Feature/svelte latex regex (#16136)

[srogmann]

Close #16136

This PR handles LaTeX blocks in (...) and [...], as well as dollar amounts like $100 that should not be interpreted as inline LaTeX.

Examples (e.g. prompt "Think of a grade 4 math question regarding amounts."):

• ( \mathrm{GL}_2(\mathbb{F}_7) ): Group of invertible matrices with entries in (\mathbb{F}_7).
• Some kernel of (\mathrm{SL}_2(\mathbb{F}_7)):
  [
  \left{ \begin{pmatrix} 1 & 0 \ 0 & 1 \end{pmatrix}, \begin{pmatrix} -1 & 0 \ 0 & -1 \end{pmatrix} \right} = {\pm I}
  ]
• $100 and $12.99 are amounts, not LaTeX.
• I have $10, $3.99 and $x + y$ and $100x$. The amount is $2,000.

@allozaur : I wrote most of this PR a week ago, only just now noticed issue #16136 and your PR #16496. In math-formulas.ts, I've added examples for Storybook, along with tests for Vitest. Feel free to take a look and let me know your thoughts. Detecting inline LaTeX is inherently tricky, so my approach likely won't cover every edge case, but I hope it's a step in the right direction.

[allozaur]

Hey @srogmann! Thank you for this contribution :) Yeah, we will definitely work sth out from these PRs :)