[native] NativeAOT runtime #10461

grendello · 2025-09-01T09:35:55Z

Implements a minimal Android host for NativeAOT applications. The goal is to create
a runtime environment that is as compatible with Xamarin.Android / .NET for Android
applications using MonoVM or CoreCLR as possible. This PR implements the very basics:

Support for pre-loading of JNI libraries
Support for setting of the application environment variables (via <AndroidEnvironment>)
Support for the CoreCLR GC bridge

An important element that's currently missing is linking libc++ statically into the runtime, instead we include the shared libc++ from the NDK. The reason for this is that
NativeAOT build task references a compatibility C++ library which produces conflicts with
the static libc++ one when attempting to link. This issue will be fixed in a separate
PR.

grendello · 2025-09-02T14:16:24Z

/azp run

azure-pipelines · 2025-09-02T14:16:48Z

Azure Pipelines successfully started running 1 pipeline(s).

jonpryor · 2025-09-03T16:27:24Z

Requested feature addition: CoreCLR has logic to use libSystem.Security.Cryptography.Native.Android.a":

android/src/Xamarin.Android.Build.Tasks/Utilities/NativeRuntimeComponents.cs

Line 104 in 976544e

new BclArchive ("libSystem.Security.Cryptography.Native.Android.a", jniOnLoadName: "AndroidCryptoNative_InitLibraryOnLoad") {

It would be handy if similar integration could be done with NativeAOT, such that AndroidCryptoNative_InitLibraryOnLoad() is invoked during app startup when crypto support is required. This would remove the need for the kludge described here:

App crashes when using SHA1.Create() under NativeAOT #10463 (comment)

grendello · 2025-09-03T18:12:52Z

@jonpryor I plan to add support for this, definitely. It'll be the same mechanism as with CoreCLR, just need to implement a bit more things before that

src/Microsoft.Android.Runtime.NativeAOT/Android.Runtime.NativeAOT/JavaInteropRuntime.cs

jkoritzinsky · 2025-09-04T22:37:37Z

@grendello @jonathanpeppers should I close #10402 if this is intended to replace it?

grendello · 2025-09-05T10:23:47Z

@jkoritzinsky no, please keep it open. I'm not going to put everything in this PR that's in #10402. Once this one is done, you can rebase yours and apply the remaining changes + finetuning + whatnot.

I should be done with this PR next week (need to add two more things)

jonathanpeppers

The NativeAOT test on Windows is failing with:

       (_CollectAssembliesToCompress target) -> 
         C:\a\_work\1\s\bin\Release\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.Android.Sdk.Windows\36.0.0-ci.dev-grendel-naot-runtime.323\tools\Xamarin.Android.Common.targets(2258,3): error XACAF7009: System.InvalidOperationException: Assembly compression info not found for key '__CompressedAssembliesInfo:C:\a\_work\1\a\TestRelease\09-10_14.27.54\temp\NativeAOT\Hello.csproj'. Compression will not be performed. [C:\a\_work\1\a\TestRelease\09-10_14.27.54\temp\NativeAOT\Hello.csproj]
       C:\a\_work\1\s\bin\Release\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.Android.Sdk.Windows\36.0.0-ci.dev-grendel-naot-runtime.323\tools\Xamarin.Android.Common.targets(2258,3): error XACAF7009:    at Xamarin.Android.Tasks.CollectAssemblyFilesToCompress.GetCompressedAssemblyInfo() [C:\a\_work\1\a\TestRelease\09-10_14.27.54\temp\NativeAOT\Hello.csproj]
       C:\a\_work\1\s\bin\Release\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.Android.Sdk.Windows\36.0.0-ci.dev-grendel-naot-runtime.323\tools\Xamarin.Android.Common.targets(2258,3): error XACAF7009:    at Xamarin.Android.Tasks.CollectAssemblyFilesToCompress.RunTask() [C:\a\_work\1\a\TestRelease\09-10_14.27.54\temp\NativeAOT\Hello.csproj]
       C:\a\_work\1\s\bin\Release\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.Android.Sdk.Windows\36.0.0-ci.dev-grendel-naot-runtime.323\tools\Xamarin.Android.Common.targets(2258,3): error XACAF7009:    at Microsoft.Android.Build.Tasks.AndroidTask.Execute() [C:\a\_work\1\a\TestRelease\09-10_14.27.54\temp\NativeAOT\Hello.csproj]

I don't see any new RegisterTaskObject() calls.

So, is the problem specific to Windows? Or maybe the test is doing multiple RIDs?

...in.Android.Build.Tasks/Microsoft.Android.Sdk/targets/Microsoft.Android.Sdk.NativeAOT.targets

jonathanpeppers · 2025-09-10T18:25:28Z

...in.Android.Build.Tasks/Microsoft.Android.Sdk/targets/Microsoft.Android.Sdk.NativeAOT.targets

      <!-- Passes linked assemblies to outer MSBuild tasks/targets -->
      <ResolvedFileToPublish Include="@(IlcCompileInput);@(_AndroidILLinkAssemblies)" RuntimeIdentifier="$(RuntimeIdentifier)" />
      <!-- Include libc++ -->
      <ResolvedFileToPublish Include="$(_NdkSysrootDir)libc++_shared.so" RuntimeIdentifier="$(RuntimeIdentifier)" />


Can this be removed? Are we statically linking libc++?

We're not right now because NativeAOT has a compatibility library that conflicts with static libc++. I want to explore a fix for this in a separate PR, since this one is too big already.

I agree it makes sense to split that off into separate PR. I suppose you can remove the shim libc++ from the list and then add the real one instead.

We need to keep both references to libc++_shared.so in this PR as we both need to link against it (the <LinkerArg> item) and package it (the ResolvedFileToPublish item)

jonathanpeppers · 2025-09-10T18:26:46Z

src/Mono.Android/Android.Runtime/JNIEnvInit.cs

+			if (gref_gc_threshold != int.MaxValue) {
+				gref_gc_threshold = checked((gref_gc_threshold * 9) / 10);
+			}


Is this taking 90% of this number for all runtimes? Do we need this change?

Other runtimes set gref_gc_threshold through different code path but it's still the same value (90% of the max GREF count).

filipnavara · 2025-09-10T20:03:18Z

This mostly seems to work, except few build issues and excessive logging.

When doing dotnet publish the build configuration is automatically set to Release and that in turn sets EmbedAssembliesIntoApk=true, which later leads to this build error:

    D:\dotnet-android\android\bin\Debug\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.Android.Sdk.Windows\36.0.0-ci.dev-grendel-naot-runtime.323\tools\Xamarin.Android.Common.targets(2258,3): error XACAF7009:
      System.InvalidOperationException: Assembly compression info not found for key '__CompressedAssembliesInfo:D:\emcli
      ent\MailClient.Mobile\MailClient.Mobile.Android\MailClient.Mobile.Android.csproj'. Compression will not be perform
      ed.
         at Xamarin.Android.Tasks.CollectAssemblyFilesToCompress.GetCompressedAssemblyInfo()
         at Xamarin.Android.Tasks.CollectAssemblyFilesToCompress.RunTask()
         at Microsoft.Android.Build.Tasks.AndroidTask.Execute()

Since NativeAOT doesn't operate with assemblies it seems safe to workaround it with -p:EmbedAssembliesIntoApk=false.

When doing multi-RID builds (again, default) I constantly got a variation of this error (for either RID at random):

  MailClient.Mobile.Android failed with 2 error(s) (35.1s)
    ILLink : error IL1011: Failed to write 'obj\Release\net10.0-android\android-x64\linked\Java.Interop.dll'.
    C:\Users\filip\.nuget\packages\microsoft.net.illink.tasks\10.0.0-rc.2.25427.104\build\Microsoft.NET.ILLink.targets(103,5): error NETSDK1144: Optimizing assemblies for size failed.

To get past that I used -r android-x64 and the app was built successfully.

The startup took well over a minute and the whole log was spammed with the following:

09-10 22:00:00.319  5559  5576 W monodroid-assembly: virtual bool BridgeProcessing::maybe_call_gc_user_peerable_add_managed_reference(JNIEnv *, jobject, jobject)
09-10 22:00:00.319  5559  5576 W monodroid-assembly: virtual bool BridgeProcessing::maybe_call_gc_user_peerable_add_managed_reference(JNIEnv *, jobject, jobject)
...
09-10 22:00:00.340  5559  5576 W monodroid-assembly: virtual bool BridgeProcessing::maybe_call_gc_user_peerable_clear_managed_references(JNIEnv *, jobject)
09-10 22:00:00.340  5559  5576 W monodroid-assembly: virtual bool BridgeProcessing::maybe_call_gc_user_peerable_clear_managed_references(JNIEnv *, jobject)

Presumably the slow startup was caused just by the logging but it needs to be verified. Experiments with the previous PR showed similar behavior due to incorrectly set gref_gc_threshold which caused excessive GC triggers, but this seems to be handled correctly in this PR.

grendello · 2025-09-11T09:19:28Z

The NativeAOT test on Windows is failing with:

       (_CollectAssembliesToCompress target) -> 
         C:\a\_work\1\s\bin\Release\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.Android.Sdk.Windows\36.0.0-ci.dev-grendel-naot-runtime.323\tools\Xamarin.Android.Common.targets(2258,3): error XACAF7009: System.InvalidOperationException: Assembly compression info not found for key '__CompressedAssembliesInfo:C:\a\_work\1\a\TestRelease\09-10_14.27.54\temp\NativeAOT\Hello.csproj'. Compression will not be performed. [C:\a\_work\1\a\TestRelease\09-10_14.27.54\temp\NativeAOT\Hello.csproj]
       C:\a\_work\1\s\bin\Release\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.Android.Sdk.Windows\36.0.0-ci.dev-grendel-naot-runtime.323\tools\Xamarin.Android.Common.targets(2258,3): error XACAF7009:    at Xamarin.Android.Tasks.CollectAssemblyFilesToCompress.GetCompressedAssemblyInfo() [C:\a\_work\1\a\TestRelease\09-10_14.27.54\temp\NativeAOT\Hello.csproj]
       C:\a\_work\1\s\bin\Release\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.Android.Sdk.Windows\36.0.0-ci.dev-grendel-naot-runtime.323\tools\Xamarin.Android.Common.targets(2258,3): error XACAF7009:    at Xamarin.Android.Tasks.CollectAssemblyFilesToCompress.RunTask() [C:\a\_work\1\a\TestRelease\09-10_14.27.54\temp\NativeAOT\Hello.csproj]
       C:\a\_work\1\s\bin\Release\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.Android.Sdk.Windows\36.0.0-ci.dev-grendel-naot-runtime.323\tools\Xamarin.Android.Common.targets(2258,3): error XACAF7009:    at Microsoft.Android.Build.Tasks.AndroidTask.Execute() [C:\a\_work\1\a\TestRelease\09-10_14.27.54\temp\NativeAOT\Hello.csproj]

I don't see any new RegisterTaskObject() calls.

So, is the problem specific to Windows? Or maybe the test is doing multiple RIDs?

The problem was Debug vs Release. I tested only in the former and disabled only part of compressed assembly support. It should work now for Release too.

filipnavara · 2025-09-11T13:20:20Z

The GREF threshold initialization still seems to be wrong:

...
09-11 15:18:56.370 10555 10555 I NativeAotFromAndroid: APPLICATION Initialize END
09-11 15:18:56.372 10555 10555 D monodroid-gc: 83 outstanding GREFs. Performing a full GC!
09-11 15:18:56.376 10555 10617 D monodroid-gc: 84 outstanding GREFs. Performing a full GC!
09-11 15:18:56.392 10555 10555 D monodroid-gc: 59 outstanding GREFs. Performing a full GC!
09-11 15:18:56.400 10555 10617 D monodroid-gc: 60 outstanding GREFs. Performing a full GC!
09-11 15:18:56.416 10555 10573 I ient.mailclient: Explicit concurrent mark compact GC freed 1132KB AllocSpace bytes, 0(0B) LOS objects, 49% free, 2752KB/5504KB, paused 2.622ms,1.462ms total 35.554ms
09-11 15:18:56.419 10555 10555 D monodroid-gc: 86 outstanding GREFs. Performing a full GC!
09-11 15:18:56.419 10555 10617 D monodroid-gc: 86 outstanding GREFs. Performing a full GC!
09-11 15:18:56.448 10555 10573 I ient.mailclient: Explicit concurrent mark compact GC freed 152KB AllocSpace bytes, 0(0B) LOS objects, 49% free, 2728KB/5456KB, paused 1.917ms,2.356ms total 23.981ms
09-11 15:18:56.455 10555 10555 D monodroid-gc: 87 outstanding GREFs. Performing a full GC!
09-11 15:18:56.482 10555 10573 I ient.mailclient: Explicit concurrent mark compact GC freed 160KB AllocSpace bytes, 0(0B) LOS objects, 49% free, 2696KB/5392KB, paused 1.136ms,1.627ms total 21.812ms
09-11 15:18:56.488 10555 10555 D monodroid-gc: 88 outstanding GREFs. Performing a full GC!
09-11 15:18:56.515 10555 10573 I ient.mailclient: Explicit concurrent mark compact GC freed 96KB AllocSpace bytes, 0(0B) LOS objects, 49% free, 2696KB/5392KB, paused 730us,1.376ms total 22.020ms
09-11 15:18:56.517 10555 10555 D monodroid-gc: 89 outstanding GREFs. Performing a full GC!

Essentially every allocation of bridge object triggers a GC.

Probably a missing call to AndroidSystem::init_max_gref_count (); somewhere.

…droid Context: #21256 / 52a6f3e Context: dotnet/android#10461 Context: dotnet/android#10457 Context: dotnet/android#10463 #21256 added support for building with .NET 10, and one of the new features in .NET 10 is that Android has (very!) preliminary preview support for [NativeAOT][0]. As building `SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj` with NativeAOT takes a significant amount of time, we've decided to introduce a new stage to build and run these unit tests within an Android+NativeAOT environment. Update `android-run-skia-runtime-tests.sh` to always create the `$(build.sourcesdirectory)/build/uitests-failure-results` path before existing with an error, as failure to do so means that the `PublishBuildArtifacts@1` YAML task fails: ##[error]Publishing build artifacts failed with an error: Not found PathtoPublish: /agent/_work/1/s/build/uitests-failure-results which in turn means subsequent `DownloadBuildArtifacts@0` / **Download previous test runs failed tests** steps *also* always fail: ##[error]Artifact uitests-android-nativeaot-failure-results not found for build 174635. Please ensure you have published artifacts in any previous phases of the current build. Enable NativeAOT builds by updating `SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj` to set the [`$(PublishAot)`][1] property to the `$(SkiaPublishAot)` MSBuild property. This allows us to build a single project for NativeAOT -- `SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj` -- *without* trying to build every referenced project for NativeAOT, which is what happens if you instead try `dotnet publish -p:PublishAot=true …`: % dotnet build -c Release -p:PublishAot=true src/SamplesApp/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj -bl … …/Microsoft.NET.Sdk.FrameworkReferenceResolution.targets(121,5): error NETSDK1207: Ahead-of-time compilation is not supported for the target framework. % dotnet publish src/SamplesApp/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj \ -c Release -r android-x64 -f net10.0-android -p:UnoTargetFrameworkOverride=net10.0-android -p:SkiaPublishAot=true -bl # succeeds… after 15 minutes… This also requires updating `$(NoWarn)` to ignore the hundreds of IL trimmer warnings. We're just trying to see where things stand for now. Additionally, we need to publish with `-r android-x64` in order to avoid the build error: …/Microsoft.NETCore.Native.Publish.targets(92,5): error MSB3030: Could not copy the file "bin/Release/net10.0-android/native/SamplesApp.so" because it was not found. Because it's `bin/Release/net10.0-android/android-{arm64,x64}/native/SamplesApp.so`! Oddly, using `-r android-x64` still results in *both* ABIs being included, which appears to be a unoplatform/uno "bug": % unzip -l src/SamplesApp/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile/bin/Release/net10.0-android/android-x64/publish/uno.platform.samplesapp.skia-Signed.apk | grep SamplesApp.so 763563120 08-28-2025 19:47 lib/x86_64/libSamplesApp.so 757982224 08-28-2025 19:48 lib/arm64-v8a/libSamplesApp.so The need for `-r android-x64` may be related to dotnet/android#10457. Finally, .NET Crypto support isn't propertly initialized in Android+NativeAOT apps in .NET 10 RC1; see dotnet/android#10463. This may be fixed in dotnet/android#10461, but in the meantime we can manually call `AndroidCryptoNative_InitLibraryOnLoad()` so that methods such as `SHA1.Create()` won't throw. Note: Do *not* make Release-config apps [Debuggable][2] under .NET 10 Preview 7 or earlier; you will run into [dotnet/java-interop@90ac202e][3]. [0]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/deploying/native-aot/ [1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/deploying/native-aot/?tabs=windows%2Cnet8#publish-native-aot-using-the-cli [2]: https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/application-element#debug [3]: dotnet/java-interop@90ac202

…droid Context: #21256 / 52a6f3e Context: dotnet/android#10461 Context: dotnet/android#10457 Context: dotnet/android#10463 #21256 added support for building with .NET 10, and one of the new features in .NET 10 is that Android has (very!) preliminary preview support for [NativeAOT][0]. As building `SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj` with NativeAOT takes a significant amount of time and disk space, we've decided to introduce a new `Tests - Android+NativeAOT Skia` stage to build and run these unit tests within an Android+NativeAOT environment. To help reduce disk usage, after building the `.apk` we delete the `obj` directory. Update `android-run-skia-runtime-tests.sh` to always create the `$(build.sourcesdirectory)/build/uitests-failure-results` path before existing with an error, as failure to do so means that the `PublishBuildArtifacts@1` YAML task fails: ##[error]Publishing build artifacts failed with an error: Not found PathtoPublish: /agent/_work/1/s/build/uitests-failure-results which in turn means subsequent `DownloadBuildArtifacts@0` / **Download previous test runs failed tests** steps *also* always fail: ##[error]Artifact uitests-android-nativeaot-failure-results not found for build 174635. Please ensure you have published artifacts in any previous phases of the current build. Enable NativeAOT builds by updating `SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj` to set the [`$(PublishAot)`][1] property to the `$(SkiaPublishAot)` MSBuild property. This allows us to build a single project for NativeAOT -- `SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj` -- *without* trying to build every referenced project for NativeAOT, which is what happens if you instead try `dotnet publish -p:PublishAot=true …`: % dotnet build -c Release -p:PublishAot=true src/SamplesApp/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj -bl … …/Microsoft.NET.Sdk.FrameworkReferenceResolution.targets(121,5): error NETSDK1207: Ahead-of-time compilation is not supported for the target framework. % dotnet publish src/SamplesApp/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj \ -c Release -r android-x64 -f net10.0-android -p:UnoTargetFrameworkOverride=net10.0-android -p:SkiaPublishAot=true -bl # succeeds… after 15 minutes… This also requires updating `$(NoWarn)` to ignore the hundreds of IL trimmer warnings. We're just trying to see where things stand for now. Additionally, we need to publish with `-r android-x64` in order to avoid the build error: …/Microsoft.NETCore.Native.Publish.targets(92,5): error MSB3030: Could not copy the file "bin/Release/net10.0-android/native/SamplesApp.so" because it was not found. Because it's `bin/Release/net10.0-android/android-{arm64,x64}/native/SamplesApp.so`! Oddly, using `-r android-x64` still results in *both* ABIs being included, which appears to be a unoplatform/uno "bug": % unzip -l src/SamplesApp/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile/bin/Release/net10.0-android/android-x64/publish/uno.platform.samplesapp.skia-Signed.apk | grep SamplesApp.so 763563120 08-28-2025 19:47 lib/x86_64/libSamplesApp.so 757982224 08-28-2025 19:48 lib/arm64-v8a/libSamplesApp.so The need for `-r android-x64` may be related to dotnet/android#10457. Finally, .NET Crypto support isn't propertly initialized in Android+NativeAOT apps in .NET 10 RC1; see dotnet/android#10463. This may be fixed in dotnet/android#10461, but in the meantime we can manually call `AndroidCryptoNative_InitLibraryOnLoad()` so that methods such as `SHA1.Create()` won't throw. Note: Do *not* make Release-config apps [Debuggable][2] under .NET 10 Preview 7 or earlier; you will run into [dotnet/java-interop@90ac202e][3]. [0]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/deploying/native-aot/ [1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/deploying/native-aot/?tabs=windows%2Cnet8#publish-native-aot-using-the-cli [2]: https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/application-element#debug [3]: dotnet/java-interop@90ac202

…droid Context: #21256 / 52a6f3e Context: dotnet/android#10461 Context: dotnet/android#10457 Context: dotnet/android#10463 #21256 added support for building with .NET 10, and one of the new features in .NET 10 is that Android has (very!) preliminary preview support for [NativeAOT][0]. As building `SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj` with NativeAOT takes a significant amount of time and disk space, we've decided to introduce a new `Tests - Android+NativeAOT Skia` stage to build and run these unit tests within an Android+NativeAOT environment. To help reduce disk usage, after building the `.apk` we delete the `obj` directory. Update `android-run-skia-runtime-tests.sh` to always create the `$(build.sourcesdirectory)/build/uitests-failure-results` path before existing with an error, as failure to do so means that the `PublishBuildArtifacts@1` YAML task fails: ##[error]Publishing build artifacts failed with an error: Not found PathtoPublish: /agent/_work/1/s/build/uitests-failure-results which in turn means subsequent `DownloadBuildArtifacts@0` / **Download previous test runs failed tests** steps *also* always fail: ##[error]Artifact uitests-android-nativeaot-failure-results not found for build 174635. Please ensure you have published artifacts in any previous phases of the current build. Update `ApplicationData.GetRoamingFolder()` to explicitly create `Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.ApplicationData)`. (Apparently this isn't created by default under NativeAOT?) This avoids a startup assertion: I NativeAotFromAndroid: App failed to initialize: System.IO.DirectoryNotFoundException: IO_PathNotFound_Path, /data/user/0/uno.platform.samplesapp.skia/files/.config/b63c4306-f361-42d0-bc1d-5be385a95c78.txt I NativeAotFromAndroid: at System.IO.FileSystem.DeleteFile(String) + 0xe7 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.App.<AssertApplicationData>g__AssertCanCreateFile|32_3(StorageFolder) + 0x10c I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.App.AssertApplicationData() + 0xa5 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.App..ctor() + 0x2a3 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.Droid.Application.<>c.<.ctor>b__0_0() + 0x18 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Microsoft.UI.Xaml.NativeApplication.<OnActivityStarted>b__7_0() + 0x12 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Uno.UI.Runtime.Skia.Android.AndroidHost.<Run>g__CreateApp|2_10(ApplicationInitializationCallbackParams _) + 0xf I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Application.StartPartial(ApplicationInitializationCallback callback) + 0xb5 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Uno.UI.Runtime.Skia.Android.AndroidHost.Run() + 0x306 Enable NativeAOT builds by updating `SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj` to set the [`$(PublishAot)`][1] property to the `$(SkiaPublishAot)` MSBuild property. This allows us to build a single project for NativeAOT -- `SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj` -- *without* trying to build every referenced project for NativeAOT, which is what happens if you instead try `dotnet publish -p:PublishAot=true …`: % dotnet build -c Release -p:PublishAot=true src/SamplesApp/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj -bl … …/Microsoft.NET.Sdk.FrameworkReferenceResolution.targets(121,5): error NETSDK1207: Ahead-of-time compilation is not supported for the target framework. % dotnet publish src/SamplesApp/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj \ -c Release -r android-x64 -f net10.0-android -p:UnoTargetFrameworkOverride=net10.0-android -p:SkiaPublishAot=true -bl # succeeds… after 15 minutes… This also requires updating `$(NoWarn)` to ignore the hundreds of IL trimmer warnings. We're just trying to see where things stand for now. Additionally, we need to publish with `-r android-x64` in order to avoid the build error: …/Microsoft.NETCore.Native.Publish.targets(92,5): error MSB3030: Could not copy the file "bin/Release/net10.0-android/native/SamplesApp.so" because it was not found. Because it's `bin/Release/net10.0-android/android-{arm64,x64}/native/SamplesApp.so`! Oddly, using `-r android-x64` still results in *both* ABIs being included, which appears to be a unoplatform/uno "bug": % unzip -l src/SamplesApp/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile/bin/Release/net10.0-android/android-x64/publish/uno.platform.samplesapp.skia-Signed.apk | grep SamplesApp.so 763563120 08-28-2025 19:47 lib/x86_64/libSamplesApp.so 757982224 08-28-2025 19:48 lib/arm64-v8a/libSamplesApp.so The need for `-r android-x64` may be related to dotnet/android#10457. Finally, .NET Crypto support isn't propertly initialized in Android+NativeAOT apps in .NET 10 RC1; see dotnet/android#10463. This may be fixed in dotnet/android#10461, but in the meantime we can manually call `AndroidCryptoNative_InitLibraryOnLoad()` so that methods such as `SHA1.Create()` won't throw. Note: Do *not* make Release-config apps [Debuggable][2] under .NET 10 Preview 7 or earlier; you will run into [dotnet/java-interop@90ac202e][3]. [0]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/deploying/native-aot/ [1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/deploying/native-aot/?tabs=windows%2Cnet8#publish-native-aot-using-the-cli [2]: https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/application-element#debug [3]: dotnet/java-interop@90ac202

Builds, installs, does nothing yet.

…tdc++-compat

Linking seems to work, not tested yet

NativeAOT sample now links without errors about missing symbols (added linker options for it to fail if missing symbols are detected)

Disable attempts to collect assemblies for compression to avoid this error: D:\dotnet-android\android\bin\Debug\dotnet\packs\Microsoft.Android.Sdk.Windows\36.0.0-ci.dev-grendel-naot-runtime.323\tools\Xamarin.Android.Common.targets(2258,3): error XACAF7009: System.InvalidOperationException: Assembly compression info not found for key '__CompressedAssembliesInfo:D:\emcli ent\MailClient.Mobile\MailClient.Mobile.Android\MailClient.Mobile.Android.csproj'. Compression will not be perform ed. at Xamarin.Android.Tasks.CollectAssemblyFilesToCompress.GetCompressedAssemblyInfo() at Xamarin.Android.Tasks.CollectAssemblyFilesToCompress.RunTask() at Microsoft.Android.Build.Tasks.AndroidTask.Execute()

jonathanpeppers · 2025-09-12T13:56:13Z

src/Mono.Android/Android.Runtime/AndroidRuntime.cs

+	// TODO: this shouldn't be public
+	public class AndroidObjectReferenceManager : JniRuntime.JniObjectReferenceManager {


This is the only thing we'll need to fix ASAP next week.

…droid Context: #21256 / 52a6f3e Context: dotnet/android#10461 Context: dotnet/android#10457 Context: dotnet/android#10463 #21256 added support for building with .NET 10, and one of the new features in .NET 10 is that Android has (very!) preliminary preview support for [NativeAOT][0]. As building `SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj` with NativeAOT takes a significant amount of time and disk space, we've decided to introduce a new `Tests - Android+NativeAOT Skia` stage to build and run these unit tests within an Android+NativeAOT environment. To help reduce disk usage, after building the `.apk` we delete the `obj` directory. Update `android-run-skia-runtime-tests.sh` to always create the `$(build.sourcesdirectory)/build/uitests-failure-results` path before existing with an error, as failure to do so means that the `PublishBuildArtifacts@1` YAML task fails: ##[error]Publishing build artifacts failed with an error: Not found PathtoPublish: /agent/_work/1/s/build/uitests-failure-results which in turn means subsequent `DownloadBuildArtifacts@0` / **Download previous test runs failed tests** steps *also* always fail: ##[error]Artifact uitests-android-nativeaot-failure-results not found for build 174635. Please ensure you have published artifacts in any previous phases of the current build. Update `ApplicationData.GetRoamingFolder()` to explicitly create `Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.ApplicationData)`. (Apparently this isn't created by default under NativeAOT?) This avoids a startup assertion: I NativeAotFromAndroid: App failed to initialize: System.IO.DirectoryNotFoundException: IO_PathNotFound_Path, /data/user/0/uno.platform.samplesapp.skia/files/.config/b63c4306-f361-42d0-bc1d-5be385a95c78.txt I NativeAotFromAndroid: at System.IO.FileSystem.DeleteFile(String) + 0xe7 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.App.<AssertApplicationData>g__AssertCanCreateFile|32_3(StorageFolder) + 0x10c I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.App.AssertApplicationData() + 0xa5 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.App..ctor() + 0x2a3 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.Droid.Application.<>c.<.ctor>b__0_0() + 0x18 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Microsoft.UI.Xaml.NativeApplication.<OnActivityStarted>b__7_0() + 0x12 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Uno.UI.Runtime.Skia.Android.AndroidHost.<Run>g__CreateApp|2_10(ApplicationInitializationCallbackParams _) + 0xf I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Application.StartPartial(ApplicationInitializationCallback callback) + 0xb5 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Uno.UI.Runtime.Skia.Android.AndroidHost.Run() + 0x306 Enable NativeAOT builds by updating `SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj` to set the [`$(PublishAot)`][1] property to the `$(SkiaPublishAot)` MSBuild property. This allows us to build a single project for NativeAOT -- `SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj` -- *without* trying to build every referenced project for NativeAOT, which is what happens if you instead try `dotnet publish -p:PublishAot=true …`: % dotnet build -c Release -p:PublishAot=true src/SamplesApp/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj -bl … …/Microsoft.NET.Sdk.FrameworkReferenceResolution.targets(121,5): error NETSDK1207: Ahead-of-time compilation is not supported for the target framework. % dotnet publish src/SamplesApp/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj \ -c Release -r android-x64 -f net10.0-android -p:UnoTargetFrameworkOverride=net10.0-android -p:SkiaPublishAot=true -bl # succeeds… after 15 minutes… This also requires updating `$(NoWarn)` to ignore the hundreds of IL trimmer warnings. We're just trying to see where things stand for now. Additionally, we need to publish with `-r android-x64` in order to avoid the build error: …/Microsoft.NETCore.Native.Publish.targets(92,5): error MSB3030: Could not copy the file "bin/Release/net10.0-android/native/SamplesApp.so" because it was not found. Because it's `bin/Release/net10.0-android/android-{arm64,x64}/native/SamplesApp.so`! Oddly, using `-r android-x64` still results in *both* ABIs being included, which appears to be a unoplatform/uno "bug": % unzip -l src/SamplesApp/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile/bin/Release/net10.0-android/android-x64/publish/uno.platform.samplesapp.skia-Signed.apk | grep SamplesApp.so 763563120 08-28-2025 19:47 lib/x86_64/libSamplesApp.so 757982224 08-28-2025 19:48 lib/arm64-v8a/libSamplesApp.so The need for `-r android-x64` may be related to dotnet/android#10457. Finally, .NET Crypto support isn't propertly initialized in Android+NativeAOT apps in .NET 10 RC1; see dotnet/android#10463. This may be fixed in dotnet/android#10461, but in the meantime we can manually call `AndroidCryptoNative_InitLibraryOnLoad()` so that methods such as `SHA1.Create()` won't throw. Note: Do *not* make Release-config apps [Debuggable][2] under .NET 10 Preview 7 or earlier; you will run into [dotnet/java-interop@90ac202e][3]. [0]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/deploying/native-aot/ [1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/deploying/native-aot/?tabs=windows%2Cnet8#publish-native-aot-using-the-cli [2]: https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/application-element#debug [3]: dotnet/java-interop@90ac202

Context: #10461 A follow up to #10461 which adds some more compatibility with the "standard" MonoVM and CoreCLR runtime hosts, namely: * Support for setting environment variables via the environment file (`<AndroidEnvironment>` MSBuild item) * Support for setting **local** (that is, application level, not system level) system properties In addition to the above, it makes NativeAOT use static libc++ instead of the shared one, which not only shrinks the package size (`libc++_shared.so` is around 9mb), but it also makes startup slightly faster.

…droid Context: #21256 / 52a6f3e Context: dotnet/android#10461 Context: dotnet/android#10457 Context: dotnet/android#10463 #21256 added support for building with .NET 10, and one of the new features in .NET 10 is that Android has (very!) preliminary preview support for [NativeAOT][0]. As building `SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj` with NativeAOT takes a significant amount of time and disk space, we've decided to introduce a new `Tests - Android+NativeAOT Skia` stage to build and run these unit tests within an Android+NativeAOT environment. To help reduce disk usage, after building the `.apk` we delete the `obj` directory. Update `android-run-skia-runtime-tests.sh` to always create the `$(build.sourcesdirectory)/build/uitests-failure-results` path before existing with an error, as failure to do so means that the `PublishBuildArtifacts@1` YAML task fails: ##[error]Publishing build artifacts failed with an error: Not found PathtoPublish: /agent/_work/1/s/build/uitests-failure-results which in turn means subsequent `DownloadBuildArtifacts@0` / **Download previous test runs failed tests** steps *also* always fail: ##[error]Artifact uitests-android-nativeaot-failure-results not found for build 174635. Please ensure you have published artifacts in any previous phases of the current build. Update `ApplicationData.GetRoamingFolder()` to explicitly create `Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.ApplicationData)`. (Apparently this isn't created by default under NativeAOT?) This avoids a startup assertion: I NativeAotFromAndroid: App failed to initialize: System.IO.DirectoryNotFoundException: IO_PathNotFound_Path, /data/user/0/uno.platform.samplesapp.skia/files/.config/b63c4306-f361-42d0-bc1d-5be385a95c78.txt I NativeAotFromAndroid: at System.IO.FileSystem.DeleteFile(String) + 0xe7 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.App.<AssertApplicationData>g__AssertCanCreateFile|32_3(StorageFolder) + 0x10c I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.App.AssertApplicationData() + 0xa5 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.App..ctor() + 0x2a3 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.Droid.Application.<>c.<.ctor>b__0_0() + 0x18 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Microsoft.UI.Xaml.NativeApplication.<OnActivityStarted>b__7_0() + 0x12 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Uno.UI.Runtime.Skia.Android.AndroidHost.<Run>g__CreateApp|2_10(ApplicationInitializationCallbackParams _) + 0xf I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Application.StartPartial(ApplicationInitializationCallback callback) + 0xb5 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Uno.UI.Runtime.Skia.Android.AndroidHost.Run() + 0x306 Enable NativeAOT builds by updating `SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj` to set the [`$(PublishAot)`][1] property to the `$(SkiaPublishAot)` MSBuild property. This allows us to build a single project for NativeAOT -- `SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj` -- *without* trying to build every referenced project for NativeAOT, which is what happens if you instead try `dotnet publish -p:PublishAot=true …`: % dotnet build -c Release -p:PublishAot=true src/SamplesApp/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj -bl … …/Microsoft.NET.Sdk.FrameworkReferenceResolution.targets(121,5): error NETSDK1207: Ahead-of-time compilation is not supported for the target framework. % dotnet publish src/SamplesApp/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj \ -c Release -r android-x64 -f net10.0-android -p:UnoTargetFrameworkOverride=net10.0-android -p:SkiaPublishAot=true -bl # succeeds… after 15 minutes… This also requires updating `$(NoWarn)` to ignore the hundreds of IL trimmer warnings. We're just trying to see where things stand for now. Additionally, we need to publish with `-r android-x64` in order to avoid the build error: …/Microsoft.NETCore.Native.Publish.targets(92,5): error MSB3030: Could not copy the file "bin/Release/net10.0-android/native/SamplesApp.so" because it was not found. Because it's `bin/Release/net10.0-android/android-{arm64,x64}/native/SamplesApp.so`! Oddly, using `-r android-x64` still results in *both* ABIs being included, which appears to be a unoplatform/uno "bug": % unzip -l src/SamplesApp/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile/bin/Release/net10.0-android/android-x64/publish/uno.platform.samplesapp.skia-Signed.apk | grep SamplesApp.so 763563120 08-28-2025 19:47 lib/x86_64/libSamplesApp.so 757982224 08-28-2025 19:48 lib/arm64-v8a/libSamplesApp.so The need for `-r android-x64` may be related to dotnet/android#10457. Finally, .NET Crypto support isn't propertly initialized in Android+NativeAOT apps in .NET 10 RC1; see dotnet/android#10463. This may be fixed in dotnet/android#10461, but in the meantime we can manually call `AndroidCryptoNative_InitLibraryOnLoad()` so that methods such as `SHA1.Create()` won't throw. Note: Do *not* make Release-config apps [Debuggable][2] under .NET 10 Preview 7 or earlier; you will run into [dotnet/java-interop@90ac202e][3]. [0]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/deploying/native-aot/ [1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/deploying/native-aot/?tabs=windows%2Cnet8#publish-native-aot-using-the-cli [2]: https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/application-element#debug [3]: dotnet/java-interop@90ac202

…droid Context: #21256 / 52a6f3e Context: dotnet/android#10461 Context: dotnet/android#10457 Context: dotnet/android#10463 Context: AwesomeAssertions/AwesomeAssertions#290 #21256 added support for building with .NET 10, and one of the new features in .NET 10 is that Android has (very!) preliminary preview support for [NativeAOT][0]. As building `SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj` with NativeAOT takes a significant amount of time and disk space, we've decided to introduce a new `Tests - Android+NativeAOT Skia` stage to build and run these unit tests within an Android+NativeAOT environment. To help reduce disk usage, after building the `.apk` we delete the `obj` directory. Update `android-run-skia-runtime-tests.sh` to always create the `$(build.sourcesdirectory)/build/uitests-failure-results` path before existing with an error, as failure to do so means that the `PublishBuildArtifacts@1` YAML task fails: ##[error]Publishing build artifacts failed with an error: Not found PathtoPublish: /agent/_work/1/s/build/uitests-failure-results which in turn means subsequent `DownloadBuildArtifacts@0` / **Download previous test runs failed tests** steps *also* always fail: ##[error]Artifact uitests-android-nativeaot-failure-results not found for build 174635. Please ensure you have published artifacts in any previous phases of the current build. Update `ApplicationData.GetRoamingFolder()` to explicitly create `Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.ApplicationData)`. (Apparently this isn't created by default under NativeAOT?) This avoids a startup assertion: I NativeAotFromAndroid: App failed to initialize: System.IO.DirectoryNotFoundException: IO_PathNotFound_Path, /data/user/0/uno.platform.samplesapp.skia/files/.config/b63c4306-f361-42d0-bc1d-5be385a95c78.txt I NativeAotFromAndroid: at System.IO.FileSystem.DeleteFile(String) + 0xe7 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.App.<AssertApplicationData>g__AssertCanCreateFile|32_3(StorageFolder) + 0x10c I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.App.AssertApplicationData() + 0xa5 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.App..ctor() + 0x2a3 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.Droid.Application.<>c.<.ctor>b__0_0() + 0x18 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Microsoft.UI.Xaml.NativeApplication.<OnActivityStarted>b__7_0() + 0x12 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Uno.UI.Runtime.Skia.Android.AndroidHost.<Run>g__CreateApp|2_10(ApplicationInitializationCallbackParams _) + 0xf I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Application.StartPartial(ApplicationInitializationCallback callback) + 0xb5 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Uno.UI.Runtime.Skia.Android.AndroidHost.Run() + 0x306 Enable NativeAOT builds by updating `SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj` to set the [`$(PublishAot)`][1] property to the `$(SkiaPublishAot)` MSBuild property. This allows us to build a single project for NativeAOT -- `SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj` -- *without* trying to build every referenced project for NativeAOT, which is what happens if you instead try `dotnet publish -p:PublishAot=true …`: % dotnet build -c Release -p:PublishAot=true src/SamplesApp/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj -bl … …/Microsoft.NET.Sdk.FrameworkReferenceResolution.targets(121,5): error NETSDK1207: Ahead-of-time compilation is not supported for the target framework. % dotnet publish src/SamplesApp/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj \ -c Release -r android-x64 -f net10.0-android -p:UnoTargetFrameworkOverride=net10.0-android -p:SkiaPublishAot=true -bl # succeeds… after 15 minutes… This also requires updating `$(NoWarn)` to ignore the hundreds of IL trimmer warnings. We're just trying to see where things stand for now. Additionally, we need to publish with `-r android-x64` in order to avoid the build error: …/Microsoft.NETCore.Native.Publish.targets(92,5): error MSB3030: Could not copy the file "bin/Release/net10.0-android/native/SamplesApp.so" because it was not found. Because it's `bin/Release/net10.0-android/android-{arm64,x64}/native/SamplesApp.so`! Oddly, using `-r android-x64` still results in *both* ABIs being included, which appears to be a unoplatform/uno "bug": % unzip -l src/SamplesApp/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile/bin/Release/net10.0-android/android-x64/publish/uno.platform.samplesapp.skia-Signed.apk | grep SamplesApp.so 763563120 08-28-2025 19:47 lib/x86_64/libSamplesApp.so 757982224 08-28-2025 19:48 lib/arm64-v8a/libSamplesApp.so The need for `-r android-x64` may be related to dotnet/android#10457. .NET Crypto support isn't propertly initialized in Android+NativeAOT apps in .NET 10 RC1; see dotnet/android#10463. This may be fixed in dotnet/android#10461, but in the meantime we can manually call `AndroidCryptoNative_InitLibraryOnLoad()` so that methods such as `SHA1.Create()` won't throw. Update `UnitTestsControl.cs` to provide better error messages when tests fail in certain scenarios. Previously, many (many!) tests would fail: System.Reflection.TargetParameterCountException: Arg_ParmCnt at System.Reflection.DynamicInvokeInfo.ThrowForArgCountMismatch() + 0x83 at System.Reflection.DynamicInvokeInfo.Invoke(Object, IntPtr, Object[], BinderBundle, Boolean) + 0x136 at Internal.Reflection.Execution.MethodInvokers.InstanceMethodInvoker.Invoke(Object, Object[], BinderBundle, Boolean) + 0x4f at Internal.Reflection.Core.Execution.MethodBaseInvoker.Invoke(Object, Object[], Binder, BindingFlags, CultureInfo) + 0x48 at System.Reflection.Runtime.MethodInfos.RuntimeMethodInfo.Invoke(Object, BindingFlags, Binder, Object[], CultureInfo) + 0x70 at Uno.UI.Samples.Tests.UnitTestsControl.<>c__DisplayClass67_2.<<ExecuteTestsForInstance>g__InvokeTestMethod|5>d.MoveNext() + 0x4b9 System.InvalidOperationException: Missing parameter does not have default value at Uno.UI.Samples.Tests.UnitTestsControl.ExpandArgumentsWithDefaultValues(Object[] methodArguments, ParameterInfo[] methodParameters) + 0x138 at Uno.UI.Samples.Tests.UnitTestsControl.<>c__DisplayClass67_4.<<ExecuteTestsForInstance>b__12>d.MoveNext() + 0x92 --- End of stack trace from previous location --- at Uno.UI.Samples.Tests.UnitTestsControl.<>c__DisplayClass67_2.<<ExecuteTestsForInstance>g__InvokeTestMethod|5>d.MoveNext() + 0x549 The problem is that the reported test that was failing would be reported as e.g. `When_Add_Remove(System.Object[])`, which is a test method which *does not exist* (it's actually `When_Add_Remove(object, int, LeakTestStyles, RuntimeTestPlatforms)`). Additionally, which parameter doesn't have a default value? Or how does the parameter count not match? Or… Exclude tests which don't pass under NativeAOT. These fall into two major categories: 1. Failures that don't make sense, failing due to the above two mentioned exceptions. 2. Failures which are due to `AwesomeAssertions` using `MethodInfo.MakeGenericMethod()`; see AwesomeAssertions/AwesomeAssertions#290: Unhandled exception. System.NotSupportedException: 'AwesomeAssertions.Equivalency.Steps.GenericEnumerableEquivalencyStep.HandleImpl[System.Int32](AwesomeAssertions.Equivalency.Steps.EnumerableEquivalencyValidator,System.Object[],System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1[System.Int32])' is missing native code. MethodInfo.MakeGenericMethod() is not compatible with AOT compilation. Inspect and fix AOT related warnings that were generated when the app was published. For more information see https://aka.ms/nativeaot-compatibility at System.Reflection.Runtime.MethodInfos.RuntimeNamedMethodInfo`1.GetUncachedMethodInvoker(RuntimeTypeInfo[], MemberInfo) + 0x2a at System.Reflection.Runtime.MethodInfos.RuntimeMethodInfo.Invoke(Object, BindingFlags, Binder, Object[], CultureInfo) + 0x3f at AwesomeAssertions.Equivalency.Steps.GenericEnumerableEquivalencyStep.Handle(Comparands, IEquivalencyValidationContext, IValidateChildNodeEquivalency) + 0x21a at AwesomeAssertions.Equivalency.EquivalencyValidator.TryToProveNodesAreEquivalent(Comparands, IEquivalencyValidationContext) + 0x129 at AwesomeAssertions.Equivalency.EquivalencyValidator.AssertEquality(Comparands, EquivalencyValidationContext) + 0x43 at AwesomeAssertions.Collections.GenericCollectionAssertions`3.BeEquivalentTo[TExpectation](IEnumerable`1, Func`2, String, Object[]) + 0x1f9 Basically, the `.BeBeEquivalentTo()` extension method cannot currently work in NativeAOT environments. These are ignored via: [Ignore(".BeEquivalentTo() unsupported under NativeAOT; see: AwesomeAssertions/AwesomeAssertions#290")] [0]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/deploying/native-aot/ [1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/deploying/native-aot/?tabs=windows%2Cnet8#publish-native-aot-using-the-cli [2]: https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/application-element#debug [3]: dotnet/java-interop@90ac202

…droid Context: #21256 / 52a6f3e Context: dotnet/android#10461 Context: dotnet/android#10457 Context: dotnet/android#10463 Context: AwesomeAssertions/AwesomeAssertions#290 #21256 added support for building with .NET 10, and one of the new features in .NET 10 is that Android has (very!) preliminary preview support for [NativeAOT][0]. As building `SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj` with NativeAOT takes a significant amount of time and disk space, we've decided to introduce a new `Tests - Android+NativeAOT Skia` stage to build and run these unit tests within an Android+NativeAOT environment. To help reduce disk usage, after building the `.apk` we delete the `obj` directory. Update `android-run-skia-runtime-tests.sh` to always create the `$(build.sourcesdirectory)/build/uitests-failure-results` path before existing with an error, as failure to do so means that the `PublishBuildArtifacts@1` YAML task fails: ##[error]Publishing build artifacts failed with an error: Not found PathtoPublish: /agent/_work/1/s/build/uitests-failure-results which in turn means subsequent `DownloadBuildArtifacts@0` / **Download previous test runs failed tests** steps *also* always fail: ##[error]Artifact uitests-android-nativeaot-failure-results not found for build 174635. Please ensure you have published artifacts in any previous phases of the current build. Update `ApplicationData.GetRoamingFolder()` to explicitly create `Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.ApplicationData)`. (Apparently this isn't created by default under NativeAOT?) This avoids a startup assertion: I NativeAotFromAndroid: App failed to initialize: System.IO.DirectoryNotFoundException: IO_PathNotFound_Path, /data/user/0/uno.platform.samplesapp.skia/files/.config/b63c4306-f361-42d0-bc1d-5be385a95c78.txt I NativeAotFromAndroid: at System.IO.FileSystem.DeleteFile(String) + 0xe7 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.App.<AssertApplicationData>g__AssertCanCreateFile|32_3(StorageFolder) + 0x10c I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.App.AssertApplicationData() + 0xa5 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.App..ctor() + 0x2a3 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.Droid.Application.<>c.<.ctor>b__0_0() + 0x18 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Microsoft.UI.Xaml.NativeApplication.<OnActivityStarted>b__7_0() + 0x12 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Uno.UI.Runtime.Skia.Android.AndroidHost.<Run>g__CreateApp|2_10(ApplicationInitializationCallbackParams _) + 0xf I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Application.StartPartial(ApplicationInitializationCallback callback) + 0xb5 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Uno.UI.Runtime.Skia.Android.AndroidHost.Run() + 0x306 Enable NativeAOT builds by updating `SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj` to set the [`$(PublishAot)`][1] property to the `$(SkiaPublishAot)` MSBuild property. This allows us to build a single project for NativeAOT -- `SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj` -- *without* trying to build every referenced project for NativeAOT, which is what happens if you instead try `dotnet publish -p:PublishAot=true …`: % dotnet build -c Release -p:PublishAot=true src/SamplesApp/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj -bl … …/Microsoft.NET.Sdk.FrameworkReferenceResolution.targets(121,5): error NETSDK1207: Ahead-of-time compilation is not supported for the target framework. % dotnet publish src/SamplesApp/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj \ -c Release -r android-x64 -f net10.0-android -p:UnoTargetFrameworkOverride=net10.0-android -p:SkiaPublishAot=true -bl # succeeds… after 15 minutes… This also requires updating `$(NoWarn)` to ignore the hundreds of IL trimmer warnings. We're just trying to see where things stand for now. Additionally, we need to publish with `-r android-x64` in order to avoid the build error: …/Microsoft.NETCore.Native.Publish.targets(92,5): error MSB3030: Could not copy the file "bin/Release/net10.0-android/native/SamplesApp.so" because it was not found. Because it's `bin/Release/net10.0-android/android-{arm64,x64}/native/SamplesApp.so`! Oddly, using `-r android-x64` still results in *both* ABIs being included, which appears to be a unoplatform/uno "bug": % unzip -l src/SamplesApp/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile/bin/Release/net10.0-android/android-x64/publish/uno.platform.samplesapp.skia-Signed.apk | grep SamplesApp.so 763563120 08-28-2025 19:47 lib/x86_64/libSamplesApp.so 757982224 08-28-2025 19:48 lib/arm64-v8a/libSamplesApp.so The need for `-r android-x64` may be related to dotnet/android#10457. .NET Crypto support isn't propertly initialized in Android+NativeAOT apps in .NET 10 RC1; see dotnet/android#10463. This may be fixed in dotnet/android#10461, but in the meantime we can manually call `AndroidCryptoNative_InitLibraryOnLoad()` so that methods such as `SHA1.Create()` won't throw. Update `UnitTestsControl.cs` to provide better error messages when tests fail in certain scenarios. Previously, many (many!) tests would fail: System.Reflection.TargetParameterCountException: Arg_ParmCnt at System.Reflection.DynamicInvokeInfo.ThrowForArgCountMismatch() + 0x83 at System.Reflection.DynamicInvokeInfo.Invoke(Object, IntPtr, Object[], BinderBundle, Boolean) + 0x136 at Internal.Reflection.Execution.MethodInvokers.InstanceMethodInvoker.Invoke(Object, Object[], BinderBundle, Boolean) + 0x4f at Internal.Reflection.Core.Execution.MethodBaseInvoker.Invoke(Object, Object[], Binder, BindingFlags, CultureInfo) + 0x48 at System.Reflection.Runtime.MethodInfos.RuntimeMethodInfo.Invoke(Object, BindingFlags, Binder, Object[], CultureInfo) + 0x70 at Uno.UI.Samples.Tests.UnitTestsControl.<>c__DisplayClass67_2.<<ExecuteTestsForInstance>g__InvokeTestMethod|5>d.MoveNext() + 0x4b9 System.InvalidOperationException: Missing parameter does not have default value at Uno.UI.Samples.Tests.UnitTestsControl.ExpandArgumentsWithDefaultValues(Object[] methodArguments, ParameterInfo[] methodParameters) + 0x138 at Uno.UI.Samples.Tests.UnitTestsControl.<>c__DisplayClass67_4.<<ExecuteTestsForInstance>b__12>d.MoveNext() + 0x92 --- End of stack trace from previous location --- at Uno.UI.Samples.Tests.UnitTestsControl.<>c__DisplayClass67_2.<<ExecuteTestsForInstance>g__InvokeTestMethod|5>d.MoveNext() + 0x549 The problem is that the reported test that was failing would be reported as e.g. `When_Add_Remove(System.Object[])`, which is a test method which *does not exist* (it's actually `When_Add_Remove(object, int, LeakTestStyles, RuntimeTestPlatforms)`). Additionally, which parameter doesn't have a default value? Or how does the parameter count not match? Or… Exclude tests which don't pass under NativeAOT. These fall into two major categories: 1. Failures that don't make sense, failing due to the above two mentioned exceptions. These are ignored via: [Ignore("DataRowAttribute.GetData() wraps data in an extra array under NativeAOT; not yet understood why.")] 2. Failures which are due to `AwesomeAssertions` using `MethodInfo.MakeGenericMethod()`; see AwesomeAssertions/AwesomeAssertions#290: Unhandled exception. System.NotSupportedException: 'AwesomeAssertions.Equivalency.Steps.GenericEnumerableEquivalencyStep.HandleImpl[System.Int32](AwesomeAssertions.Equivalency.Steps.EnumerableEquivalencyValidator,System.Object[],System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1[System.Int32])' is missing native code. MethodInfo.MakeGenericMethod() is not compatible with AOT compilation. Inspect and fix AOT related warnings that were generated when the app was published. For more information see https://aka.ms/nativeaot-compatibility at System.Reflection.Runtime.MethodInfos.RuntimeNamedMethodInfo`1.GetUncachedMethodInvoker(RuntimeTypeInfo[], MemberInfo) + 0x2a at System.Reflection.Runtime.MethodInfos.RuntimeMethodInfo.Invoke(Object, BindingFlags, Binder, Object[], CultureInfo) + 0x3f at AwesomeAssertions.Equivalency.Steps.GenericEnumerableEquivalencyStep.Handle(Comparands, IEquivalencyValidationContext, IValidateChildNodeEquivalency) + 0x21a at AwesomeAssertions.Equivalency.EquivalencyValidator.TryToProveNodesAreEquivalent(Comparands, IEquivalencyValidationContext) + 0x129 at AwesomeAssertions.Equivalency.EquivalencyValidator.AssertEquality(Comparands, EquivalencyValidationContext) + 0x43 at AwesomeAssertions.Collections.GenericCollectionAssertions`3.BeEquivalentTo[TExpectation](IEnumerable`1, Func`2, String, Object[]) + 0x1f9 Basically, the `.BeBeEquivalentTo()` extension method cannot currently work in NativeAOT environments. These are ignored via: [Ignore(".BeEquivalentTo() unsupported under NativeAOT; see: AwesomeAssertions/AwesomeAssertions#290")] [0]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/deploying/native-aot/ [1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/deploying/native-aot/?tabs=windows%2Cnet8#publish-native-aot-using-the-cli [2]: https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/application-element#debug [3]: dotnet/java-interop@90ac202

…droid Context: #21256 / 52a6f3e Context: dotnet/android#10461 Context: dotnet/android#10457 Context: dotnet/android#10463 Context: AwesomeAssertions/AwesomeAssertions#290 #21256 added support for building with .NET 10, and one of the new features in .NET 10 is that Android has (very!) preliminary preview support for [NativeAOT][0]. As building `SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj` with NativeAOT takes a significant amount of time and disk space, we've decided to introduce a new `Tests - Android+NativeAOT Skia` stage to build and run these unit tests within an Android+NativeAOT environment. To help reduce disk usage, after building the `.apk` we delete the `obj` directory. Update `android-run-skia-runtime-tests.sh` to always create the `$(build.sourcesdirectory)/build/uitests-failure-results` path before existing with an error, as failure to do so means that the `PublishBuildArtifacts@1` YAML task fails: ##[error]Publishing build artifacts failed with an error: Not found PathtoPublish: /agent/_work/1/s/build/uitests-failure-results which in turn means subsequent `DownloadBuildArtifacts@0` / **Download previous test runs failed tests** steps *also* always fail: ##[error]Artifact uitests-android-nativeaot-failure-results not found for build 174635. Please ensure you have published artifacts in any previous phases of the current build. Update `ApplicationData.GetRoamingFolder()` to explicitly create `Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.ApplicationData)`. (Apparently this isn't created by default under NativeAOT?) This avoids a startup assertion: I NativeAotFromAndroid: App failed to initialize: System.IO.DirectoryNotFoundException: IO_PathNotFound_Path, /data/user/0/uno.platform.samplesapp.skia/files/.config/b63c4306-f361-42d0-bc1d-5be385a95c78.txt I NativeAotFromAndroid: at System.IO.FileSystem.DeleteFile(String) + 0xe7 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.App.<AssertApplicationData>g__AssertCanCreateFile|32_3(StorageFolder) + 0x10c I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.App.AssertApplicationData() + 0xa5 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.App..ctor() + 0x2a3 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.Droid.Application.<>c.<.ctor>b__0_0() + 0x18 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Microsoft.UI.Xaml.NativeApplication.<OnActivityStarted>b__7_0() + 0x12 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Uno.UI.Runtime.Skia.Android.AndroidHost.<Run>g__CreateApp|2_10(ApplicationInitializationCallbackParams _) + 0xf I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Application.StartPartial(ApplicationInitializationCallback callback) + 0xb5 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Uno.UI.Runtime.Skia.Android.AndroidHost.Run() + 0x306 Enable NativeAOT builds by updating `SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj` to set the [`$(PublishAot)`][1] property to the `$(SkiaPublishAot)` MSBuild property. This allows us to build a single project for NativeAOT -- `SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj` -- *without* trying to build every referenced project for NativeAOT, which is what happens if you instead try `dotnet publish -p:PublishAot=true …`: % dotnet build -c Release -p:PublishAot=true src/SamplesApp/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj -bl … …/Microsoft.NET.Sdk.FrameworkReferenceResolution.targets(121,5): error NETSDK1207: Ahead-of-time compilation is not supported for the target framework. % dotnet publish src/SamplesApp/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj \ -c Release -r android-x64 -f net10.0-android -p:UnoTargetFrameworkOverride=net10.0-android -p:SkiaPublishAot=true -bl # succeeds… after 15 minutes… This also requires updating `$(NoWarn)` to ignore the hundreds of IL trimmer warnings. We're just trying to see where things stand for now. Additionally, we need to publish with `-r android-x64` in order to avoid the build error: …/Microsoft.NETCore.Native.Publish.targets(92,5): error MSB3030: Could not copy the file "bin/Release/net10.0-android/native/SamplesApp.so" because it was not found. Because it's `bin/Release/net10.0-android/android-{arm64,x64}/native/SamplesApp.so`! Oddly, using `-r android-x64` still results in *both* ABIs being included, which appears to be a unoplatform/uno "bug": % unzip -l src/SamplesApp/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile/bin/Release/net10.0-android/android-x64/publish/uno.platform.samplesapp.skia-Signed.apk | grep SamplesApp.so 763563120 08-28-2025 19:47 lib/x86_64/libSamplesApp.so 757982224 08-28-2025 19:48 lib/arm64-v8a/libSamplesApp.so The need for `-r android-x64` may be related to dotnet/android#10457. .NET Crypto support isn't propertly initialized in Android+NativeAOT apps in .NET 10 RC1; see dotnet/android#10463. This may be fixed in dotnet/android#10461, but in the meantime we can manually call `AndroidCryptoNative_InitLibraryOnLoad()` so that methods such as `SHA1.Create()` won't throw. Exclude tests which don't pass under NativeAOT. These fall into two major categories: 1. Failures that don't make sense, failing due to `TargetParameterCountException` or `InvalidOperationException` described below. These are ignored via: [Ignore("DataRowAttribute.GetData() wraps data in an extra array under NativeAOT; not yet understood why.")] 2. Failures which are due to `AwesomeAssertions` using `MethodInfo.MakeGenericMethod()`; see AwesomeAssertions/AwesomeAssertions#290: Unhandled exception. System.NotSupportedException: 'AwesomeAssertions.Equivalency.Steps.GenericEnumerableEquivalencyStep.HandleImpl[System.Int32](AwesomeAssertions.Equivalency.Steps.EnumerableEquivalencyValidator,System.Object[],System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1[System.Int32])' is missing native code. MethodInfo.MakeGenericMethod() is not compatible with AOT compilation. Inspect and fix AOT related warnings that were generated when the app was published. For more information see https://aka.ms/nativeaot-compatibility at System.Reflection.Runtime.MethodInfos.RuntimeNamedMethodInfo`1.GetUncachedMethodInvoker(RuntimeTypeInfo[], MemberInfo) + 0x2a at System.Reflection.Runtime.MethodInfos.RuntimeMethodInfo.Invoke(Object, BindingFlags, Binder, Object[], CultureInfo) + 0x3f at AwesomeAssertions.Equivalency.Steps.GenericEnumerableEquivalencyStep.Handle(Comparands, IEquivalencyValidationContext, IValidateChildNodeEquivalency) + 0x21a at AwesomeAssertions.Equivalency.EquivalencyValidator.TryToProveNodesAreEquivalent(Comparands, IEquivalencyValidationContext) + 0x129 at AwesomeAssertions.Equivalency.EquivalencyValidator.AssertEquality(Comparands, EquivalencyValidationContext) + 0x43 at AwesomeAssertions.Collections.GenericCollectionAssertions`3.BeEquivalentTo[TExpectation](IEnumerable`1, Func`2, String, Object[]) + 0x1f9 Basically, the `.BeBeEquivalentTo()` extension method cannot currently work in NativeAOT environments. These are ignored via: [Ignore(".BeEquivalentTo() unsupported under NativeAOT; see: AwesomeAssertions/AwesomeAssertions#290")] Update `UnitTestsControl.cs` to try to work around NativeAOT "weirdness" and provide better error messages when tests fail in certain scenarios. Previously, many (many!) tests would fail with one of: System.Reflection.TargetParameterCountException: Arg_ParmCnt at System.Reflection.DynamicInvokeInfo.ThrowForArgCountMismatch() + 0x83 at System.Reflection.DynamicInvokeInfo.Invoke(Object, IntPtr, Object[], BinderBundle, Boolean) + 0x136 at Internal.Reflection.Execution.MethodInvokers.InstanceMethodInvoker.Invoke(Object, Object[], BinderBundle, Boolean) + 0x4f at Internal.Reflection.Core.Execution.MethodBaseInvoker.Invoke(Object, Object[], Binder, BindingFlags, CultureInfo) + 0x48 at System.Reflection.Runtime.MethodInfos.RuntimeMethodInfo.Invoke(Object, BindingFlags, Binder, Object[], CultureInfo) + 0x70 at Uno.UI.Samples.Tests.UnitTestsControl.<>c__DisplayClass67_2.<<ExecuteTestsForInstance>g__InvokeTestMethod|5>d.MoveNext() + 0x4b9 System.InvalidOperationException: Missing parameter does not have default value at Uno.UI.Samples.Tests.UnitTestsControl.ExpandArgumentsWithDefaultValues(Object[] methodArguments, ParameterInfo[] methodParameters) + 0x138 at Uno.UI.Samples.Tests.UnitTestsControl.<>c__DisplayClass67_4.<<ExecuteTestsForInstance>b__12>d.MoveNext() + 0x92 --- End of stack trace from previous location --- at Uno.UI.Samples.Tests.UnitTestsControl.<>c__DisplayClass67_2.<<ExecuteTestsForInstance>g__InvokeTestMethod|5>d.MoveNext() + 0x549 A problem is that the reported test that was failing would be reported as e.g. `When_Add_Remove(System.Object[])`, which is a test method which *does not exist*; it's actually `When_Add_Remove(object, int, LeakTestStyles, RuntimeTestPlatforms)`. Additionally, which parameter doesn't have a default value? Or how does the parameter count not match? Or… An intermediate form of this commit would wrap the `TargetParameterCountException` in an `InvalidOperationException`, resulting in messages such as: System.InvalidOperationException: Exception thrown while invoking Uno.UI.Tests.Windows_Globalization.Given_NumeralSystemTranslator.When_NumeralSystemIsMtei(System.String, System.String) with arguments { System.Object[]{ 1 as System.String, ꯱ as System.String } }. ---> System.Reflection.TargetParameterCountException: Parameter count mismatch. Note that `When_NumeralSystemIsMtei(System.String, System.String)` takes two arguments, but it's given *one* argument with value `{{ System.Object[]{ 1 as System.String, ꯱ as System.String } }}`, i.e. *the values are there*, just "wrapped" in an extra array. Update `UnitTestsControl.InvokeTestMethod()` to always call `ExpandArgumentsWithDefaultValues()` as part of test method invocation, so that we have a centralized place to look for such "extra array wrapping". Update `ExpandArgumentsWithDefaultValues()` so that if it encounters an array for a parameter type which isn't an array, the array is expanded as additional arguments. Additionally, if a `TargetInvocationException` is thrown when the the method arguments count and parameters count match, throw an `AssertInconclusiveException`. Log various "weird" scenarios via `Console.WriteLine()` to make it easier to get a "complete" listing of such failing methods by using `adb logcat` output. [0]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/deploying/native-aot/ [1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/deploying/native-aot/?tabs=windows%2Cnet8#publish-native-aot-using-the-cli [2]: https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/application-element#debug [3]: dotnet/java-interop@90ac202

…droid Context: #21256 / 52a6f3e Context: dotnet/android#10461 Context: dotnet/android#10457 Context: dotnet/android#10463 Context: AwesomeAssertions/AwesomeAssertions#290 #21256 added support for building with .NET 10, and one of the new features in .NET 10 is that Android has (very!) preliminary preview support for [NativeAOT][0]. As building `SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj` with NativeAOT takes a significant amount of time and disk space, we've decided to introduce a new `Tests - Android+NativeAOT Skia` stage to build and run these unit tests within an Android+NativeAOT environment. To help reduce disk usage, after building the `.apk` we delete the `obj` directory. Update `android-run-skia-runtime-tests.sh` to always create the `$(build.sourcesdirectory)/build/uitests-failure-results` path before existing with an error, as failure to do so means that the `PublishBuildArtifacts@1` YAML task fails: ##[error]Publishing build artifacts failed with an error: Not found PathtoPublish: /agent/_work/1/s/build/uitests-failure-results which in turn means subsequent `DownloadBuildArtifacts@0` / **Download previous test runs failed tests** steps *also* always fail: ##[error]Artifact uitests-android-nativeaot-failure-results not found for build 174635. Please ensure you have published artifacts in any previous phases of the current build. Update `ApplicationData.GetRoamingFolder()` to explicitly create `Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.ApplicationData)`. (Apparently this isn't created by default under NativeAOT?) This avoids a startup assertion: I NativeAotFromAndroid: App failed to initialize: System.IO.DirectoryNotFoundException: IO_PathNotFound_Path, /data/user/0/uno.platform.samplesapp.skia/files/.config/b63c4306-f361-42d0-bc1d-5be385a95c78.txt I NativeAotFromAndroid: at System.IO.FileSystem.DeleteFile(String) + 0xe7 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.App.<AssertApplicationData>g__AssertCanCreateFile|32_3(StorageFolder) + 0x10c I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.App.AssertApplicationData() + 0xa5 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.App..ctor() + 0x2a3 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.Droid.Application.<>c.<.ctor>b__0_0() + 0x18 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Microsoft.UI.Xaml.NativeApplication.<OnActivityStarted>b__7_0() + 0x12 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Uno.UI.Runtime.Skia.Android.AndroidHost.<Run>g__CreateApp|2_10(ApplicationInitializationCallbackParams _) + 0xf I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Application.StartPartial(ApplicationInitializationCallback callback) + 0xb5 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Uno.UI.Runtime.Skia.Android.AndroidHost.Run() + 0x306 Enable NativeAOT builds by updating `SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj` to set the [`$(PublishAot)`][1] property to the `$(SkiaPublishAot)` MSBuild property. This allows us to build a single project for NativeAOT -- `SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj` -- *without* trying to build every referenced project for NativeAOT, which is what happens if you instead try `dotnet publish -p:PublishAot=true …`: % dotnet build -c Release -p:PublishAot=true src/SamplesApp/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj -bl … …/Microsoft.NET.Sdk.FrameworkReferenceResolution.targets(121,5): error NETSDK1207: Ahead-of-time compilation is not supported for the target framework. % dotnet publish src/SamplesApp/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj \ -c Release -r android-x64 -f net10.0-android -p:UnoTargetFrameworkOverride=net10.0-android -p:SkiaPublishAot=true -bl # succeeds… after 15 minutes… This also requires updating `$(NoWarn)` to ignore the hundreds of IL trimmer warnings. We're just trying to see where things stand for now. Additionally, we need to publish with `-r android-x64` in order to avoid the build error: …/Microsoft.NETCore.Native.Publish.targets(92,5): error MSB3030: Could not copy the file "bin/Release/net10.0-android/native/SamplesApp.so" because it was not found. Because it's `bin/Release/net10.0-android/android-{arm64,x64}/native/SamplesApp.so`! Oddly, using `-r android-x64` still results in *both* ABIs being included, which appears to be a unoplatform/uno "bug": % unzip -l src/SamplesApp/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile/bin/Release/net10.0-android/android-x64/publish/uno.platform.samplesapp.skia-Signed.apk | grep SamplesApp.so 763563120 08-28-2025 19:47 lib/x86_64/libSamplesApp.so 757982224 08-28-2025 19:48 lib/arm64-v8a/libSamplesApp.so The need for `-r android-x64` may be related to dotnet/android#10457. .NET Crypto support isn't propertly initialized in Android+NativeAOT apps in .NET 10 RC1; see dotnet/android#10463. This may be fixed in dotnet/android#10461, but in the meantime we can manually call `AndroidCryptoNative_InitLibraryOnLoad()` so that methods such as `SHA1.Create()` won't throw. Exclude tests which don't pass under NativeAOT. These fall into three major categories: 1. Failures that don't make sense, likely due to unknown bugs within the NativeAOT toolchain itself, failing due to `TargetParameterCountException` or `InvalidOperationException` described below. Some of these are worked around (see below), while others are ignored via e.g.: [Ignore("DataRowAttribute.GetData() wraps data in an extra array under NativeAOT; not yet understood why.")] 2. Failures which are due to `AwesomeAssertions` using `MethodInfo.MakeGenericMethod()`; see AwesomeAssertions/AwesomeAssertions#290: Unhandled exception. System.NotSupportedException: 'AwesomeAssertions.Equivalency.Steps.GenericEnumerableEquivalencyStep.HandleImpl[System.Int32](AwesomeAssertions.Equivalency.Steps.EnumerableEquivalencyValidator,System.Object[],System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1[System.Int32])' is missing native code. MethodInfo.MakeGenericMethod() is not compatible with AOT compilation. Inspect and fix AOT related warnings that were generated when the app was published. For more information see https://aka.ms/nativeaot-compatibility at System.Reflection.Runtime.MethodInfos.RuntimeNamedMethodInfo`1.GetUncachedMethodInvoker(RuntimeTypeInfo[], MemberInfo) + 0x2a at System.Reflection.Runtime.MethodInfos.RuntimeMethodInfo.Invoke(Object, BindingFlags, Binder, Object[], CultureInfo) + 0x3f at AwesomeAssertions.Equivalency.Steps.GenericEnumerableEquivalencyStep.Handle(Comparands, IEquivalencyValidationContext, IValidateChildNodeEquivalency) + 0x21a at AwesomeAssertions.Equivalency.EquivalencyValidator.TryToProveNodesAreEquivalent(Comparands, IEquivalencyValidationContext) + 0x129 at AwesomeAssertions.Equivalency.EquivalencyValidator.AssertEquality(Comparands, EquivalencyValidationContext) + 0x43 at AwesomeAssertions.Collections.GenericCollectionAssertions`3.BeEquivalentTo[TExpectation](IEnumerable`1, Func`2, String, Object[]) + 0x1f9 Basically, the `.BeBeEquivalentTo()` extension method cannot currently work in NativeAOT environments. These are ignored via: [Ignore(".BeEquivalentTo() unsupported under NativeAOT; see: AwesomeAssertions/AwesomeAssertions#290")] 3. Other limitations within the NativeAOT environment. For example, Android+NativeAOT does not yet have a GC bridge, meaning every `Java.Lang.Object` subclass instance is *never* collected by the GC unless explicitly `.Dispose()`d Update `UnitTestsControl.cs` to try to work around some NativeAOT "weirdness" and provide better error messages when tests fail in certain scenarios. Previously, many tests would fail with one of: System.Reflection.TargetParameterCountException: Arg_ParmCnt at System.Reflection.DynamicInvokeInfo.ThrowForArgCountMismatch() + 0x83 at System.Reflection.DynamicInvokeInfo.Invoke(Object, IntPtr, Object[], BinderBundle, Boolean) + 0x136 at Internal.Reflection.Execution.MethodInvokers.InstanceMethodInvoker.Invoke(Object, Object[], BinderBundle, Boolean) + 0x4f at Internal.Reflection.Core.Execution.MethodBaseInvoker.Invoke(Object, Object[], Binder, BindingFlags, CultureInfo) + 0x48 at System.Reflection.Runtime.MethodInfos.RuntimeMethodInfo.Invoke(Object, BindingFlags, Binder, Object[], CultureInfo) + 0x70 at Uno.UI.Samples.Tests.UnitTestsControl.<>c__DisplayClass67_2.<<ExecuteTestsForInstance>g__InvokeTestMethod|5>d.MoveNext() + 0x4b9 System.InvalidOperationException: Missing parameter does not have default value at Uno.UI.Samples.Tests.UnitTestsControl.ExpandArgumentsWithDefaultValues(Object[] methodArguments, ParameterInfo[] methodParameters) + 0x138 at Uno.UI.Samples.Tests.UnitTestsControl.<>c__DisplayClass67_4.<<ExecuteTestsForInstance>b__12>d.MoveNext() + 0x92 --- End of stack trace from previous location --- at Uno.UI.Samples.Tests.UnitTestsControl.<>c__DisplayClass67_2.<<ExecuteTestsForInstance>g__InvokeTestMethod|5>d.MoveNext() + 0x549 A problem is that the reported test that was failing would be reported as e.g. `When_Add_Remove(System.Object[])`, which is a test method which *does not exist*; it's actually `When_Add_Remove(object, int, LeakTestStyles, RuntimeTestPlatforms)`. Additionally, which parameter doesn't have a default value? Or how does the parameter count not match? Or… An intermediate form of this commit would wrap the `TargetParameterCountException` in an `InvalidOperationException`, resulting in messages such as: System.InvalidOperationException: Exception thrown while invoking Uno.UI.Tests.Windows_Globalization.Given_NumeralSystemTranslator.When_NumeralSystemIsMtei(System.String, System.String) with arguments { System.Object[]{ 1 as System.String, ꯱ as System.String } }. ---> System.Reflection.TargetParameterCountException: Parameter count mismatch. Note that `When_NumeralSystemIsMtei(System.String, System.String)` takes two arguments, but it's given *one* argument with value `{{ System.Object[]{ 1 as System.String, ꯱ as System.String } }}`, i.e. *the values are there*, just "wrapped" in an extra array. Update `UnitTestsControl.InvokeTestMethod()` to always call `ExpandArgumentsWithDefaultValues()` as part of test method invocation, so that we have a centralized place to look for such "extra array wrapping". Update `ExpandArgumentsWithDefaultValues()` so that if it encounters an array for a parameter type which isn't an array, the array is expanded as additional arguments. Log various "weird" scenarios via `Console.WriteLine()` to make it easier to get a "complete" listing of such failing methods by using `adb logcat` output. TODO? the migration to AwesomeAssertions in 80c0705 results in some "bizarre" failure messages, e.g. Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting.AssertFailedException: Expected value to be less than or equal to 81 because TextBox/SingleTextBox;Microsoft.UI.Xaml.VisualStateManager;Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Controls.Grid;…;ElementStub/HorizontalScrollBar;… which is *truncated* at *4000* characters. *Something* is wonky there. [0]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/deploying/native-aot/ [1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/deploying/native-aot/?tabs=windows%2Cnet8#publish-native-aot-using-the-cli [2]: https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/application-element#debug [3]: dotnet/java-interop@90ac202

…droid Context: #21256 / 52a6f3e Context: dotnet/android#10461 Context: dotnet/android#10457 Context: dotnet/android#10463 Context: AwesomeAssertions/AwesomeAssertions#290 #21256 added support for building with .NET 10, and one of the new features in .NET 10 is that Android has (very!) preliminary preview support for [NativeAOT][0]. As building `SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj` with NativeAOT takes a significant amount of time and disk space, we've decided to introduce a new `Tests - Android+NativeAOT Skia` stage to build and run these unit tests within an Android+NativeAOT environment. To help reduce disk usage, after building the `.apk` we delete the `obj` directory. Update `android-run-skia-runtime-tests.sh` to always create the `$(build.sourcesdirectory)/build/uitests-failure-results` path before existing with an error, as failure to do so means that the `PublishBuildArtifacts@1` YAML task fails: ##[error]Publishing build artifacts failed with an error: Not found PathtoPublish: /agent/_work/1/s/build/uitests-failure-results which in turn means subsequent `DownloadBuildArtifacts@0` / **Download previous test runs failed tests** steps *also* always fail: ##[error]Artifact uitests-android-nativeaot-failure-results not found for build 174635. Please ensure you have published artifacts in any previous phases of the current build. Update `ApplicationData.GetRoamingFolder()` to explicitly create `Environment.GetFolderPath(Environment.SpecialFolder.ApplicationData)`. (Apparently this isn't created by default under NativeAOT?) This avoids a startup assertion: I NativeAotFromAndroid: App failed to initialize: System.IO.DirectoryNotFoundException: IO_PathNotFound_Path, /data/user/0/uno.platform.samplesapp.skia/files/.config/b63c4306-f361-42d0-bc1d-5be385a95c78.txt I NativeAotFromAndroid: at System.IO.FileSystem.DeleteFile(String) + 0xe7 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.App.<AssertApplicationData>g__AssertCanCreateFile|32_3(StorageFolder) + 0x10c I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.App.AssertApplicationData() + 0xa5 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.App..ctor() + 0x2a3 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at SamplesApp.Droid.Application.<>c.<.ctor>b__0_0() + 0x18 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Microsoft.UI.Xaml.NativeApplication.<OnActivityStarted>b__7_0() + 0x12 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Uno.UI.Runtime.Skia.Android.AndroidHost.<Run>g__CreateApp|2_10(ApplicationInitializationCallbackParams _) + 0xf I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Application.StartPartial(ApplicationInitializationCallback callback) + 0xb5 I NativeAotFromAndroid: at Uno.UI.Runtime.Skia.Android.AndroidHost.Run() + 0x306 Enable NativeAOT builds by updating `SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj` to set the [`$(PublishAot)`][1] property to the `$(SkiaPublishAot)` MSBuild property. This allows us to build a single project for NativeAOT -- `SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj` -- *without* trying to build every referenced project for NativeAOT, which is what happens if you instead try `dotnet publish -p:PublishAot=true …`, which fails: % dotnet build -c Release -p:PublishAot=true src/SamplesApp/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj -bl … …/Microsoft.NET.Sdk.FrameworkReferenceResolution.targets(121,5): error NETSDK1207: Ahead-of-time compilation is not supported for the target framework. % dotnet publish src/SamplesApp/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile.csproj \ -c Release -r android-x64 -f net10.0-android -p:UnoTargetFrameworkOverride=net10.0-android -p:SkiaPublishAot=true -bl # succeeds… after 15 minutes… This also requires updating `$(NoWarn)` to ignore the hundreds of IL trimmer warnings. We're just trying to see where things stand for now. Additionally, we need to publish with `-r android-x64` in order to avoid the build error: …/Microsoft.NETCore.Native.Publish.targets(92,5): error MSB3030: Could not copy the file "bin/Release/net10.0-android/native/SamplesApp.so" because it was not found. Because it's `bin/Release/net10.0-android/android-{arm64,x64}/native/SamplesApp.so`! Oddly, using `-r android-x64` still results in *both* ABIs being included, which appears to be a unoplatform/uno "bug": % unzip -l src/SamplesApp/SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile/bin/Release/net10.0-android/android-x64/publish/uno.platform.samplesapp.skia-Signed.apk | grep SamplesApp.so 763563120 08-28-2025 19:47 lib/x86_64/libSamplesApp.so 757982224 08-28-2025 19:48 lib/arm64-v8a/libSamplesApp.so The need for `-r android-x64` may be related to dotnet/android#10457. .NET Crypto support isn't propertly initialized in Android+NativeAOT apps in .NET 10 RC1; see dotnet/android#10463. This may be fixed in dotnet/android#10461, but in the meantime we can manually call `AndroidCryptoNative_InitLibraryOnLoad()` so that methods such as `SHA1.Create()` won't throw. Exclude tests which don't pass under NativeAOT. These fall into three major categories: 1. Failures that don't make sense, likely due to unknown bugs within the NativeAOT toolchain itself, failing due to `TargetParameterCountException` or `InvalidOperationException` described below. Some of these are worked around (see below), while others are ignored via e.g.: [Ignore("DataRowAttribute.GetData() wraps data in an extra array under NativeAOT; not yet understood why.")] 2. Failures which are due to `AwesomeAssertions` using `MethodInfo.MakeGenericMethod()`; see AwesomeAssertions/AwesomeAssertions#290: Unhandled exception. System.NotSupportedException: 'AwesomeAssertions.Equivalency.Steps.GenericEnumerableEquivalencyStep.HandleImpl[System.Int32](AwesomeAssertions.Equivalency.Steps.EnumerableEquivalencyValidator,System.Object[],System.Collections.Generic.IEnumerable`1[System.Int32])' is missing native code. MethodInfo.MakeGenericMethod() is not compatible with AOT compilation. Inspect and fix AOT related warnings that were generated when the app was published. For more information see https://aka.ms/nativeaot-compatibility at System.Reflection.Runtime.MethodInfos.RuntimeNamedMethodInfo`1.GetUncachedMethodInvoker(RuntimeTypeInfo[], MemberInfo) + 0x2a at System.Reflection.Runtime.MethodInfos.RuntimeMethodInfo.Invoke(Object, BindingFlags, Binder, Object[], CultureInfo) + 0x3f at AwesomeAssertions.Equivalency.Steps.GenericEnumerableEquivalencyStep.Handle(Comparands, IEquivalencyValidationContext, IValidateChildNodeEquivalency) + 0x21a at AwesomeAssertions.Equivalency.EquivalencyValidator.TryToProveNodesAreEquivalent(Comparands, IEquivalencyValidationContext) + 0x129 at AwesomeAssertions.Equivalency.EquivalencyValidator.AssertEquality(Comparands, EquivalencyValidationContext) + 0x43 at AwesomeAssertions.Collections.GenericCollectionAssertions`3.BeEquivalentTo[TExpectation](IEnumerable`1, Func`2, String, Object[]) + 0x1f9 Basically, the `.BeBeEquivalentTo()` extension method cannot currently work in NativeAOT environments. These are ignored via: [Ignore(".BeEquivalentTo() unsupported under NativeAOT; see: AwesomeAssertions/AwesomeAssertions#290")] 3. Other limitations within the NativeAOT environment. For example, Android+NativeAOT does not yet have a GC bridge, meaning every `Java.Lang.Object` subclass instance is *never* collected by the GC unless explicitly `.Dispose()`d Update `UnitTestsControl.cs` to try to work around some NativeAOT "weirdness" and provide better error messages when tests fail in certain scenarios. Previously, many tests would fail with one of: System.Reflection.TargetParameterCountException: Arg_ParmCnt at System.Reflection.DynamicInvokeInfo.ThrowForArgCountMismatch() + 0x83 at System.Reflection.DynamicInvokeInfo.Invoke(Object, IntPtr, Object[], BinderBundle, Boolean) + 0x136 at Internal.Reflection.Execution.MethodInvokers.InstanceMethodInvoker.Invoke(Object, Object[], BinderBundle, Boolean) + 0x4f at Internal.Reflection.Core.Execution.MethodBaseInvoker.Invoke(Object, Object[], Binder, BindingFlags, CultureInfo) + 0x48 at System.Reflection.Runtime.MethodInfos.RuntimeMethodInfo.Invoke(Object, BindingFlags, Binder, Object[], CultureInfo) + 0x70 at Uno.UI.Samples.Tests.UnitTestsControl.<>c__DisplayClass67_2.<<ExecuteTestsForInstance>g__InvokeTestMethod|5>d.MoveNext() + 0x4b9 or: System.InvalidOperationException: Missing parameter does not have default value at Uno.UI.Samples.Tests.UnitTestsControl.ExpandArgumentsWithDefaultValues(Object[] methodArguments, ParameterInfo[] methodParameters) + 0x138 at Uno.UI.Samples.Tests.UnitTestsControl.<>c__DisplayClass67_4.<<ExecuteTestsForInstance>b__12>d.MoveNext() + 0x92 --- End of stack trace from previous location --- at Uno.UI.Samples.Tests.UnitTestsControl.<>c__DisplayClass67_2.<<ExecuteTestsForInstance>g__InvokeTestMethod|5>d.MoveNext() + 0x549 A problem is that the reported test that was failing would be reported as e.g. `When_Add_Remove(System.Object[])`, which is a test method which *does not exist*; it's actually `When_Add_Remove(object, int, LeakTestStyles, RuntimeTestPlatforms)`. Additionally, which parameter doesn't have a default value? Or how does the parameter count not match? Or… An intermediate form of this commit would wrap the `TargetParameterCountException` in an `InvalidOperationException`, resulting in messages such as: System.InvalidOperationException: Exception thrown while invoking Uno.UI.Tests.Windows_Globalization.Given_NumeralSystemTranslator.When_NumeralSystemIsMtei(System.String, System.String) with arguments { System.Object[]{ 1 as System.String, ꯱ as System.String } }. ---> System.Reflection.TargetParameterCountException: Parameter count mismatch. Note that `When_NumeralSystemIsMtei(System.String, System.String)` takes two arguments, but it's given *one* argument with value `{{ System.Object[]{ 1 as System.String, ꯱ as System.String } }}`, i.e. *the values are there*, just "wrapped" in an extra array. Update `UnitTestsControl.InvokeTestMethod()` to always call `ExpandArgumentsWithDefaultValues()` as part of test method invocation, so that we have a centralized place to look for such "extra array wrapping". Update `ExpandArgumentsWithDefaultValues()` so that if it encounters an array for a parameter type which isn't an array, the array is expanded as additional arguments. Log various "weird" scenarios via `Console.WriteLine()` to make it easier to get a "complete" listing of such failing methods by using `adb logcat` output. TODO? the migration to AwesomeAssertions in 80c0705 results in some "bizarre" failure messages, e.g. Microsoft.VisualStudio.TestTools.UnitTesting.AssertFailedException: Expected value to be less than or equal to 81 because TextBox/SingleTextBox;Microsoft.UI.Xaml.VisualStateManager;Microsoft.UI.Xaml.Controls.Grid;…;ElementStub/HorizontalScrollBar;… which is *truncated* at *4000* characters. *Something* is wonky there. [0]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/deploying/native-aot/ [1]: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/core/deploying/native-aot/?tabs=windows%2Cnet8#publish-native-aot-using-the-cli [2]: https://developer.android.com/guide/topics/manifest/application-element#debug [3]: dotnet/java-interop@90ac202

grendello force-pushed the dev/grendel/naot-runtime branch 2 times, most recently from 443bfb4 to 03d77e5 Compare September 2, 2025 14:15

grendello force-pushed the dev/grendel/naot-runtime branch from 03d77e5 to 04ca2d9 Compare September 3, 2025 12:17

jonathanpeppers reviewed Sep 3, 2025

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src/Microsoft.Android.Runtime.NativeAOT/Android.Runtime.NativeAOT/JavaInteropRuntime.cs Show resolved Hide resolved

grendello force-pushed the dev/grendel/naot-runtime branch from bb04b1e to e6d636a Compare September 9, 2025 13:17

grendello marked this pull request as ready for review September 10, 2025 14:08

grendello requested review from jkoritzinsky and simonrozsival September 10, 2025 14:10

jonathanpeppers reviewed Sep 10, 2025

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grendello force-pushed the dev/grendel/naot-runtime branch from 493cbd8 to 96113be Compare September 11, 2025 09:17

grendello mentioned this pull request Sep 11, 2025

[nativeaot] Next steps for the NAOT runtime #10476

Merged

grendello added 7 commits September 12, 2025 09:44

NativeAOT runtime skeleton

a12b468

Builds, installs, does nothing yet.

Slowly figuring out NativeAOT build complexities

a8219ea

Link libc++ statically, include Android naot runtime in linking

f26572c

Don't link static libc++, it causes duplicate symbol errors with libs…

ab8022f

…tdc++-compat

Add logging to the naot android runtime

b715c08

Linking seems to work, not tested yet

Typo

7283f26

Shared code (gc bridge, os bridge), p/invokes

22fd8f8

NativeAOT sample now links without errors about missing symbols (added linker options for it to fail if missing symbols are detected)

grendello added 4 commits September 12, 2025 09:44

Don't spam the logs

3cbfa4f

Remove log spam

cf4140f

Initialize max gref count

68b9a88

grendello force-pushed the dev/grendel/naot-runtime branch from 251297f to 68b9a88 Compare September 12, 2025 07:57

jonathanpeppers approved these changes Sep 12, 2025

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grendello merged commit 869b0e0 into main Sep 12, 2025
59 checks passed

grendello deleted the dev/grendel/naot-runtime branch September 12, 2025 14:14

Grzegorz1223 mentioned this pull request Sep 18, 2025

GC: Support object level interop on Android dotnet/runtime#112109

Closed

6 tasks

jonpryor mentioned this pull request Oct 6, 2025

chore: build & run SamplesApp.Skia.netcoremobile with NativeAOT on Android unoplatform/uno#21359

Open

		// TODO: this shouldn't be public
		public class AndroidObjectReferenceManager : JniRuntime.JniObjectReferenceManager {

[native] NativeAOT runtime #10461

[native] NativeAOT runtime #10461

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