app adheres to two important software engineering principles:
 
 * [Encapsulation](/dotnet/standard/modern-web-apps-azure-architecture/architectural-principles#encapsulation):
@@ -34,7 +29,65 @@ This article provides information on the options pattern in ASP.NET Core. For in
 
 ## Bind hierarchical configuration
 
-[!INCLUDE[](~/includes/bind7.md)]
+The preferred way to read related configuration values is using the [options pattern](xref:fundamentals/configuration/options). For example, to read the following configuration values:
+
+```json
+  "Position": {
+    "Title": "Editor",
+    "Name": "Joe Smith"
+  }
+```
+
+Create the following `PositionOptions` class:
+
+[!code-csharp[](~/fundamentals/configuration/index/samples/6.x/ConfigSample/Options/PositionOptions.cs?name=snippet)]
+
+An options class:
+
+* Must be non-abstract.
+* Has public read-write properties of the type that have corresponding items in config are bound.
+* Has its read-write properties bound to matching entries in configuration.
+* Does ***not*** have its fields bound. In the preceding code, `Position` is not bound. The `Position` field is used so the string `"Position"` doesn't need to be hard coded in the app when binding the class to a configuration provider.
+
+The following code:
+
+* Calls [ConfigurationBinder.Bind](xref:Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.ConfigurationBinder.Bind*) to bind the `PositionOptions` class to the `Position` section.
+* Displays the `Position` configuration data.
+
+[!code-csharp[](~/fundamentals/configuration/index/samples/6.x/ConfigSample/Pages/Test22.cshtml.cs?name=snippet)]
+
+In the preceding code, by default, changes to the JSON configuration file after the app has started are read.
+
+[`ConfigurationBinder.Get<T>`](xref:Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.ConfigurationBinder.Get*) binds and returns the specified type. `ConfigurationBinder.Get<T>` may be more convenient than using `ConfigurationBinder.Bind`. The following code shows how to use `ConfigurationBinder.Get<T>` with the `PositionOptions` class:
+
+[!code-csharp[](~/fundamentals/configuration/index/samples/6.x/ConfigSample/Pages/Test21.cshtml.cs?name=snippet)]
+
+In the preceding code, by default, changes to the JSON configuration file after the app has started are read.
+
+Bind also allows the concretion of an abstract class. Consider the following code which uses the abstract class `SomethingWithAName`:
+
+[!code-csharp[](~/fundamentals/configuration/index/samples/8.x/ConfigSample/Options/NameTitleOptions.cs)]
+
+The following code displays the `NameTitleOptions` configuration values:
+
+[!code-csharp[](~/fundamentals/configuration/index/samples/8.x/ConfigSample/Pages/Test33.cshtml.cs?name=snippet)]
+
+Calls to `Bind` are less strict than calls to `Get<>`:
+
+* `Bind` allows the concretion of an abstract.
+* `Get<>` has to create an instance itself.
+
+## The Options Pattern
+
+An alternative approach when using the ***options pattern*** is to bind the `Position` section and add it to the [dependency injection service container](xref:fundamentals/dependency-injection). In the following code, `PositionOptions` is added to the service container with <xref:Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.OptionsConfigurationServiceCollectionExtensions.Configure*> and bound to configuration:
+
+[!code-csharp[](~/fundamentals/configuration/index/samples/6.x/ConfigSample/Program.cs?name=snippet)]
+
+Using the preceding code, the following code reads the position options:
+
+[!code-csharp[](~/fundamentals/configuration/index/samples/6.x/ConfigSample/Pages/Test2.cshtml.cs?name=snippet)]
+
+In the preceding code, changes to the JSON configuration file after the app has started are ***not*** read. To read changes after the app has started, use [IOptionsSnapshot](xref:fundamentals/configuration/options#ios).
 
 <a name="oi"></a>
 

aspnetcore/fundamentals/configuration/options/includes/options6.md

@@ -1,7 +1,5 @@
 :::moniker range="= aspnetcore-6.0"
 
-By [Kirk Larkin](https://twitter.com/serpent5) and [Rick Anderson](https://twitter.com/RickAndMSFT).
-
 The options pattern uses classes to provide strongly typed access to groups of related settings. When [configuration settings](xref:fundamentals/configuration/index) are isolated by scenario into separate classes, the app adheres to two important software engineering principles:
 
 * [Encapsulation](/dotnet/standard/modern-web-apps-azure-architecture/architectural-principles#encapsulation):
@@ -17,7 +15,49 @@ This article provides information on the options pattern in ASP.NET Core. For in
 
 ## Bind hierarchical configuration
 
-[!INCLUDE[](~/includes/bind6.md)]
+The preferred way to read related configuration values is using the [options pattern](xref:fundamentals/configuration/options). For example, to read the following configuration values:
+
+```json
+  "Position": {
+    "Title": "Editor",
+    "Name": "Joe Smith"
+  }
+```
+
+Create the following `PositionOptions` class:
+
+[!code-csharp[](~/fundamentals/configuration/index/samples/6.x/ConfigSample/Options/PositionOptions.cs?name=snippet)]
+
+An options class:
+
+* Must be non-abstract with a public parameterless constructor.
+* All public read-write properties of the type are bound.
+* Fields are ***not*** bound. In the preceding code, `Position` is not bound. The `Position` field is used so the string `"Position"` doesn't need to be hard coded in the app when binding the class to a configuration provider.
+
+The following code:
+
+* Calls [ConfigurationBinder.Bind](xref:Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.ConfigurationBinder.Bind*) to bind the `PositionOptions` class to the `Position` section.
+* Displays the `Position` configuration data.
+
+[!code-csharp[](~/fundamentals/configuration/index/samples/6.x/ConfigSample/Pages/Test22.cshtml.cs?name=snippet)]
+
+In the preceding code, by default, changes to the JSON configuration file after the app has started are read.
+
+[`ConfigurationBinder.Get<T>`](xref:Microsoft.Extensions.Configuration.ConfigurationBinder.Get*) binds and returns the specified type. `ConfigurationBinder.Get<T>` may be more convenient than using `ConfigurationBinder.Bind`. The following code shows how to use `ConfigurationBinder.Get<T>` with the `PositionOptions` class:
+
+[!code-csharp[](~/fundamentals/configuration/index/samples/6.x/ConfigSample/Pages/Test21.cshtml.cs?name=snippet)]
+
+In the preceding code, by default, changes to the JSON configuration file after the app has started are read.
+
+An alternative approach when using the ***options pattern*** is to bind the `Position` section and add it to the [dependency injection service container](xref:fundamentals/dependency-injection). In the following code, `PositionOptions` is added to the service container with <xref:Microsoft.Extensions.DependencyInjection.OptionsConfigurationServiceCollectionExtensions.Configure*> and bound to configuration:
+
+[!code-csharp[](~/fundamentals/configuration/index/samples/6.x/ConfigSample/Program.cs?name=snippet)]
+
+Using the preceding code, the following code reads the position options:
+
+[!code-csharp[](~/fundamentals/configuration/index/samples/6.x/ConfigSample/Pages/Test2.cshtml.cs?name=snippet)]
+
+In the preceding code, changes to the JSON configuration file after the app has started are ***not*** read. To read changes after the app has started, use [IOptionsSnapshot](xref:fundamentals/configuration/options#ios).
 
 <a name="oi"></a>
 

aspnetcore/fundamentals/dependency-injection.md

@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ The following code is generated by the Razor Pages template using individual acc
 
 [!code-csharp[](~/fundamentals/dependency-injection/samples/6.x/DependencyInjectionSample/ProgramEF.cs?name=snippet)]
 
-[!INCLUDE[](~/includes/combine-di6.md)]
+[!INCLUDE[](~/includes/combine-service-collection-60-or-later.md)]
 
 ## Service lifetimes
 

aspnetcore/fundamentals/dependency-injection/includes/dependency-injection-5-7.md

@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ The following code is generated by the Razor Pages template using individual use
 
 [!code-csharp[](~/fundamentals/dependency-injection/samples/6.x/DependencyInjectionSample/ProgramEF.cs?name=snippet)]
 
-[!INCLUDE[](~/includes/combine-di6.md)]
+[!INCLUDE[](~/includes/combine-service-collection-60-or-later.md)]
 
 ## Service lifetimes
 
@@ -485,7 +485,7 @@ The following code is generated by the Razor Pages template using individual use
 
 [!code-csharp[](~/fundamentals/dependency-injection/samples/3.x/DependencyInjectionSample/StartupEF.cs?name=snippet)]
 
-[!INCLUDE[](~/includes/combine-di.md)]
+[!INCLUDE[](~/includes/combine-service-collection-31-to-60.md)]
 
 ## Service lifetimes
 

aspnetcore/fundamentals/dependency-injection/includes/dependency-injection-8.md

@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ The following code is generated by the Razor Pages template using individual acc
 
 [!code-csharp[](~/fundamentals/dependency-injection/samples/6.x/DependencyInjectionSample/ProgramEF.cs?name=snippet)]
 
-[!INCLUDE[](~/includes/combine-di6.md)]
+[!INCLUDE[](~/includes/combine-service-collection-60-or-later.md)]
 
 ## Service lifetimes
 

aspnetcore/fundamentals/host/generic-host.md

@@ -207,7 +207,7 @@ To set this value, use the environment variable or configure `HostOptions`. The
 
 ### Disable app configuration reload on change
 
-By [default](xref:fundamentals/configuration/index#default), `appsettings.json` and `appsettings.{Environment}.json` are reloaded when the file changes. To disable this reload behavior in .NET 5 or later, set the `hostBuilder:reloadConfigOnChange` key to `false`.
+By [default](xref:fundamentals/configuration/index#default-app-configuration-sources), `appsettings.json` and `appsettings.{Environment}.json` are reloaded when the file changes. To disable this reload behavior in .NET 5 or later, set the `hostBuilder:reloadConfigOnChange` key to `false`.
 
 **Key**: `hostBuilder:reloadConfigOnChange`  
 **Type**: `bool` (`true` or `false`)  
@@ -675,7 +675,7 @@ To set this value, use the environment variable or configure `HostOptions`. The
 
 ### Disable app configuration reload on change
 
-By [default](xref:fundamentals/configuration/index#default), `appsettings.json` and `appsettings.{Environment}.json` are reloaded when the file changes. To disable this reload behavior in .NET 5 or later, set the `hostBuilder:reloadConfigOnChange` key to `false`.
+By [default](xref:fundamentals/configuration/index#default-app-configuration-sources), `appsettings.json` and `appsettings.{Environment}.json` are reloaded when the file changes. To disable this reload behavior in .NET 5 or later, set the `hostBuilder:reloadConfigOnChange` key to `false`.
 
 **Key**: `hostBuilder:reloadConfigOnChange`  
 **Type**: `bool` (`true` or `false`)  

aspnetcore/fundamentals/index.md

@@ -135,7 +135,7 @@ For more information, see <xref:fundamentals/servers/index>.
 
 ASP.NET Core provides a [configuration](xref:fundamentals/configuration/index) framework that gets settings as name-value pairs from an ordered set of configuration providers. Built-in configuration providers are available for a variety of sources, such as `.json` files, `.xml` files, environment variables, and command-line arguments. Write custom configuration providers to support other sources.
 
-By [default](xref:fundamentals/configuration/index#default), ASP.NET Core apps are configured to read from `appsettings.json`, environment variables, the command line, and more. When the app's configuration is loaded, values from environment variables override values from `appsettings.json`.
+By [default](xref:fundamentals/configuration/index#default-app-configuration-sources), ASP.NET Core apps are configured to read from `appsettings.json`, environment variables, the command line, and more. When the app's configuration is loaded, values from environment variables override values from `appsettings.json`.
 
 For managing confidential configuration data such as passwords in the development environment, .NET provides the [Secret Manager](xref:security/app-secrets#secret-manager). For production secrets, we recommend [Azure Key Vault](xref:security/key-vault-configuration).
 

aspnetcore/fundamentals/index/includes/index3-7.md

@@ -106,7 +106,7 @@ For more information, see <xref:fundamentals/servers/index>.
 
 ASP.NET Core provides a [configuration](xref:fundamentals/configuration/index) framework that gets settings as name-value pairs from an ordered set of configuration providers. Built-in configuration providers are available for a variety of sources, such as `.json` files, `.xml` files, environment variables, and command-line arguments. Write custom configuration providers to support other sources.
 
-By [default](xref:fundamentals/configuration/index#default), ASP.NET Core apps are configured to read from `appsettings.json`, environment variables, the command line, and more. When the app's configuration is loaded, values from environment variables override values from `appsettings.json`.
+By [default](xref:fundamentals/configuration/index#default-app-configuration-sources), ASP.NET Core apps are configured to read from `appsettings.json`, environment variables, the command line, and more. When the app's configuration is loaded, values from environment variables override values from `appsettings.json`.
 
 For managing confidential configuration data such as passwords, .NET provides the [Secret Manager](xref:security/app-secrets#secret-manager). For production secrets, we recommend [Azure Key Vault](xref:security/key-vault-configuration).
 
@@ -321,9 +321,9 @@ For more information, see <xref:fundamentals/servers/index>.
 
 ASP.NET Core provides a configuration framework that gets settings as name-value pairs from an ordered set of configuration providers. Built-in configuration providers are available for a variety of sources, such as `.json` files, `.xml` files, environment variables, and command-line arguments. Write custom configuration providers to support other sources.
 
-By [default](xref:fundamentals/configuration/index#default), ASP.NET Core apps are configured to read from `appsettings.json`, environment variables, the command line, and more. When the app's configuration is loaded, values from environment variables override values from `appsettings.json`.
+By [default](xref:fundamentals/configuration/index#default-app-configuration-sources), ASP.NET Core apps are configured to read from `appsettings.json`, environment variables, the command line, and more. When the app's configuration is loaded, values from environment variables override values from `appsettings.json`.
 
-The preferred way to read related configuration values is using the [options pattern](xref:fundamentals/configuration/options). For more information, see [Bind hierarchical configuration data using the options pattern](xref:fundamentals/configuration/index#optpat).
+The preferred way to read related configuration values is using the [options pattern](xref:fundamentals/configuration/options). For more information, see [Bind hierarchical configuration data using the options pattern](xref:fundamentals/configuration/index#bind-hierarchical-configuration-data-using-the-options-pattern).
 
 For managing confidential configuration data such as passwords, .NET provides the [Secret Manager](xref:security/app-secrets#secret-manager). For production secrets, we recommend [Azure Key Vault](xref:security/key-vault-configuration).
 

aspnetcore/fundamentals/index/includes/index8.md

@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ For more information, see <xref:fundamentals/servers/index>.
 
 ASP.NET Core provides a [configuration](xref:fundamentals/configuration/index) framework that gets settings as name-value pairs from an ordered set of configuration providers. Built-in configuration providers are available for a variety of sources, such as `.json` files, `.xml` files, environment variables, and command-line arguments. Write custom configuration providers to support other sources.
 
-By [default](xref:fundamentals/configuration/index#default), ASP.NET Core apps are configured to read from `appsettings.json`, environment variables, the command line, and more. When the app's configuration is loaded, values from environment variables override values from `appsettings.json`.
+By [default](xref:fundamentals/configuration/index#default-app-configuration-sources), ASP.NET Core apps are configured to read from `appsettings.json`, environment variables, the command line, and more. When the app's configuration is loaded, values from environment variables override values from `appsettings.json`.
 
 For managing confidential configuration data such as passwords, .NET provides the [Secret Manager](xref:security/app-secrets#secret-manager). For production secrets, we recommend [Azure Key Vault](xref:security/key-vault-configuration).
 

aspnetcore/fundamentals/minimal-apis/includes/webapplication10.md

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ The following command makes the app respond to port `7777`:
 dotnet run --urls="https://localhost:7777"
 ```
 
-If the Kestrel endpoint is also configured in the `appsettings.json` file, the `appsettings.json` file specified URL is used. For more information, see [Kestrel endpoint configuration](xref:fundamentals/configuration/index#kestrel)
+If the Kestrel endpoint is also configured in the `appsettings.json` file, the `appsettings.json` file specified URL is used. For more information, see [Kestrel endpoint configuration](xref:fundamentals/configuration/index#kestrel-endpoint-configuration)
 
 #### Read the port from environment
 

aspnetcore/fundamentals/minimal-apis/includes/webapplication7.md

@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ The following command makes the app respond to port `7777`:
 dotnet run --urls="https://localhost:7777"
 ```
 
-If the Kestrel endpoint is also configured in the `appsettings.json` file, the `appsettings.json` file specified URL is used. For more information, see [Kestrel endpoint configuration](xref:fundamentals/configuration/index#kestrel)
+If the Kestrel endpoint is also configured in the `appsettings.json` file, the `appsettings.json` file specified URL is used. For more information, see [Kestrel endpoint configuration](xref:fundamentals/configuration/index#kestrel-endpoint-configuration)
 
 #### Read the port from environment
 

aspnetcore/fundamentals/minimal-apis/includes/webapplication8.md

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ The following command makes the app respond to port `7777`:
 dotnet run --urls="https://localhost:7777"
 ```
 
-If the Kestrel endpoint is also configured in the `appsettings.json` file, the `appsettings.json` file specified URL is used. For more information, see [Kestrel endpoint configuration](xref:fundamentals/configuration/index#kestrel)
+If the Kestrel endpoint is also configured in the `appsettings.json` file, the `appsettings.json` file specified URL is used. For more information, see [Kestrel endpoint configuration](xref:fundamentals/configuration/index#kestrel-endpoint-configuration)
 
 #### Read the port from environment
 

aspnetcore/fundamentals/minimal-apis/includes/webapplication9.md

@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ The following command makes the app respond to port `7777`:
 dotnet run --urls="https://localhost:7777"
 ```
 
-If the Kestrel endpoint is also configured in the `appsettings.json` file, the `appsettings.json` file specified URL is used. For more information, see [Kestrel endpoint configuration](xref:fundamentals/configuration/index#kestrel)
+If the Kestrel endpoint is also configured in the `appsettings.json` file, the `appsettings.json` file specified URL is used. For more information, see [Kestrel endpoint configuration](xref:fundamentals/configuration/index#kestrel-endpoint-configuration)
 
 #### Read the port from environment